Part 2 0F Lc Crt Manual

PART 2 0F LC CRT MANUAL

LINCOLN COUNTY FIRE AND RESCUE ASSOCIATION AND LINCOLN COUNTY CRISIS RESPONSE TEAM GUIDELINES

FOR SERIOUS INJURIES/LODD INVESTIGATION –

FUNERALS AND MEMORIALS

1 Serious Injuries Investigations Funeral and Memorials Guidelines Manual

June 2014

Volume 2 of 2

Chapter 1: Introduction for Fire Department, Rescue and EMS Serious Injuries Investigations -- Funerals and Memorials ...... 14 Departmental Administrative Duties ...... 15 Family’s Desires ...... 15 For Help in Dealing with an Emergency Worker Who has been Seriously Injured see Chapter 3 ...... 16 Funeral Planning ...... 17 Critical Incident Stress Management ...... 18 Signs of Grief – What changes in an individual to look ...... 19 Checklist to help plan for events before they happen...... 20 Some key positions that need to be felled ...... 21 Chapter 2: Emergency Service Funeral and Memorial Definitions ...... 24 Chapter 3: General Guidelines – Serious Injuries Investigations ...... 35 Departmental Administrative Duties ...... 35 Pre-Incident Planning ...... 36 Photographs ...... 36 Department Chaplain ...... 36 Hospitals and Directors of the Hospitals ...... 36 Local Support Agencies ...... 37 Uniform Clothing and Equipment ...... 37 Essential Positions during the Hospital Stay ...... 37 Watch Detail ...... 38 Checklist to help plan for events before they happen...... 38 Some key positions that need to be felled ...... 39 Fire Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director ...... 39 Chief of Operations (If applicable) ...... 42 Shift Commander / Incident Commander ...... 43 Chaplain ...... 44 Notification Officer ...... 45 Five Principles of Notification ...... 46 Injury from a Crisis Response Precept ...... 47 Department Serious Injury Notification Flow Chart ...... 57 Coordinator Officer ...... 58 Hospital Liaison Officer ...... 58

Public Information Officer (PIO)...... 59 Family Liaison Officer ...... 63 Transportation Officer ...... 64 Culinary Officer ...... 65 Auditing Officer ...... 66 Accident Investigation ...... 67 Day of the Incident and afterwards - Investigations of a Serious Injury ...... 77 Toxicology ...... 78 Personal Protective Equipment ...... 78 Emergency Service Workers’ Health ...... 79 Trends in Serious Injuries ...... 79 Procedures to Follow for Serious Injury Initial Action Plan ...... 79 Incidents Requiring Emergency Medical Treatment: ...... 82 Procedures to Follow for Exposure to Hazards Environments ...... 84 Occupational Aspects of Emergency Service of Specific Injuries ...... 85 APPENDICES ...... 87 Appendix 3 – A: Support and Contact Information Worksheet ...... 88 Appendix 3 – B: Procedures to Follow for Emergency Services Serious Injury Investigation Protocol ...... 91 Appendix 3 – C: Serious Injury Initial Action Flow Chart ...... 95 Appendix 3 – D: Serious Injury Investigation of ESW Information Checklist ...... 96 Appendix 3 – E: Serious Injury Investigation of ESW Contact Checklist ...... 97 Appendix 3 – F: Serious Injury Action Checklist ...... 98 Appendix 3 – G: Injury Investigation Checklist–Initial Information ...... 99 Appendix 3 – H: Instructions for Report of Injury Form ...... 100 Your members/employees may use this form to report all work related injuries, illnesses, or “near miss” events (which could have caused an injury or illness) – no matter how minor. This helps you to identify and correct hazards before they cause serious injuries. This form should be completed by members/employees as soon as possible and given to a supervisor for further action...... 100 Appendix 3 – H: Member/Employee’s Report of Injury Form Instructions : ...... 101 Appendix 3 – I: Incident Investigation Report (to be completed by supervisor) ...... 102 Appendix 3 – J: Incident Investigation Report # 1 ...... 103 Appendix 3 – K: Checklist When Reporting to Labor & Industries ...... 107 Appendix 3 – L: Injury Investigation Checklist–Safety Equipment ...... 108 Appendix 3 – M: Injury Investigation Checklist–Specialized Equipment ...... 109 Appendix 3 – N: Injury Investigation Checklist–Vehicle Information ...... 110 Chapter 4: General Guidelines - LODD ...... 112 Departmental Administrative Duties ...... 112 Pre-Incident Planning ...... 113 Photographs ...... 113 Department Chaplain ...... 113 Funeral Directors ...... 113

Florists ...... 114 Local Support Agencies ...... 114 Ceremonial Clothing and Equipment ...... 115 Essential Positions during the Funeral and Memorial ...... 115 Serve Weather Watches and Warnings ...... 116 Honor Guard and Color Guard ...... 116 Line of Duty Funeral ...... 117 Station Preparations ...... 118 Day of Funeral ...... 120 Memorial Fund ...... 121 Memorial Fund Other Considerations ...... 121 Incidents Requiring Emergency Medical Treatment: ...... 122 APPENDICES ...... 123 Appendix 4 – A: Severe Weather Watches and Warnings Definitions ...... 124 Chapter 5: Funeral Types and Level of Service Provided for Each...... 126 Definitions to help determine the type and level of service ...... 127 Type One / Level One Service ...... 128 Type One / Level One Service Guidelines for the Funeral / Memorial Service for Line of Duty Death .... 129 Type Two / Level Two Service ...... 131 Type Two / Level Two Service Guidelines for the Funeral / Memorial Service for Off Duty Death ...... 132 Type Three / Level Three Service ...... 134 Type Three / Level Three Service Guidelines for the Funeral / Memorial Service for Active-non Uniformed or Retired Member ...... 135 Type Four / Level Four Service ...... 137 Type Five / Level Five Service ...... 138 Type Six / Level Six Service ...... 139 Chapter 6: Funeral or Memorial Service Planning Considerations ...... 143 Honor Guard ...... 143 Casket Watch Procedures ...... 146 Watch Guard Initial Post ...... 147 Casket Watch Initial Posting Arrival ...... 148 Casket Watch Initial Posting: Guards Posting ...... 149 Casket Watch Initial Posting: Guards and WC turn together, WC departs ...... 150 Watch Initial Posting ...... 151

Watch Guard Change ...... 152 Casket Watch Guard Change: Entrance ...... 153 Casket Watch Guard Change: New Guards Arrival ...... 154 Casket Watch Guard Change: Old Guards Move Inward ...... 155 Casket Watch Guard Change: Old Guards and WC Salute Flag and Depart ...... 156 Watch Guard Final Watch ...... 157 Final Watch: WC Arrival ...... 158 Final Watch: Final Salute of the Flag ...... 159 Final Watch: Departure ...... 160 Presenting the Colors ...... 161 Posting the Colors ...... 165 Retiring the Colors ...... 168 Flag Etiquette ...... 171 Folding the Colors ...... 172 Taps ...... 181 Firing Squad ...... 181 Procession ...... 182 Caisson ...... 183 Flower Car ...... 184 Formations ...... 185 Transportation ...... 186 Meals ...... 186 Initial Support ...... 186 Musical Selections ...... 187 Crossed Aerial Ladders ...... 188 Static Equipment Displays ...... 188 Burial in Uniform ...... 189 Presentation of Department Badge ...... 189 Closed Casket ...... 189 Walkthrough ...... 189 Post-Service Reception ...... 190 Memorial Fund ...... 190 Flags at Half-Staff ...... 191 Badge Shrouding...... 192

Flag Presentation ...... 193 Bunting ...... 193 Media Participation ...... 194 Reception ...... 194 Department Funeral Flow Chart ...... 194 Department Funeral Plan Flow Chart Sample ...... 195 Chapter 7: Key Assignments for Emergency Service Serious Injuries and Deaths ...... 198 Key Positions Introduction ...... 198 Fire Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director ...... 198 Chief of Operations (If applicable) ...... 202 Shift Commander / Incident Commander ...... 203 Chaplain ...... 204 Survivor Action Officer ...... 205 Notification Officer ...... 207 Six Principles of Notification ...... 207 Death Notification from a Crisis Response Precept ...... 209 Sample Death Notice ...... 221 Sample Intra - Department Memorandum ...... 223 Department Death Notification Flow Chart ...... 224 Coordinator Officer ...... 225 Hospital Liaison Officer ...... 226 Public Information Officer (PIO)...... 227 Family Liaison Officer ...... 231 The Event Coordinator ...... 234 Funeral / Memorial Officer...... 238 Sample layout for a Visitation Service ...... 239 Procession Officer ...... 240 Sample 1 of Funeral Procession...... 243 Sample 2 of Funeral Procession...... 244 Sample 3 of Funeral Possession Marching – when walking...... 245 Sample 4 Funeral Processional – Marching (Vehicles included) ...... 246 Service / Church Officer ...... 247 Outside of Church Formation – Entering and Exiting ...... 248

Outside of Church Formation – Shows Removing or Placing Casket on Department Apparatus or in Funeral Coach ...... 249 Outside of Church Formation – Shows Casket on Department Apparatus ...... 250 Sample 1 Seating Arrangements for Emergency Service Funeral – (One aisle seating) ...... 251 Sample 1 Seating Arrangements ...... 252 Sample 2 Seating Arrangements for Emergency Service Funeral – (Two aisle seating) ...... 253 Final Committal / Cemetery Service Officer ...... 254 Cemetery Set-Up (Option 1) ...... 255 Cemetery Set-Up (Option 2) ...... 256 Pallbearers ...... 257 Transportation Officer ...... 258 Culinary Officer ...... 259 Auditing Officer ...... 261 APPENDICES ...... 262 Appendix 7 – A: Support and Contact Information Worksheet ...... 263 Appendix 7 – B: Funeral Coordinator Checklist ...... 267 Appendix 7 – C: Funeral Information Worksheet ...... 268 Appendix 7 – D: Sample - Alarm/Dispatch Notification- (Active/ LODD) Death of an ESW ...... 269 Appendix 7 – E: Sample - Alarm/Dispatch Notification – Funeral Arrangements for Retired / Relative of an emergency service worker ...... 270 Chapter 8: LODD Investigation Guidelines ...... 272 Investigations of Line-of-Duty Deaths ...... 272 Toxicology ...... 273 Personal Protective Equipment ...... 274 Emergency Service Worker’s Health ...... 274 Trends in Line-of-Duty Death ...... 274 Emergency Service Workers Death Classifications ...... 275 Procedures to Follow for LODD Initial Action Plan ...... 275 Procedures to Follow for LODD Exposure to Hazards Environments ...... 278 Procedures to Follow for Firefighter Autopsy Protocol ...... 279 Public Safety Officers Benefit Program ...... 282 Public Safety Officers Benefit Program Checklist Information ...... 284 APPENDICES ...... 287 Appendix 8 – A: LODD or Serious Injury Initial Action Flow Chart ...... 288 Appendix 8 – B: LODD Emergency Service Department / Rescue Squad Information Checklist...... 289 Appendix 8 – C: LODD Emergency Service Department/Rescue Squad Contact Checklist ...... 290 Appendix 8 – D: Sample of OSFM LODD – Initial Notification Form ...... 291 Appendix 8 – E: PSOB Checklist filing process for LODD and the fallen Officer’s survivors...... 292 Appendix 8 – F: Line of Duty Death Action Checklist ...... 295

Appendix 8 – G: Injury/Death Investigation Checklist–Initial Information ...... 298 Appendix 8 – H: Injury/Death Investigation Checklist–Safety Equipment ...... 299 Appendix 8 – I: Injury/Death Investigation Checklist–Specialized Equipment ...... 300 Appendix 8 – J: Injury/Death Investigation Checklist–Vehicle Information ...... 301 Chapter 9: Emergency Service Suicide ...... 303 Copy of PowerPoint Slides Program – Suicide: Prevention, Intervention, & Postvention ...... 305 Chapter 10: Military Standards ...... 331 Position of Attention ...... 331 Position of Parade Rest ...... 331 Hand Salute ...... 332 Chapter 11: Handling Dignitaries at Emergency Service Department Funerals ...... 336 Background Information Sheet ...... 338 APPENDICES ...... 339 Appendix 11 – A: Background Sheet and Dignitary Information Form ...... 341 Chapter 12 Post Funeral Responsibilities ...... 343 Benefits Coordinator Responsibilities...... 343 Continued Support for the Family ...... 344 Chapter 13: Scheduling of Funeral or Memorial Service ...... 348 Memorial Service ...... 349 Decide on Location or Setting ...... 350 Pick a Time and date ...... 350 Select a Theme or Purpose ...... 350 How to Select a Theme ...... 351 Personalize the Memorial Service ...... 352 Sample of a Memorial Service ...... 353 Chapter 14: Viewing/Visitation and Funeral Processional ...... 358 A Sample of the Guidelines for Viewing / Visitation ...... 358 Guideline for the Funeral Processional ...... 359 Basic Alignment for the Elements of a March ...... 360 If Casket Will Be Driven from Funeral Home to the Church ...... 361 When the Procession Arrives ...... 362 At the Close of the Service ...... 363 Upon Arrival at the Place of Final Committal ...... 364 A Sample of the Guidelines for Line of Duty Death ...... 366 A Sample of the Guidelines for Off Duty Death ...... 369

A Sample of the Guidelines for Retire Death ...... 371 Chapter 15 - Ceremonies and Funeral Services ...... 375 Ceremony for Draping ...... 375 Sample Funeral Service for Christian Firefighter (Option1) ...... 376 Sample of Service (Option2) ...... 378 Sample Service (Option 3) ...... 381 Sample Service (Option 4) ...... 383 Sample Service (Option 5) ...... 387 Sample Service (Option 6) ...... 388 Chapter 16: Last Alarm / Bell Service / Last Tone Out ...... 391 Sample of Last Alarm / Bell Service (Option 1) ...... 392 Sample of Last Alarm / Bell Service (Option 2) ...... 393 Sample of Last Alarm / Bell Service (Option 3) ...... 394 Sample of Last Alarm / Bell Service (Option 4) ...... 395 Sample of Last Tone Out (Option 1) ...... 396 Chapter 17: Sample Services for Funeral or Memorial ...... 399 Sample Order of Events at Church Service ...... 399 Sample of Service (Option 1) ...... 403 Sample of a Service (Option 2) ...... 406 Sample of a Service (Option 3) ...... 408 Chapter 18: Samples of Scripture Readings for Funeral or Memorial Services ...... 414 John 14: 1-9, 27 and 28 ...... 414 John 11:25 and 26 ...... 414 Romans 8:31-39...... 415 Psalms 27:5 ...... 415 Nahum 1:7 ...... 415 Psalms 23 ...... 415 1st Peter 5:7 ...... 415 II Corinthians 1:3 and 4 ...... 416 Psalms 46:1-3. 10 and 11 ...... 416 John 15:13 ...... 416 Ecclesiastes Chapter 3: 1-11 ...... 416 1 Corinthians 15: 51-57 ...... 417

Matthew 25: 31-40 ...... 417 Matthew 6: 9-13 ...... 418 Scripture 1 ...... 419 Scripture 2 ...... 419 Scripture 3 ...... 419 Chapter 19: Graveside and Cremated Remains Services ...... 422 Sample # 1 ...... 422 Sample # 2 ...... 422 Sample # 3 ...... 423 Sample # 4 ...... 423 Sample # 5 ...... 423 Sample # 6 ...... 424 Sample # 7 ...... 424 Sample # 8 ...... 427 Sample # 9 ...... 427 Sample # 10 ...... 427 Cremated Remains Service ...... 428 Chapter 20: Suggestions on Preparing an Emergency Service Eulogy ...... 431 Chapter 21: Poems and Other Readings to Be Read at ESW’s Funerals or Memorials ...... 438 A Fire Captain’s Prayer ...... 438 The Last Alarm ...... 439 EMT Prayer ...... 440 EMT/Paramedic Poem ...... 441 EMS……...... 442 Just Doing My Job ...... 443 I Wish You Could ...... 444 One White Rose ...... 446 Policeman’s 23rd Psalm ...... 450 The Thin Blue Line ...... 451 Police’s Officer Prayer ...... 452 The 343 ...... 453 Into the Fire ...... 454 A Mother’s Cry ...... 455

The Police Officer’s Prayer to St. Michael ...... 456 A Paramedic Prayer Sample 1...... 457 A Paramedic’s Prayer Sample 2 ...... 458 Paramedic’s Prayer Sample 3 ...... 459 The Rookie Stopped...... 460 The Firefighter’s Memorial Hymn...... 461 Only A Fireman ...... 462 Why God Made Paramedics ...... 463 EMT Prayer Sample 1 ...... 466 EMT Prayer Sample 2 ...... 467 EMT/Paramedic Poem ...... 468 When God Made Paramedics ...... 469 A Police Officer’s Prayer ...... 471 A Fire Chief’s Prayer ...... 472 A Firefighter’s Prayer ...... 473 A Firefighter’s Tear’s ...... 474 Prayer for Police Officer ...... 476 The Final Inspection ...... 477 Fallen ...... 478 A Firefighter’s Pledge ...... 479 When Brave Men Cry ...... 480 A Fireman’s Life ...... 481 Fallen Hero ...... 482 Prayer of the Firefighter ...... 483 Volunteer Fireman ...... 484 Battling the Beast ...... 486 Was It His Time ...... 487 Creation of a Fireman ...... 488 When God Made Police Officers ...... 490 Firefighter’s Glove ...... 492 Hymn to the Fallen Heroes ...... 494 The Last Alarm ...... 495 What is a Fireman? ...... 496 The Fireman Poem ...... 497

United We Stand Clip Art ...... 498 Chapter 22: Sample of Personnel Information Sheets ...... 501 Chapter 23: Sample of Medical History Information Forms and Physical Examination Forms for each Firefighter ...... 530 General Information ...... 530 Equipment ...... 540 Medical Requirements ...... 543 Appendices ...... 545 Appendix 23 – A: Medical History Evaluation Questionnaire (Mandatory) for all fire personnel ...... 546 Appendix 23 – B: Physical Emanation Questions for clearance for firefighting duties and SCBA use ...... 561 Appendix 23– C: Physician's Evaluation ...... 565 Appendix 23 – D: Physician's Certification of Fitness...... 566 Appendix 23 – E: Medical Clearance for Respirator Use by Fire Chief ...... 567 Appendix 23 – F: Respiratory Inspection Log ...... 568 Appendix 23 – G: Respiratory Hazards and Training on Respirator Use ...... 569 Appendix 23 – H: Respiratory Protection Training Form ...... 570 Appendix 23 – I: OSHA Respirator Checklist ...... 571 Appendix 23 – J: Fit Testing Procedures ...... 573 Appendix 23 - K: Fit Testing Form...... 574 Appendix 23 – L: Manufacturer's Instructions for Proper Care and Use of Respiratory Equipment ...... 575 Chapter 24: Information on and list of Bag Pipers, Honor Guards and Color Guards ...... 580 Funerals and Memorial – The pipes. The pipes are calling ...... 580 Brent Turner ...... 581 Charlotte Pipes & Drums Band ...... 582 Jerry Finegan ...... 583 Wake & District Public Safety Pipes and Drums ...... 584 Carolina Pipes & Drums of the Emerald Society ...... 586 Traditional Songs Played at Funerals ...... 586 Honor and Color Guards ...... 587

The following code will be used over the radio if an emergency service worker is critically injured Code ______, and if the emergency service worker is deceased then the department will use the following Code ______will talking on the radio.

