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Al-Umma – TMMK – Coimbatore – 1998 Bombings – Political Violence – Muslims – Internal Relocation

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Al-Umma – TMMK – Coimbatore – 1998 Bombings – Political Violence – Muslims – Internal Relocation Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: IND33547 Country: India Date: 4 August 2008 Keywords: India – Tamil Nadu – Kerala – Al-Umma – TMMK – Coimbatore – 1998 Bombings – Political violence – Muslims – Internal relocation This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Questions I would appreciate updated country information in respect of the following issues. 1. What is the current situation (July 2008) regarding the activities of the Al-Umma group in Tamil Nadu and Kerala? 2. What is known about any enmity, if any, between the Al-Umma group and the TMMK in Tamil Nadu and Kerala? 3. Please provide a brief summary of the 1998 terrorist bombings in Coimbatore. 4. Please provide an update regarding the ability of TMMK members or Muslims from Tamil Nadu or Kerala to relocate elsewhere in India. RESPONSE I would appreciate updated country information in respect of the following issues. 1. What is the current situation (July 2008) regarding the activities of the Al-Umma group in Tamil Nadu and Kerala? An article in The Times of India dated 29 July 2008 refers to the police in Tamil Nadu arresting suspects in relation to “a plot to blow up key installations - including the Anna flyover and DMK headquarters” in Chennai. The accused were “all suspected to be former members of banned militant organizations including SIMI and Al-Umma, which carried out the Coimbatore serial blasts.” The article also indicates that “[f]ormer RAW official B Raman” had said that ‘Tamil Nadu had been a haven for extremist outfits such as Al-Umma in the early 1990s. We have to be on the alert as they could now be on a revival mode’” (Sivan, Jayaraj & Kumar, K Praveen 2008, ‘TN cops bust plot to blow up flyover’, The Times of India, 29 July – Attachment 1). An article in The Hindu dated 25 July 2008 indicates that the Madras High Court had “confirmed the life sentence imposed on four persons, Shamsudeen, Sarfruddin, Amanullah and Hakeem of Coimbatore, allegedly belonging to Al-Umma (since banned) in a case relating to a murder committed 12 years ago” (‘Life sentence on four confirmed’ 2008, The Hindu, 25 July http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2008072554420400.htm&date=20 08/07/25/&prd=th& - Accessed 31 July 2008 – Attachment 2). Another article in The Hindu dated 10 April 2008 refers to a Kovilpatti court sentencing “Hyder Ali (38), Abdul Mudalif (47), Mohammed Abdul Khader (50) and Zakir Hussain (38), all Al-Umma activists, to a total of 41 years of imprisonment to be run concurrently for a period of 10 years.” They had been “arrested at Kovilpatti on October 29, 1992, with explosives in a stolen car.” According to the article: They were convicted under IPC 420 (cheating), IPC 120 b (criminal conspiracy), IPC 307 (attempt to murder), IPC 397 (dacoity with deadly weapon) and Indian Arms Act r/w Indian Exposive Substances Act. …They hired the car at Thiruvanathapuram (then Trivandrum) in Kerala. En route they attacked the car driver, Madhusoodanan, causing serious injuries to him, and then escaped with the vehicle, before they were caught at Kovilpatti (‘41 years of imprisonment for four Al-Umma activists’ 2008, The Hindu, 10 April – Attachment 3). The Microsoft Encarta Interactive Atlas indicates that Kovilpatti is in Tamil Nadu (‘Kovilpatti, Tamil Nadu’ 2000, Microsoft Encarta Interactive Atlas 2000 – Attachment 4). A further article in The Hindu dated 23 February 2008 refers to the Madras High Court confirming “the conviction and life sentence imposed on seven activists of banned outfit Al- Umma for murdering a Bharatiya Janata Party functionary, P.V. Sridhar, a doctor by profession, in Tiruchi on February 2, 1999.” There had originally been thirteen persons charged, but a fast track court had “acquitted six of them from all charges and convicted the rest” on 7 October 2003 (‘Life sentence on Al-Umma activists confirmed’ 2008, The Hindu, 23 February http://www.thehindu.com/2008/02/23/stories/2008022359931000.htm - Accessed 31 July 2008 – Attachment 5). An article in Frontline dated 8-21 December 2007 indicates that Tamil Nadu Police officials had said that 83 Al Umma men who, although sentenced to imprisonment in the Coimbatore bombing case were released as they had served their prison terms while awaiting trial, “want ‘to settle down, start a new life and not to have any confrontation’”. However, the article also indicates that although “genuine organisations such as the Released Prisoners’ Welfare Board” were