Sodium Channel Blocking (SCB) Activity and Transformation of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) by Dinoflagellate-Associated Bacteria
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The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. -
Toxicity Equivalence Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs TECHNICAL PAPER
JOINT FAO/WHO Toxicity Equivalency Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs TECHNICAL PAPER Cover photograph: © FAOemergencies JOINT FAO/WHO Toxicity equivalence factors for marine biotoxins associated with bivalve molluscs TECHNICAL PAPER FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ROME, 2016 Recommended citation: FAO/WHO. 2016. Technical paper on Toxicity Equivalency Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs. Rome. 108 pp. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) or of the World Health Organization (WHO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these are or have been endorsed or recommended by FAO or WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by FAO and WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall FAO and WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. -
Mote Marine Laboratory Red Tide Studies
MOTE MARINE LABORATORY RED TIDE STUDIES FINAL REPORT FL DEP Contract MR 042 July 11, 1994 - June 30, 1995 Submitted To: Dr. Karen Steidinger Florida Marine Research Institute FL DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 100 Eighth Street South East St. Petersburg, FL 33701-3093 Submitted By: Dr. Richard H. Pierce Director of Research MOTE MARINE LABORATORY 1600 Thompson Parkway Sarasota, FL 34236 Mote Marine Laboratory Technical Report No. 429 June 20, 1995 This document is printed on recycled paper Suggested reference Pierce RH. 1995. Mote Marine Red Tide Studies July 11, 1994 - June 30, 1995. Florida Department of Environmental Pro- tection. Contract no MR 042. Mote Marine Lab- oratory Technical Report no 429. 64 p. Available from: Mote Marine Laboratory Library. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. SUMMARY. 1 II. CULTURE MAINTENANCE AND GROWTH STUDIES . 1 Ill. ECOLOGICAL INTERACTION STUDIES . 2 A. Brevetoxin Ingestion in Black Seabass B. Evaluation of Food Carriers C. First Long Term (14 Day) Clam Exposure With Depuration (2/6/95) D. Second Long Term (14 Day) Clam Exposure (3/21/95) IV. RED TIDE FIELD STUDIES . 24 A. 1994 Red Tide Bloom (9/16/94 - 1/4/95) B. Red Tide Bloom (4/13/94 - 6/16/95) C. Red Tide Pigment D. Bacteriological Studies E. Brevetoxin Analysis in Marine Organisms Exposed to Sublethal Levels of the 1994 Natural Red Tide Bloom V. REFERENCES . 61 Tables Table 1. Monthly Combined Production and Use of Laboratory C. breve Culture. ....... 2 Table 2. Brevetoxin Concentration in Brevetoxin Spiked Shrimp and in Black Seabass Muscle Tissue and Digestive Tract Following Ingestion of the Shrimp ............... -
The Florida Red Tide Dinoflagellate Karenia Brevis
G Model HARALG-488; No of Pages 11 Harmful Algae xxx (2009) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Harmful Algae journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/hal Review The Florida red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis: New insights into cellular and molecular processes underlying bloom dynamics Frances M. Van Dolah a,*, Kristy B. Lidie a, Emily A. Monroe a, Debashish Bhattacharya b, Lisa Campbell c, Gregory J. Doucette a, Daniel Kamykowski d a Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Resarch, Charleston, SC, United States b Department of Biological Sciences and Roy J. Carver Center for Comparative Genomics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States c Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States d Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The dinoflagellate Karenia brevis is responsible for nearly annual red tides in the Gulf of Mexico that Available online xxx cause extensive marine mortalities and human illness due to the production of brevetoxins. Although the mechanisms regulating its bloom dynamics and toxicity have received considerable attention, Keywords: investigation into these processes at the cellular and molecular level has only begun in earnest during Bacterial–algal interactions the past decade. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in our understanding of the Cell cycle cellular and molecular biology on K. brevis. Several molecular resources developed for K. brevis, including Dinoflagellate cDNA and genomic DNA libraries, DNA microarrays, metagenomic libraries, and probes for population Florida red tide genetics, have revolutionized our ability to investigate fundamental questions about K. -
Ciguatera: Current Concepts