Chapter 1

Chapter 1: Introduction for Fire Department, Rescue and EMS Serious Injuries Investigations -- Funerals and Memorials

his manual outlines the Lincoln County Fire and Rescue Association and Lincoln County Crisis Response Team guidelines for Fire and Rescue Serious Injuries Investigations, Funerals and Memorials. No one likes to consider the prospect of responding to the hospital to wait the news T about an emergency service worker who has been seriously injured or arranging and conducting a funeral or memorial service for someone who has touched our lives. If the department has emergency service chaplains or works with a crisis response team, those groups of people serve a group of brave and dedicated men and women who continually place themselves in harm’s way. Far too often they make the ultimate sacrifice. They give their lives as they strive to protect the lives and property of the communities they serve.

When the unthinkable happens, it is up to the emergency service department/chaplain to do all he or she can to help the family and friends while they wait news of the injured emergency worker or to ensure that the fallen emergency service worker receives a tribute befitting the sacrifice. In this regard, no effort is too large, and no detail is too small. It is truly a time for “all things to be done decently and in order.” The purpose of this manual is to provide basic information that a chaplain or crisis response team can use to help the department through a very trying time. It should also be part of a Standard Operating Guidelines on how to handle all aspects of the serious injury investigation or death of an emergency service worker.

This manual is not intended to be all-inclusive in content or to present only one approach. Instead, it provides information covering a broad spectrum of subjects. This information comes from many sources and from what departments and families of fallen emergency service workers recommended. From this information, the chaplain or crisis response team may choose what best fits a particular situation and adapt it as necessary.

There are several key things to do to conduct a serious injury investigation as well as conducting a proper emergency service department funeral or memorial. It is our responsibility to show honor to the fallen emergency service worker, and caring for those left behind. If the chaplain or crisis response team accomplishes those things, the chaplain or crisis response team has done his or her job well.

Departmental Administrative Duties Fortunately most of us don’t have to plan and coordinate these ceremonies with any regularity. However, it is because of this infrequency that we experience much confusion and uncertainty when we have to deal with a serious injury or have to plan an emergency service worker’s funeral.

All Emergency Department funerals are different in some way. But organization, uniformity, good communication, and team work are common characteristics that should be common in every funeral. One thing for every person participating in the procedures, is that if you make a mistake don’t stop, just continue on as no one is likely to notice.

This basic plan is flexible enough to be used in its present form, or it can be customized to suit the individual situation. Remember there are four types of funerals and you want to honor the family’s wishes if all is possible.

The goals in formulating this guideline is that in a time of need, it will provide the basic information required to help guide the investigation of a serious injury or help the unfamiliar funeral planner through a very difficult process, and to assist an Emergency Department in pre-planning a funeral.

Family’s Desires Meeting the family desires

We hope that a emergency service department or their family never has to face an emergency worker who has been seriously injured or who has died in the line of duty.

When an emergency service worker is seriously injured this manual will be a help in guiding them in what to do from the time of the injury, through the hospital and after leaving the hospital. The family needs always comes first and above the emergency department needs.

When planning a funeral the most important consideration in planning an emergency service department funeral is determining the family’s wishes. Depending on such variables as the family’s religious beliefs, medical constraints, and general state of mind, the role of the emergency service department could vary from simply being present at the funeral, to serving as an honor guard at the funeral, to providing a full LODD funeral.

Once the Fire Chief/EMS Director/Captain Rescue Squad or their designee is notified of serious injury, a death of a member or retired member of his Department, they should call a meeting of their officers and assign a “Family Liaison Officer”. The Chief, OIC, and the FLO should then meet with the family if it is a serious injury to see what they can do to help the family during this time. If a LODD has occurred they need to meet with the family and the funeral director to determine the family’s wishes. The OIC should inform the family of what is available, applicable, and recommended in accordance with these LC Emergency Service Serious Injuries and Funeral and Memorial guide lines, and ask what their wishes and needs are.

The family should be informed that all Department communication should go through the Family Liaison who will relay it to the OIC.

The FLO should get the following information as soon as possible from the family for PIO: 1. Full name (with correct spelling) 2. Age and date of birth 3. Numbers of years in the fire service, & number of years with this Department. 4. Name and location of the hospital 5. Visitation 6. Name and Location of the emergency worker’s department 7. Information about immediate family members (married, and number of children) 8. Other items needed by PIO.

The FLO should get the following information as soon as possible from the family or funeral director: 1. Full name (with correct spelling) 2. Age and date of birth 3. Numbers of years in the fire service, & number of years with this Department. 4. Name and location of the funeral home and funeral director 5. Visitation and times 6. Location of the cemetery 7. Names of immediate family members 8. The family person that will be accepting the flag if applicable

The Officer in Charge should call a meeting with key coordinating personnel whether it be a serious injury or LODD immediately after this family meeting to communicate information and initiate the planning process.

For Help in Dealing with an Emergency Worker Who has been Seriously Injured see Chapter 3

Funeral Planning

FUNERAL PLANNING (Will be discuss in detail later in this manual)

When planning the funeral, obtaining the following information will help you properly organize the services: 1. The name, address, and phone number of the funeral home. 2. The church or other location where services are to be held. 3. The chaplain or clergy member’s wishes for the services. 4. The route from the funeral home to the church. 5. The location of the cemetery. 6. The procession route. 7. Whether apparatus will be used as a hearse.

It is possible that the funeral or church services will be held in a community other than the city in which the emergency service worker served. This certainly complicates the process, as all of the planning steps have to be coordinated with officials’ and agencies of the involved jurisdiction. It is helpful to have representatives from the emergency department and police departments of the involved community present at the planning meeting to give their input.

A large contingent of visiting emergency service workers probably will want to visit the seriously injured emergency worker, family and the emergency service department. Someone will need to be the contact person to help coordinate and get information out to the different departments and individuals.

A large contingent of visiting emergency service workers probably will want to attend the funeral. Getting department members and visitors to arrive at the church and assembling the procession is difficult and time-consuming. Depending on location, the size of the emergency service contingent, the distance involved, and possible time constraints, you must determine whether it would be practical for out-of-town visitors to travel from hotels to the church and cemetery, or from the church to the cemetery in a bus as a group rather than driving vehicles separately.

Retiree funerals may draw from 50 to 200 attendees. Non-duty funerals may draw 100-300 attendees. LODD funerals may draw 500 to 1200 attendees. Honorary Member funerals will be dependent on the community.

Uniformed personnel should arrive at the church prior to the family. They should be assembled outside of the church, lining the drive and entrance to the church as the family arrives.

Critical Incident Stress Management

Critical Incident Stress Delusions and Debriefings A serious injury or a line of duty death is a traumatic experience for all members of the fire department. This can affect not only the members of the department, their family members, and the family of the injury or decrease firefighter, other emergency service agencies and citizens in the community. A Critical Incident Stress Management Team should be active/invited immediately after the event. CISM team members should be involved as soon as possible after the incident has occurred. They can respond to the scene to help with the emergency service agencies on the scene, go to the hospital, and notification of families. Their involvement should be encouraged throughout the planning days and continue after the funeral. After the funeral, many members may be left with an empty or helpless feeling that they subconsciously suppressed during the funeral preparations. Seek professional help to get your department through this difficult time.

Contact information for the Lincoln County CRT Team or Team C.R.E.S.T. (Critical Incident Stress Management Teams) is Mike Futrell 980-429-0044 or call Lincoln County Communications Center and ask for the on call CISM team member to call you.

Signs of Grief – What changes in an individual to look Grief can affect many aspects of a person’s life. The following symptoms are typical signs of grief. They indicate that a person may need extra support, but are not necessarily signs of a serious problem.

Emotional Signs Sadness Anxiety Helplessness Shock Relief Anger Loneliness Feeling Freedom Guilt Fatigue Yearning Numbness

Behavioral Signs Social withdrawal Crying and sighing Absentmindedness Searching for the deceased person Sleep and Appetite disturbance Avoiding reminders of the deceased person Dreaming of the loved one Carrying objects or wearing clothes belonging to the loved one

Cognitive Signs Disbelief Confusion Preoccupation Hallucinations Denial A sense of presence of the deceased

Physical Signs Hollow feeling in the stomach Tightness in chest or throat Dry mouth Breathlessness Lack of energy Feeling panic Muscle weakness Sense of depersonalization Increased sensitivity to noise

Checklist to help plan for events before they happen

This check list will be discussed in further details later in this manual but it is a good idea to have a preplan when things go wrong. This list is a way to help you get things organized ahead of time for Line of Duty Death. • CISM Team • Notification of Local, County, State and Federal agencies (have a list made up) • Corner – Autopsy Protocol (make sure you have talked with them ahead of time – what needs to be dome for LODD) • Coordination with family (have your protocol in place and what needs to be covered) • Coordination with Funeral home/director (make sure they understand what takes place with an emergency service agency funeral) • Church / service (you can do preplans of different areas just like you do for fires) • Ushers • Pallbearers (do you have the uniforms and other equipment on hand) • Police / Sheriff Department and NCSHP (meet with them and work out details of want will be needed before, during and after the funeral) • ESA Department and Public Information Officer (if your department does not have some trained then you should look into getting someone trained to handle this position. This person to handle other media items as well. Some counties and cities have a PIO specialty team that are trained to serve their department and other agencies during emergencies.) • News releases • Call coverage (someone to cover during service or from day of incident til funeral is over) • Manning the telephones • Fallen ESW Flags (where to get them and how long it takes for them to be delivered) • Memorial Fund (how to set up one and who to contact for help) • Memorial Service • Funeral service • Food in the station and after funeral • Notifications of Insurance carrier and other important agencies (need a phone list for these agencies put in a special place so they can be found easily).

Some key positions that need to be felled These positions will be discussed in full detail later in this chapter but they need to be looked at ahead of time and have individuals trained in these areas so they will be prepared.

The family wishes for the funeral or memorial service always comes first.

No matter what the emergency service agency wants for a service, it is up to us to meet the wishes of the family first.

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

Chapter 2

Chapter 2: Emergency Service Funeral and Memorial Definitions

Definition of Words relating to Emergency Service Funeral and Memorial Services

: • Badge presentation The Fire Chief may wish to make a formal presentation of the name tag and badge worn by the fallen emergency service worker to the next of kin. The badge and tag should be in a framed shadow box or display that also includes a department uniform patch. • Badge shroud The period of mourning includes placing a piece of black tape or material horizontally over the center of the uniformed badge. Do not shroud a chaplain’s badge that contains a cross, a crescent, tablets, or the Star of David. • Bagpipers Well known for serving during police funerals; also used in traditional fire service ceremony. Bagpipers accompany and play music while the casket is being moved (in and out of the church, for example) and, if desired, during the service. • Bell service (“Last Alarm” or “Last Call”) After the religious ceremony or at interment, a fire department member reads a prepared statement about the firefighter’s last call. A portable fire department bell is then tolled by another member. In some traditions, it is tolled three time; in others, three sets of three; and in others, three sets of five. The bell ringing recalls a time when the fire bell rang to call firefighters to an alarm and then, again, to signal that the alarm had ended. (EMS Worker Funeral Service can be done this way also)

• Bugler The playing of Taps is one of the final activities at the committal. Either an on-site bugler, if one is available or a recorded playing of taps is acceptable. If live, the bugler stands about 75 feet from the burial site. • Casket watch The vigil performed by the honor guard or group of personnel at the viewing or wake. • Closed casket In cases where the family specifies a closed casket for the viewing and/or funeral, a photo of the firefighter in uniform may be placed on or next to the casket, along with his clean helmet or dress hat. • Color guards Members who are formally trained in the ceremonial carrying and presentation of the national and local flags. A color guard often includes two armed persons (in the case of a fire department color guard, each will carry a ceremonial pick ax). If your department doesn’t have a trained color guard, check with the American Legion or VFW. • Crossed ladders In a formal LODD funeral, there may be two aerial trucks crossing extended ladders or booms, located at the entrance to the cemetery (or en route), with the American flag hanging from the apex of the extended ladders. • Culinary Officer: The Culinary Officer is in charge of organizing all the food and refreshments throughout the event. This includes food for the family, refreshments for all personnel working during the preparation of the event, and refreshments during all phases of the event • Culinary Officer: The Culinary Officer is in charge of organizing all the food and refreshments throughout the event. This includes food for the family, refreshments for all personnel working during the preparation of the event, and refreshments during all phases of the event • Death Benefits Depending on the cause of death, the deceased survivors may be eligible to receive State and Federal Death Benefits. These Benefits usually depend on the cause of death as determined by the autopsy. A team of forensics experts has developed a formal autopsy protocol and County Coroners are aware of this protocol. The following is information that you will need to provide with the benefits forms; a written statement of the deceased standing with the FD, a notarized statement as to the deceased activities prior to the death by the officer in charge of the incident, a notarized copy of the autopsy and death certificate. Other items may be needed case by case. For a firefighter death a staff member(s) from OSFM and NCFFF will provide help with the State Benefits forms and will assist with the any other activities the department needs. • Death Watch The vigil performed by the honor guard or group of personnel at the hospital, morgue, funeral, viewing or wake.

• ESA Emergency Service Agency • ESW Emergency Service Worker • Eulogy The formal speech in memory of the one who has passed; may be offered at the wake, at the funeral, or at the committal by a family member, close friend, clergy, dignitary, or fire service member. The family decides what, when, where, and by whom the eulogy is given. • Fire engine caisson (An EMS Unit can be used also) Traditionally a caisson, or horse-drawn wagon, was used to transport the casket of a dignitary to the cemetery; a fire engine (a pumper, for example) may be used to transport the casket of a fallen firefighter. It would be cleaned, stripped of hoses, and draped with bunting for this purpose. • Firing party Similar to a 21-gun salute; if a military-type firing party is used, they fire three volleys at a position of about 75 feet from the burial site. Because the sudden noise can be startling to the mourners, make people at the service are aware if this tribute is planned. • Flag If the department has its own flag, it can be used to drape the casket at the wake or the funeral service. If a department flag is not available, a local, association, or state flag can be used. If the deceased was a veteran or died in the line of duty, an American flag may be used. The flag is folded by two pallbearers or members of the honor guard and presented to the chief or a third member, who presents it to the family at interment. • Flower unit In addition to the engine that is used as a caisson, a second fire department vehicle may be used to transport flowers during the procession from church or funeral home to cemetery. • Hearse Vehicle provided by the funeral home to carry the casket, if an engine is not used. • Honor guard One or (more commonly) two uniformed emergency service workers who stand at attention at the head and foot of the casket during the wake or viewing. The honor guard also may have special formations at walk through, while the casket is being carried from funeral home to hearse, on entry and exit from the church, and on either side of the path at the cemetery or final resting place. • Honor detail Uniformed and visiting department members who are not part of the honor guard but are present to pay tribute.

• Line of duty death A death that happens as a direct and immediate or later result of an on-duty incident, e.g., a traumatic injury during a fire resulting in immediate decease, or severe smoke inhalation that later causes long- term complications leading to death Definitions to help with determining type of funeral service and what level:

a. Line-of-duty: The death must be the result of a traumatic injury suffered in the line of duty.

b. Job-related traumatic injury: A blow to the body by an outside force, e.g., crushing injuries suffered in a building collapse, apparatus accident or fall. Burns, smoke inhalation and such climactic injuries as heatstroke or frostbite are considered traumatic injuries.

c. Job-related non-traumatic injury: A non-traumatic injury that is strongly believed or has been proven to be attributable to the job. Examples are stress, heart attacks, strokes, diseases and mental illness (suicide).

d. Active member: A full-time or volunteer member of an emergency service agency serving in an active capacity.

e. Inactive member: A retired or former member of an emergency service agency.

f. Affiliate member: An individual who has served in some capacity with the department, such as a commissioner, trustee, dispatcher, etc.

g. Non-job-related death: Deaths, natural and traumatic, that are not related to fire or emergency medical service or law enforcement duty. • Mourning period Flags are lowered to half-staff until the day after funeral, immediately after the service, or at sunset on the day of the service; badges are shrouded for 30 days; dark bunting is draped on the station sign or building for 30 days, sometimes along with dark floral arrangements, depending on department tradition and customs. When the American flag is flown at half-staff, no other flags shall be flown with it.

• Pallbearers Selected by the family from among friends or department members or, if the family declines, can be selected by the department from among department members. Department members who act as pallbearers are in formal dress: Class A uniforms with hats and white gloves. Pallbearers’ duties include carrying the flag-draped casket (or the cremated remains and the flag separately); riding on department engines if used as caisson and flower vehicle; and folding the flag that draped the casket. Honorary pallbearers may be uniformed members or family or friends of the deceased who are placed in an honorary position leading the casket. • Procession The line of vehicles proceeding from funeral home or church to place of interment or committal. The procession may pass the ESW’s home or department or station; if passing the department or station, it is appropriate for personnel to assemble outside, come to attention, and toll a bell that has been muffled. It also is appropriate to park apparatus outside in a display of respect. • Station bunting Black mourning drapes and, sometimes, dark floral arrangements that are placed on the outside of the ESW’s department or station or other stations that wish to show respect for the fallen. • Survivor Action Officer Either acts as the direct liaison with the family or supervises the team that includes the family liaison officer.

• Types of Funeral Services Generally, there are four types of funeral services, as described below. These descriptions should serve as general guidelines only and may be changed according to individual situations. It is most important to follow the family's wishes and give full respect to their expressed concerns. Check under Section 3.2 for the areas left out on Level 2 a. Formal Funeral Service This type of service includes the use of apparatus, pallbearers, a color guard (optional), and a funeral detail composed of fire personnel in Class A uniforms. This type of honor is usually reserved for a line-of-duty death. (Circumstance Level 1 and 2) aa. Level One Funeral Service- Honors bestowed for the line- of-duty death of any active, uniformed member of the Department or Company. This may include a death stemming from injuries or illness while on duty. bb. Level Two Funeral Service- Honors bestowed for the off duty, or non-duty related death of an active uniformed member of the Department or Company.

