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Table of Contents 3.1. Citizen Engagement ...... 23 1. Smart City- An Introduction ...... 4 3.2. Developing Smart City Vision ...... 26 1.2. Our Core Philosophy ...... 5 4. Identifying Sectors for Improvement ...... 36 1.3. Approach and Methodology ...... 6 5. Pan City Initiative ...... 38 2. City Profile ...... 8 5.1. Employment ...... 39 2.1. About the City- An Overview ...... 8 5.2. Emergency Response and Monitoring System (EMRS) ...... 43 2.2. History ...... 8 5.3. Integrated Water Management Systems ...... 45 2.3. Geography ...... 9 5.3.1. Water Quality Management System ...... 52 2.4. Climate and Rainfall ...... 10 6. Area Based Initiatives ...... 57 2.5. Overview of the ULB and Demographics ...... 10 6.1. City Characteristics ...... 57 2.6. Employment ...... 13 7. Programme Convergence for Smart City Funding ...... 64 2.7. Land Use Pattern ...... 14 Key Contacts ...... 66 2.8. Road Network ...... 16

2.9. Water Supply ...... 18 2.10. Sewerage ...... 19

2.11. Storm Water Drainage System ...... 20

2.12. Housing ...... 21 2.13. Slums ...... 21

2.14. Commercial ...... 21 2.15. Education ...... 21

2.16. Health Care ...... 22 3. Stakeholder Consultation ...... 23

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List of Figures Figure 29. Critical Point in the Water Distribution System ...... 47 Figure 30. Valve Chamber ...... 48 Figure 1. Developing Smart City Proposal ...... 4 Figure 31. Interface for Monitoring Pressure in the Water Distribution Figure 2. MoUDs Assessment Criteria...... 4 System ...... 48 Figure 3. Core Philosophy- Smart City Plan ...... 5 Figure 32. Automatic SMS Alert Systems to Valve Operators ...... 49 Figure 6. Developing Area Based Initiative ...... 7 Figure 33. Data Logger ...... 50 Figure 7. ...... 8 Figure 34. Dashboard for Central Water Distribution System ...... 51 Figure 8. Nellaiappar Temple ...... 9 Figure 35 Water Quality Monitoring- Process ...... 53 Figure 9. Population Growth in Tirunelveli ...... 12 Figure 36. Bio Sentry ...... 53 Figure 10. Gender wise Employment characteristics ...... 13 Figure 37. Hydrobox ...... 53 Figure 11. Working Population in Tirunelveli ...... 13 Figure 38. Water Quality Monitoring System Dashboard ...... 54 Figure 12. Break up of the Developed Area ...... 14 Figure 39. Illustrative MIS Dashboard for Septage Management ...... 55 Figure 13. Existing and Proposed Land Use Plan in Tirunelveli ...... 15 Figure 40. Areas Identified for Area Based Interventions in Tirunelveli ... 62 Figure 14. Map showing the road network in Tirunelveli ...... 16 Figure 15. Maintenance of Roads ...... 17 Figure 16. Map showing the Major Water Head works in the City ...... 18 List of Tables Figure 17. Map showing the gradients in the City ...... 20 Figure 18. Breakup of Health Care Facilities ...... 22 Table 1. About Tirunelveli ...... 11 Figure 19. Map showing the healthcare facilities in .... 22 Table 2. Population growth in Tirunelveli ...... 11 Figure 20. Citizen Engagement ...... 23 Table 3. Employment Characteristics ...... 13 Figure 21. SWOT Analysis ...... 25 Table 4. Length of Road in the City ...... 17 Figure 22. Developing Smart City Vision ...... 26 Table 5. Sewer System in Tirunelveli ...... 19 Figure 23. Vision Statement ...... 27 Table 6. Storm Water Drainage in the City...... 20 Figure 24. Open Group Discussion- Community ...... 33 Table 7. Status of Education- Schools ...... 21 Figure 25. Open Group Discussions- Students and Officials ...... 34 Figure 26. Engagement with Leadership...... 35 Figure 27. Identified Sectors for Improvement based on Citizen and Leadership Engagement ...... 36 Figure 28. Variation of Water Pressure in the Area ...... 46

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1. Smart City- An Introduction

A Smart City Plan must build upon the City’s Current Realities, Future Aspirations and align with MoUD’s Assessment Criteria. The Smart City Proposal should consist of

a. Smart City Vision – How do City Government and Citizens visualize the city’s growth in the near future? b. Pan-City Initiative(s) – Application of smart solution to existing city-wide infrastructure to benefit entire population in the City. c. Area Based Initiative(s) – City can either improve its Figure 1. Developing Smart City Proposal existing infrastructure (retrofitting), renew (Redevelopment) or extend the city (Greenfield)

Figure 2 describes MoUD’s basic assessment criteria for selection of cities in “Smart City Challenge.

