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Papers and Posters Presented at the 33Rd Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society the Adams' Mark Hotel, St

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Papers and Posters Presented at the 33Rd Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society the Adams' Mark Hotel, St Papers I-to Friday Morning Papers and Posters Presented at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society The Adams' Mark Hotel, St. Louis, Missouri November 13-15, 1992 ANIMAL LEARNING I PERCEPTION I Rose Garden. Friday Morning. 8:00-9:30 St. Louis Ballroom B, Friday Morning, 8:00-10:00 Chaired by Jennifer J. Higa, Duke University Chairedby Christina A. Burbeck. UniversityofNorthCarolina at ChapelHill 8:00-8:10 (1) 8:00-8:10 (6) Latent Inhibition for Responding. ROGER M. TARPY, Bucknell Mental Rotation Occurs Prior to Response Selection. MARKVAN University, DAVIDJ. PRYBOCK, Arizona State University, & JEAN E. SELST& PIERREJOLICOEUR, University ofWaterloo (read by Pierre ROBERTS, Penn College-Rats were allowed, for various periods of Jolicoeur)-The effectof an orientationmanipulation on a mirror/normal time, to press a lever for which they received no consequence. They judgment concerning a letter was attentuated with increasing overlap were then allowed to press to receive a food reward. The more animals in processing times for the mirror/normal judgment and a preceding pressedduring the preexposureperiod, the lower the rate of subsequent judgment about whether a tone was a high tone or a low tone. The re­ learning. Suchlatentinhibition for responding appearsto dependon total suits are interpreted following Pashler (1992) to indicate that the locus amountof priorexposureto unrewarded leverpressingand iscomparable of the orientation effect occurs prior to the response selection phase of to conventional latentinhibition usingstimuliin severalinteresting ways. information processing. 8:15-8:30 (2) 8:15-8:30 (7) Latent Inhibition From Exposure to Compound Stimuli in Devel­ The Effect of Environmental Pitch011 Apparent Slant. ARNOLD E. oping Rats. DAVID L. McKINZIE, Binghamton University, WEI­ STOPER, CRAIG FRIES, & ABIGAIL BAUTISTA, California State JUNG CHEN, University ofIowa, & NORMAN E. SPEAR, Bingham­ University, Hayward-A rod was viewed in a movable chamber which ton University (read by Norman E. Spear)-Latent inhibition in Pav­ could be variedin pitch. The apparentslant (pitch)of the rod wasjudged lovian conditioning of A was greater in infant rats following prior ex­ by manually setting an unseen slant board to be parallel to the viewed posure to a simultaneous stimulus compound (AB) or a more intense rod. A large effectof environmental (chamber)pitch was found, indicat­ version of A than to A alone or both A and B presented sequentially. ing that slant relativeto the lineof sight (opticslant) was not consciously These effects differ from those observed in adults and suggest an infan­ availableto the subjectseven thoughit must have been usedas one com­ tile disposition for configuring simultaneous compounds and encoding ponent of the judgment. the net result amodally in terms of intensity. 8:35-8:50 (8) 8:35-8:45 (3) Form as lnformation About Scale: Perceiving the Size of Trees. Anticipatory Contrast. Choice. and Devaluation. CHARLESFLA­ GEOFFREY P. BINGHAM, Indiana University-Physical constraints pr0­ HERTY& CYNTHIA COPPOTELLI, Rutgers University-Rats given duce variations in the shapeof biologicalobjectsthat correspondto their brief, daily, sequentialaccess to 0.15%saccharin followed by 32% su­ sizes. We investigated whether two such properties of tree form can be crose consume less saccharin than rats given two access periods to the discriminated and used to evaluate tree height. Observers judged simu­ saccharin. Is this anticipatory contrast effect due to the devaluation of lated tree silhouettes of constant image size. Comparison was made to the initial saccharin solution because it precedes the preferred 32% su­ judgments of realtrees. Tree formconferredan absolute metricon ground crose? Data will be presented from choice tests (saccharin that predicts texture gradients. The horizon ratio was shown to be ineffective as an 32% sucrose versus saccharin that predicts saccharin) and from experi­ alternative source of absolute scale. ments in which the 32% sucrose is devalued after the development of 8:55-9:10 (9) anticipatory contrast. Egocentric Spatial Localization and Swmnation Among Spatially 8:50-9:05 (4) Separated Lines. LEONARD MATIN & WENXUNU, Colwnbia Uni­ Range Effects and Dimensional Contrast With Multidimensional versity-Visually perceivedeye level (VPEL) was measuredin the pres­ Stimuli. JOHN M. HINSON & LINDA R. TENNISON, Washington ence of either one or two parallel pitched-from-verticallinessymmetri­ State University-Pigeons were trained to discriminate one- and two­ cally positioned around the median plane in darkness. Eighty-four dimensional visual stimuli. In some cases, stimulus range was extended combinations of pitch, line length, and location were investigated. The to assess changes in discrimination of unchanged stimulus values. Di­ slope of the VPEUpitch function increased linearly with length in the mensionalcontrast was observed with both unidimensionaland multi­ 30_240 rangeexamined. Summation of influences between line segments dimensional stimuli. Rangeeffects were also observed in both stimulus horizontally separatedby SOD was as great or slightlygreater than sum­ sets. Dimensionalcontrast and range effects in these studiescan be ex­ mation between coextensive line segments. plained in terms of changes in attentional allocation. 