All military standards observed All Flag Protocols Observed Department Honor and Color Guard Department Chaplain Station and apparatus bunting

Static display of apparatus Death Watch Casket Vigil Honorary Pallbearers Department apparatus used as caisson

Department apparatus used as a flower truck

Family transportation Honor Guard Casket Team Helmet and badge presentation Medal presentation for _____ members Flag Presentation

Crossed aerial ladders with flag drape Bell Ringing Ceremony

Final tone-out Bugler playing Taps (if Veteran or law enforcement) Bagpiper playing at graveside (non-Veterans) b. Semi-Formal Service This type of service includes the use of pallbearers, color guard (optional), and a funeral detail composed of fire personnel in Class A uniforms. This type of honor is usually reserved for an off-duty death of a current member or an affiliate. (Circumstance Levels 3, 4, and 5) Check under Section 3.2 for the areas left out on Level 4 and 5

aa. Level Three Funeral Service- Honors bestowed for the non-line-of-duty death of an active non-uniformed member; retired member (whose death is not attributed to a line-of-duty injury or incident); honorary member; or a member’s spouse or children. bb. Level Four Funeral Service - A member or honorary member of the department or Volunteer Association who is currently active or who has retired in good standing and suffers an event or series of events that results in his or her death. cc. Level Five Funeral Service - An individual who has served in some capacity with the department, such as a Commissioner, Chief, Dispatcher, or other job function and does not meet any of the above criteria, but suffers an event or series of events that results in his or her death. All military standards observed

All Flag Protocols observed Department Honor and Color Guard Death Watch Casket Vigil Honor Guard Casket Team Flag presentation

Bell Ringing Ceremony Final tone-out B Bugler playing Taps (if Veteran or law enforcement) Firing Party/rifle volley salute (if veteran or law enforcement officer)

c. Non-Formal Service This type of service includes the use of a funeral detail of fire personnel in Class A uniforms. This type of honor is usually reserved for any non-firefighting personnel, a retired member or affiliate of the department or Volunteer Association or an immediate relative of a department member. Also included in this category would be an individual the department or Volunteer Association wishes to recognize for their contributions. (Circumstance Level 6)

aa. Level Six Funeral Service - A non-firefighting individual who through employment, Volunteer Association, professional or emotional tie suffers an event or series of events that results in his or her death. This may be applied to an individual the department or Volunteer Association wishes to pay a special tribute to for their contribution to the community. All military standards observed

All Flag Protocols observed Department Honor and Color Guard (if Veteran or law enforcement) Flag presentation Bugler playing Taps (if Veteran or law enforcement) Firing Party/rifle volley salute (if veteran or law enforcement officer)

d Private Service This is a service closed to any outside participation with the exception of the immediate family. Usually this type of service is at the request of the family. ESA Department will not be involved or part of the service. If this is what the family wants we must respect their wishes remember this is about them and not us.

• Uniform The department’s family liaison should ask the family if they choose to have deceased buried in uniform; if so, the department must provide a uniform to the funeral home. • Ushers Can be chosen from among department members (10 recommended); family may request specific individuals. • Vehicle bunting Black mourning drapes that signify a death and decorate fire vehicles participating in the procession as either caisson or flower unit. • Walk through A ceremonial, unified tribute by uniformed members and dignitaries who, at a predetermined time, enter the wake or viewing and pass in single file by the casket, with each emergency service woker pausing briefly to pay tribute.

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

Chapter 3

Chapter 3: General Guidelines – Serious Injuries Investigations

When a member of the Fire, Emergency Medical, Law Enforcement or Rescue Services experiences a serious injury in the line of duty, several considerations are crucial for those dealing with the tragedy. These include:

a. Identifying and meeting the needs of the family

b. Ensuring that the needs and wishes of the family always come before the needs and wishes of the department

c. Providing ongoing emotional and spiritual support for the family and emergency service agencies

d. Using good organization, coordination and communication

e. Maintaining flexibility

f. Monitoring constantly not to overload any individuals

Departmental Administrative Duties The primary goal of the department should be to work with the family, the hospital and their staff and others involved ensuring that the injured emergency service worker receives everything they need. At all times the department must carry out the wishes and desires of the family regarding the visitation and help the department may want to give. The department’s responsibilities are not the same as those of the hospital. The department personnel should work with the hospital and their staff in the best interest of the emergency service worker and their family.

Pre-Incident Planning Pre-planning is essential to ensure the department meets the needs of the emergency service worker, their family and coworkers.

Personnel Information – The department should maintain an Emergency Employee Contact Information Record on all department personnel. The department will use it to assist in the treatment of personnel following serious injury, and in the notification of next of kin following a serious injury or line-off duty death.

The form will contain the following information:

a. Complete name of the department member

b. Name and address of next of kin with specific directions to the address as needed

c. Names of parents and children/dependents, including those who may not live with the emergency service worker

d. The emergency service worker’s religion and church affiliation and membership

Photographs The department should arrange for individual photographs of all department personnel and should maintain current photographs in department personnel files. The photos may be needed for immediate identification after an incident. After a serious injury, there will be requests for photos from the media and other sources.

Department Chaplain The department should maintain an active chaplaincy program. The chaplain should be contacted immediately whenever an emergency service worker is injured so they can response where needed.. They can arrange for the crisis response team to response to help at the scene and at the hospital. Members of the team can also help with notification of family members and coworkers who may not be on duty. The chaplain's CISM team services will be available to the family before, during and after the stay in the hospital.

Hospitals and Directors of the Hospitals Hospital Directors- Contacts should be made with local them so that they understand that a local protocol exists for when a emergency service worker is serious injured and brought to their facility. They should also be aware beforehand, of any special needs the protocol may call for. This may be to everyone's advantage and may, therefore, avoid conflicts impacting the family and department due to confusion or lack of coordination..

We want them to understand that we are not there to interfere with their work and treatment of the emergency service worker but we are there to help take care of some of the stress and provide the family with some help while they are going through this traumatic event.

Local Support Agencies Local Support Agencies- Prior contacts and arrangements should be made with local agencies that could assist in a when a emergency service worker is injured and has to stay in the hospital. Some of these agencies may include: a. Local motels, hotels where members of the family or emergency service agencies may have to stay; b. Local restaurants and food places that may be able to help provide meals during these time, c. Other local civic groups that may be willing to help.

The department should periodically contact local public safety agencies to maintain a current resource list that maybe helpful during these times.

Uniform Clothing and Equipment Just as a department trains and prepares for emergency they should also prepare for times that an emergency service worker may be injured. The department may never experience a serious injury and hopefully you won’t.. If any member of your agency or another agency wants to help while the emergency service worker is in the hospital you need to have protocol in place what individuals will wear while taking turns standing by at the hospital. Also there needs to be a plan in place to help get the family back and forth to the hospital.

Essential Positions during the Hospital Stay This manual will cover the key positions that should be filled in order to help things run as smoothly as possible. The department should maintain and annually update a list of personnel selected to serve in the following key positions. The responsibilities of the key positions listed below will be discussed in further in this chapter: a. Fire chief / emergency service agency director b. Chaplain c. Notification Officer d. Family Liaison Officer e. Hospital Liaison Officer f. Public Information Officer (PIO) g. Coordinator Officer h. Transportation Officer i. After Care Family Officer j. Auditing Officer

Personnel selected to serve should receive a manual and training on the responsibilities of key positions. The manual should contain copies of departmental procedures relating to the tasks that may need to be performed after a serious injury occurs.

Watch Detail This individual or individuals may be asked to stand watch outside the door of the emergency service worker or the family waiting area. Their job will be to see that he needs and wishes of the emergency worker and their families are meet. They will coordinate all actives and wishes with the Hospital Liaison Officer. Uniform to wear while on watch detail: department dress shirt and dress pants or department dress polo shirt and dress pants. All individuals should be dress alike either dress shirts or dress polo.

Checklist to help plan for events before they happen

• Family Support Team - The department’s family support team will be responsible for necessary functions before, during, and after the funeral. • Notifying Team - This team will be responsible for notifying different individuals which include the survivors, department members, local government, state agencies, federal agencies, media and others. • Hospital Team - If a ESW is critically injured they will be transported to a local hospital. This team will work with the hospital and staff. • Community Response Team - This team will be individuals in the community who are not members of the department that can be activated if needed. • PIO - will be responsible for handle any news releases for the emergency service agency and family f family wants them to. • Chaplain and CISM Team – will work with the emergency service department and family. • Transportation Officer – will be responsible for helping make arrangements as needed to get family back and forth to the hospital. They may also help with getting children to and from school, day care and other places as needed.

Fire Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director Responsibilities

The Fire Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director, or his/her designee, is responsible for the coordination of the activities surrounding a serious accident or line of duty death.

Immediate Notifications (If applicable) County / City Fire Marshal Mayor County Manager / City Manager County Commissioners / City Council Members Any other local representatives CISM Team Leader

Serious Injury of a Member

When a member is serious injured, the Officer-in-Charge shall notify the Fire Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director or in his absence, the Acting Chief, Assistant Chiefs, and Department Chaplain(s).

During notifications, it is imperative that accurate information is passed quickly and discretely. Radio traffic is monitored regularly by the media and private citizens. Names of the injured firefighters shall NEVER be given over the radio. All communications of this sensitive nature shall be conducted by telephone.

Upon receipt of this tragic news the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director or Acting Chief should coordinate the following:

1. Assemble the Notification Team (Minimum of three, not to exceed five) a. Chief (if possible) or representative b. Family Liaison Officer (appoint the individual) c. A firefighter friend of the family (if available) d. Department Chaplain

2. Make family notification (See “Notification of Next of Kin” information.)

3. ESA Department Notifications a. Command Staff b. On duty personnel c. Off duty personnel

4. Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal who will notify the City/County Administrators & Human Resource Department, and advise them of all pertinent information and that the Department and what has happen.

5. If possible and the scene allows, the Officer in Charge should relieve the immediate coworkers (those in immediate proximity or those responsible for the rescue of the injured emergency service worker) from the scene to return to station. On scene rehab and isolation may prove to be a better solution initially.

6. Defusing by the Chaplain or qualified person (Critical Incident Stress Management Team) is to be offered as soon as possible on the same shift. This is to be followed by general information of how notification is being done, and what is to be expected in the next few hours.

7. Debriefing by the Chaplain or a qualified person (Stress Management Team, CRT) should be setup based on team guidelines and may require follow-up debriefings for the weeks following the incident. It is not sufficient to only support your emergency service workers; it is important to support the entire environment in which the personnel operates. Family members and significant others who may have been emotionally affected by a serious will be offered a family debriefing. This will also address what to. others who may have been emotionally affected by a serious will be offered a family debriefing. This will also address what to. Family members and significant others who may have been emotionally affected by a serious will be offered a family debriefing. This will also address what to.

8. The Public Information Officer should be notified or a person designated to handle any public news to insure that it is factual and disseminated promptly. This is covered further in the section titled Public Information Division.

9. Set up a Command Staff Meeting to commence upon completion of the notification process.

10. Command Staff Meeting

a. Appoint the Planning Group Manager to coordinate all services and issue a copy of the serious Injury Contingency Plan container that holds the notebooks comprising the detailed responsibilities and functions. b. Appoint the Accident Investigation Leader and issue the notebook comprising the detailed responsibilities of this position. c. Verify that the necessary Stress Management is in progress. d. Discuss all pertinent issues; family requests.

Immediate Actions 1. Notify next of kin by assigning a Notification Officer(s) to each injured member to be immediately sent to the families’ homes. 2. Assign a Hospital Liaison Officer(s) to go to the receiving hospital where the injured members have been sent 3. Assign an Investigation Team to conduct an investigation of the circumstances of the event. 4. Assign a Family Liaison Officer. 5. Provide relief for the Shift Commander/Incident Commander and other staff. 6. Set up an Incident Command Structure for the Serious Injury process. 7. Notify the Office of the State Fire Marshal or EMS State Agency if fire or EMS worker involved and request assistance from them. 8. Notify the Department of Labor and Industries as outlined in OSHA 1904.7 (a) 9. Notify VFIS

10. Notify Wokers Comp – Key Risk Chief of Operations (If applicable) Responsibilities

Make sure the Notification Officer has the fallen member’s Personal Information Packet and give support to the Fire Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director in whatever way needed.

Immediate Actions 1. Obtain the Personal Information Packet of the fallen member for notification instructions and immediately give them to the Notification Officer. 2. Notify the off duty Chief Officers. 3. Assign an Auditing Officer. 4. Contact Agency Administration Staff. 5. Notify all personnel of the incident. The family should be notified of the incident first, this will prevent someone calling the family before the Notification Team has made the proper notifications. 6. Coordinate with the Auditing Officers for the collection of the injured members personal effects

Shift Commander / Incident Commander Responsibilities

Immediate Notifications Safety Officer (if not already on-scene) Public Information Officer (if not already on-scene) Chaplain Local Police Agency Fire Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director

Immediate Actions 1. Secure the scene of the incident with the assistance of police personnel. 2. Direct the PIO, ESA staff and dispatch center to withhold the release of personal data relating to the member, pending notification of the next of kin. 3. Gather pertinent information concerning the incident and circumstances leading to the injury. 4. Document all actions, contacts, requests and other pertinent data. This will update the Fire Chief or Emergency Service Agency Director with events as they happen. 5. Coordinate the relief of crews on the scene. 6. Preserve any equipment, turnouts and breathing apparatus used by the injured member for the accident investigation. Except where the position of apparatus, equipment, or items involved in an accident pose a threat of further injury or harm, all equipment, hose, apparatus and appliances shall remain where they were at the time of the accident pending their examination and release by the Investigation Team Leader. 7. Preserves any and all tactical worksheets, video and audiotapes for the investigation.

Chaplain Responsibilities

Immediate concerns should include: notification, victim family support, personnel support in the form of defusing, debriefings; personnel family support at the scene and hospital. The Chaplain will also become a part of the Serious Injury Incident Command Structure.

Roles and Responsibilities 1. Accompany the Notification Officer to notify the family. 2. Coordinate with Hospital Liaison Officer. 3. Coordinate with Liaison Officer. 4. Coordinate with Family Liaison Officer. 5. Coordinate with Critical Incident Debrief Team. 6. Contact CISM Team Chaplain to assist with the Agency personnel.

The amount of involvement the Chaplain has will depend upon the family's wishes and/or religion. One option that can be proposed is a shared responsibility between the clergy of the family's choice and the department Chaplain. Here again, the family's wishes prevail. Areas handled by the Chaplain will be:

• Initial notification of next of kin, with the Chief or his designee • Comfort and counseling of surviving family members • Prayer service in the home • Prayer and help at hospital • Follow-up counseling for the family members. • Departmental or community follow up counseling

Notification Officer Responsibilities

Prompt notification of the next of kin cannot be stressed enough in the case of a serious injury. No one wants to hear about a loved one being hurt over a television or radio broadcast. That notification, most certainly, should be made in person by the Notification Officer, who is normally the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director or his designee, and who is accompanied by the Chaplain. Notification by some other form of communication other than in person, say by telephone, is acceptable only in exceptional cases. Extreme emotional trauma is not uncommon when one is notified of a loved one being hurt, and care should be taken to ensure that the next of kin are not alone at this time. The official notification serves a three-fold purpose: assures the next of kin that the information is valid; provides a knowledgeable source of information concerning the injury; and assures the next of kin that assistance is available at a time when they need it most. The Notification Officer and Chaplain should be prepared to stay with the next of kin until a family member or friend arrives. As soon as is appropriate, they should determine if the family has a particular person, preferably a close family friend and department member, to act as Family Liaison Officer.

Prior to visiting the family the Notification Officer should be familiar with the circumstances of the injury and the personal data concerning the individual. Be sure the Notification Officer has official emergency service department identification in his/her possession.

Also be absolutely certain of the status of the ESW, check and double check with the hospital. Clear the release of information with the Incident Commander to be certain your information is correct.

If the next of kin arrives on the scene, it is a good idea to provide them with some type of identification, such as an armband or something similar. Tell them that this is to assist the department in locating them if they are needed. This also is to alert emergency personnel to be careful of making comments when the next of kin are nearby.

After notification of the next of kin, the Public Information Officer, Emergency Command Center, and religious affiliations will need to be notified. A news conference should be arranged to ensure that the media obtain the most factual information.

Five Principles of Notification These five principles of notification should be used no matter who you are notifying.

• In Person Always do the notification in person, never by phone. For family members living out of the local area, arrange for authorities in that area to make notifications for you in person. Immediately find injured emergency service worker’s emergency contact information to know who needs to be notified in person. Usually, the spouse (or unmarried partner) and parents of the injured emergency service worker should be the first priority. • In Time and with Certainty Before making notification, have positive identification of the injured emergency service worker. Obviously, errors in identity can cause extreme trauma. • Never discuss a serious injury over the radio. This may result in a family member receiving the news before you can notify them in person. Quickly gather as much information about the incident as possible before making the notification. Family members will have questions. Get to the family members quickly. Don’t let the media notify them first. • In Pairs Have two people present to make the notification. If possible have CISM team member (s) to go with you. Family members may experience severe emotional or physical reactions when they learn of the injury. Use the employee’s emergency contact information to identify a uniformed member of the ESA to accompany the department’s representative. It is helpful to have the department chaplain or friend of the firefighter’s family there too. Take two vehicles, if at all possible. This will allow one or more of you to take the family member to the hospital, if necessary, while the other team members stays with other family members. Before you arrive, decide who will speak and what the person will say. • In Plain Language Clearly identify yourself and present identification, then ask to come in. Notification should take place in a private setting. If you don’t know the family member, make sure you are talking to the right person. Begin with “I have very bad news,” or “I’m sorry to have to tell you this.” Use the words “injured” and “serious injury” rather than terms such as “hurt” so the message is absolutely clear. Speak slowly. Get to the point. Calmly answer the family’s questions. It is fine to say, “I don’t know” if you don’t know. Use his or her name when referring to the ESW, rather than saying “the emergency service worker.” • With Compassion Allow family members to express emotions. Do not try to talk them out of their grief. Accept your own emotions. It’s if you cry during notifications, but stay calm. Never leave immediately after making a notification. Offer to help the family to call friends or other family members. Do not leave before someone else arrives. Do not take the injured emergency service worker’s personal items with you when you make the notification. Tell the family they will receive them alter. Most family members will need some time before they feel able to deal with these items. Provide the family the opportunity to see the injured emergency service worker, even if the body is badly disfigured. Offer to transport the family to where the injured emergency service worker is, and help prepare them for what they will see. Before leaving, write down important information, including the names and phone numbers of the department personnel who will work with the family. Have one member of the department stay with the family, unless the family declines.

Injury from a Crisis Response Precept

INJURY NOTIFICATION In order for a crisis response individual to do a serious injury notification properly they must be to able approach the person or persons with the information. They must have the ability to encompass physical and mental proficiency and have the competence to deliver the message with skillfulness, sensitivity and compassion. The crisis response individual must be able be to carry the message through to completion. This means you don’t just tell the individual and leave, you stay until the person or persons’ questions and needs have been answered to the best of your ability.

You have to remember you are bringing a message to a person who has no idea why you are there. The message you are bringing involves pain. The way you act (your behavior) will be seen as either a caring or uncaring, competent or incompetent person. Prepare before going to the where the individual or individuals will be at. With any serious injury notifications know your information and follow the steps in the serious injury notification guidelines. Before you approach the individual or individuals prepare yourself for their reactions each person will react differently to the message you are bringing to them. The news you are bringing to them has taken away their normal life and many different types of grief’s will be expensed depending on how you deliver the message to them.

Throughout the time you are with the individual or individuals control yourself and your emotions. You need to control the situation as much as possible, try your best not to let the situation get out of hand. Let the individual or individuals get some control back to their lives. Help but let them make decisions. You can ask leading questions in a way that they are making the decisions. Instead of doing all the talking, you can listen to them to help determine what they need and how to help them get some control back to their lives. You must understand that sometimes no matter what you say and how good it sounds to you it is meaningless to the individual. Sometimes all you can do is just be there. You don’t always have to talk sometimes silence is all that is needed. Don’t make this about you do what they need, help them get control back in their lives as much as it can under the circumstances. Be sensitive to their needs and their expectations. Kind words can go a long way, remember appropriate and accepted hugs (different people have different acceptance levels for hugs). In general there are only three safe places to touch an individual: on the hand, on the shoulder and on the upper back. Never touch or hug an individual against her or his will. Never touch or hug an individual against her or his verbally or non-verbally expressed discomfort. Never touch or hug a part of an individual’s body that is typically covered by a bathing suit, unless for a clear medical necessity. Never put yourself in a position to be alone with an individual. Have someone with you or stay in clear sight of others. Always remember there is no such thing as an innocent ‘HUG’ in a trauma situation.

