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Reproductive Biology of Blue Swimming Crab, Portunus Segnis (Forskal, 1775) in Coastal Waters of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, Iran

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Reproductive Biology of Blue Swimming Crab, Portunus Segnis (Forskal, 1775) in Coastal Waters of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, Iran Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 12(2) 430-444 2013 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Reproductive biology of blue swimming crab, Portunus segnis (Forskal, 1775) in coastal waters of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, Iran Safaie M.; Pazooki J.*; Kiabi B.; Shokri M. R. Received: July 2012 Accepted: November 2012 Abstract A reproductive biology study of blue swimming crab, Portunus segnis (Forskal, 1775) in the northern Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, was conducted from May 2010 to October 2011. The results showed that the annual sex ratio is not M: F=1:1, with 51.9 % female. All the five stages of ovarian development of P. segnis were observed throughout the year. The size of ovigerous crabs varied from 103 to 155 mm. carapace width. This crab can spawn all year round with a spawning peak in mid-winter to early of spring season. The fecundity of ovigerous crabs ranged from 521027 to 6656599 eggs, with average fecundity of 2397967 eggs. The minimum carapace width (CW) of female crabs that reach sexual maturity was 92- 138 mm and the length at which 50% of all ovigerous females was 113 mm carapace width. Keywords: Sex ratio, Sexual maturity at size, Spawning season, Fecundity, Portunus segnis, Persian Gulf, Oman Sea - Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, 1983963113, IR Iran *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] 431 Safaie et al., Reproductive biology of blue swimming crab… __________________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction et al. (2010) indicating that the blue swimming crab in the study area in the Decapods crustacean form a major northern Persian Gulf is P. segnis. component of commercial fisheries in the Indo-Pacific region. The crab fishery is Distributions of this species also dominated by a few members of a single extend from West Indian Ocean; West of family, the Portunidae. They include four Indian sub-continent, Pakistan, Persian species of mud crab (genus Scylla De Gulf, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, East Haan, 1833), the blue swimming crab coast of Africa(Lai et al., 2010). [Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758)] and The study of reproductive biology the gazami crab [P. trituberculatus (Miers, for specially spawning season and 1876)] (Lai et al., 2010). fecundity is important to have a full Blue swimming crab is one of the understanding of the population dynamics. economically important species that Basic information related to population inhabit a wide range of inshore and dynamics and biology of P. segnis is vital continental shelf areas, including sandy, for policy makers and managers to muddy and sea grass habitats, from the establish regulation measures to conserve intertidal zone to at least 50 m depth. The the population. Therefore, a study of blue swimming crab is found in near-shore reproductive biology of P. segnis can and estuarine waters throughout the Indo- benefit the management of blue crab Pacific. Because of its good flavor, blue population in this area as well as in others. swimming crab is in high demand in the In this paper sex ratio of males and market (Sudtongkong, 2006). females, gonad development, spawning Different groups of decapods season, size of females at sexual maturity crustacean exist in the Persian Gulf and and size at 50% maturity of ovigerous Oman Sea which are caught during shrimp female and fecundity are presented for P. catch season. Portunid crabs, especially segnis. Portonus segnis, are the most commercially important of all true crabs in Materials and methods coastal waters of Hormozgan province. In E to ׳The study area extends from 26◦ 25 earlier studies, the blue swimming crab in N, and ׳N to 56◦06 ׳E and 57◦29 ׳07 ◦27 the northern Persian Gulf was incorrectly samples were collected using shrimp identified as Portunus pelagicus (Kamrani bottom trawl with 20mm mesh size in cod et al., 2010). Further investigations by Lai end, which was stratified into three strata et al. (2010) showed that Portunus segnis of 2–5, 5–10, and 10–20 m (Fig. 1). is confined to the western Indian Ocean Samples were collected monthly from May from Pakistan to South Africa. The results 2010 to October 2011. of present study mirrored the result by Lai Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 12(2) 2013 432 _________________________________________________________________________________________ A total of 3746 male and 4056 female nearest mm across the tips of the samples of this species were collected and epibranchial