Figure 2. MoUDs Assessment Criteria

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1.2. Our Core Philosophy

Figure 3. Core Philosophy- Smart City Plan

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1.3. Approach and Methodology

Smart City Vision

Extensive Stakeholder consultations were conducted Citizen Vision for with the city’s leadership and the citizens to identify the

Smart City key priorities. Figure 4 and 5 represent the approaches Government/Corporation proposed to help the city identify the pan-city and area- based solutions. Figure 4. Developing Vision for Smart City

Figure 5. Developing Pan City Initiative

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Figure 4. Developing Area Based Initiative

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2. City Profile Caldwell, one of the Christian missionaries who visited the

2.1. About the City- An Overview Tirunelveli Municipal Corporation (TMC) commands a pivotal position in the southern region of . The city is a popular pilgrimage and educational centre. It was known as the ‘Oxford of Tamil Nadu’ in the sixties of the last century, because of the establishment of several colleges and other educational centres in the city. It is also known as one of the twin towns - Tirunelveli and

Palayamkottai. The river Thamarabharani bifurcates these Figure 5. Tirunelveli two towns. The entire city consists of four distinct urban area in the nineteenth century for the purpose of both settlements that are separated by agriculture fields. The promoting their religious beliefs and educating the city’s growth has been stifled due to the lack of proper people. Tirunelveli had been under the prominence of the planning efforts and untapped revenue generation Pandya kings, serving as their secondary capital while potential across sectors. The city has taken up measures remained its primary capital. It was an important to improve the existing situation, but it has met with city of the Chola kingdom (c.900-1200) and of the limited success, as it lacks an integrated approach to town Vijayanagar Empire. The city was the chief commercial development. town in the period of Arcot Nawabs and Nayaks. They 2.2. History were among the various ruling dynasties of Tamil Nadu. In The history of Tirunelveli was researched by Robert fact, they called the city "Nellai Seemai", with Seemai meaning a developed foreign town. It was the Nayaks

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despite the fact that their administrative and military headquarters was located in (which was also anglicized as Palankottah), during their operations against the Palayakars. Post-independence, both towns reverted to their original names.

2.3. Geography

Tirunelveli is located at 8.73°N 77.7°E. It has an average elevation of 47 meters above mean sea level (154 ft). It is located in the southern-most tip of the Deccan plateau. Tirunelveli is an important junction in the National Figure 6. Nellaiappar Temple Highway No 7 connecting from the North to South (Kashmir to Kanyakumari). The nearest pivotal towns are: who, in 1781, granted its revenues and local in the north, Tuticorin in the east, administration to the British. In 1801, it was annexed by Sengottai and Alangulam in the west, in the the British, who governed it until India achieved southwest and in the south. It is also flanked independence in 1947. by the state of to the west, Gulf of Mannar and the

districts of Virudhunagar, and On acquisition from the Nawab of Arcot in 1801, the Kanniyakumari. Thamiraparani river roughly divides the British anglicized its name as Tinnevelly and made it the city into the Tirunelveli area and the Palayamkottai area. headquarters of Tirunelveli district. This happened The major lakes in the city are Nainar lake and

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Udayarpetti lake. Three rivers (Chitraru, Thamirabarani the left bank of Tamiraparani River and Palayamkottai on and Kothandarama river) converge at a place called the right bank. Palayamkottai as administrative Sivalai, making the area very fertile. The closest town to headquarters and with the establishment of educational this location is Alangaraperi. institutions industries and government offices, exhibited remarkable development. In the year 1948, a portion of Melepalayam village was deleted from this limit of 2.4. Climate and Rainfall Palayamkottai Town and was constituted as a separate The climate of Tirunelveli is generally hot, humid and said Municipal Town with effect from 1.10.1948. These three to be equable. The average temperature during summer Municipal Towns with few surrounding villages have been (March to June) ranges from 25 to 41° Celsius and 18 to merged together to form Tirunelveli Municipal 29°C during the rest of the year. The mean daily minimum Corporation. The corporation of Tirunelveli was in these months is about 22 to 23°C. The average annual constituted in 1994 by merging Tirunelveli, Palayamkottai, rainfall is 680 mm, most of which occurs during the municipality, Thatchanallur town northeast monsoon. Since the economy of the district is panchayats and 11 village panchayats. primarily based on agriculture, fluctuations in the For administrative purposes, the city is divided in to four monsoon rains or flooding of the Thamarabarani river has zones viz. Tirunelveli, Palayamkottai, Melapalayam and an immediate impact on the livelihood in the area. Thatchanallur. Further, these four zones are divided into

55 wards. As of 2001 the India census Tirunelveli had a 2.5. Overview of the ULB and Demographics population of 411,298. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. As of 2011 census of India, Tirunelveli and Palayamkottai are the important towns of Tirunelveli had a total population of 473,637. Males the Tirunelveli Corporation limit. Tirunelveli is situated on

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constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. The the complete information about the ULB. Table 2.2 shows city has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the the population growth in the Tirunelveli Corporation, it national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and can be seen that on rise and fall is noticed from decade to female literacy is 73%. In Tirunelveli, 10% of the decade. However, as evident from the graph on population is under six years of age. population growth in Tirunelveli City, the growth has

been slowing over the past decade.