Before doing anything remember you must be invited by the grieving person. Don’t just start saying scripture or praying each must be done by invitation of the grieving person. You can ask them “would you like me pray with you,” this opens the door but don’t be affined if they say “NO” and if they say no don’t pray. Remember compassion is not just feeling sympathy, but you actually do something to help the individual during the times of grieving. People may need rides, phone calls made, baby sitters secured and other individuals notified for them.

The Do’s of SERIOUS INJURY Guidelines or Steps

1. ALWAYS make absolutely sure that the serious injured emergency service worker has been properly identified by department and hospital’s procedures. Even when it is believed that the injured emergency service worker has been recognized, proper procedures MUST be followed. NEVER NOTIFY NEXT OF KIN AWAY FROM THE ORIGINAL SCENE WITHOUT DIRECT PERMISSION OF THE OIC AND AGENCY IN CHARGED OF SCENE.

2. Wear your Crisis Response Team’s ID.

3. Meet with an officer who is handling the case. Confirm who you will be telling.

4. Acquire all the facts – who, what, where, when, and how.

5. Follow the officer in a separate car to the next of kin’s address, or meet at a designated spot before going to the address.

6. At the door, introduce the officer and yourself and tell them that you need to come in.

7. Ask if there is anyone else at home. If yes, have them go and get them (expect small children).

8. Verify who you are talking to and ask all concerned to sit down.

9. Stay as close as you can to next of kin.

10. Relate the message straight out using direct language: “I am sorry, but John was serious injured while on a call.”

11. Be prepared for a variety of reactions but try and keep them seated. Determine if they or the injured emergency service worker have affiliation with a congregation; if so, immediate contact should be made with clergy from that congregation. If possible have an officer or another chaplain to try and make contact with their clergy/church so you can continue your conversation with the family. This might also tend to put the officer (fire, EMS, Rescue or law enforcement) in a light of one whom is there to help also.

12. Plan to stay a while. After the initial shock has subsided, the officer may return to duty.

13. Be honest about the situation but use direction with facts. Some next of kin do not wish to know any further details, some wish to know all the facts. Be aware of possible confidentiality issues.

14. Find out where they have taken the injured emergency service worker.

15. Allow them to grieve and talk.

16. Assist them with necessary phone calls.

17. Stay until closure is reached.

18. Leave them in the care of a relative, neighbor, friend or pastor at the residence.

18. Assist them with necessary phone calls.

19. Stay until closure is reached.

20. Leave them in the care of a relative, neighbor, friend or pastor at the residence.

The DON’TS of SERIOUS INJURY NOTIFICATION Guidelines or Steps

1. Whatever you do - Do not show your prejudices! (a different religious believe than yours, same gender relationships, mixed racial or religious unions, or people living anyway that you may disapprove of). In order to do this job you must know yourself well enough to understand what relationships and situations make you uncomfortable. Remember you may not always know about these in advance so you have to be prepared

2. You must never presume to know how someone feels.

3. You must not feel the need to defend God, the doctors, the hospital, the nurses, the staff, the fire department, the police department, the chief, the deceased, yourself. This is not the time for that there will be time to help them with this later.

4. You must never abandon the hurting person to make it easier for yourself. You need to stay with the person or person until someone else arrives to take your place (like their pastor) or closure is reached.

5. This is not the time and place to use theological or religious language that they may not understand or may to them to be inappropriate now. Remember your theology may not be useful to them at this time. Some things not to say "It is the will of God." “They are in better place now,” “God needed a new flower for His flower gardened,” be careful you do not do more harm by what you say.

6. Most crisis responders think they are exempt from grief reactions during death notifications. You must watch out for your own weaknesses. Just because you have taken classes, had training and are part of crisis response team does not mean you are on top of a serious injuries. You need to remember grief and serious injuries affects each person differently including you. Just because it does not affect you this time does not mean it would the next time.

What is important is that the crisis response person realizes that everyone will not fit into any neat package of how they are going to react. Be prepared for anything.

1. Next of Kin Notification

This notification process is multifaceted and can be implemented in the event of a serious injury to a member of the department. Implementation of stand-alone sections of this manual without activating the plan completely is acceptable. As a general rule, this process should be used in the event that a member would require transportation to the hospital. Severity of injuries will aid in the decision of whether to implement this plan partially or completely with the final decision and responsibility resting with the chief/director/leader for the agency or an appointed designee.

The importance of the NEXT OF KIN NOTIFICATION cannot be over-emphasized. This process will set the tone for many difficult days, weeks, months and years for the hurting family. Sensitivity and compassion are imperative.

Family notification should be made as quickly as possible to avoid the family receiving a notification from another outside party. The media will employ many efforts to seek out the name of the injured emergency service worker. We must use all necessary measures to protect the next of kin from unwanted media exposure.

For this reason, the Notification Team will need to assemble rapidly. The team should be at least two to three individuals with separate vehicles.

The team should be comprised of as many of the following:

1. The Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director, if possible, or highest ranking available Officer. 2. Family Liaison Officer 3. Emergency Service Worker’s friend of the family 4. CISM Team Leader 5. Department Chaplain

• If the injured emergency service worker’s family resides far enough out of the area as to make your department’s participation in the notification impractical, the local Emergency Service Department in the area should be notified to make a timely notification. • Another distinct possibility is that your Department could experience serious injuries to more than one member. This would require multiple notification teams to be assembled and deployed. • Before the team arrives at the residence, verify latest information, and decide who will speak and what will be said. • A word of warning, the family may strike out and blame the department for the emergency service worker getting injured. For this reason, the initial notification and how it is handled is extremely important.

2. Steps to be taken at the residence:

1. It may become necessary to have paramedics’ standby if the people receiving the news are medically vulnerable. If this is done, have the apparatus standby near the residence, but not in view.

2. At the door, identify yourself and ask to come in. (Notification should take place in a private setting.)

3. When inside, ensure you are notifying the right person.

4. Get people in a comfortable or relaxed setting; the most important function of the person making the notification is to put all of the known basic facts into one sentence and tell them.

5. Make sure your message is absolutely clear and direct.

6. Begin with, “I have very bad news” or “I’m very sorry to tell you”.

7. Relate the message straight out using direct language: “I am sorry, but John was serious injured while on a call.”

8. Allow the family to express their emotions. Do not try to talk them out of their grief.

9. This is a very sad time. Do not mask your own grief.

10. Provide only the facts you know, never speculate. If you cannot answer a question, find out the correct answer.

11. Phrases or words to avoid: a. “I know how you feel.” b. “It was God’s will.” c. “Life will go on.” d. “He would have wanted to go this way.” e. “Be brave.” f. “Passed away.”

12. Use the victim’s first name when referring to the injured emergency service worker.

13. Ask if the department can assist by notifying immediate family members (parents, brothers and sisters).

14. With the permission of the next of kin, the department can help setup a support system of clergy, relatives and friends.

15. Never leave immediately after making a notification.

16. Do not leave people without a support system. Wait for others to arrive.

15. Never leave immediately after making a notification.

16. Do not leave people without a support system. Wait for others to arrive.

17. Do not take the injured emergency service worker’s personal items with you. Personal items (especially lockers) may need to be looked over and censored prior to allowing the family access to them. A station officer can review personal belongings within the department before they are released.

18. Ask the family member(s) if they wish to see the injured emergency service worker, even if the body is badly disfigured. People often have a need to see, touch and hold the injured emergency service worker; otherwise they may be in denial. This is often very helpful in the family’s grief process and gives a sense of finality.

19. If family members wish to see the firefighter, arrangements need to be made rapidly for going to the hospital. Sensitivity to the family is very important. Provide the best possible environment and avoid delays that heighten the family’s anxiety.

20. Offer to transport the family to the location of the injured emergency service worker, and help prepare them for what they will see. If the family arrives on the scene, it is advisable to provide them with some type of identification, such as an armband. This will assist the department in locating them on the scene as well as to alert emergency personnel to be sensitive of making comments or statements with the family nearby.

21. If the family wants to drive their own car, have a member of the department accompany them.

22. If you transport the family, turn off your radio and/or advise dispatch that you are transporting the relatives and, if possible, switch to an alternate channel, or communicate by cell phone.

23. If the Department’s Family Liaison Officer is not present at the notification; the family should be given the name prior to the team departing. Write down his or her telephone and pager numbers. If possible, this person should already be known by the family.

24. Have one member of the Department stay with the family, unless the family declines.

25. Advise the family that the Family Liaison Officer will contact them to assist with the necessary arrangements.

26. Ask if the Department can pick up any children who may be away at this time.

27. Advise the family of possible media calls. Unwanted media exposure will only add to the difficulty of this tragedy. Suggest that a friend of the family screen their incoming calls.

28. Assure the family that their wishes are the Department’s number one concern.

25. Advise the family that the Family Liaison Officer will contact them to assist with the necessary arrangements.

26. Ask if the Department can pick up any children who may be away at this time.

27. Advise the family of possible media calls. Unwanted media exposure will only add to the difficulty of this tragedy. Suggest that a friend of the family screen their incoming calls.

28. Assure the family that their wishes are the Department’s number one concern.

29. Ensure that the family understands that they do not have to make any immediate decisions regarding anything, they are to concentrate on the injured emergency service worker.

3. Departmental Notification

Equally important is the notification of your departmental personnel. In the event of a serious injury to a member of the department, it will be very important to quickly distribute as much information as possible.

Depending on the nature of the incident, a department liaison (possibly the PIO) will be assigned. If this is an additional person(s) to the PIO, they will be working closely together to insure an efficient and accurate report is circulated.

1. It will be the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director, or his designee’s, responsibility to notify the appropriate city/county/state officials.

2. The Command/Administrative Staff, to include any officers, which are not assigned to the “Next of Kin Notification Team”, will assemble to prepare for departmental notifications. If this is an ongoing incident, manpower for notification may be limited. Prevention and Investigative Staff as well as non-uniformed administrative staff can also be of assistance.

3. Once initial information is gathered, the team will split up to begin notifications. One staff member will go to each station (if possible), and serve as that stations liaison and Communications Officer. The on duty station lieutenant can also serve in this capacity. The Communications Officer (Comm. Officer) will inform the station of what has transpired and explain the remainder of the notification process.

4. On duty personnel should call their family, without delay, to insure them of their own safety. This is especially important with an ongoing incident. Be cautious of saying too much early on to allow for proper notification of next of kin.

5. It then becomes the responsibility of the on duty personnel, with the help of the Comm. Officer, to begin telephoning off duty personnel to inform them of the incident. This will take place by contacting the off duty personnel assigned to that particular station on their next duty day. For example, (with a 24/48 schedule) if A- shift was on duty, they would contact B-shift and C-shift personnel assigned to that station for their next duty day.

6. In addition to the assigned station personnel, it is important to make arrangements to notify personnel who may be off duty and not assigned to a station. This could include personnel on vacation, exchange of time, sick leave or alternate duty.

7. The only exception to the above process would be the station directly involved in the incident. (I.e. the station that the injured member(s) was assigned to at the time of the incident) Station notifications for on and off duty personnel at the affected station will be handled by the Comm. Officer with the help of additional personnel from the command and administrative staff.

8. It is vital to maintain continuous communication between the family liaison officer, hospital liaison, and department liaison with the department liaison keeping the Comm. Officers updated. This will help to keep information fresh and accurate.

9. Off duty personnel should contact the station they are assigned to for their next duty day to receive follow-up information and updates. This will help to disperse the incoming calls.

10. The importance of Departmental Notification cannot be overemphasized. A serious injury is a true test of a department’s grit and cohesion and open lines of communication will aid in everyone’s ability to deal with this tragedy.

11. In addition to the above, others need to be notified if firefighter involved:

State Fire Marshal's Office or other State Agencies as required State Worker's Compensation Board (within 48 hours) Department's Worker's Compensation Board National Fire Academy/U. S. Fire Administration State Fire Incident Reporting System Federal Public Safety Officers' Benefit Program (PSOB).

a. Office of the State Fire Marshal Physical Location Chapanoke Building 322 Chapanoke Rd Raleigh, NC 27603

Mailing Address 1202 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1202

Phone Numbers (919) 661-5880 (800) 634-7854 (Toll free)

b. North Carolina Fallen Firefighters Foundation 2501 Blue Ridge Road, Suite 250, Raleigh, NC 27607

Main (919) 863-4341 Fax (919) 863-4101

The fire department is responsible for notifying the National Fallen Firefighters Foundation in order to receive the Public Safety Officer’s Death Benefits.

c. North Carolina State Firemen’s Association 323 West Jones Street Suite 401 Raleigh, NC 27603

800-253-4733 Toll-free 919-821-2132 Local 919-821-9382 Fax

Office hours: Monday through Friday, 8:00 am until 5:00 pm.

Office Staff: Executive Director Tim Bradley Assistant Director Ed Brinson Marketing and Conference Manager Kris Wyatt Administrative Assistant Sandie Houck d. VFIS of NC Cloyce Anders 412 Saint Marys Street Raleigh, NC 27605 Phone: (919) 755-1401 1-800-726-1228 Cell#: 1-919-818-6900 e. Workers Compaction – Key Risk All Key Risk offices can be reached at (800) 942-0225. You may also contact us at our Greensboro address. 7900 McCloud Road Suite 300 P.O. Box 49129 Greensboro, NC 27419 Tel: (336) 668-9050 Fax: (336) 605-7544 www.keyrisk.com

Department Serious Injury Notification Flow Chart

Incident

Family Liaison Officer Remains Using the Assemble with Personal Notification Family Team Information Sheet; Make Family Assign Notifications Department Gather as much Liaison or Notify accurate information PIO Families of as possible Personnel Family That Are Liaison NOT On-Going Injured Officer Incident Remains Assign with Hospital Family Liaison (If Applicable) Department Notifications On and Off Continuous Communication Duty Cl

Family Liaison Officer Remains with Family County / City Leaders

Notify OSFM

OSHA Department Hospital And other Liaison or Liaison Agencies PIO Listed In Manual

Coordinator Officer Responsibilities

Coordinator of Agencies

This person will be the contact person for conducting all agencies that are interested in helping with stand–by to run calls til the department can resume the tasks.

Many Agencies all involved during the stay at the hospital for the injured emergency worker. Depending upon the type of injury, the size of the community and the number of calls the emergency service agency runs, stand by units may be need to reduce stress on the agency. If the number of calls does not deem it necessary for stand by units, the agency should still be taken out of service during the first 24 to 72 hours to give them time take care of their injured emergency worker(s) and their department.

Hospital Liaison Officer Responsibilities

Go to the hospital where the injured member was sent. This individual serves as a liaison between the hospital, the PIO, Emergency Service Agency’s Administration, the Incident Commander, and the family by the most efficient means.

Immediate Action 1. Proceed directly to the hospital. 2. Update the Chief of any significant information relating to the patient’s condition. 3. Arrange with the hospital staff to provide an appropriate waiting area for the family, the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director, the Notification Officer, and only those others requested by the family. This area should afford privacy. 4. Arrange for a separate area for fellow Agency personnel and friends to assemble. It should be accessible to the family. 5. Ensure the family is updated on medical status upon arrival. 6. Ensure that the family is updated regarding the facts of incident upon their arrival at the hospital. 7. Ensure that no press releases are made without the expressed authority of the emergency service agency, family or the PIO. 8. Arrange for the food needs of the family while at the hospital. 9. Should pronouncement of his/her death occur, collect all of the personal effects brought to the hospital for the family.

Public Information Officer (PIO) Responsibilities

Control the flow of information to the media. Under no circumstances should a press release Be issued until next of kin notification can be made and the proper authority has been given to issue a news release.

Immediate Actions 1. Collect all facts of the incident as it occurred. 2. Coordinate with the Communications dispatch supervisor (note: use a telephone and not the radio for this communication). a. Advise them on the current situation. b. Instruct them not to issue any statements to the media or anyone else. c. Advise them that they will be receiving a written news release as soon as the next of kin have been notified. 3. Prepare a written press release for review by the Chief or his/her representative. 4. Coordinate all information releases with appropriate Agency, city, county, state or federal officials. 5. Release information on the injured member only after the family has been notified. 6. Information to include injured member's name, rank, age, family status and Agency highlights. 7. Set up a media area to provide updates. 8. Schedule and coordinate pre-press conference meetings. 9. Prepare Agency officials and elected officials for interviews and press conferences. 10. Schedule and coordinate press conferences. 11. Work with Family Liaison to schedule and coordinate family interviews. 12. Determine if the family wants to make a statement. 13. Establish a rumor control section that reports directly to the designated PIO. 14. Consider using CISM Team PIO services.

PIO DUTIES

The PIO is accountable for all of the “official” press releases from the emergency service agency and should be the only spokesperson for the emergency service agency. The PIO needs to obtain the following information about the deceased; full name, address, date of birth, date of death, limited details as to cause of death, next of kin with address/telephone number, children’s names with address/telephone numbers, emergency service agency info (rank, date joined etc.), other information needed for dissemination will be, information on what happen, when it happen, how it happen, extent of injuries, hospital injured emergency service worker(s) taken to, contact person for media information and updates.

It is helpful if you have a photograph of the injured emergency service woker available at the press briefing.

See PIO Info attachment for suggested Do’s and Don’ts as well as tips for conducting press conferences.

PIO INFO

1. What the Public Wants to Know: * Timely and accurate facts Magnitude Immediacy * Duration Who, What, Where, When, Why, How

2. How to deliver information: * Short, concise, focused (12 year-old level) * Relevant Empathy/caring (put yourself in the public’s shoes) * Visuals that enhance communication (maps, graphics)

3. Examples of opening statements: * I want to share with you information pertaining to this incident… * My goal is to keep you informed with the latest, confirmed information regarding this incident… * I know that you are interested in…and I pledge to do everything I can to keep you informed… * I am here to share with you the knowledge and confidence I have in the first responders’ abilities to protect the citizens of our community during this tragic time…

4. Guidelines for answering questions:

1. Be prepared (90-95% of all questions can be anticipated) 2. Determine who will answer questions about specific subject matters 3. Listen (recognize the underlying issue) 4. Keep answers short and focused 5. Practice self- management (control your emotions) 6. Speak and act with integrity (tell the truth, follow up, you are speaking for your organization)

5. Avoiding the Spokesperson Pitfalls:

1. Jargon: Do: Define all technical terms 2. Don’t: Use language that may not be understood 3. Temper Do: Remain calm. Use a question or an allegation to springboard into something positive Don’t: Let your feelings interfere with your ability to communicate positively 4. Attacks: Do: Attack the issue Don’t: Attack a person or organization

6. Promises:

1. Do: Promise only what you can deliver. 2. Don’t: Make promises you can’t keep or fail to follow up on promises

7. Speculation:

1. Do: Provide information on what is being done 2. Don’t: Speculate about worst case scenarios.

8. Off the Record:

1. Do: Assume everything you say and do is part of the public record 2. Don’t: Make side comments or “confidential” remarks

9. Question and Answer Reminders

1. Volume Enunciation/pronunciation 2. Pace/rhythm/pitch Facial expressions and eye contact 3. Posture Gestures Dress and grooming 4. Distractions Watch out for “Uh,” “Umm,” and “You Know.”