Ciguatera: Current concepts DAVID Z. LEVINE, DO Ciguatera poisoning develops unraveling the diagnosis may prove difficult. after ingestion of certain coral reef-asso Although the syndrome has been known for at ciated fish. With travel to and from the least hundreds of years, its mechanisms are tropics and importation of tropical food only beginning to be elucidated. Effective treat fish increasing, ciguatera has begun to ments have just begun to emerge. appear in temperate countries with more Ciguatera is a major public health prob frequency. The causative agents are cer lem in the tropics, with probably more than tain varieties of the protozoan dinofla 30,000 poisonings yearly in Puerto Rico and gellate Gambierdiscus toxicus, but bacte the US Virgin Islands alone. The endemic area ria associated with these protozoa may is bounded by latitudes 37° north and south. have a role in toxin elaboration. A specif Ciguatera in temperate countries is a concern ic "ciguatoxin" seems to cause the symptoms, because people returning from business trips, but toxicosis may also be a result of a fam vacations, or living in the tropics may have ily of toxins. Toxicosis develops from 10 been poisoned through food they had eaten. minutes to 30 hours after ingestion of poi The development of worldwide marketing of soned fish, and the syndrome can include fish from a variety of ecosystems creates a dan gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms, ger of ciguatera intoxication in climates far as well as chills, sweating, pruritus, brady removed from sandy beaches and waving·palms. cardia, tachycardia, and long-lasting weak Outbreaks have been reported in Vermont, ness and fatigue. -
Assessing the Potential for Range Expansion of the Red Tide Algae Karenia Brevis
Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations HCAS Student Theses and Dissertations 8-7-2020 Assessing the Potential for Range Expansion of the Red Tide Algae Karenia brevis Edward W. Young Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hcas_etd_all Part of the Marine Biology Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Edward W. Young. 2020. Assessing the Potential for Range Expansion of the Red Tide Algae Karenia brevis. Capstone. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, . (13) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hcas_etd_all/13. This Capstone is brought to you by the HCAS Student Theses and Dissertations at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Capstone of Edward W. Young Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Marine Science Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Arts and Sciences August 2020 Approved: Capstone Committee Major Professor: D. Abigail Renegar, Ph.D. Committee Member: Robert Smith, Ph.D. This capstone is available at NSUWorks: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hcas_etd_all/13 Nova Southeastern Univeristy Halmos College of Arts and Sciences Assessing the Potential for Range Expansion of the Red Tide Algae Karenia brevis By Edward William Young Submitted to the Faculty of Halmos College of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science with a specialty in: Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University September 8th, 2020 1 Table of Contents 1. -
Algal Toxic Compounds and Their Aeroterrestrial, Airborne and Other Extremophilic Producers with Attention to Soil and Plant Contamination: a Review
toxins Review Algal Toxic Compounds and Their Aeroterrestrial, Airborne and other Extremophilic Producers with Attention to Soil and Plant Contamination: A Review Georg G¨аrtner 1, Maya Stoyneva-G¨аrtner 2 and Blagoy Uzunov 2,* 1 Institut für Botanik der Universität Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; [email protected] 2 Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 blvd. Dragan Tsankov, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; mstoyneva@uni-sofia.bg * Correspondence: buzunov@uni-sofia.bg Abstract: The review summarizes the available knowledge on toxins and their producers from rather disparate algal assemblages of aeroterrestrial, airborne and other versatile extreme environments (hot springs, deserts, ice, snow, caves, etc.) and on phycotoxins as contaminants of emergent concern in soil and plants. There is a growing body of evidence that algal toxins and their producers occur in all general types of extreme habitats, and cyanobacteria/cyanoprokaryotes dominate in most of them. Altogether, 55 toxigenic algal genera (47 cyanoprokaryotes) were enlisted, and our analysis showed that besides the “standard” toxins, routinely known from different waterbodies (microcystins, nodularins, anatoxins, saxitoxins, cylindrospermopsins, BMAA, etc.), they can produce some specific toxic compounds. Whether the toxic biomolecules are related with the harsh conditions on which algae have to thrive and what is their functional role may be answered by future studies. Therefore, we outline the gaps in knowledge and provide ideas for further research, considering, from one side, Citation: G¨аrtner, G.; the health risk from phycotoxins on the background of the global warming and eutrophication and, ¨а Stoyneva-G rtner, M.; Uzunov, B. -