About Tirunelveli % Population 1 Area of the Municipal Corporation (sq.km) 108.65 Year Population Population Density (Person Growth sq.km.) 2 Area of the Urban Development Authority 306 (sq.km) 1971 241013 2218

3 Number of Zones 4 1981 291104 20.78 2679

4 Number of Wards 55 1991 321454 10.43 2958

5 Total Population as per Census 2011 473637 2001 411831 28.12 3790

6 Total Number of Households as per 120466 2011 473637 15.29 4370 Census 2011 Table 2. Population growth in Tirunelveli Table 1. About Tirunelveli Over the last decade, the population of the town has Among the Municipal Corporations, Tirunelveli has been increased from 321,454 in 1991 to 474,838 in 2011. The identified with a gender ratio skewed towards females, town is spread over an area of 108.65 sq. km covering 55 with 1,024 females for every 1,000 males. The growth wards. The gross population density has increased to rate of urban agglomeration is 20.22%. Table 2.1 provides 4370 persons per sq. kilometre (km) in 2011 from 2218

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Figure 7. Population Growth in Tirunelveli

Population Growth in Tirunelveli

700000 600000 500000 400000 300000

200000 Population 100000 Year 0 2021 2031 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 (Projected) (Projected) Population 241013 291104 321454 411831 473637 561653 666025

persons per sq. km in 1971. public and private offices and Institutions etc., The steep

There had been some considerable fluctuations in down in variation noted in 1981 to 2001 is due to the population growth, during the past decades. It has residential growth moved to outside three Municipal limit registered a steep variation during the decades 1971- at that period.

1981, 1991-2001 as 20.78% and 28.12% respectively in Corporation area. This may be attributable to the various aspects like the formation of the Corporation and other

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2.6. Employment Working Population

Employment Characteristics in the City

Female Male Female 30%

Total Population= 473637 233659 239978 Male 70% Working Population= 182471 127710 54761

% Employment out of the Total 54.66% 22.82% Population Figure 9. Working Population in Tirunelveli

% Unemployed 45.34% 77.18%

Overall Unemployment Rate 61.47% Table 3. Employment Characteristics Female 54761 185217 • The City has a high unemployment rate of 61.47% out of the total population in the city

• Workforce participation rate is only 38.5% in the Male 127710 105949 total city population

• Women contribute to a significant chunk of the unemployment share - 77.18% of the total women Employed Unemployed are unemployed as per Census 2011. Figure 8. Gender wise Employment characteristics

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2.7. Land Use Pattern

As per the Land use Map,2005, prepared by Town & Country Planning Department, the predominant Land use envisaged for Developed Area- Breakup this Municipal Area is that of Residential use (1202.18 Hectares - Public and Semi Public 58.94% of Developed Area ) which is accommodated in 11.06% of 14% the total Municipal Area. However the Educational Land use (11.70%), the Public and Semi-Public Land use (14.27%) and the Educational 12% Industrial Land use (10.59%) shares almost equal Percentage. It is to be noted that the Transportation (Roads) too, occupy a major Industrial 11% Residential percentage (6.09%) of the total Municipal Area, due to the 59% presence of National Highway, State Highway, Major / Other District Roads within the town limits. High Dense Commercial Commercial 4% Activity (4.50%) gives a Commercial Tinge to this Municipal Area. Figure 10. Break up of the Developed Area The detailed breakup of the developed and the undeveloped area is given in the table alongside. Developed Area Undeveloped Area (in hectares) (in hectares) Residential 1202.28 Dry Land 407.80 Commercial 91.83 Wet Land 4027.03 Industrial 216.02 Transportation 661.22 Educational 238.74 Water Bodies 3447.60 Public and Semi Public 290.98 Hillock 285.60 Sub Total 2039.85 Sub Total 8829.25

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Comparison of the Existing Master Plan 2005 with the Proposed Land Use Plan 2021

Figure 11. Existing and Proposed Land Use Plan in Tirunelveli

• The comparison of the existing land use plan 2005 with the proposed land use plan for the year 2021, clearly shows that there has been a significant decrease in the agriculture land use and a corresponding increase in the residential land use

• This shows that there might be significant pressure on the existing infrastructure in the future if no considerable improvements are being carried out.

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2.8. Road Network

The total road network of Corporation Area is about 950 Km, out of which 85% of roads under Corporation maintenance and remaining are highways (National highway (NHs), state highway (SHs), Major district Roads (MDRs) and Minor district Roads (ODRs). The city has an irregular road network comprising of major roads, which are almost single lane, intermediate lane, two lanes and four lanes wide. A conspicuous feature of the layout of arteries is that all of them are linked with the main transport artery, the Grand Trunk Road which passes through the heart of the area and hence interlinked with each other.

