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Multi-Network Exotic Plant Monitoring Protocol and Standard National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Multi-Network Exotic Plant Monitoring Protocol and Standard Operating Procedures A collaboration among the Southern Plains, Chihuahuan Desert and Sonoran Desert Networks Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SOPN/NRTR—2011/XXX ON THE COVER (Description of image/photo used on front cover [Times New Roman 9-point font]) Photograph by: (name of person or courtesy of name of park [Times New Roman 9-point font] Multi-Network Exotic Plant Monitoring Protocol and Standard Operating Procedures A collaboration among the Southern Plains, Chihuahuan Desert and Sonoran Desert Networks Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SOPN/NRTR—2011/XXX Tomye Folts-Zettner and Heidi Sosinski National Park Service, Southern Plains Network P O Box 329 Johnson City, TX 78636 Robert Bennetts National Park Service, Southern Plains Network P O Box 40 DesMoines, NM 88418 Kirsten Gallo and Missy Powell National Park Service, Chihuahuan Desert Network NMSU, MSC 3ARP Las Cruces, NM 88003 Sarah Studd and Kristen Beaupre National Park Service, Sonoran Desert Network 7660 E. Broadway Blvd, Ste 303 Tucson, AZ 85710 April 2011 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. [Peer review manager: insert one of the following peer review qualifying statements below – 1 & 2 can be combined:] 1. This report received informal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data. 2. Data in this report were collected and analyzed using methods based on established, peer- reviewed protocols and were analyzed and interpreted within the guidelines of the protocols. 3. This report received formal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data, and whose background and expertise put them on par technically and scientifically with the authors of the information. 4. This report received formal, high-level peer review based on the importance of its content, or its potentially controversial or precedent-setting nature. Peer review was conducted by highly qualified individuals with subject area technical expertise and was overseen by a peer review manager. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the National Park Service. This report is available from [Your Network/Division etc. and URL] and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/NRPM). [This paragraph can be modified to meet your specific needs]. Please cite this publication as: Folts-Zettner, T., R. Bennetts, K. Gallo, S. Studd, M. Powell, K. Beaupre, and H. Sosinski. 2011. Multi-Network Exotic Plant Monitoring Protocol and Standard Operating Procedures : A collaboration among the Southern Plains, Chihuahuan Desert and Sonoran Desert Networks Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SOPN/NRTR—2011/XXX. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS XXXXXX, Month Year ii Contents Figures ………………………………………………………………………………………..……………….. v Tables ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….vi SECTION 1: PROTOCOL NARRATIVE 1 Background and Objectives ……………………………………………………………………………… 1 1.1 Issues Being Addressed and Rationale …………………………………………………….. 1 1.2 Overview of Exotics and Monitoring at Network Parks ……………………………………. 2 1.3 Measurable Objectives for the Exotic Plant Protocol ……………………………………… 5 2 Sampling Design ………………………………………………………………………….………………. 5 2.1 A hierarchical Four-Tiered Approach ………………………...……………………………... 6 3. Field Methods …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8 3.1 Sampling Along Vectors with High Potential for Invasion (Tier 1) ……………………….. 8 3.2 Field Season Preparation, Schedule and Equipment …………………………………….. 9 3.3 Establishing and Measuring Monitored Vectors ……….………………………………… 10 3.4 Field Sampling Steps ………………………………………..……………………………… 11 3.5 Ancillary Data Collection ……………………………………………………………………. 12 3.6 End-of-Season Procedures ………………………………………………………………… 13 4 Data Management ………………………………………………………………………………………. 13 4.1 Data organization ……………………………………………………………………………. 14 4.2 Data model …………………………………………………………………………………… 14 4.3 Data-entry procedures ………………………………………………………………………. 14 4.4 Data-certification process …………………………………………………………………… 15 4.5 Metadata procedures ………………………………………………………………………… 15 4.6 Product integration and distribution ………………………………………………………… 16 4.7 Data maintenance and archiving …………………………………………………………… 16 5 Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16 5.1 Annual Data Summaries …………………………………………………………………….. 16 5.2 Generalized Linear Modeling Approach for Trend Detection ……………………………. 16 6 Reporting ………………………………………………………………………………………………...... 18 6.1 Hierarchical Reporting ……………………………………………………………………….. 18 6.2 Reporting of Spatial Data via the IMR Interactive Map Server ………………………….. 21 7 Personnel and Training ……………………………………………………………………………..…… 21 7.1 Roles and Responsibilities ……………………………………………………………..…… 21 7.2 Qualifications and Training ……………………………………………………………….… 22 8 Continual Improvement …………………………………………………………………………………. 23 8.1 Review Process ……………………………………………………………………………… 24 8.2 Process for Change …………………………………………………………………………. 24 8.3 Revising the Protocol ……………………...………………………………………………… 25 9 References ……….………………………………………………………………………………………. 26 iii SECTION 2: STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES SOP #1: Field preparation and equipment list …………………………………………………… 2-1 SOP #2: Using a GPS ……………………………………………………………………………… 2-2 SOP #3: Photographing vectors ………………………………….……………………………….. 2-3 SOP #4: Methods for collecting vector data ……………………………………………………… 2-4 SOP #5: Management of unidentified taxa (Unknowns) ………………………………………... 2-5 SOP #6: Collecting plant voucher specimen …………………………………………………….. 2-6 SOP #7: Daily data management …………………………………………………………………. 2-7 SOP #8: Using TDS RECON to conduct data collection and mapping: global operating procedure ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 2-8 SOP #9: Data management ……………………………………………………………………….. 2-9 SOP #10:Protocol revision …………………………………………………………………………2-10 SECTION 3: APPENDICES Appendix A: Overview of exotics and monitoring in Southern Plains Network parks ……….. A-1 Appendix B: Overview of exotics and monitoring in Chihuahuan Desert Network parks …… B-1 Appendix C: Overview of exotics and monitoring in Sonoran Desert Network parks ……….. C-1 Appendix D: Three network exotic plant comparison …………………………………………... D-1 iv Figures Page Figure 1.2.1 Parks in the Southern Plains Network …………………………………………………………. 3 Figure 1.2.2 Parks in the Sonoran Desert Network …………………………………………………………. 4 Figure 1.2.3 Parks in the Chihuahuan Desert Network …………………….………………………………. 5 Figure 2.1.1 A basic three-year rotating panel revisit design where a full sample of each park is completed and repeated every three years …………………………………………………………………………… 7 Figure 3.1. Fifty meter blocks are sampled on each side of a vector (e.g., roads and trails) in each of 4 distance classes from the vector ……………………………………….…………………………………. 8 Figure 3.2 Alternate transect establishment for boundaries ……………………………………………… 11 Figure 6.1-1. The home page of the Learning Center of the American Southwest enables navigation via a given resource or via a given park unit or network ……………………….……………………………. 19 Figure 8-1. The quality assurance triangle. Adapted from the USFS …………………………………….. 23 v Tables Page Table 2.1. The four hierarchical tiers of sampling, also showing the corresponding target population and responsible unit ………………………………………………………………………….……………………. 6 Table 6.1. Hierarchy of primary products produced for the Learning Center of the American Southwest……………………………………………………………………………………………….……. 20 Table 7.1. Roles, responsibilities and minimum qualifications of the primary positions of this project…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 22 vi 1 Background and Objectives 1.1 Issues Being Addressed and Rationale Globalization of commerce, transportation, human migration, and recreation in recent history has introduced invasive exotic species to new areas at an unprecedented rate. Biogeographical barriers that once restricted the location and expansion of species have been circumvented, culminating in the homogenization of the Earth’s biota. Although only 10%
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