trying to rehabilitate the men, another organisation called the Charitable Trust for Minorities (CTM) that police sources alleged received funds from Saudi Arabia, had “been collecting funds to rehabilitate the 83 Al Umma men and to help the families of other cadre who are still in prison.” The article also refers to “[t]op police officers” conceding “that ‘although everything is calm on the surface in Tamil Nadu, there are deep undercurrents of Muslim extremism’”. There were organisations such as “the Popular Front of India, an umbrella organisation of Manitha Neethi Pasarai, the KFD [Karnataka Forum for Dignity] and the NDF [National Development Front of Kerala]”, which according to a police officer, all had chairmen who were “former SIMI [Students’ Islamic Movement of India] zonal presidents and” members who were ex-ansars or full-time members. According to the article, “Mohammed Ansari, who was a SIMI ikwan (supporter), is now Al Umma general secretary.” Ansari “was convicted and sentenced to imprisonment in the Coimbatore blasts case. Ansari’s brother-in-law, Shahjehan, who is an ex-ansar of SIMI, is one of the top leaders of Al Umma. Tajudeen, Al Umma treasurer, was also a SIMI ansar” (Subramanian, T.S. 2007, ‘Building new bases’, Frontline, Volume 24, Issue 24, 8-21 December http://www.flonnet.com/fl2424/stories/20071221500800700.htm - Accessed 31 July 2008 – Attachment 6). The US Department of State report on religious freedom in India for 2007 refers to media reports that a woman had been killed by Muslim youth in Melapalayam, southern Tamil Nadu, for having an affair with a married man. She had angered young Muslims influenced by Al Umma. It is stated in the article that: Although not decreed by fatwas, some Muslims attempted to impose their religious views concerning ethical and moral conduct on their fellow Muslims. On March 9, 2007, a 35-year- old woman was killed by local Muslim youth in Melapalayam, southern Tamil Nadu. The Media reported that the killing was due to her having an affair with a married man, which angered youth influenced by the Islamic fringe group “Al Umma.” Tamil Nadu police arrested six individuals in connection with this killing (US Department of State 2007, International Religious Freedom Report for 2007 – India, September, Section III – Attachment 7). According to an article dated 1 August 2007, “Al Umma, a radical Islamic outfit formed in the early 1980s and held responsible for several terror attacks in south India including the 1998 Coimbatore bombings, has for all practical purposes ceased to be active with most of its leaders either in jail or having left the organisation.” The article indicates that “Al Umma chief S.A. Basha”, who a Coimbatore sessions court had found “guilty of criminal conspiracy for the Coimbatore serial bomb blasts,” had declared in June 1999 “that he was renouncing acts of terrorism and that “no bombs would go off in Tamil Nadu in future”. A founder of the organization, Ahmed Pasha, had left, as had “another founding leader, M.H. Jawahirulla,” who had “quit the outfit in the mid-90s saying he did not believe in its cult of violence” (‘Al Umma is now a virtually defunct outfit’ 2007, Indo-Asian News Service, 1 August – Attachment 8). 2. What is known about any enmity, if any, between the Al-Umma group and the TMMK in Tamil Nadu and Kerala? A search of the sources consulted did not locate specific information on enmity between the Al-Umma group and the TMMK in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The following articles provide varying information on links and differences between the two groups. An RRT research response dated 20 November 2006 which provides information on the TMMK (RRT Country Research 2006, Research Response IND30858, 20 November, (Question 1) – Attachment 9), refers to an article in Frontline dated 7-20 March 1998 that indicates that M.H. Jawahirulla, one of the original founders of Al-Umma along with S.A. Basha and Ahmed Pasha, left Al-Umma “to found the Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazhagam (TMMK) on August 15, 1995. Ahmed Pasha said he had dissociated himself from Al-Umma because he was fed up with its ‘cult of violence’”. The article also indicates that “[i]nformed sources said that although Al-Umma and the TMMK had functional differences, they were quick to come together on issues which were seen to ‘affect Muslim interests’” (Subramanian, T.S. 1998, ‘A time of troubles’, Frontline, Vol. 15, No. 05, 7-20 March http://www.appiusforum.com/times.html – Accessed 27 September 2006 – Attachment 10). Another article in Frontline dated 13-26 December 1997 refers to “[t]he president of the Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazhagam (TMMK), M.H.
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