The road conditions are bad inside the city, but the road capacity is reduced due to the presence of a large number of slow moving vehicles and idle parking. There is a high level of conflict between pedestrians and vehicular traffic in Figure 12. Map showing the road network in Tirunelveli several parts. The city comprises of closely spaced residential areas. The wholesale and retail trade activities are also located in this part of the city which further creates congestion and bottlenecks in the city.

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Length Description Road Maintenance (km) Highway Department NH (National Highway) 15.00 9%

SH (State Highway) 30.30

MDR (Major District Road) 30.30

ODR (Other District Road) 7.00 Corporation 91% Roads maintained by the 857.73 Corporation

Figure 13. Maintenance of Roads Table 4. Length of Road in the City

As evident from the above figure, more than 90% of the roads in the city are under the Corporation

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2.9. Water Supply • 100% Ward Coverage by the Existing Water Supply System

Tirunelveli Municipal Corporation area consists of four- • An average of 116 lpcd of water is supplied through the distinct urban settlements as zones separated by the system in the city agriculture fields. Constituent Local Bodies got its own • Some of the issues in the existing water supply system protected water supply scheme before formation of include: Municipal Corporation in 1994.

➢ Present water sources are inadequate to meet the • 11 Nos. of water supply systems have been implemented present and the future demand under different periods from 1955 to 2005 to the then

Urban Local Bodies viz., Palayamkottai, Melapalayam, ➢ Varying water supply quantity over the city Thachanallur and Tirunelveli

• After 1994, Two water supply schemes were implemented. There are 11 nos of water supply systems with separate Head works, Pumping systems, and Service Reservoirs and Distribution systems. Combined Designed capacity and present quantum of supply is about 67.15 MLD and 23 MLD respectively.

• All the Head works for the 11 systems are located at

Thamirabharani River Figure 14. Map showing the Major Water Head works in the City

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2.10. Sewerage • However the present sewer system is not enough to

The major features of the sewerage system in the city of cater to the future demand

Tirunelveli are as listed below: Details about the Sewer System in Tirunelveli No. Description Details • Existing Under Ground Sewerage System (UGSS) in the 1 Total length of sewer main 187.272 km Corporation was implemented during the year 2005 and a Zone-1 (Tirunelveli Corporation area 17.20 km was covering the main town and Palayam kottai arreas and Pettai) • Small sewerage schemes have been provided in small b Zone-2 (Santhi Nagar, 59 km pockets of newly developing areas like Pothigai Nagar Samathanapuram,Palayamkottai, where in sewage is allowed for open percolation in Maharaja Nagar, Pudupettai and Vannarapettai) vacant lands c Zone-3 (Thiyagaraja Nagar, NGO –A,B,C 96 km • Maharaja Nagar is provided with covered drains which Colony, Perumalpuram & Melepalayam) is discharged onto the vacant lands d Zone-4(TirunelveliJunction,C.N.Village, 15.072 km Meenakshipuram, Sinthupoondurai and • The total area covered under sewerage is 40.02 sq. km. South Balabaghyanagar) which covers 36.8% of the total Corporation area 2 Pumping Main (PSC) 12.55 km

• The total sewer length is 187 km which is around 20% of 3 Total No. of Manholes 7924 nos. the total length of roads in the Corporation 4 Pumping Stations 4 nos. Table 5. Sewer System in Tirunelveli

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2.11. Storm Water Drainage System

• Tirunelveli city has three major canals which carries storm water during rainy season’s viz., Kodagan Channel, Tirunelveli channel and Palayam channel

• A few areas only have been covered by the Storm Water Drainage system of which most of them are inner roads and along the newly constructed PCC roads

• The contours in the city are such that the run off gets directed to the Tamirabharani River

• Some of the issues faced by the system are:

• Deposition of grit

• Blockages in the system

Details about the Storm Water Drainage in the Figure 15. Map showing the gradients in the City Corporation

Zone Length (km) Tirunelveli 87.2

Palayamkottai 84.9 Melapalayam 83.2 Thatchanulur 31.6 Total Length 286.9 Table 6. Storm Water Drainage in the City

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Other Sectors- A Snapshot ✓ Retail shops

2.12. Housing ✓ Private offices and other commercial establishments • Residential area occupies 1202.28 hectares which contributes 58.94% of the developed area and 2.15. Education 11.06% of developed area • Approximately 146 educational institutions most of • Residential developments are mainly concentrated which are maintained by the Private sector in the heart of Tirunelveli town, Pettai, • The Schools are mainly run by the Private sector Kokkirakulam, Vannarapettai and the area between Tiruchendur Road and Trivandrum Road • The Corporation has 23 primary schools, 5 Middle and Higher Secondary Schools 2.13. Slums

• The city has 68 pockets of slums spread across 36 Status of Education- Schools wards out of the 55 wards

• Slum population constitutes nearly one-fourth

(22.55%) of the total population in the Corporation Corporation 33% • Thatchanallur zone has the highest share wherein 40% consists of slum Private 67% 2.14. Commercial