spines, and individual wet preserved in a deep freezer until further weights of the crabs were recorded to the analysis. Each crab was measured and nearest g. The number and carapace width recorded for its carapace width, body (CW) of ovigerous females (Figure 2) weight and sex determination. The were also examined and recorded. carapace width (CW) was measured to the Figure 1: Locations of sampling sites for Portunus segnis in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea The determination of reproductive biology to test the difference between ratios in both of Blue swimming crab in Persian Gulf sexes. and Oman Sea was divided into 4 major Gonad Development and Spawning Season parts described as follows. Each of 1296 sampled females was measured for its biometric data. After Sex-Ratio opening its carapace for observation of the In this research, sex ratio analysis was maturity stages of the ovaries, the maturity carried out by monthly data sets of the stages of ovaries were grouped into four total number of male and female crabs. main classes following the procedure Chi-square (X2) statistical was performed adopted by Kumar et al. (2000). 433 Safaie et al., Reproductive biology of blue swimming crab… __________________________________________________________________________________ Figure 2: Ovigerous P. segnis collected from Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ovarian development was classified by using the minimum size class data of 603 size and color of the ovary as follows: ovigerous female crabs sampled from Stage 1– Gonad immature, ovary very thin Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. and transparent (colorless). The mean length at first Stage 2– Early gonad maturing, ovary reproduction or mean length at sexual changed color to creamy, but not maturity (Lm) may be defined as the extending into hepatic region. length at which 50% of all individuals are Stage 3–Gonad maturing, ovary became sexually matured. e.g. as the length at enlarge and changed color to yellow, which 50% of all females in stock of crabs extending some 1/3-1/4 of the hepatic are ovigerous, or the length at which 50% region. of all female crabs have ovaries in an Stage 4– Gonad mature, the ovary covered advanced stage of development. The most part of hepatic region, and turned Lm50% was estimated by using following orange or reddish orange. formula (King, 1995) and least square Stage 5- Females carrying eggs (Ovigerous method (Solver Tools in Microsoft Excel female). ver. 2007): Spawning season of this species P = L/[1+exp( - r ( L- L ))] was found from the percentage of ovary m m50 stage 4 and ovigerous females in each Were, rm is the slope of curve, Lm is the month. mean carapace width (mm) at sexual maturity, L is mean carapace width (mm) Size at First Sexual Maturity and Lm50% and P is probability of presence mature Examination of size at first sexual maturity crabs. of the female P. segnis were conducted Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 12(2) 2013 434 _________________________________________________________________________________________ Fecundity Fj= a+ b CWj Fecundity is calculated as the Were, b is the slope of curve, a is constant number of eggs carried externally by the number, CW is carapace width (mm) and F female (Kumar et al., 2000). is fecundity. In this study, 62 ovigerous females covering a wide size range were sampled Results by bottom trawl. Sex ratio Carapace width of each ovigerous The overall sex-ratio between male and female was measured and the eggs of each female P. segnis caught from Persian Gulf ovigerous female were weighed to the and Oman Sea throughout the year is not nearest 0.001 g. At least 5 % of total egg 1:1, with a ratio of 51.9% females. Also, a weight was sub-sampled and counted Chi-square (X2) test indicated that the under a stereo microscope. These data overall sex-ratio was significantly different were then used to estimate the total from the expected 1:1 ratio (P< 0.05) number of eggs of each female. The (Table 1, Figure 3). relationship between fecundity (F) and carapace width (CW) was analyzed by using the equation: Table 1: Sex–ratio between male and female of P. segnis collected from Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Total(Obs.) Sex Ratio 2 Year Date X (p value) Male Female Total Male Female May 41 22 63 1 0.54 0.02 June 69 63 132 1 0.91 0.60 July 82 102 184 1 1.24 0.14 Aug 90 87 177 1 0.97 0.82 10 20 Sept 178 116 294 1 0.65 0.00 Oct 62 85 147 1 1.37 0.06 Nov 13 24 37 1 1.85 0.07 Dec 137 107 244 1 0.78 0.05 Jan 64 90 154 1 1.41 0.04 Feb 53 90 143 1 1.70 0.00 Mar 27 56 83 1 2.07 0.00 Apr 302 318 620 1 1.05 0.52 May 109 131 240 1 1.20 0.16 2011 June 237 487 724 1 2.05 0.00 July 654 703 1357 1 1.07 0.18 Aug 596 645 1241 1 1.08 0.16 Sept 1002 883 1885 1 0.88 0.01 Oct 30 47 77 1 1.57 0.05 Total 3746 4056 7802 1 1.08 0.00 Gonad Development and Ovigerous All the five stages of ovarian development Female of P.
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