Screening of Human Phycotoxin Poisoning Symptoms in Coastal Communities of Nigeria: Socio-Economic Consideration of Harmful Algal Blooms
Journal of Environmental Protection, 2020, 11, 718-734 https://www.scirp.org/journal/jep ISSN Online: 2152-2219 ISSN Print: 2152-2197 Screening of Human Phycotoxin Poisoning Symptoms in Coastal Communities of Nigeria: Socio-Economic Consideration of Harmful Algal Blooms M. O. Kadiri1, E. M. Denise2, J. U. Ogbebor3*, A. O. Omoruyi4, S. Isagba1, S. D. Ahmed5, T. E. Unusiotame-Owolagba6 1Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria 2Department of Botany & Ecological Studies, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria 3Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria 4Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria 5Department of Medicine, Irrua Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria 6Department of Marine Environment & Pollution Control, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Warri South-West L. G. A., Delta State, Nigeria How to cite this paper: Kadiri, M.O., Abstract Denise, E.M., Ogbebor, J.U., Omoruyi, A.O., Isagba, S., Ahmed, S.D. and Unusi- A screening of human phycotoxin poisoning symptoms was done in the coastal otame-Owolagba, T.E. (2020) Screening of communities of Nigeria, every quarter for one year, using structured ques- Human Phycotoxin Poisoning Symptoms tionnaires. A multi-stage sampling technique consisting of cluster, snowbal- in Coastal Communities of Nigeria: So- cio-Economic Consideration of Harmful ling, convenience purposive and random sampling was applied in the study. Algal Blooms. Journal of Environmental Based on the responses, a total of 17 Harmful algal toxin-related poisoning Protection, 11, 718-734. symptoms were recorded from respondents, who experienced these symptoms https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2020.119044 from seafood consumption. -
Characterization of the Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium Psychrophilum Towards Diagnostic and Vaccine Development
Characterization of the Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum towards Diagnostic and Vaccine Development Elizabeth Mary Crump B. Sc., University of St. Andrews, Scotland, 1995 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology O Elizabeth Mary Crump, 2003 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopying or other means, without the permission of the author. Supervisor: Dr. W.W. Kay Abstract Flavobacteria are a poorly understood and speciated group of commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens. The psychrophile, Flavobacterium psychrophilum, is the etiological agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) and bacterial cold water disease (BCWD), septicaemic diseases which heavily impact salmonids. These diseases have been controlled with limited success by chemotherapy, as no vaccine is commercially available. A comprehensive study of F. psychrophilum was carried out with respect to growth, speciation and antigen characterization, culminating in successful recombinant vaccines trials in rainbow trout fry. Two verified but geographically diverse isolates were characterized phenotypically and biochemically. A growth medium was developed which improved the growth of F. psychrophilum, enabling large scale fermentation. A PCR-based typing system was devised which readily discriminated between closely related species and was verified against a pool of recent prospective isolates. In collaborative work, LPS O- antigen was purified and used to generate specific polyclonal rabbit antisera against F. psychrophilum. This antiserum was used to develop diagnostic ELISA and latex bead agglutination tests for F. psychrophilum. F. psychrophilum was found to be enveloped in a loosely attached, strongly antigenic outer layer comprised of a predominant, highly immunogenic, low MW carbohydrate antigen, as well as several protein antigens. -