• Commercial institutions in the Corporation can be classified into three categories Table 7. Status of Education- Schools ✓ Wholesale trading centers

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2.16. Health Care

• Corporation maintains two hospitals, four Allopathic dispensaries, two Sidda dispensaries and eight Maternity centers

• The major hospital in the Tirunelveli Corporation area Is the Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital which is located in an extensive area of about 300 acres land

• Majority of the health care facilities are in the Private sector as given in the figure below:

Health Care Facilities

Public 12%

Private 88%

Figure 16. Breakup of Health Care Facilities Figure 17. Map showing the healthcare facilities in Tirunelveli District

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3. Stakeholder Consultation

3.1. Citizen Engagement The objective of the smart city mission is to promote cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and application of ‘Smart’ Solutions. The focus is on sustainable and inclusive development, placing an emphasis on citizen engagement as a significant part of the smart city planning process.

1. Introduction to the Structure of Citizen Engagement

The overall citizen engagement attempts to target and understand the Vision for a Smart Tirunelveli from the four major pillars of the society,

a. Citizens b. Learned Society c. formal & informal sectors d. Associations 2. Key Objectives of Stakeholder engagement (i) To develop a common vision for future development under the smart cities programme

(ii) To identify service areas demanding improvement (iii) Crowd-source solutions for the identified problems Figure 18. Citizen Engagement

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3. Types of Participants Interviewed and Mode(s) of Questions were asked to identify the smart city vision of the interview/discussion citizens. The questions are designed based on identity, icon,

The Smart city guidelines specify Citizen Engagement culture and attitude and by comparison. as an essential part of the planning process. The During this interaction it was felt that the needs of the citizen engagement for Tirunelveli, was started (as residents were divided based on their gender. While men per the recommendations of the Corporation spoke of traffic congestion and lack of employment commissioner) by interacting with residents who opportunities as key issues, the concerns of women were were on their morning walk at V.O.C grounds in irregularity in water supply and poor sanitation in the city. Pallayamkottai. This was an initial dipstick survey Following this a detailed questionnaire was drawn up and undertaken in order to gain a basic understanding of ward wise survey was conducted. the resident’s needs, aims and aspirations before devising a more comprehensive questionnaire. Based on these discussions and review of the secondary literature a SWOT analysis was performed and the city vision a. To develop a common vision for future statement was drawn from the SWOT analysis. The development under the smart cities outcomes of the SWOT analysis and the City Vision are programme outlined below: Participant Type Mode of Outreach Residents Interview Community Semi structured interviews across Tirunelveli City in 46 Major Locations

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Figure 19. SWOT Analysis

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3.2. Developing Smart City Vision

Figure 20. Developing Smart City Vision

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Figure 21. Vision Statement

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b. To identify service areas demanding Corporation interview improvement HNI Includes Social Activists, Open Discussion Rotarians & Major

Businessmen in the City Participant Type Mode of Outreach Non-resident citizens of Discussions Community organizers – Semi-structured Tirunelveli Municipal Corporation of interview Tirunelveli Assistant Engineers of the Semi-structured Municipal Corporation interview The questionnaire used to identify the service areas Community Engagement Open discussion demanding improvement was segmented into two sections. NGOs Interview Chamber of Commerce Semi-structured The first section is a set of questions which intends to serve interview as a warm up session to get people acquainted with the idea Business owners Semi-structured interview of a smart city and set the pace for a more detailed Executive Engineer Semi-structured interview interaction. Inspector of Traffic Police Open Discussion Deputy Commissioner of Semi-structured c. Crowd-source solutions for the identified Traffic interview problems Collector Open Discussion

Deputy Collector of Tirunelveli Open Discussion Superintendent of Police Semi-structured Participant Type Mode of Outreach interview Citizens Facebook Human Rights Activist Semi-structured interview Citizens Email Members of the Press Open Discussion Citizens SMS/ Whatsapp Standing counsel of the Open discussion Municipal Corporation Citizens Phone Calls Students and Learned Open Discussion community Mayor of Tirunelveli Semi-structured

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The Commissioner of Tirunelveli Municipal corporations identified cow/dog menace 4. A summary of the Inputs provided on the city’s vision by and traffic as major problems in the city.

stakeholder type Commissioner The solutions proposed by him for traffic congestion was to re-lay the old road along Type of Vision Inputs (a summary) the banks of the Tamrabarani river. Stakeholder