10. Answering the Question

1. Make your point first. 2. Be concise, say it in 30 seconds 3. Be as brief as possible 4. Don’t be evasive or try to fake it. 5. If you don’t know, tell them you will try to find out. 6. Never say “no comment.” If you can’t answer the question for a particular reason, say so. 7. If the question is not in your area of expertise, don’t try to answer it. 8. Don’t answer a hypothetical question. Avoid speculating by rephrasing the question on your own terms. 9. Breakdown multipart questions and answer each part slowly and separately.

11. Media Patterns During a Crisis - Most media follow a typical pattern by:

1. Searching for background information 2. Dispatching reporter/resources to the scene (may include both local and national coverage) 3. Obtaining access to the site or spokesperson 4. Dramatizing the situation. Looking for the best way to get the most dramatic video or photography possible 5. Expecting an instant briefing, complete with written information 6. Finding immediate victims and/or people who have been affected/inconvenienced by the situation 7. Expecting YOU to panic 8. Sharing information and sometimes rumors amongst themselves

Family Liaison Officer Responsibilities

The Family Liaison Officer provides the emergency service agency leadership with regular updates on the family’s status and needs. Because of the critical nature of the liaison’s role and the around-the- clock coverage required, a department should appoint a back-up liaison to provide relief as needed. All officers must work closely with the Family Liaison Officer to ensure that the family understands their options and that their wishes are honored.

Family Liaison Officer - The Family Liaison Officer reports directly to the emergency service agency leadership and is responsible for maintaining a communication link between the family and the department. The Family Liaison Officer provides the logistical support to the family throughout the hospital stay and should have a department vehicle assigned to him for the entire time. The duties are as follows:

Along with the Chaplain, provide reassurance and support to the family after the official notification of the next of kin. Discuss all aspects of what happen, the injuries and care to be given. The Family Liaison Officer must be able to relay information to the department as to what level of involvement the department will have during the hospital and afterwards in accordance with the family's wishes.

1. The Family Liaison Officer may also be asked to address the following items by the family and the agency:

1. Birth certificates, marriage certificates, death certificates (Workman's Compensation) NC or military records. 2. Insurance policies. 3. W-2 form. 4. Outstanding loans. 5. Help with other state and federal agencies notifications. 6. Review all outstanding bills. Include the last medical. 7. Determine what is covered by insurance. 8. Mortgage insurance. 9. Workmen's compensation,

Transportation Officer Responsibilities

The Transportation Officer will be responsible for arranging for the transportation for family members as needed and of all visiting out-of-town guests to and from the airports to hospital and .motels/hotels.

1. This includes but is not limited to the following:

• Airports • Hotels, motels • Family home • School/daycares • Food service areas

Note: Where there are insufficient fire department cars, consider the use of other municipal cars, surplus sheriff patrol cars and private vehicles. Provide signs for these vehicles approximately 18 inches long by 6 inches high to read “______Department Courtesy Car."

Also included in the Transportation Officer's duties is arranging for housing as necessary for any overnight guests. This will include arrangements for transportation to the food service areas for visiting officers, dignitaries, and emergency service workers.

Culinary Officer Responsibilities

Culinary Officer (CO) should be appointed as soon as possible. Culinary Officer should have some back ground in the food service. CO doesn’t have to cook the food he/she just needs to organize all food for the family, agency. Beverages for all personnel working during the event need to arrangement.

The CO works closely with the “Officer in Charge”, “Family Liaison Officer” and the “Hospital Liaison Officer”. CO will obtain a head count in each category to start laying out his plan of attack.

CO is responsible for organizing all foods & beverage at the injured emergency service worker’s department, immediately family house, during the event and hospital if needed. Including station coverage by other emergency service departments as needed. CO is responsible for beverage and snacks for the family, injured member’s emergency service departments.

CO shall keep records and receipt for all foods, donations toward food and supplies and present them to the Finance Officer at the end of the event. Many business and civilian will want to do something for the injured emergency service worker so a person shall be assign to keep records of what type of food is coming in and what time it will be delivered to a location, i.e.; station, family house, etc.

CO should work closely with the Finance Officer to design a Form to present to the businesses who donate food and supplies. So they can have it for their records for tax purpose.

CO should contact different restaurants to prepare complete meals and have them deliver it at a set time and location. CO should secure some type of ID or passes for the culinary staff so they can get into the event and thru the crowds and road blocks.

Overview of an event:

Culinary Officer should be included in all meetings.

Auditing Officer Responsibilities

To secure, record and provide for the proper disposition of the personal effects of a member in the event they cannot return to work or in the event of their death. The family should not be the one to “clean out the locker”. Dealing the with personal effects needs to be handle with discretion as this will be a very emotional time for all involved. This should be a process handled in stages according to the emotional state of the agency and the request of the family.

Immediate Action

1. Secure the injured member’s vehicle at the work site.

Responsibilities

1. Secure the personal effects of the deceased member and deliver them to the Chief’s office, pending an inventory. 2. Ensure that all items are kept in a secure location. 3. Conduct an inventory of personal effects and make a written report of all items with the assistance of the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director or designee. This inventory can be written on Agency Letter head and should be done in the presence of the Operations Chief or administrative officer. 4. Coordinate with the Family Liaison Officer for the release of personal effects to the next of kin. 5. Forward written report to the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director or designee for placement into the deceased member’s personnel file.

Accident Investigation

What is an accident and why should it be investigated? The term "accident" can be defined as an unplanned event that interrupts the completion of an activity, and that may (or may not) include injury or property damage.

An incident usually refers to an unexpected event that did not cause injury or damage this time but had the potential. "Near miss" or "dangerous occurrence" are also terms for an event that could have caused harm but did not.

Please note: The term incident is used in some situations and jurisdictions to cover both an "accident" and "incident". It is argued that the word "accident" implies that the event was related to fate or chance. When the root cause is determined, it is usually found that many events were predictable and could have been prevented if the right actions were taken -- making the event not one of fate or chance (thus, the word incident is used). For simplicity, we will use the term accident to mean all of the above events.

The information that follows is intended to be a general guide for supervisors or joint occupational health and safety committee members. When accidents are investigated, the emphasis should be concentrated on finding the root cause of the accident rather than the investigation procedure itself so you can prevent it from happening again. The purpose is to find facts that can lead to actions, not to find fault. Always look for deeper causes. Do not simply record the steps of the event.

Reasons to investigate a workplace accident include: • most importantly, to find out the cause of accidents and to prevent similar accidents in the future • to fulfill any legal requirements • to determine the cost of an accident • to determine compliance with applicable safety regulations • to process workers' compensation claims

Incidents that involve no injury or property damage should still be investigated to determine the hazards that should be corrected. The same principles apply to a quick inquiry of a minor incident and to the more formal investigation of a serious event.

Who should do the accident investigating? Ideally, an investigation would be conducted by someone experienced in accident causation, experienced in investigative techniques, fully knowledgeable of the work processes, procedures, persons, and industrial relations environment of a particular situation.

Some jurisdictions provide guidance such as requiring that it must be conducted jointly, with both management and labour represented, or that the investigators must be knowledgeable about the work processes involved.

In most cases, the supervisor should help investigate the event. Other members of the team can include: • employees with knowledge of the work • safety officer • health and safety committee • union representative, if applicable • employees with experience in investigations • "outside" expert • representative from local government

Should the immediate supervisor be on the team? The advantage is that this person is likely to know most about the work and persons involved and the current conditions. Furthermore, the supervisor can usually take immediate remedial action. The counter argument is that there may be an attempt to gloss over the supervisors shortcomings in the accident. This situation should not arise if the accident is investigated by a team of people, and if the worker representative(s) and the members review all accident investigation reports thoroughly.

Why look for the root cause? An investigator who believes that accidents are caused by unsafe conditions will likely try to uncover conditions as causes. On the other hand, one who believes they are caused by unsafe acts will attempt to find the human errors that are causes. Therefore, it is necessary to examine some underlying factors in a chain of events that ends in an accident.

The important point is that even in the most seemingly straightforward accidents, seldom, if ever, is there only a single cause. For example, an "investigation" which concludes that an accident was due to worker carelessness, and goes no further, fails to seek answers to several important questions such as: • Was the worker distracted? If yes, why was the worker distracted? • Was a safe work procedure being followed? If not, why not? • Were safety devices in order? If not, why not? • Was the worker trained? If not, why not?

An inquiry that answers these and related questions will probably reveal conditions that are more open to correction than attempts to prevent "carelessness".

What are the steps involved in investigating an accident?

The accident investigation process involves the following steps: • Report the accident occurrence to a designated person within the organization • Provide first aid and medical care to injured person(s) and prevent further injuries or damage • Investigate the accident • Identify the causes • Report the findings • Develop a plan for corrective action • Implement the plan • Evaluate the effectiveness of the corrective action • Make changes for continuous improvement

As little time as possible should be lost between the moment of an accident or near miss and the beginning of the investigation. In this way, one is most likely to be able to observe the conditions as they were at the time, prevent disturbance of evidence, and identify witnesses. The tools that members of the investigating team may need (pencil, paper, camera, film, camera flash, tape measure, etc.) should be immediately available so that no time is wasted.

What should be looked at as the cause of an accident?

(a) Accident Causation Models

Many models of accident causation have been proposed, ranging from Heinrich's domino theory to the sophisticated Management Oversight and Risk Tree (MORT).

The simple model shown in the Figure below attempts to illustrate that the causes of any accident can be grouped into five categories - task, material, environment, personnel, and management. When this model is used, possible causes in each category should be investigated. Each category is examined more closely below. Remember that these are sample questions only: no attempt has been made to develop a comprehensive checklist.

Accident Causation

(b) Task

Here the actual work procedure being used at the time of the accident is explored. Members of the accident investigation team will look for answers to questions such as: • Was a safe work procedure used? • Had conditions changed to make the normal procedure unsafe? • Were the appropriate tools and materials available? • Were they used? • Were safety devices working properly? • Was lockout used when necessary?

For most of these questions, an important follow-up question is "If not, why not?"

To seek out possible causes resulting from the equipment and materials used, investigators might ask: Was there an equipment failure? What caused it to fail? Was the machinery poorly designed? Were hazardous substances involved? Were they clearly identified? Was a less hazardous alternative substance possible and available? Was the raw material substandard in some way? Should personal protective equipment (PPE) have been used? Was the PPE used? Were users of PPE properly trained?

Again, each time the answer reveals an unsafe condition, the investigator must ask why this situation was allowed to exist.

(d) Environment

The physical environment, and especially sudden changes to that environment, are factors that need to be identified. The situation at the time of the accident is what is important, not what the "usual" conditions were. For example, accident investigators may want to know: • What were the weather conditions? • Was poor housekeeping a problem? • Was it too hot or too cold? • Was noise a problem? • Was there adequate light? • Were toxic or hazardous gases, dusts, or fumes present?

(e) Personnel

The physical and mental condition of those individuals directly involved in the event must be explored. The purpose for investigating the accident is not to establish blame against someone but the inquiry will not be complete unless personal characteristics are considered. Some factors will remain essentially constant while others may vary from day to day: • Were workers experienced in the work being done? • Had they been adequately trained? • Can they physically do the work? • What was the status of their health? • Were they tired? • Were they under stress (work or personal)?

(f) Management

Management holds the legal responsibility for the safety of the workplace and therefore the role of supervisors and higher management and the role or presence of management systems must always be considered in an accident investigation. Failures of management systems are often found to be direct or indirect factors in accidents. Ask questions such as: • Were safety rules communicated to and understood by all employees? • Were written procedures and orientation available? • Were they being enforced? • Was there adequate supervision? • Were workers trained to do the work? • Had hazards been previously identified? • Had procedures been developed to overcome them? • Were unsafe conditions corrected? • Was regular maintenance of equipment carried out? • Were regular safety inspections carried out?

This model of accident investigations provides a guide for uncovering all possible causes and reduces the likelihood of looking at facts in isolation. Some investigators may prefer to place some of the sample questions in different categories; however, the categories are not important, as long as each pertinent question is asked. Obviously there is considerable overlap between categories; this reflects the situation in real life. Again it should be emphasized that the above sample questions do not make up a complete checklist, but are examples only.

How are the facts collected?

The steps in accident investigation are simple: the accident investigators gather information, analyze it, draw conclusions, and make recommendations. Although the procedures are straightforward, each step can have its pitfalls. As mentioned above, an open mind is necessary in accident investigation: preconceived notions may result in some wrong paths being followed while leaving some significant facts uncovered. All possible causes should be considered. Making notes of ideas as they occur is a good practice but conclusions should not be drawn until all the information is gathered.

(g) Injured workers(s)

The most important immediate tasks--rescue operations, medical treatment of the injured, and prevention of further injuries--have priority and others must not interfere with these activities. When these matters are under control, the investigators can start their work.

(h) Physical Evidence

Before attempting to gather information, examine the site for a quick overview, take steps to preserve evidence, and identify all witnesses. In some jurisdictions, an accident site must not be disturbed without prior approval from appropriate government officials such as the coroner, inspector, or police. Physical evidence is probably the most non-controversial information available. It is also subject to rapid change or obliteration; therefore, it should be the first to be recorded. Based on your knowledge of the work process, you may want to check items such as: • positions of injured workers • equipment being used • materials or chemicals being used • safety devices in use • position of appropriate guards • position of controls of machinery • damage to equipment • housekeeping of area • weather conditions • lighting levels • noise levels • time of day

You may want to take photographs before anything is moved, both of the general area and specific items. Later careful study of these may reveal conditions or observations missed previously. Sketches of the accident scene based on measurements taken may also help in subsequent analysis and will clarify any written reports. Broken equipment, debris, and samples of materials involved may be removed for further analysis by appropriate experts. Even if photographs are taken, written notes about the location of these items at the accident scene should be prepared.

(i) Eyewitness Accounts

Although there may be occasions when you are unable to do so, every effort should be made to interview witnesses. In some situations witnesses may be your primary source of information because you may be called upon to investigate an accident without being able to examine the scene immediately after the event. Because witnesses may be under severe emotional stress or afraid to be completely open for fear of recrimination, interviewing witnesses is probably the hardest task facing an investigator. Witnesses should be kept apart and interviewed as soon as possible after the accident. If witnesses have an opportunity to discuss the event among themselves, individual perceptions may be lost in the normal process of accepting a consensus view where doubt exists about the facts.

Witnesses should be interviewed alone, rather than in a group. You may decide to interview a witness at the scene of the accident where it is easier to establish the positions of each person involved and to obtain a description of the events. On the other hand, it may be preferable to carry out interviews in a quiet office where there will be fewer distractions. The decision may depend in part on the nature of the accident and the mental state of the witnesses.

(j) Interviewing

Interviewing is an art that cannot be given justice in a brief document such as this, but a few do's and don'ts can be mentioned. The purpose of the interview is to establish an understanding with the witness and to obtain his or her own words describing the event: DO... • put the witness, who is probably upset, at ease • emphasize the real reason for the investigation, to determine what happened and why • let the witness talk, listen • confirm that you have the statement correct • try to sense any underlying feelings of the witness • make short notes or ask someone else on the team to take them during the interview • ask if it is okay to record the interview, if you are doing so • close on a positive note

DO NOT... • intimidate the witness • interrupt • prompt • ask leading questions • show your own emotions • jump to conclusions

Ask open-ended questions that cannot be answered by simply "yes" or "no". The actual questions you ask the witness will naturally vary with each accident, but there are some general questions that should be asked each time: • Where were you at the time of the accident? • What were you doing at the time? • What did you see, hear? • What were the environmental conditions (weather, light, noise, etc.) at the time? • What was (were) the injured worker(s) doing at the time? • In your opinion, what caused the accident? • How might similar accidents be prevented in the future?

If you were not at the scene at the time, asking questions is a straightforward approach to establishing what happened. Obviously, care must be taken to assess the credibility of any statements made in the interviews. Answers to a first few questions will generally show how well the witness could actually observe what happened.

Another technique sometimes used to determine the sequence of events is to re-enact or replay them as they happened. Obviously, great care must be taken so that further injury or damage does not occur. A witness (usually the injured worker) is asked to reenact in slow motion the actions that preceded the accident.

(k) Background Information

A third, and often an overlooked source of information, can be found in documents such as technical data sheets, health and safety committee minutes, inspection reports, company policies, maintenance reports, past accident reports, formalized safe-work procedures, and training reports. Any pertinent information should be studied to see what might have happened, and what changes might be recommended to prevent recurrence of similar accidents.

What should I know when making the analysis and conclusions?

At this stage of the investigation most of the facts about what happened and how it happened should be known. This has taken considerable effort to accomplish but it represents only the first half of the objective. Now comes the key question--why did it happen? To prevent recurrences of similar accidents, the investigators must find all possible answers to this question.

You have kept an open mind to all possibilities and looked for all pertinent facts. There may still be gaps in your understanding of the sequence of events that resulted in the accident. You may need to reinterview some witnesses to fill these gaps in your knowledge. • When your analysis is complete, write down a step-by-step account of what happened (your conclusions) working back from the moment of the accident, listing all possible causes at each step. This is not extra work: it is a draft for part of the final report. Each conclusion should be checked to see if: • it is supported by evidence • the evidence is direct (physical or documentary) or based on eyewitness accounts, or • the evidence is based on assumption.

This list serves as a final check on discrepancies that should be explained or eliminated.

Why should recommendations be made?

The most important final step is to come up with a set of well-considered recommendations designed to prevent recurrences of similar accidents. Once you are knowledgeable about the work processes involved and the overall situation in your organization, it should not be too difficult to come up with realistic recommendations. Recommendations should: • be specific • be constructive • get at root causes • identify contributing factors

Resist the temptation to make only general recommendations to save time and effort.

For example, you have determined that a blind corner contributed to an accident. Rather than just recommending "eliminate blind corners" it would be better to suggest: • install mirrors at the northwest corner of building X (specific to this accident) • install mirrors at blind corners where required throughout the worksite (general)

Never make recommendations about disciplining a person or persons who may have been at fault. This would not only be counter to the real purpose of the investigation, but it would jeopardize the chances for a free flow of information in future accident investigations.

In the unlikely event that you have not been able to determine the causes of an accident with any certainty, you probably still have uncovered safety weaknesses in the operation. It is appropriate that recommendations be made to correct these deficiencies.

(l) The Written Report

If your organization has a standard form that must be used, you will have little choice in the form that your written report is to be presented. Nevertheless, you should be aware of, and try to overcome, shortcomings such as: • If a limited space is provided for an answer, the tendency will be to answer in that space despite recommendations to "use back of form if necessary." • If a checklist of causes is included, possible causes not listed may be overlooked. • Headings such as "unsafe condition" will usually elicit a single response even when more than one unsafe condition exists. • Differentiating between "primary causes" and "contributing factors" can be misleading. All accident causes are important and warrant consideration for possible corrective action.

Your previously prepared draft of the sequence of events can now be used to describe what happened. Remember that readers of your report do not have the intimate knowledge of the accident that you have so include all pertinent detail. Photographs and diagrams may save many words of description. Identify clearly where evidence is based on certain facts, eyewitness accounts, or your assumptions.

If doubt exists about any particular part, say so. The reasons for your conclusions should be stated and followed by your recommendations. Weed out extra material that is not required for a full understanding of the accident and its causes such as photographs that are not relevant and parts of the investigation that led you nowhere. The measure of a good accident report is quality, not quantity. Always communicate your findings with workers, supervisors and management. Present your information 'in context' so everyone understands how the accident occurred and the actions in place to prevent it from happening again.

What should be done if the investigation reveals human error?

