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Geology of the Silver King Area, Superior, Arizona by Frederic

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Geology of the Silver King Area, Superior, Arizona by Frederic Geology of the Silver King area, Superior, Arizona Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Galbraith, Frederic W. (Frederic Williams), 1903- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 11:46:57 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565555 Geology of the Silver King Area, Superior, Arizona by Frederic William Galbraith 3rd. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate College University of Arizona 1935 Approved: / ^ __ J ■ Q ^ r z ^ Z - V - 3 t Major professor /Date . ' ' X r f//" ^ 3 Contents Page Outline of report........................ ......... Introduction...................................... Scope of investigation......................... Location and extent of the area................ Acknowledgements............................... Bibliography................................... Climate, flora and fauna..... .................. Early history of the region.................... CDcnzv>roHHH-< Topographic features of the area............... 13 General geology................................... 15 Principal features............................. 15 Previous geological investigation.............. 17 Globe quadrangle............. 19 Pinal schist............................. 19 Apache group..............................20 Bay quadrangle.............................. 21 Pinal schist..............................22 Apache group............................. 22 Me tamorphic pre-Cambrian rocks................. 24 Pinal schist................................ 24 Petrographic detail of schist............ 24 Petrographic detail of greenstone......... 25 Petrographic detail of gneissoid facies...26 Origin of the Pinal schist.................. 27 Sedimentary rocks.............................. 27 Pre-Cambrian system........ 27 Apache group............................. 27 Scanlan conglomerate.................. 27 Pioneer shale......................... 29 Barnes conglomerate................... 31 Dripping Spring quartzite............. 32 Petrographic detail of quartzite....33 Mescal limestone...................... 34 Basalt................................ 35 Petrographic detail of basalt...... 36 Ajgexjciv Jfrxuex Thickness of the pre-Cambrian formations.... 45 Paleozoic system............ 46 Troy quartzite........................ 46 Martin limestone...................... 48 Escabrosa and Naco limestones......... 49 Tertiary system............................. 51 Dacite conglomerate................... 51 Quaternary system........................... 53 Recent alluvium....................... 53 u’ ° Consolidated alluvium.............. 53 Unconsolidated alluvium............ 54 (ii) General geology - Continued. Igneous rooks. ............... .................... ...... 55 Diabase................................. 55 General character........... ...55 Petrographic detail of diabase ............... 57 Petrographic detail of altered diabase......59 Basaltic facies of diabase. .. ................ .61 Petrographic detail of basaltic facies......61 Petrographic detail of sericitized basalt...63 Contact metamorphism. .............................64 Age of the diabase... ................. .65 Andesite. ....... ..... ............... ............66 General character and age. ......... ..66 Petrographic detail of andesite.............67 Petrographic detail of albitized andesite...68 Contact me tamorphi sm. ............ 69 Quartz diorite. ........................ ....... 69 General character.... ..69 Petrographic detail of quartz diorite.......70 Petrographic detail of porphyritic diorite..72 Border facies of the quartz diorite.... ........74 Petrographic detail of diorite porphyry.... 74 Petrographic detail of porphyritic augite quartz diorite.. ........ ......... 75 Petrographic detail of porphyritic augite diorite.......... 76 Silicified Kornblende granite. ...... .........77 Complementary rocks............ 78 Andesite prophyry dike........... .78 Quartz monzonite porphyry dikes.............79 Porphyritic alkali granite dike.............80 Aplitic quartz monzoni te ........... ... 82 Hornblende granite ................... 83 Pel si te .............. .......... 84 Gabbro ........... 85 Petrographic detail of gabbro. ........... .85 Contact me tamorphi sm. ............ 87 Age of the quartz diorite.................... ...88 Silver King porphyry......... 89 General character. ......... ...... ....... ..... .89 Petrographic detail of Silver King porphyry.... ............................. .90 Contact me tamorphi sm. ........... ....95 Age of the porphyry ......... ....... .......... .96 Differentiation of the quartz diorite magma....... 96 The Central Arizona Batholith....... .97 Rhyolite tuff....... .98 General character.................................98 Petrographic detail of rhyolite tuff.......101 (ill) General geology - Continued Igneous rocks - Continued Dacite series.t *................................ 102 General character.............................. 102 Petrographic detail of rhyolite........... 103 Petrographic detail of dacite tuff........ 104 Petrographic detail of dacite............. 104 Age of the dacite series...................... 106 Andesite....................... 106 Petrographic detail of andesite........... 107 Structure...................... 108 Folding............................................ 109 Faulting........................................... 110 Geologic history...................................... 114 Economic geology......................................... 118 Discovery of the Silver King Mine................... 118 Development and production.......................... 120 The Silver King ore body................... 127 Microscopic study of the ores....................... 130 Introduction. ................................... 150 Criteria of ore mineral panagenesis............. 130 Textures indicating replacement......... 130 Textures indicating contemporaneity.......... 152 Graphic textures............................... 134 Identification methods...................... 136 Polarised light................................ 156 Etch tests................... 137 Micro chemical methods......................... 137 Description and par agenesis of minerals ......... 138 General statement....... 138 Hypo gene minerals............................. 138 Pyrite......................... 138 Sphalerite................ 139 Galena.................................... 139 Chalcopyrite and tetrahedrite............. 140 Bornite..................................... 141 Stromeyerite......... 142 Native silver............................... 142 Argentite.... '.................... ......... 143 Super gene minerals....................... 143 Stromeyerite................... 143 Massive chalcocite................ 146 Blue chalcocite........................... 147 Covellite........... ...'................... 147 Chalcopyrite.... ........ 148 Native silver.............................. 148 Cuprite.... ................... 149 Azurite and malachite............ 150 Angle site ........................ 150 Gangue minerals...... 150 Quart z ....... 150 Barite........................ 151 Calcite......................... 151 (It ) Economic geology - Continued The Apache Silver Mining Company’s prospect 152 (v) Outline of Report The Silver King mine, whose discovery opened up a large mineralized area previously overrun by hostile Apaches, produced nearly $7,000,000 in silver, nearly all of it be­ tween 1875 and 1889. Activity was intermittent in the years following, and at present a little work is being carried on to the east of the Silver King ground and there is talk of reopening the old mine, which is flooded. Sedimentary rocks.- The sedimentary rocks in the Silver King area range in age from pre-Cambrian to Recent. The Apache group, of Algonkian age, rests upon the Archeani':} Pinal schist, and is made up of the Scanlan conglomerate, Pioneer shale, Barnes conglomerate, Dripping Spring quartz­ ite and the Mescal limestone which is overlain by a thin basalt flow. Paleozoic rocks consist of the Cambrain Troy quartzite, Devonian Martin limestone, and Carboniferous Escabrosa and Naco limestones. No beds of Mesozoic age are present, in the area. The Tertiary segmentary rocks con­ sist of interbedded conglomerates, and tuffs. Local Quat­ ernary deposits of both consolidated and unconsolidated gravels are present. Intrusive igneous rocks.- There are three major in­ trusive bodies in the area. The oldest is diabase which occurs as thick sills in the pre-Cambrian formations and is probably of early Paleozoic age. A small stock of Tertiary (vi) quartz diorite is exposed over a large part of the area. Closely associated with the quartz diorite is a smaller stock of porphyritic quartz diorite locally known as the Silver King porphyry, as it was in this rock that the ore body of the Silver King mine was formed. Several varieties of complementary rocks are associated with the dioritie intrusives, and range in composition from.gabbro to alkali granite. Igneous rocks apparently not closely related to the quartz diorite are two ages of andesite. The whole igneous series may be considered as different phases in the history of what is known as the Central Arizona Batholith.
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