The interactions with the citizens/ During our meeting the collector residents of the city as interviews, semi- emphasized on implementing an effective structured interviews, open forum Solid waste management system through discussions revealed eight areas as the city by laying stress on source problem theme segregation and using local parks as Collector compost pits. He also sought for a water Citizens Safety concerns, regularization of the discharge monitoring system and a more frequency of water supply and creation of robust e-governance framework for job opportunities were the most Tirunelveli commonly cited. The citizens were mainly

concerned about the safety and security in Impromptu discussions and semi- the city due to the increase in crime and structured interviews with Corporation accident rates over the years. staff have helped determine that The Mayor of Tirunelveli Corporation regularisation of water supply and dealing sought for a greener Tirunelveli which will Other Corporation with traffic congestion at certain key also provide accessible recreation to all staff locations in the city at peak hours is the residents. The Mayor’s vision was to form smart city vision of majority of the staff in one park in each ward and then hand it the city. over to the local residential welfare Mayor associations to be maintained by them. The students and professors in the city Building eco-parks for recreation and expressed their desitre for greater ensuring that government processes Education economic opportunity in the city and for become more citizen friendly were institution (Higher Tirunelveli to emerge as a vibrant identified as priorities. learning) economic node in the southern part of the

state. They also sought greater

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transparency and accountability in the thus eliminating congestion. A subway for governance process pedestrians at the Tirunelveli junction which is a hub of commercial activity as Members of the Chamber of Commerce well as the region where a bus stand and have ascertained that their vision for a the railway station are located will remove smarter Tirunelveli puts ease of doing congestion at this point and reduce business as a top priority. accidents.

Chamber of They also aimed for transparent During our meeting with NGOs operating in Commerce governance and regulated water supply. Tirunelveli city; employment opportunities, Some of the businessmen felt that recreation and irregularity in water supply innovation in agriculture can help improve are the critical problem areas identified by the city as large expanses of land inside the them. city are still used for agriculture. Skill development has been proposed as a The executive engineer of the corporation solution to make all college students job NGO of Tirunelveli sought for the need to build ready as well as reduce the communal recreational infrastructure and multi-level unrest in the city. Cleaning and de-silting of car park facilities to reduce congestion in water bodies was also considered a key Executive Engineer key locations. He also emphasized on the priority. They also proposed involving importance of lay scheme roads to divert NGOs and school students for awareness traffic at strategic traffic congestion points programs on issues relating to public in the city. health and cleanliness.

The DC Traffic identified Traffic congestion Health issues caused by open drainage, in key areas in the city as his major absence of functional street lights in many problem. He said that this was only a areas, bad road conditions and Deputy problem during peak hours and was caused management of domestic waste was the Commissioner of by heavy vehicles crossing the city roads at RWA issues they brought up during the meeting. Traffic all hours. He proposed laying a ring road on One unanimous suggestions was the the north similar to the South Bypass road necessity for more recreation centres. to divert heavy vehicle traffic which now goes through the city into the outskirts and The request was that underground

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drainage systems to be built in all parts of schemes so that the public is directly the city. They also stressed on re-laying of benefitted. bad roads. They also emphasized on the need for Community engagement sessions were greater transparency in governance. organised with the help of community The community organizers spoke of the organisers in three zones of the grievances that residents have brought to Corporation. These meetings were held as them over the years. Irregularity in water open forum discussion for problem supply and Traffic congestion during peaks identification. were the key challenges identified. The traffic problem was observed to be Regularisation of water supply, Community compounded by private players who run Community improvement in the overall safety and Organizers unorganized bus services. Engagement security situation in the city, increased number of street lights and assured Health issues caused by open drainage in functioning of existing street lights, close most parts of the city are another major open drainage and construct underground problem. drainage to combat health issues were some of the key solutions proposed

Lack of recreational activity was pointed out by the High Network Individuals in the city. They proposed parks which can be set What did the Citizens Say? up and maintained by commercial establishments and in public-private partnership models. Sl. No. Sectors Description HNI

They also stressed on the importance of Improve job opportunities in the City awareness programs that can educate by setting up better infrastructure people on management of domestic waste 1 Employment ecosystem for industries and and source segregation of waste as well as keep people informed about government companies in Tirunelveli City

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Law & Order, Improve the overall safety and 2 Safety and security in the city. Decrease in overall Security crime rates in the city

(A) Frequency; (B) Quantity Delivered; 3 Water Supply (C) Water Leakage; (D) Improper Timings (A) Absence of Drainage; (B) Blockage 4 Drainage in Drainage Absence of (A) Parks, (B) Playgrounds; 5 Recreation (C) Public Places Road 6 Improvement in Road Infrastructure Improvement Solid Waste (A) Poor road cleaning; (B) Waste on 7 Management road sides; (C) Lack of Hygiene Connectivity Poor bus frequency; (B) Absence of 8 by public nearby Bus Route transport Traffic Need for alternative roads/routes to 9 Congestion avoid congestion in the city

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Figure 22. Open Group Discussion- Community

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Figure 23. Open Group Discussions- Students and Officials

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3.3. Leadership Engagement

Leadership Engagement included discussions with various officials of the Government and the Civil Society was conducted to identify the sectors for improvement. This is given in the following figure:

Figure 24. Engagement with Leadership

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4. Identifying Sectors for Improvement

Based on the consultations with the citizen and the leadership, the following sectors were for improvement were prioritized.

The sectors which are in Red are accorded High Priority, whereas Orange is for Medium Priority.