A difficulty that has bothered many investigators is the idea that one does not want to lay blame. However, when a thorough worksite accident investigation reveals that some person or persons among management, supervisor, and the workers were apparently at fault, then this fact should be pointed out. The intention here is to remedy the situation, not to discipline an individual.

Failing to point out human failings that contributed to an accident will not only downgrade the quality of the investigation. Furthermore, it will also allow future accidents to happen from similar causes because they have not been addressed.

However never make recommendations about disciplining anyone who may be at fault. Any disciplinary steps should be done within the normal personnel procedures.

How should follow-up be handled?

Management is responsible for acting on the recommendations in the accident investigation report. The health and safety committee, if you have one, can monitor the progress of these actions.

Follow-up actions include: • Respond to the recommendations in the report by explaining what can and cannot be done (and why or why not). • Develop a timetable for corrective actions. • Monitor that the scheduled actions have been completed. • Check the condition of injured worker(s). • Inform and train other workers at risk. • Re-orient worker(s) on their return to work.

Day of the Incident and afterwards - Investigations of a Serious Injury Emergency operations are inherently dangerous; however, the data serious injuries presented by the statistics in this document suggest that a significant proportion of injuries, can be preventable.

Evaluating the thermal performance of various types of protective clothing is an example of an area where considerable insight can be gained through accurate anatomical descriptions obtained from individuals at the scene. Toxicological studies can help investigators better understand the effectiveness of SCBA use and operating procedures on preventing fire ground exposures to hazardous atmospheres. Evaluations of body fat, muscle development, and special coronary studies can help develop a database on the relative fitness of emergency service worker. These types of studies will help reinforce lessons which should help the emergency service improve operating procedures, protective equipment, training, and physical fitness. They can also help support the development and use of criteria for regular medical evaluations for emergency service workers.

Appendix 8 - G Injury/Death Investigation Checklist - Initial Information Appendix 8 - H Injury/Death Investigation Checklist - Safety Equipment Appendix 8 – I Injury/Death Investigation Checklist - Specialized Equipment Appendix 8 – J Injury/Death Investigation Checklist - Vehicle Information

Toxicology A complete understanding of the cause of an emergency service worker’s injuries must include some consideration of toxicological agents that may have been involved and how they may have interacted with the injuries’ biological processes and systems to cause the injury. For instance, did the inhalation of carbon monoxide result in cardiac ischemia and subsequent cardiac arrest? Did a toxin enter the body through some route other than the respiratory system? Did protective clothing or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) fail to protect the user, or was the user’s air supply depleted? These conditions are often accompanied by other injuries which may or may not themselves have caused the serious injuries, such as crushing forces or prolonged exposure to high radiant heat levels. Toxicology reports in most injuries document the positive and negative findings of a series of tests conducted to detect specific substances which may have caused the injury. Such tests commonly include tests for the presence of pharmacological agents and illegal drugs. In the case of fire victims, the toxicology report should include blood, urine, other toxicants (and their biomarkers), as well as alcohol and drugs.

The most common products of combustion are carbon monoxide and either soot or ash, however, acrolein, cyanide, formaldehyde, hydrogen chloride, phenol, phosgene, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, water vapor, and carbon dioxide may also be present. Blood tests for the presence of ethyl alcohol are typically conducted to determine whether the emergency service worker was under the influence of an intoxicating beverage at the time of injury. Urinalysis should include tests for the presence of common narcotics, barbiturates, amphetamines, hallucinogens, or cannabinoids.

Tests for other prescription and non-prescription drugs are occasionally performed to detect such compounds as common steroids, analgesics, and other indicators of coexisting illnesses/conditions, as well as of drugs used in emergency resuscitation attempts.

Personal Protective Equipment Detailed knowledge of the manner of injury requires, among other things, an evaluation of the performance of the emergency service worker’s personal protective equipment, which includes protective clothing and breathing apparatus. There is voluminous anecdotal evidence that failure to use proper protective equipment has been responsible for many of emergency service worker injuries, illnesses, and deaths.

The use of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) has significantly reduced the number of emergency service worker injuries and deaths that are attributable to smoke inhalation. While thermal and respiratory injuries remain a concern in cases of emergency service worker injuries, the widespread use of SCBA has introduced new considerations into the evaluation of these injuries. For example, knowing that an emergency service worker’s injury was the result of inhalation of combustion products, when the emergency service worker was using a SCBA, would indicate the need to fully evaluate the performance of the SCBA.

Experts may need to be consulted to determine how an emergency service worker’s protective clothing and equipment performed or failed to perform. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health and several independent consultants are available to assist in the evaluation of personal protective equipment.

Emergency Service Workers’ Health We need to look at the frequency of premature injury rates among active and retired emergency service worker.

A concern for emergency service worker health should begin with prevention. Studies suggest that diet, lack of exercise, and lifestyle may be as responsible for premature emergency service worker injuries as any job-related exposure. The relationships of lifestyle, exercise, and diet with emergency service worker injuries appear to be more than just conjecture. Studies have demonstrated that emergency service workers are more likely than the general population to be injured at a given age, early in their careers, because the type work they do. Emergency service workers tend to retire at a younger age than the general population Trends in Serious Injuries

The adoption of health maintenance and physical fitness requirements for firefighters is a controversial subject and the requirements of NFPA 1582 have not been widely adopted. This subject is further complicated by the provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which may restrict the ability of fire departments to limit the duties of high risk individuals.

Procedures to Follow for Serious Injury Initial Action Plan

As soon as possible after a serious injury has occurred, the Fire Chief shall assign an Investigation Team to conduct an investigation of the circumstances of the event. The objective of this team shall be to thoroughly analyze and document the events leading to the injury and to make recommendations aimed at preventing similar occurrences in the future.

The goals of the Investigation Team are to identify the causal factors pertaining to the event and to recommend actions that would prevent or reduce the risk of a similar event, and to obtain, document and secure evidence that may be a factor in any regulatory actions or litigation resulting from the incident.

If the serious injury occurred at a scene, the Investigation Team report shall be separate and distinct from any scene investigation. A copy of the scene investigator’s report shall be included in the final report package. The Investigation Team report and all related documentation shall be an internal department administrative report.

The investigation of incidents involving serious injury to department members shall be directed by an officer designated by the department administration staff. The Investigation Team shall report through the designated Team Leader, who shall be responsible for the management of the investigative process.

The Investigation Team shall include the Fire Marshal, Safety Officer, City/County Risk Manager, Fire Investigator, Police Investigator, EMS staff member and such additional personnel as may be required by the specific circumstances of the event. All members of the department shall give their full and complete cooperation to the Investigation Team.

Appendix 3 - A Serious Injury Incident Initial Action Flow Chart

1. Duties and Responsibilities of the Investigation Team

1) Within 8 hours of a serious injury the Fire Chief shall notify the N.C. State Department of Labor and Industries at 1-800-625-2267 to be in compliance of N.C. Injury and Illness reporting requirements. 2) N.C. Dept. of Labor states equipment involved in a work or work related accident or incident is not to be moved unless such equipment hinders removal of any victims or could cause further incidents or injury. 3) Gathering and analysis of all physical evidence relating to the event. 4) Interviews of all witnesses with direct or indirect knowledge of the circumstances. 5) Documentation of radio traffic, telephone conversations, photographs, film, videotape and related information. 6) Consultation with persons having special knowledge of the factors involved in the incident, including experts and consultants from the private sector. 7) Liaison with other agencies involved in investigation of the incident. 8) Development of a comprehensive written report of the incident, including conclusions and recommendations.

The Investigation Team Leader shall establish and maintain an ongoing liaison with the City/County/Fire District Attorney’s office relating to the investigation.

The Team shall cooperate fully with all other governmental agencies having legal cause to be involved in the investigation of a serious injury incident, and to cooperate voluntarily, when appropriate, with organizations working in the areas of occupational safety and health education and training.

Other governmental agencies that may be involved in an investigation include:

a. United States Fire Administration b. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health c. Law Enforcement Agencies d. N.C. SBI e. N.C. State Fire Marshal (OSFM) f. N.C. State Labor and Industries g. NC EMS Association

The participation of these agencies shall be at their own discretion, depending on the circumstances of the particular incident. These agencies may or may not produce their own reports of the incident with recommendations or corrective actions. These reports do not supersede the Investigation Team Report.

The Investigation Team shall utilize the resources of individuals and agencies outside the department to assist in the investigation and/or provide technical consultation when necessary.

These resources include:

a. National Fire Protection Association b. International Association of Fire Chiefs c. NC Fireman’s Association d. NC Fireman’s and Rescue Squad Pension Fund Office e. Consultants f. Testing Laboratories g. American Petroleum Institute h. EMS State Agencies

2. DOCUMENTATION

The Investigation Team shall ensure that the scene of the incident is fully documented, including diagrams, photographs and observations. When feasible, all witness interviews shall be recorded and/or transcribed. When recording and/or transcription is not feasible, the investigator’s notes of the interview shall be filed.

Employees shall have the right to have a representative present during an interview.

Incidents Requiring Emergency Medical Treatment: During the notification of family and relatives, it may be necessary to have a paramedic unit to standby. During notifications individuals receiving the news are medically vulnerable.

Have all department personnel to be watchful and if they notice someone needs help: • Either you go or send someone for assistance. • If person is awake and responses have them sit or lie or sit still until a first aid or emergency medical personnel arrive. • If person is unresponsive and you have been trained in first aid then start your assessment until emergency medical personnel arrive. • Render first aid only to the degree you are qualified • Provide information and details regarding the injury or illness and any first aid rendered to emergency medical personnel.

Appendix 3 - B Serious Injuries Fire Department or Rescue Squad Information Checklist

The Investigation Team shall coordinate its activities with the Prevention Division/Police Department to avoid interference in any criminal investigation relating to the incident.

The Investigation Team shall:

1) Obtain and secure tapes and printouts of telephone and radio conversations and CAD transactions relating to the incident. The pertinent aspects of the radio and telephone tapes shall be transcribed. 2) Gather and document any physical evidence relating to the incident in coordination with the Operations Chief and/or auditing officer. Physical evidence shall be secured and labeled, and the chain of custody procedures maintained. 3) Examine all protective clothing, breathing apparatus and equipment used by the personnel involved in the incident as soon as is feasible. A complete physical description of the protective clothing, breathing apparatus and equipment shall be included in the report of the incident. (A performance status report shall be conducted by a qualified professional on all safety equipment). 4) Review and comment on the application of policies and procedures to the incident, the observance of procedures, their effect on the situation and recommendation for changes, additions or deletions.

1) Attempt to obtain any photographs, videotape or other information relating to the incident from news media or other sources. Such evidence shall be obtained with the written agreement that it is to be used only for investigative and educational purposes. 2) Interact and cooperate with Emergency Service Department and Law Enforcement personnel in their activities related to the incident. 3) When feasible, the Investigation Team shall obtain copies of medical treatment records, injury reports and other information relating to members involved in the incident.

The Department Administration shall determine the schedule and method of presentation for the final report of the Investigation Team.

Appendix 3 - C Serious Injury Department/Rescue Squad Contact Checklist

Procedures to Follow for Exposure to Hazards Environments Because of their repetitive exposure to toxic environments and carcinogens, many emergency service workers are concerned that they are at a higher risk to die prematurely, particularly as their longevity on the job increases. The causes of injuries that may occur can sometimes be attributed to one exposure or to a series of exposures to toxins. There have been some major, well documented exposures of emergency service workers to certain known carcinogens. It has been suggested, for instance, that fires in occupancies manufacturing or storing chemicals in Elizabeth, New Jersey and Fort Lauderdale, Florida is responsible for increased incidence of cancer among the firefighters who fought these blazes. In recent years, as many as 29 cases of cancer, including 19 cancer deaths, have occurred among the approximately 100 firefighters who fought a fire in 1968 at the Everglades Fertilizer Plant in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. All but one of these cases was diagnosed after the firefighter had retired or resigned from the fire department. This case prompted the National Institutes of Occupational

Safety and Health (NIOSH) to initiate an epidemiological study of firefighters involved in the Everglades fire.

It can be very difficult to directly attribute a line of-duty exposure, especially if the exposure occurred years before. Many emergency service departments have mandated physical requirements and medical examinations for emergency service workers.

Regular medical exams and physical testing can tract a emergency service workers’s physical and medical status from hire to retirement, and can serve as a baseline against which to compare, especially after an incident or series of incidents where a firefighter may be concerned that an exposure has jeopardized his or her health. Records of exposures to particular toxins should be kept by the emergency service department along with the medical records. Such documentation would be valuable in determining whether an exposure led to medical problems, or other emergency or occupational activities.

Appendix 3 - F Firefighter’s Health and Medical Physical Exam Forms

Occupational Aspects of Emergency Service of Specific Injuries

1. OCCUPATIONAL ASPECTS OF EMERGENCY SERVICE OF SPECIFIC CONCERN TO AUTOPSY

Emergency service worker’s injuries often result from complicated scenarios. Due to the nature of the occupation, an emergency service worker’s injuries could be caused by a wide variety of single factors or a combination of several factors. For example, a emergency service worker’s injuries could be from a stress-induced heart attack caused by simple over-exertion; or an emergency service worker’s injuries could have been from asphyxiation which is actually caused by the failure of his or her breathing apparatus; or a emergency service worker’s injuries could be from hypothermia, resulting from being trapped in a structural collapse or vehicle accident or working outside from extremely cold day. An emergency service worker’s injuries could be caused by the inhalation of toxic products of combustion, burns, traumatic injury, exposure to hazardous materials, radiation, a variety of other singular causes, or a combination of factors.

A better understanding of the actual causes of emergency service worker’s injuries, including all of the causal factors, will require a thorough examination of the protective clothing and equipment that are involved in the incident, a detailed analysis of the situation, and the details that can only be obtained through an proper investigation. Such as carboxyhemoglobin levels and the presence of toxic products in the respiratory and circulatory systems.

The family wishes during the time of a serious injury always comes first.

No matter what the emergency service agency wants for a service, it is up to us to meet the wishes of the family first.

(I)  FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

APPENDICES Appendix 3 - A Support and Contact Information Worksheet Appendix 3 - B Procedures to Follow for ESW Serious Injury Investigation Appendix 3 - C Serious Injury Initial Action Flow Chart Appendix 3 - D Serious Injury Investigation of ESW Information Checklist Appendix 3 - E Serious Injury Investigation of ESW Contact Checklist Appendix 3 - F Serious Injury Action Checklist Appendix 3 - G Injury Investigation Checklist Initial Information Appendix 3 - H Member/Employee’s Report of Injury Appendix 3 – I Incident Investigation Report (Supervisor to fill out) Appendix 3 – J Incident Investigation Report # 1 Appendix 3 - K Checklist When Reporting to OSHA Appendix 3 - L Injury Investigation Checklist Initial Information Safety Equipment Impound Appendix 3 – M Injury Investigation Checklist Initial Information Specialized Equipment Impound Appendix 3 – N Injury Investigation Checklist Initial Information Vehicle Information

Appendix 3 – A: Support and Contact Information Worksheet

Chief: Home Phone:

Cell Phone: Pager:

Public Information Officer:

Home Phone: Cell Phone:

Pager:

Chaplain: Home Phone:

Cell Phone: Pager:

CISM Team Leader:

Cell Phone:

Local CISM Team:

Phone Number/Hotline:

Family Coordinator:

Home Phone:

Cell Phone: Pager:

Hospital Relations Coordinator:

Home Phone:

Cell Phone: Pager:

Benefits Coordinator:

Home Phone:

Cell Phone: Pager:

Coordinator Officer:

Home Phone:

Cell Phone: Pager:

Local Media

Newspaper: Contact:

Contact Number:

Newspaper: Contact:

Contact Number:

TV Station: Contact:

Contact Number:

TV Station: Contact:

Contact Number:

TV Station: Contact:

Contact Number:

Florist

Business Name:

Contact Name: Phone Number:

Business Name:

Contact Name: Phone Number:

Various Support Organizations:

Business Name:

Contact Name: Phone Number:

Business Name:

Contact Name: Phone Number:

Business Name:

Contact Name: Phone Number:

Business Name:

Contact Name: Phone Number:

Appendix 3 – B: Procedures to Follow for Emergency Services Serious Injury Investigation Protocol

I. BACKGROUND The emergency service agencies have a major commitment to improving the health and safety of the emergency service workers. This mission has created an accompanying interest in learning about the causes of emergency service worker’s injuries. In putting this manual together we hope you never have to experience a serious injury with one of your personnel but if it does happen we hope this protocol will provide guidance to medical personnel and others assisting you with the investigation on uniform recommended procedures for investigating the causes and contributing factors related to emergency service worker’s injuries. The protocol recognizes and addresses those attributes of emergency service worker’s injuries which distinguish them from the general population, as well as from civilian injuries. These differences include the use of protective clothing and equipment, prolonged exposures to the hazardous environment, and specialized training and duties. The accompanying documentation is intended to describe the need for the protocol, the situational context under which it was developed, and the major issues that relate to it.

2. Scope of Problem Emergency service workers have been described as one of the nation’s most hazardous occupations. Most all emergency service worker’s injuries are attributed to the improper use or no use of personal protective equipment, not being physical fit, cutting corners and not following proper protocols, vehicle accidents, not paying attention to the surrounding hazards, taking chances and not following the training methods you have been taught, are widely believed to be responsible for most of the injuries associated with emergency service workers.

We are also concerned with occupational health factors as they relate to the frequency of sudden injuries due to heart attacks, as well as chronic conditions which include respiratory disorders, heart disease, and cancer.

3 Rationale for the Protocol The recommended procedures are intended to address the complex relationship between the emergency service worker and the inherently dangerous work environment where the duties of an emergency service worker must be performed.

The work environment of the emergency service worker is inherently dangerous. To survive in that environment, the emergency service worker routinely uses protective clothing, respiratory protection, safety equipment, and standard operating procedures intended to reduce the level of risk, but which cannot eliminate all risks. It is extremely important, in the event of a failure of those protective systems, to fully and carefully determine what, if anything, may have gone wrong and how, if possible, similar occurrences may be able to be prevented from happening again. A thorough investigation may provide some of the essential evidence to make those determinations.

4. After the emergency actions following incidents that cause serious injuries that have immediate symptoms, a preliminary investigation of the cause of the incident will be conducted. The investigation will be conducted by a person designated by the Chief of the Department or the Department Safety Officer. The findings of the investigation will be documented for reference at any time following formal investigations.

5. Within eight hours after a fatality or probable fatality of any member from a work- related incident or the inpatient hospitalization of two or more members as a result of a work-related incident. The (Customize by adding designated person/position here) will orally report the fatality/multiple hospitalization by telephone or in person, to the Department of Labor and Industries, (Customize by adding phone number of local office, see Appendix 7.0 in the Injury and Illness Reports for Fire Fighters Sample Policy), or call the OSHA toll free central number (1-800-321-6742).

6. Equipment involved in an incident resulting in an immediate or probably fatality, will not be moved, until a representative of the consultation and compliance services division of the Department of Labor and Industries investigates the incident and releases such equipment, except where removal is essential to prevent further injury. When necessary to remove the victim, such equipment may be moved only to the extent of making possible such removal.

7. Upon arrival of the Department of Labor and Industries investigator. The Safety Officer or designee will assign as many personnel are as deemed necessary to assist the Department of Labor and Industries in conducting the investigation.

8. The (Customize by adding designated person/position here) will preserve all records, photographic materials, audio, video, recordings, or other documentation concerning an accident for a period of seven years.