9:15-9:30 (10) 9:16-9:25 (5) What Factors Affect Perceptual Interference? JOAN GAY SNOD­ Effects of Food on Rats' Efficient Search of a Radial Ann Maze. GRASS & CHUN RONG LUO, New York University-Perceptua1 in­ W. TIMBERLAKE, W. WHITE, & K. BELL, Indiana University­ terference occurs when prior exposure to a target's partia1 features in­ Timberlakeand White(1990)showedthat deprivedrats searcheda radial hibit its later recognition. Two experiments explored basic parameters arm mazeefficiently in the absenceof any foodon the maze. The present of theeffect, including paradoxical effectsof viewing time. An additional studies examined the effects of up to four arms with food on rats' effi­ fiveexperiments explored the question of whetherinterference occursonly ciency of search, indexed by number of novel arms chosen, repetition for limited sets or whethertheseeffectsare mediated by performance level of food arms, and speed of search. The results indicate an important differences. We found that interference only occurredwhenperformance degree of independence betweenthe determinants of efficientsearchand attained some moderatelevel, in accordance with a connectionist model the ingestion of food. to be described. 439 Friday Morning Papers 11-21 9:35-9:55 (11) LETIERIWORD PROCESSING I The Perception of Object Size is Independent of Object Distance. St. Louis Ballroom D, Friday Morning, 8:00-9:55 RALPH NORMAN HABER, University of Illinois at Chicago , & CHARLES A. LEVIN, Baldwin Wallace Col/ege-Classic theories of Chaired by Susan A. Duffy, Amherst Col/ege size perceptionconsider only distancecues (size-distance invariancehy­ pothesis) and familiarity as determinants, intertwining size and distance 8:00-8:20 (17) perception. In our experiments, subjects' object-sizejudgments are in­ Reading Exception Wonl<i and Pseudowonl<i: Are Two RoutesReally dependentof distance and dependenton familiarity only if all tokens of N~? DAVIDC. PLAUT, JAMES L. McCLELLAND, Carnegie­ each of the objects have the same size. Distancejudgments are indepen­ Mel/on University, & MARKS. SEIDENBERG, University ofSouthern dent of size, exceptwhen distanceinformation is impaired, and then only California (read by James L. McCleUand)-Many theoristsclaimthat ap­ for objects with size-invariant tokens. plying linguistic transformations to novel items requires rules and that handling exceptions requires a lexicon. Connectionist models have REPETITION/PRIMING EFFECTS I challenged this "dual route" assumption but have not performed well St. Louis Ballroom C, Friday Morning, 8:00-9:50 enoughwithnovelitems. We trained three different models to read a corpus of 2,998 words. All learned the corpus, including the exceptions, and Chaired by Betty Ann Levy, McMaster University all read nonwords muchbetterthan previous models. We discuss the " dual route" assumption in light of the results. 8:00-8:20 (12) On the Demi<ie of Automaticity. MARILYN CHAPNIK SMITH, Uni­ 8:25-8:45 (18) versityofToronto, DEREKBESNER, University ofWaterloo,& HIROTO What Eye Fixations Tell Us About Phonological Recoding During MIYOSHI, University ofToronto-The receivedview is that activation Reading. MEREDYTIIDANEMAN, EYAL M. REINGOLD, University of a word's internal representation leads to an automaticspread of acti­ ofToronto, Erindale College, & MURRAY STAlNTON, York Univer­ vation to relatedrepresentations, even if subjectsare unableto report the sity-Evidence for phonological recoding during reading has depended prime. The present experiments show that this account cannot be cor­ on paradigms requiring subjectsto perform a secondary task (e.g., lexi­ rect. The contextin whichthe prime is presented determineswhetherse­ cal decision, meaningfulness judgments) whilereading. Our subjects simply mantic priming occurs. read text for comprehension, and their eye movements were monitored 8:25-8:45 (13) for disruptions when encountering homophonic versus nonhomophonic DissociativeMediated, Backward and Forward Priming for Lexi­ errors (He wore blew/blow jeans). Homophones were no less disruptive cal Decisions. JAMES H. NEELY & JOSHUA SLOAT, SUNY at when initially encountered, but they were faster to repair. We discuss Albany-For lexicaldecisions,
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