Figure 25. Identified Sectors for Improvement based on Citizen and Leadership Engagement

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Pan City Initiatives

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5. Pan City Initiative

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5.1. Employment

Citizen’s access to job/employment was highlighted in the citizen engagement process. Approach to improving various aspects of employment can be classified as three fold approach

A. Demand -

Creating an enabling environment for employers

B. Supply -

Improving the employability of the candidates

C. Eco System

Create an eco system where the demand and supply are matching

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A. Demand

➢ Create an enabling environment for setting up business

➢ Single Window Clearance for Businesses

• Avoiding repetitive submission of same piece of information to various Government agencies

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A. Demand (Contd.)

2) Custom Designed Internship Programmes with the Government / Corporation

• Internship Programmes at various Departments of the Government / Corporation

• Changing role of Government from Facilitator to Employer

• The internships may cover wide range of areas ranging from mapping, data entry, surveys etc.

B. Supply Some of the measures that can be adopted to improve the supply characteristics of the labour market are given below:

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A. Ecosystem ➢ Establishing Labour Management Information System (LMIS) ➢ A single window that provides all information regarding labour market

➢ Has the capability to collect, evaluate and disseminate labour market information to all stakeholders

➢ Can be defined as a market of demand and supply components

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5.2. Emergency Response and Monitoring System (EMRS)

Tirunelveli is vulnerable to a variety of emergencies and anti-social activities with unknown situational variables, unpredictable temporal and spatial constraints that potentially threaten ecosystem in the city. The proposed

pan city initiative involves the establishment of an

Integrated Emergency Monitoring and Response System

(EMRS) which provides a systematic, proactive approach to guide departments to co-ordinate and work seamlessly to prevent protect and respond to emergencies. The system

involves Incident Monitoring, Multiagency Co-ordination and Public Information. EMRS integrates historical and real

time data on incidents and supplementing the City’s

response capabilities. EMRS aims to reduce crime rates, fatalities and ensure citizen safety and security in Tirunelveli City.

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Unified Public Information and Reporting System-

Mobile app and Single window Emergency Call System

Integrates existing reporting system at different department levels and combines them into one single system

GIS based Reporting System—

The incident will be recorded spatially through GIS and nearest point of emergency services would be contacted thereby reducing the response time to attend to the emergency

Historical data would also be recorded to create crime heat maps, fire hazard spots and health care facilities which help the public in better decision making

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5.3. Integrated Water Management Systems Existing Situation:

The Corporation is supplying 116 LPCD, ranking 4th best among other Corporations in water supply in Tamil Nadu. However citizens do not receive sufficient water at the receiving end. The reasons could be attributed to

• Unequal Distribution of Water across the city

• Lack of accountancy and transparency in Water Supply Distribution Levels in the system

One of the main reasons that is causing the unequal distribution of water in the city as identified by the Corporation is due to the variation in pressure in the system. In some areas, there is high

water pressure where as in some areas there is really low pressure. This has been explained in the next page.

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Water Pressure Management

• One of the major reasons for unequal water distribution and leakages is due to the absence of a proper pressure management in the system

• Water pressure management involves adjusting water pressure levels in the water supply system to save water

and improve service levels to the customers Figure 26. Variation of Water Pressure in the Area

• High water pressure results in water main bursts, leaks and Water pressure management is the use of pressure

wastages regulating valves and system monitoring points to achieve more consistent and lower water pressure • Water pressure varies in the zone depending on the levels across the water supply network distance and the elevation with respect to the reservoir

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Figure 27. Critical Point in the Water Distribution System

• In the water distribution system, the critical point (PCP) is the one which has the minimum pressure rate

• Pressure Management Strategies should target this critical point where the pressure is minimum

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• Low cost monitoring units will be

installed at major valve points and critical

pressure points of the water distribution system

• The pressure at these points will be Figure 28. Valve Chamber monitored regularly and adjustments will

be made manually such that an optimum

pressure is maintained at major points

• Critical pressure values will be set in the

software interface and an SMS will be

sent to the concerned valve operator and engineer when the critical pressure has been reached

Figure 29. Interface for Monitoring Pressure in the Water Distribution System

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Figure 30. Automatic SMS Alert Systems to Valve Operators

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• The Water Pressure and Flow Rate readings can be read through the display units

• Pressure Data loggers can be fitted along

with the display unit, typically has a large

memory buffer to store over 81,000 water pressure readings with user defined intervals from 1 per second to more than 1

per year

• Pressure Log Audits can be conducted

monthly once to authenticate the factual

accuracy of Mobile App Image readings sent

daily.

Figure 31. Data Logger

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Figure 32. Dashboard for Central Water Distribution System

A central monitoring dashboard can be made accessible for the Mayor, Collector, Commissioner, Executive Engineer, and the Zonal Engineers to Monitor the entire Water Transmission Network in Tirunelveli City

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5.3.1. Water Quality Management System Water Supply Portal – Mobile App

• All Corporation and Municipalities in Tamil Nadu report water data to the central Water Supply Portal on a daily basis. This data is being monitored by the respective department head in the ULB and the Directorate’s office to monitor the level of service delivery by the City Government.