9. Injury information will be shared with personnel.

10. RESPONSIBILITY

The duties of the Safety Officer include ensuring that all reportable incidents are investigated and reported.

The Safety Officer will be responsible to define corrective action. Time tables will be established as to when the corrective action will be completed. Every investigation should include an action plan.

(Customize by adding designated person/position here) will ensure that incident reporting procedures are initiated as necessary per Department policy.

11. GUIDELINES

The purpose of an investigation is to find the cause of an incident and prevent further occurrences, not to fix blame. An unbiased approach is necessary to obtain objective findings.

Interview the injured party and available witnesses, as soon as possible, to determine the following: a. Circumstances preceding and surrounding the incident - what were underlying and contributing causes, as well as immediate causes? b. What physical hazards existed at the time of the incident, such as unprotected openings, or housekeeping, slippery surfaces, protruding nails, etc.? c. Were defective tools, equipment or materials provided to workers - or were they improperly used? d. Was personal protective equipment provided, was PPE defective, not used, or used improperly? e. Did unsafe work practices contribute to the incident, including improper lifting or handling of materials? f. What safety rules or safety training might have prevented the incident? g. What unsafe conditions or unsafe actions were caused by a third party, i.e., another Department or a contractor?

If possible, interview injured individuals at the scene of the incident and "walk through" a re-enactment. Be careful not to repeat the act that caused the injury.

Privacy is important during interviews. Interview witnesses one at a time. Talk with anyone who has knowledge of the incident, even if they did not actually witness the mishap. Express sincere appreciation to anyone who helped with the investigation.

Record names, addresses and statements of witnesses. Consider taking signed, dated statements if facts are unclear or an element of controversy exists.

If a third party or defective product contributed to the incident, save any evidence. It could be critical to the recovery of claim costs.

In major incidents, use sketches, diagrams and photos to document details graphically. Take measurements when appropriate.

Define corrective actions that should be taken to prevent re-occurrence.

12. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

(Customize this section by adding any additional policies and deleting those that may not apply to your department.)

Appendix 3 – C: Serious Injury Initial Action Flow Chart

(m) Serious Injury Incident Initial Action Flow Chart

***Below is an example of an organizational chart. The chart will need to be modified to reflect Agency protocols.

Shift Commander

Police Dept. Chaplain

PIO Fire Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director

Operations Chief* Notification Officer

Auditing Officer Hospital Liaison

Department Personnel Family Liaison Notified**

Union

Investigation Team

Appendix 3 – D: Serious Injury Investigation of ESW Information Checklist

Required Agency Information

Needed Document Assigned to (Dept. or Agency Date Pending Completed Obtaining Information) Expected (4) Incident Reports with Original Signature

(4) Training Reports with Original Signature

(4) Injury Reports with Original Signature

(4) If Vehicle Related Copies of Highway Patrol / Police Depts.

(4) EMS / 1st Responder Reports (4) Copies of Chief’s Statement of Detailed Events (4) Copies of Witness Statements (4) Copies of Related Press Releases / News Articles (4) Copies of Interviews with Involved Personnel Required Family Information

Needed Document Assigned to (Family Member Date Pending Completed Obtaining Information) Expected

Appendix 3 – E: Serious Injury Investigation of ESW Contact Checklist

Required Contacts Agency Name Agency Person Time, Date, and Person Information was Reported to Number Responsible for Contacting NC Department of Labor 1-800-LABOR NC (must be done within (ask for complaint 8 hours of incident) desk)

Worker’s Key Risk Compensation 1-888-240-9797 NCLM Carrier 1-800-228-0986

Mailing Addresses for Information once all Folders are Completed Agency Name Agency Address

NC State Fireman’s Association Attn: Tim Bradley (if a member) 323 West Jones Street, Suite 401 Raleigh, NC 27603

NC Association of Rescue and Attn. Gordon Joyner PO Box 1914 EMS Inc. Goldsboro, NC 27533-1914 (if a member)

Public Safety Officers Death Payments and Benefits Bureau of Justice Assistance Benefits 810 7th Street NW Washington DC 20531

Industrial Commission Attn: Brad Donovan 4338 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC, 27699-4338

NC Fireman’s and Rescue Squad State Treasurer’s Office Attn: Rhonda Steven’s

Pension Fund Office 325 North Salisbury Street (Only if a member & Death Certificate only) Raleigh, NC 27603-1385

NC Society of Fire Rescue Instructor’s (if a member)

Once all documents are received the Agency Chief or his designee will mail them each group

Appendix 3 – F: Serious Injury Action Checklist

Serious Injury Action Checklist – First 24 Hours

NOTIFICATION _____ Assign a 2 person team to notify the firefighter’s family, in person, before releasing any information. ______Notify all on and off duty personnel, including chaplain. ______Notify all elected officials and other key people in the community of the injury. ______Notify all other fire chiefs in the jurisdiction.

______Notify the State OSFM, NCFFFF, NCSFA, VFIS of NC and Key Risk/Workers Comp Carrier

FAMILY SUPPORT ______Designate a family support liaison (team) and offer to stay with the family around the clock. ______Designate a hospital liaison, if appropriate. ______Meet with the family to explain all the support the fire department can provide. ______Collect the injured firefighter’s department belongs to give to the family later/ Inventory and document in the presence of a witness.

DEPARTMENT SUPPORT ______Contact the CISM Team/Chaplin ______Arrange a critical incident debriefing for the department.

DEALING WITH THE INCIDENT ______Determine the type of firefighter serious injury investigation to conduct in addition to the NIOSH investigation. (i.e., internal, external board of inquiry; accident.) ______Contact the departmental or jurisdictional attorney regarding possible legal issues.

DEALING WITH THE COMMUNITY AND MEDIA ______Prepare a summary of facts about the firefighter and the incident to use for public release of information. ______Prepare a written statement for the chief or spokesperson to release to the media. ______Hold a briefing with the media.

Appendix 3 – G: Injury Investigation Checklist–Initial Information

Injury Investigation Checklist – Initial Information

Incident # ______(Military Time)

Officer-in Charge per established Incident Command System Time: ______By whom: ______

Secured the scene/area. Time: ______By whom: ______

Removed all non-essential personnel. Secure the scene with marking tape or rope. Time: ______1 entry and exit at the same point 1 Emergency Service Worker to stay at entry/exit point to monitor activity Name: ______

Log names of person(s) entering/exiting ______

Perform only overhaul that is absolutely necessary. Time: ______

Notify local Law Enforcement for assistance with scene security. Time: ______Officer(s) Name: ______

Contact Investigation Officer/Team. Time: ______

Contact ______Time: ______

Appendix 3 – H: Instructions for Report of Injury Form

Your members/employees may use this form to report all work related injuries, illnesses, or “near miss” events (which could have caused an injury or illness) – no matter how minor. This helps you to identify and correct hazards before they cause serious injuries. This form should be completed by members/employees as soon as possible and given to a supervisor for further action.

100

Appendix 3 – H: Member/Employee’s Report of Injury Form Instructions :

I am reporting a work related:  Injury  Illness  Near miss Your Name: Job title: Supervisor: Have you told your supervisor about this Injury/near miss?  Yes  No Date of Incident/near miss: Time of Incident/near miss:

Names of witnesses (if any):

Where, exactly, did it happen?

What were you doing at the time?

Describe step by step what led up to the Injury/near miss. (continue on the back if necessary):

What could have been done to prevent this Injury/near miss?

What parts of your body were injured? If a near miss, how could you have been hurt?

Did you see a doctor about this injury/illness?  Yes  No If yes, whom did you see? Doctor’s phone number:

Date: Time: Has this part of your body been injured before?  Yes  No If yes, when? Employer: Your signature (optional): Date:

101

Appendix 3 – I: Incident Investigation Report (to be completed by supervisor)

Who was involved in the incident?

When did the incident occur?

Where did the incident occur?

Please describe the site of the incident, especially noting any physical conditions which may have contributed to the incident:

Witnesses:

Please describe in detail what happened:

Why did the incident occur? Please describe in detail the cause of the incident.

How can similar illness/injury be prevented in the future?

Other comments:

Date Employee's Signature

Supervisor's Signature

102

Appendix 3 – J: Incident Investigation Report # 1

Instructions: Complete this form as soon as possible after an Incident that results in serious injury or illness. (Optional: Use to investigate a minor injury or near miss that could have resulted in a serious injury or illness.)

This is a report of a:  Death  Lost Time  Dr. Visit Only  First Aid Only  Near Miss

Date of incident: This report is made by:  Employee  Supervisor  Team  Final Report

Step 1: Injured employee (complete this part for each injured employee)

Name: Sex:  Male  Female Age:

Department: Job title at time of Incident:

Part of body affected: (shade all that apply) Nature of injury: (most serious This employee works: one)  Regular full time  Abrasion, scrapes  Regular part time  Amputation  Seasonal  Broken bone  Temporary  Bruise  Burn (heat)  Burn (chemical)  Concussion (to the head)  Crushing Injury  Cut, laceration, puncture  Hernia Months with  Illness this employer  Sprain, strain  Damage to a body system:  Other ______Months doing this job:

(e.g.: nervous, respiratory, or circulatory systems)

103

Step 2: Describe the Incident Exact location of the Incident: Exact time:

What part of employee’s workday?  Entering or leaving work  Doing normal work activities  During meal period  During break  Working overtime  Other Names of witnesses (if any):

Number of Written witness statements: Photographs: Maps / drawings: attachments:

What personal protective equipment was being used (if any)?

Describe, step-by-step the events that led up to the injury. Include names of any machines, parts, objects, tools, materials and other important details.

Description continued on attached sheets: 

104

Step 3: Why did the Incident happen? Unsafe workplace conditions: (Check all that apply) Unsafe acts by people: (Check all that apply)  Inadequate guard  Operating without permission  Unguarded hazard  Operating at unsafe speed  Safety device is defective  Servicing equipment that has power to it  Tool or equipment defective  Making a safety device inoperative  Workstation layout is hazardous  Using defective equipment  Unsafe lighting  Using equipment in an unapproved way  Unsafe ventilation  Unsafe lifting by hand  Lack of needed personal protective equipment  Taking an unsafe position or posture  Lack of appropriate equipment / tools  Distraction, teasing, horseplay  Unsafe clothing  Failure to wear personal protective equipment  No training or insufficient training  Failure to use the available equipment / tools  Other: ______ Other: ______

Why did the unsafe conditions exist?

Why did the unsafe acts occur?

Is there a reward (such as “the job can be done more quickly”, or “the product is less likely to be damaged”) that may have encouraged the unsafe conditions or acts?  Yes  No If yes, describe:

Were the unsafe acts or conditions reported prior to the Incident?  Yes  No

Have there been similar Incidents or near misses prior to this one?  Yes  No

105

Step 4: How can future Incidents be prevented? What changes do you suggest to prevent this Incident/near miss from happening again?

 Stop this activity  Guard the hazard  Train the employee(s)  Train the supervisor(s)

 Redesign task steps  Redesign work station  Write a new policy/rule  Enforce existing policy

 Routinely inspect for the hazard  Personal Protective Equipment  Other: ______

What should be (or has been) done to carry out the suggestion(s) checked above?

Description continued on attached sheets: 

Step 5: Who completed and reviewed this form? (Please Print) Written by: Title:

Department: Date: Names of investigation team members:

Reviewed by: Title:

Date:

106

Appendix 3 – K: Checklist When Reporting to Labor & Industries

(Use for fatalities or for hospitalization of two or more members/employees ONLY)

Date of Incident ______Time of Incident ______a.m./p.m.

Time Reported to L & I (Must be within 8 hours) ______a.m./p.m.

Nature of Incident

Names of Member(s):

If a serious injury has occurred, has next of kin been advised?  Yes  No Has investigator been assigned?  Yes  No Has scene been photographed or videotaped?  Yes  No Was equipment moved prior to arrival of L & I?  Yes  No

Reporting Officer ______

Initials of Safety Officer ______

Date of Reporting ______

107

Appendix 3 – L: Injury Investigation Checklist–Safety Equipment

Safety Equipment Impound Check Sheet

If a single or multiple, seriously injured emergency service worker are transported to medical facilities for treatment, and you cannot secure the emergency service worker(s) personal protective equipment (PPE), you need to call the hospital, local emergency service agency, or State Fire Marshal, NC Association of Rescue and EMS, Inc. to assist with impounding and securing all PPE.

When impounding safety equipment, place equipment into CLEAR, heavy-duty plastic bag(s) and secure the plastic bag with an evidence tag from local Law Enforcement. Impound ALL Safety Equipment that was used by your emergency service worker (s)

SCBA - to include Mask, Straps, Regulator, Harness, Bottle, and Pack.

Location Secured: ______

Timed Secured: ______

Date secured: ______

By Whom: ______

Turnout/Bunker Coat/Hood/Boots - to include liner(s) and tools attached

Location Secured: ______

Time Secured: ______

Date Secured: ______

By Whom: ______

PPE items secures ______

Location Secured: ______

Time Secured: ______

Date Secured: ______

By Whom: ______

108

Appendix 3 – M: Injury Investigation Checklist–Specialized Equipment

Safety Equipment Impound Check Sheet

Specialized Equipment – to include hand, electrical, and power tools

Location Secured: ______

Time Secured: ______

Date Secured: ______

By Whom: ______

Please fill out the Chain-of-Custody portion of this checklist.

Emergency Service Agency Official / LC Fire Marshal

Name: ______

Department: ______

Date/Time: ______

Law Enforcement Officer

Name: ______

Department: ______

Date/Time: ______

NC State Fire Marshal

Name: ______

Date/Time: ______

109

Appendix 3 – N: Injury Investigation Checklist–Vehicle Information

Vehicle Impound Check Sheet

If a single or multiple, seriously injured emergency service worker(s) are involved in a vehicle accident resulting in serious injury the following information is needed. Impound the vehicle and ALL Equipment that was used or on that vehicle.

Safety Equipment Impound Check Sheet

Vehicle and Equipment on or used by that vehicle

Location Secured: ______

Time Secured: ______

Date Secured: ______

By Whom: ______

Please fill out the Chain-of-Custody portion of this checklist.

Emergency Service Agency /LC Fire Marshal

Name: ______

Department: ______

Date/Time: ______

Law Enforcement Officer

Name: ______

Department: ______

Date/Time: ______

NC State Fire Marshal

Name: ______

Date/Time: ______

110

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

111

Chapter 4

Chapter 4: General Guidelines - LODD

When a member of the Fire, Emergency Medical, Law Enforcement or Rescue Services dies in the line of duty, several considerations are crucial for those dealing with the tragedy. These include:

a. Identifying and meeting the needs of the surviving family

b. Ensuring that the needs and wishes of the family always come before the needs and wishes of the department

c. Providing ongoing emotional and spiritual support for the next of kin

d. Using good organization, coordination and communication

e. Maintaining flexibility

f. Monitoring constantly not to overload any individuals

Departmental Administrative Duties The primary goal of the department should be to work with the family, the funeral director and others involved ensuring that the fallen emergency service worker receives a fitting tribute. At all times the department must carry out the wishes and desires of the surviving family regarding the funeral ceremonies. The department’s responsibilities are not the same as those of the funeral director. The department personnel should work with the funeral director in the best interest of the emergency service worker's family.

112

Pre-Incident Planning Pre-planning is essential to ensure the department meets the needs of the family and coworkers.

The form will contain the following information:

a. Complete name of the department member

b. Name and address of next of kin with specific directions to the address as needed

c. Names of parents and children/dependents, including those who may not live with the emergency service worker

d. The emergency service worker’s religion and church affiliation and membership

Photographs The department should arrange for individual photographs of all department personnel and should maintain current photographs in department personnel files. The photos may be needed for immediate identification after an incident. After a line-of-duty death, there will be requests for photos from the media and other sources.

Department Chaplain The department should maintain an active chaplaincy program. The chaplain should be contacted immediately whenever the death of an emergency service worker is imminent or confirmed, regardless of the circumstances involved. The chaplain's services will be available to the surviving family before, during and after the funeral.

Funeral Directors Funeral Directors- Contacts should be made with local funeral directors so that they understand that a local funeral protocol exists for an ESA department. They should also be aware beforehand, of any special needs the protocol may call for. This may be to everyone's advantage and may, therefore, avoid conflicts impacting the survivors due to confusion or lack of coordination..

113

Florists Florists- Local florists should be aware of some of the special floral arrangements that may be called for when a ESW dies. They should also know whom they should contact from other florists who may offer suggestions. Fire, EMS and Law Enforcement each have their symbols to represent their agencies. Some of these special arrangements include, but are not limited to, the following:

a. Maltese Cross; b. Fire department badge; c. Fire department patch; d. Broken rung ladder; e. Fire department bell; f. Crossed pike pole and axe; g. Helmet.

(Note: Often times the above designs may show a cracked or broken article to signify a ESW's loss.)

Local Support Agencies Local Support Agencies- Prior contacts and arrangements should be made with local agencies that could assist in a funeral for a fallen ESW. Some of these agencies may include:

a. Local high school or college band for the purpose of musical arrangements in the funeral procession or interment. This may include a bugler for taps’. Local police or VFW agencies for Honor Guards or firing squads paying tribute to the fallen comrade; b. Local military installations or recruiters for the purposes of support in any or all of the above. This is especially important if the individual is a veteran; c. Other local civic groups that may be sensitive or sympathetic to the loss of a public servant. They may be willing to sponsor or assist in coordinating the financial process of funds for the fallen firefighter's survivors

The department should periodically contact local public safety agencies to maintain a current resource list of: a. Honor Guard and Color Guard b. Bands, buglers, pipers c. Firing squad parties d. Bells for "Last Alarm" service e. Vocal and instrumental performers

114

Ceremonial Clothing and Equipment Just as a department trains and prepares for emergency they should also prepare for funerals and memorials. The department may never experience a LODD but funerals do happen. Also if they would want to take part in a service somewhere else the department should have the following available for use during departmental funerals:

a. Badge and name tag presentation frame b. An extra badge for each rank in the department as well as the name of a source for obtaining a duplicate name tag on an emergency basis c. Presentation flags (U.S., state, municipality, ESA/department) d. White gloves in sufficient numbers for the Honor Guard and eight pallbearers

Essential Positions during the Funeral and Memorial This manual will cover the key positions that should be filled in order to help things run as smoothly as possible. The department should maintain and annually update a list of personnel selected to serve in the following key positions. The responsibilities of the key positions listed below will be discussed in chapter 5 are: • Fire chief/Emergency Service Agency Director • Chaplain • Survivor Action Officer • Notification Officer • Family Liaison Officer • Hospital Liaison Officer • Public Information Officer (PIO) • Coordinator Officer • Even Coordinator • Funeral or Memorial Service Officer • Procession Officer • Service/Church Officer • Final Committal/Cemetery Officer • Transportation Officer • Culinary Officer • Auditing Officer • After Care Family Officer • Weather Watch and Warnings Officer

115

Serve Weather Watches and Warnings Inclement weather may impact upon funeral services. If severe weather conditions are anticipated, personnel involved in coordinating the funeral services should work with the Survivor Action Officer and Family Liaison Officer to implement alternative plans. It is the responsibility of the Weather Watch and Warnings Officer to keep up with the forecast and provide up to date information to key personnel. Always have a backup plan in cast bad weather does occur.

The safety of all personnel is the first concern of the Event Coordinator, and will always be considered in the decision making process.