Assessing Disease Impacts of Hatcheries on Downstream Salmonids in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Michelle Jakaitis for the degree of Master of Science in Microbiology presented on November 4th, 2014. Title: Assessing Disease Impacts of Hatcheries on Downstream Salmonids in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon. Abstract approved: ____________________________________________________________ Jerri L. Bartholomew Hatcheries are often perceived as a source of pathogen amplification, potentially increasing disease risk to free-ranging populations; at the same time, free-ranging fishes may introduce pathogens into hatcheries through untreated water sources. Many pathogens exist naturally within the environment (with the exception of introduced pathogens) and the presence of a pathogen does not guarantee infection or disease (Naish, Taylor III, Levin, Quinn, Winton, Huppert & Hilborn 2007). Infections can be acute, chronic, or asymptomatic, fish may die, recover, or become carriers (Naish et al. 2007), and pathogens may be shed from any of these stages (Scottish Executive 2002). Most salmon and trout hatcheries along the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, USA, utilize an untreated river water supply for their rearing ponds and release this water, untreated, back into the river. This creates a potential for waterborne pathogens present in free-ranging hosts to be transmitted through the water supply to hatchery populations. Moreover, any hatchery epizootic can amplify pathogens and release these into the water, which could have a direct impact on free- ranging populations exposed to those pathogens in hatchery effluent. The goal of this thesis was to assess transmission of the pathogens Flavobacterium columnare, F. psychrophilum, Aeromonas salmonicida, Renibacterium salmonicida, and Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV), at selected hatcheries in the Willamette River Basin. To accomplish this, I considered historical data and hatchery-specific and pathogen-specific factors involved in transmission and disease. -
A Genomic Journey Through a Genus of Large DNA Viruses
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Virology Papers Virology, Nebraska Center for 2013 Towards defining the chloroviruses: a genomic journey through a genus of large DNA viruses Adrien Jeanniard Aix-Marseille Université David D. Dunigan University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] James Gurnon University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Irina V. Agarkova University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Ming Kang University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/virologypub Part of the Biological Phenomena, Cell Phenomena, and Immunity Commons, Cell and Developmental Biology Commons, Genetics and Genomics Commons, Infectious Disease Commons, Medical Immunology Commons, Medical Pathology Commons, and the Virology Commons Jeanniard, Adrien; Dunigan, David D.; Gurnon, James; Agarkova, Irina V.; Kang, Ming; Vitek, Jason; Duncan, Garry; McClung, O William; Larsen, Megan; Claverie, Jean-Michel; Van Etten, James L.; and Blanc, Guillaume, "Towards defining the chloroviruses: a genomic journey through a genus of large DNA viruses" (2013). Virology Papers. 245. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/virologypub/245 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Virology, Nebraska Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Virology Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Adrien Jeanniard, David D. Dunigan, James Gurnon, Irina V. Agarkova, Ming Kang, Jason Vitek, Garry Duncan, O William McClung, Megan Larsen, Jean-Michel Claverie, James L. Van Etten, and Guillaume Blanc This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ virologypub/245 Jeanniard, Dunigan, Gurnon, Agarkova, Kang, Vitek, Duncan, McClung, Larsen, Claverie, Van Etten & Blanc in BMC Genomics (2013) 14. -
Is Yessotoxin the Main Phycotoxin in Croatian Waters?
Mar. Drugs 2010, 8, 460-470; doi:10.3390/md8030460 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Article Is Yessotoxin the Main Phycotoxin in Croatian Waters? Živana Ninčević Gladan 1,*, Ivana Ujević 1, Anna Milandri 2, Ivona Marasović 1, Alfiero Ceredi 2, Silvia Pigozzi 2, Jasna Arapov 1, Sanda Skejić 1, Stjepan Orhanović 3 and Igor Isajlović 1 1 Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šet. I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia; E-Mails: [email protected] (I.U.); [email protected] (I.M.); [email protected] (J.A.); [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (I.I.) 2 Fondazione Centro Ricerche Marine National Reference Laboratory on Marine Biotoxins, 47042 Cesenatico, Italy; E-Mails: [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (S.P.) 3 Faculty of Science, University of Split, Teslina 12, 21000 Split, Croatia; E-Mail: [email protected] (S.O.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +385 21 408015; Fax: +385 21 358650. Received: 21 January 2010; in revised form: 8 February 2010 / Accepted: 20 February 2010 / Published: 5 March 2010 Abstract: With the aim of investigating whether yessotoxin (YTX) is responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) events in Croatian waters, three different methods were combined: a modified mouse bioassay (MBA) that discriminates YTX from other DSP toxins, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among 453 samples of mussels and seawater analyzed in 2007, 10 samples were DSP positive.