• However, data like Water Quality is evaluated only once in a month by the TWAD board and/or by King’s Institute of Preventive Medicine Campus, Guindy.

• Parameters like E.Coli needs to be detected at the distribution head before distributing it to the Citizen however the traditional tests take up to 24 hours to obtain results, and are incapable of monitoring pathogens that

needs to be detected in real-time.

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Figure 35. Hydrobox

Figure 33 Water Quality Monitoring- Process HydroBox to measure Temperature, Turbidity,

Conductivity, O2 content, pH, Redox Potential / ORP, Chlorine, Chloroxide, Ozone, Hydrocarbons, NO3,

NO3-N

BioSentry to measure E.coli, Salmonella,

Shigella, Pseudomonas, Legionella

Figure 34. Bio Sentry 53 | P a g e

• The use of integrated and intelligent sensors to operate in real-time, with the ability to recognize and diagnose day-to-day and perhaps minute-to-minute water quality disturbances can monitor water quality through the detection of intentional or operational intrusion events, thus improving water security. • When contamination events are recognized in real-time, a rapid response can minimize the impact of these contamination events and limit the potential for adverse effects

Figure 36. Water Quality Monitoring System Dashboard 54 | P a g e

5.3.2. ICT Enabled Septage Management

• Incorporating Management Information System (MIS) in Septage can help the City

Corporation to monitor and regulate de-

sludging activities as per the Septage Management Guidelines established by Government of Tamil Nadu in 2014

• An illustrative diagram of the monitoring

dashboard is given in the figure alongside

• The detailed MIS System which is prepared can map the household level data across the City. This MIS can further be enhanced for

Property Tax Assessments, Disaster Management Systems, etc.

Figure 37. Illustrative MIS Dashboard for Septage Management

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Area Based Initiatives

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6. Area Based Initiatives

6.1. City Characteristics

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Observations- Tirunelveli City

1. Clear divisions of neighborhoods.

2. Huge disparity in development.

3. High percentage of green between districts.

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City Potential:

• The indigenous features are very strong . • Untapped layers of open space, which could be a unifying factor

• The Network system between the districts and within themselves are very strong

• Presence of a natural Eco-system can be converted to revenue generators for the city

• The availability of large parcels of vacant land within the core, set amidst abundant greenery, well connected roads, has great real estate potential

• Future development can create new layers of revenue, employment and tourism Potential Areas for Area Based Development

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Layered City

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• Based on the various stakeholder consultations including discussions with the Corporation officials, were carried out to

determine the area based interventions in the City • Area based interventions are mainly carried out in three models: ▪ Retrofitting

▪ Redevelopment

▪ Greenfield development • However based on the city characteristics and preliminary stakeholder discussions, green field development will not be possible in the city considering various factors such as availability of land and other socio economic and political factors.

• Hence a Retrofitting and Redevelopment model of area based development is being evaluated for the city

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Figure 38. Areas Identified for Area Based Interventions in Tirunelveli

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I

Programme Convergence for Smart

City Funding

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7. Programme Convergence for Smart City and other programs connected to social infrastructure such as Funding Health, Education and Culture.

The proposed Smart City initiatives viz., Pan city and Area based Comprehensive development occurs in areas by integrating the projects were compared with other Government programmes such physical, institutional, social and economic infrastructure. Many of that maximum benefits can be obtained by the City. the sectoral schemes of the Government converge in this goal, • although the path is different. There is a strong complementarity The City’s present gradient does not allow to have a centralized sewer system as the variation in the gradient is between the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban highly uneven across the city Transformation (AMRUT) and Smart Cities Mission in achieving • Hence to carry the sewage against the gradient, a lot of urban transformation. While AMRUT follows a project-based pumping is needed in the sewer system to counter the slope approach, the Smart Cities Mission follows an area-based strategy. • It is highly uneconomical over the longer periods to sustain this Similarly, great benefit can be derived by seeking convergence of • To cover the entire the city through a centralized sewer other Central and State Government Programs/Schemes with the system requires a very high Operation and Maintenance Smart Cities Mission. At the planning itself the convergence of cost which is highly unsustainable over a long period of various proposed projects of the Smart City Project needs to be explored further by comparing with AMRUT, Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY), Digital India, Skill development, Housing for All, construction of Museums funded by the Culture Department

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Key Contacts

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Key Contacts

Ms. Deepa Karthykeyan Director Athena Infonomics India Private Limited 113-114, 6th Floor, B Block Mena Kampala Arcade Sir Theagaraya Road T. Nagar Chennai – 600 0017 Mobile: +91 99401 74545 Email: [email protected]

Mr. Sridhar Business Development Manager Shah Technical Consultants Private Limited Old No. 43/2, New No.24/6, Vijyaraghava Road T. Nagar Chennai – 600017 Tel: +91 44 28150573, 74 [email protected]

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