See Appendix 4 - A Severe Weather Watches and Warnings Definitions

Honor Guard and Color Guard Honor Guard and Color Guard - The department should encourage personnel to participate in a department Honor Guard and Color Guard that will function during emergency service funerals and at other appropriate times.

• If possible, the department should provide the following: • a. Class A ("dress") uniforms with cap, white shirt, black tie, and white ascot, for all members • b. White gloves for all members • c. White shoulder braiding for all members • d. Patent leather low-quarter shoes for all members • e. Parade flags (U.S., state, municipality and fire department) with holders • f. Two display axes with chrome or brass heads

116

Line of Duty Funeral In the event of a Line-of-Duty death, the following protocols will be observed:

(a) An official period of mourning of thirty-days (30) will be declared. All departmental flags will fly at half -staff and all members will wear a black mourning band on their badges.

(b) The station sign of the deceased member(s) will be draped with black bunting.

(d) The member's funeral will be with full departmental honors, to include:

1. Flag draped casket

2. Casket carried on emergency service apparatus

3. Emergency service - pallbearers (8) and Color Guard

4. Apparatus procession

5. Honor Guard

6. Bagpipers

7. Last alarm ceremony

8. Ladder arch

9. Bugler playing taps

10. Eulogy and speeches by ESA Director and Dept. Officials

117

Station Preparations

The ESA/Station is normally draped in black bunting to symbolize mourning. There is no “official” way of doing this. The normal practice is to drape black cloth around the front of the building and apparatus bay doors. Similarly the apparatus is draped in black. Again, there is no “official” way to do this; however, it must be done with dignity and honor. Black wreaths are sometimes placed on the grille work of the apparatus and cloth draped on the front and sides. If the rig is taken out of service for the duration of the funeral, the draping can be done almost immediately. If the apparatus is to be used in the funeral procession, all red warning lights are normally covered with black bunting or black tape and NOT turned on. If American flags are displayed, they too should be covered in black. A temporary memorial is sometimes place in front of the station consisting of a turnout coat, boots and helmet on a chair or stand along with a candle and flowers. This gives community members the opportunity to add to the memorial anonymously to pay their respects.

For the individual emergency service workers, a mourning ribbon is usually worn. This consists of a piece of black ribbon approx. 1/8” wide x 5” in length folded over itself and attached with a small safety pin. When in uniform, a black elastic badge band should be utilized, if elastic bands are not available, black electrical tape will suffice. Sufficient quantities of ribbons should be on hand for visiting fire fighters to wear.

During the Emergency Service Department informational meeting for members the following committees should be set up to take care of station preparations:

(1) Food, there should be a supply of food and beverages in station for members that are working there as well as visitors. Contact the local food bank and/or churches to dispose of excess food after the funeral service. (2) House duties, cleaning of the station may be necessary to prepare for hosting large number of visitors, keeping in mind the forgettable things such as, toilet paper, paper towels, emptying trash, etc. (3) Manning phones, telephones should be manned to give information to out of town emergency service workers; this should be done uniformly with a written statement from the PIO. Forms should be nearby to record all calls to track the number of apparatus and emergency service workers planning on attending both the Memorial and Funeral services. If possible, provisions should be made to have the station “online”, the age of computerization is here and this capability would make the exchange of information much more efficient and timely.

118

(4) Bunting/ribbons, have a group obtain the necessary materials to drape the Station and to make the mourning ribbons. If the Emergency Service Department has a Ladies Auxiliary, the ribbons are normally done by them. (5) Memorial Service, a small committee should be set up to take care of the details of a Memorial Service. See Memorial Service page for details. (6) Honor Guard’s, obtain an Honor Guard for the Memorial Service to stand at the Head and Foot of the casket during the Service. An Honor Guard is appropriate for the Funeral Services also, the difference is during the Memorial Service only two people are used at a time, at the Funeral a full Honor Guard complete with flags will be used. Research local Honor Guards prior to needing them.

119

Day of Funeral

You should plan on arriving in the area of the Church/Funeral Home approx. four hours before the Funeral Service. Four to six people should be available to assist with parking emergency service apparatus. Line up of the apparatus should be from the Church to the Cemetery. You must take into account the width of the roadway and number of lanes. The purpose of visiting Emergency Service Department’s bringing apparatus is to honor the fallen emergency service worker not to parade. The moving of apparatus during the Funeral procession, the three goals is to see that the Funeral procession is personal, brings honor to the fallen emergency service worker and his family, and is done safely. Depending on the wishes of the Minister, seating for Dignitaries would be on the opposite side from the immediate family with the home emergency service department either sitting behind the family or Dignitaries depending on family wishes. Seating of the family, dignitaries and emergency service department’s depends upon the Minister and Funeral Director.

Typically the Funeral Director seats the family and the emergency service department’s staff member seats the dignitaries and emergency service departments’.

At the end of the Funeral the emergency service departments’ and dignitaries are excused and lined up at the entrance to the Church, coordinating with the Honor Guard. The officer in charge of the Honor Guard then takes command of the emergency service departments and issues the orders during the removal of the casket.

The Honor Guard typically travels to the cemetery ahead of the Funeral procession, offers honors graveside and folds and American Flag that is draped over the casket and presents to the deceased next of kin. At the same time, if wanted, bagpipes play and/or bugler. If the family wishes, arrangements can be made with an area Medical Helicopter to do a fly over graveside at the end of the graveside ceremony. This is done to honor the deceased and gives closure graveside.

120

Memorial Fund

When the emergency service department’s sets up a Memorial Fund, it is much easier to set up a savings account in the name of the emergency service departments for “Name of Deceased Memorial Fund”. If a “Trust Fund” is setup there are more difficult tax liabilities and other problems that will be encountered.

Memorial Fund Other Considerations

If services will occur outside the local area, the department should coordinate all planning steps with officials and agencies in that location. If possible, representatives from fire and police departments in all the communities involved should participate in the planning.

For a line-of-duty death, a large contingent of out-of-town fire service personnel will want to attend the funeral. If there will be a procession from the funeral home to the church, ask these emergency service departments to report directly to the church for staging prior to the start of the procession from the funeral home.

All emergency service workers and emergency service vehicles may take part in the procession from the funeral or memorial site to the place of final committal. If there will be a procession of emergency service workers marching to the church, only members from the fallen emergency service worker’s department should participate.

121

Incidents Requiring Emergency Medical Treatment: During the notification of family and relatives, day of visitation and funeral/memorial service it may be necessary to have a paramedic unit to standby. During notifications individuals receiving the news are medically vulnerable. Also the day of visitation and funeral/memorial services individuals can become overwhelmed from all the stress they are going through. Have all department personnel to be watchful and if they notice someone needs help: • Either you go or send someone for assistance. • If person is awake and responses have them sit or lie or sit still until a first aid or emergency medical personnel arrive. • If person is unresponsive and you have been trained in first aid then start your assessment until emergency medical personnel arrive. • Render first aid only to the degree you are qualified • Provide information and details regarding the injury or illness and any first aid rendered to emergency medical personnel.

122

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

APPENDICES Appendix 4 - A Severe Weather Watches and Warnings Definitions

123

Appendix 4 – A: Severe Weather Watches and Warnings Definitions

• Flood Watch: High flow or overflow of water from a river is possible in the given time period. It can also apply to heavy runoff or drainage of water into low-lying areas. These watches are generally issued for flooding that is expected to occur at least 6 hours after heavy rains have ended. • Flood Warning: Flooding conditions are actually occurring or are imminent in the warning area. • Flash Flood Watch: Flash flooding is possible in or close to the watch area. Flash Flood Watches are generally issued for flooding that is expected to occur within 6 hours after heavy rains have ended. • Flash Flood Warning: Flash flooding is actually occurring or imminent in the warning area. It can be issued as a result of torrential rains, a dam failure, or ice jam. • Tornado Watch: Conditions are conducive to the development of tornadoes in and close to the watch area. • Tornado Warning: A tornado has actually been sighted by spotters or indicated on radar and is occurring or imminent in the warning area. • Severe Thunderstorm Watch: Conditions are conducive to the development of severe thunderstorms in and close to the watch area. • Severe Thunderstorm Warning: A severe thunderstorm has actually been observed by spotters or indicated on radar, and is occurring or imminent in the warning area. • Tropical Storm Watch: Tropical storm conditions with sustained winds from 39 to 73 mph are possible in the watch area within the next 36 hours. • Tropical Storm Warning: Tropical storm conditions are expected in the warning area within the next 24 hours. • Hurricane Watch: Hurricane conditions (sustained winds greater than 73 mph) are possible in the watch area within 36 hours. • Hurricane Warning: Hurricane conditions are expected in the warning area in 24 hours or less.

124

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

125

Chapter 5

Chapter 5: Funeral Types and Level of Service Provided for Each

The death of an emergency worker may occur under a variety of circumstances. Based on the circumstances, the department should provide appropriate services from the planning of the funeral through the survivor follow-up process. To ensure all fallen emergency service workers are honored in a consistent manner, the department should adopt a policy on the types of services it will provide.

• Formal Funeral Service (Circumstance Level 1 and 2) • Semi-Formal Service (Circumstance Levels 3, 4, and 5) • Non-Formal Service (Circumstance Level 6 • Private Service Closed to any outside participation with the expectation of the immediate family (Circumstance Level 6)

These are just guidelines the department or agency may decide to add or delete services offer from any the levels listed in this manual. The items listed in each level are what is usually offered during emergency service department’s funerals and memorials. This manual is just a guideline for you to use to help you to decide on how to plan the service.

126

Definitions to help determine the type and level of service

• Line-of-duty: The death must be the result of a traumatic injury suffered in the line of duty. • Job-related traumatic injury: A blow to the body by an outside force, e.g., crushing injuries suffered in a building collapse, apparatus accident or fall. Burns, smoke inhalation and such climactic injuries as heatstroke or frostbite are considered traumatic injuries. • Job-related non-traumatic injury: A non-traumatic injury that is strongly believed or has been proven to be attributable to the job. Examples are stress, heart attacks, strokes, diseases and mental illness (suicide). • Active member: A full-time or volunteer member of a fire or emergency medical service agency serving in an active capacity. • Inactive member: A retired or former member of an emergency service departments. • Affiliate member: An individual who has served in some capacity with the department, such as a commissioner, trustee, dispatcher, etc. • Non-job-related death: Deaths, natural and traumatic, that are not related to fire or emergency medical service or law enforcement duty. (Circumstance Level 1 and 2)

127

Type One / Level One Service

Type One / Level One Service: A line-of-duty or job-related death. This may include an inactive member whose death has stemmed from an injury sustained during active duty. All funeral options offered to the emergency worker’s family. The funeral service may include all honors and assistance. The deceased can be brought to the gravesite on an agency apparatus and will be afforded uniformed pallbearers, honor guard and equipment procession.

• Level 1 Honors Bestowed Level One Funeral Service- Honors bestowed for the line-of-duty death of any active, uniformed member of the Department or Company. This may include a death stemming from injuries or illness while on duty. o All military standards observed o All Flag Protocols Observed o Department Honor and Color Guard

o Station and apparatus bunting o o Static display of apparatus o Death Watch o Casket Vigil o Honorary Pallbearers o Department apparatus used as caisson

o Department apparatus used as a flower truck

o Family transportation o Honor Guard Casket Team o Helmet and badge presentation o Medal presentation for _____ members o Flag Presentation o Crossed aerial ladders with flag drape o Bell Ringing Ceremony o Final tone-out o Bugler playing Taps (if Veteran or law enforcement) o Bagpiper playing at graveside (non-Veterans)

o Fly over (helicopter) o Firing Party/rifle volley salute (if Veteran or law enforcement officer)

128

Type One / Level One Service Guidelines for the Funeral / Memorial Service for Line of Duty Death

Line of Duty Death: 1. All available Department personnel to attend in full class “A” dress uniform, including off-duty members. 2. All members will wear a black band (shroud) over their badges from the time of death until 24 hours following the completion of the service. 3. All Department/District flags will fly at half-staff from the time of death is announced until at least 24 hours after the conclusion of the services. 4. All regular Department personnel will remain covered (dress hat) while outdoors, except during prayers, and uncovered indoors during the service. 5. All Honor Guard and Pallbearers will remain covered at all times. 6. Seating will be reserved so that the family is nearest the casket, followed by the department’s officers, in descending rank, and then by all members of the home department. Following that will be all the visiting uniformed emergency service departments, from the longest distance to the shortest distance traveled (elected officials will be seated on either side of the emergency service departments, or directly behind the home department). 7. Upon conclusion of the service, all personnel, except the pallbearers and the immediate family will exit the church and prepare for the passing of the casket. 8. The casket will precede the family, filing through the assembled emergency service departments to the Apparatus or the Funeral Coach of choice. 9. As the casket exits the church the immediate family will follow. The extended family and all other attendees will follow accordingly. 10. The pallbearers will place the casket into the funeral coach or apparatus.

Line of Duty Death of a Emergency Service Worker A death that occurs on-the-job, or as a result of an illness that occurred while performing their duties (i.e.; emergency service worker was disabled and is on workers compensation and dies of those injuries/illness) is considered a “Line of Duty Death” (LODD). In either event, the death is a traumatic event for the family, relatives, and the members of the department. On these tragic and usually sudden occasions, there are many details to consider when honoring the fallen comrade with a proper department burial. A Line of Duty Death should get full funeral/burial honors as listed in this guideline.

129

SUGGESTED SERVICES FOR FUNERALS

LODD Honor Guards at Doors yes Post Colors next to casket yes Casket Guard Detail yes Uniformed Walk through yes Honor Guard Pallbearers yes American Flag on casket yes Badge Shrouds yes Eulogy by Fire Service yes Bagpiper yes Emergency Service caisson yes Crossed Ladders yes Emergency Service Procession yes Apparatus bunting yes Station bunting yes Bell Service yes Last Tone yes Bugler yes Fly Over by helicopter opt opt= optional

130

Type Two / Level Two Service

Type Two / Level Two: A non-job-related death of an active member. All funeral options listed in Level 1 are offered to family. Honors bestowed for the off duty, or non-duty related death of an active uniformed member of the Department or Company.

• Level 2 Honors Bestowed o All military standards observed o All Flag Protocols Observed o Department Honor and Color Guard o o Station and apparatus bunting o o Static display of apparatus o Death Watch o Casket Vigil o Honorary Pallbearers o Department apparatus used as caisson

o Department apparatus used as a flower truck

o Family transportation o Honor Guard Casket Team o Helmet and badge presentation o Medal presentation for _____ members o Flag Presentation o o Non-Crossed aerial ladders (straight up) with flag drape o Bell Ringing Ceremony o Final tone-out o Bugler playing Taps (if Veteran or law enforcement) o Bagpiper playing at graveside (non-Veterans) o Firing Party/rifle volley salute (if Veteran or law enforcement officer)

131

Type Two / Level Two Service Guidelines for the Funeral / Memorial Service for Off Duty Death

Off-Duty Death (family request):

1. All available Department personnel are asked to attend in full class “A” Dress uniform, including off-duty members. 2. All members will wear a black band (shroud) over their badges from the time of death until the conclusion of the service. 3. All Department flags will fly at half-staff the day of the service from 0800 hours to the conclusion of the services (lowering of flags may require elected officials approved depending on agency). 4. All regular Department personnel will remain covered (dress hat) while outdoors, except during prayers, and uncovered indoors during the service. 5. All Honor Guard and Body Bearers will remain covered at all times. 6. Seating will be reserved so that the family is nearest the casket, followed by the department’s officers, in descending rank, and then by all members of the home agency. Following that will be all the visiting uniformed Emergency Service Workers, from the longest distance to the shortest distance traveled (elected officials will be seated on either side of the Emergency Service Workers, or directly behind the home department). 7. Upon conclusion of the service, all personnel, except the pallbearers and the immediate family will exit the church and prepare for the passing of the casket. 8. The casket will precede the family, filing through the assembled Emergency Service Workers to the apparatus or the funeral coach of choice. 9. As the casket exits the church, the immediate family will follow. The extended family and all other attendees will follow accordingly. 10. The Pallbearers will place the casket into the funeral coach or apparatus.

Non-Duty Death of an Emergency Service Workers a death of an active duty Emergency Service Workers that occurs at a time other than when they are on-duty and that is not work related to his job in the fire service is considered a “Non-Duty Death of an Emergency Service Workers.”

Retired Fire Fighter. A death of an Emergency Service Workers that occurs after they retire from the service is considered a “Retired Emergency Service Worker” death. The funeral protocol shall be conducted in the same manner as a Non-Duty Death

132

SUGGESTED SERVICES FOR FUNERALS

Active non-LODD/ or Retired Honor Guards at Doors no Post Colors next to casket opt. Casket Guard Detail opt. Uniformed Walk through yes Honor Guard Pallbearers opt. American Flag on casket if veteran Badge Shrouds no Eulogy by the Department opt. Bagpiper no. Apparatus as caisson no Crossed Ladders no Emergency Service Procession one truck Apparatus bunting no Station bunting no Bell Service yes Last Tone opt Bugler no

133

Type Three / Level Three Service

Type 3 / Level Three: A non-job-related death of an inactive or affiliate member. Left up to family and department to level that will be offered. Honors bestowed for the non-line-of-duty death of an active non-uniformed member; retired member (whose death is not attributed to a line-of-duty injury or incident); honorary member; or a member’s spouse or children.

• Level 3 Honors Bestowed o All military standards observed o All Flag Protocols Observed o Department Honor and Color Guard o o Station and apparatus bunting o o Static display of apparatus o Death Watch o Casket Vigil o Honorary Pallbearers o o

o o Honor Guard Casket Team o o o Flag Presentation o o Bell Ringing Ceremony o Final tone-out o Bugler playing Taps (if Veteran or law enforcement) o Bagpiper playing at graveside (non-Veterans) o o Firing Party/rifle volley salute (if Veteran or law enforcement officer)

The following levels (4, 5, and 6) are optional and should be decided by department policy.

134

Type Three / Level Three Service Guidelines for the Funeral / Memorial Service for Active-non Uniformed or Retired Member

Non—line-of-duty death of an active non uniformed or Retiree Member Death:

1. All available Department personnel will be encouraged to attend in full class “A” dress uniform, including off-duty members. 2. All members attending the funeral service will wear a black band (Shroud) over their badge. 3. All Department/District flags will fly at half-staff the day of the service from. 0800 hours to the conclusion of the services. 4. All regular Department personnel will remain covered (dress hat) while outdoors, except during prayers, and uncovered indoors. 5. All Honor Guard and Pallbearers will remain covered at all times. 6. Seating will be reserved so that the family is nearest the casket, followed by the department’s officers, in descending rank, and then by all members of the home department. Following that will be all the visiting uniformed Emergency Service Workers. Officials will be seated on either side of the Emergency Service Workers s, or directly behind the home department. 7. Upon conclusion of the service, all personnel, except the pallbearers and the immediate family, will exit the church and prepare for the passing of the casket. 8. The casket will precede the family, filing through the assembled Emergency Service Workers to the funeral coach of choice. 9. As the casket exits the church, the immediate family will follow. The extended family and all other attendees will follow accordingly. 10. The Pallbearers will place the casket into the funeral coach

135

SUGGESTED SERVICES FOR FUNERALS

Active non-LODD/ or Retired Honor Guards at Doors no Post Colors next to casket opt. Casket Guard Detail opt. Uniformed Walk through yes Honor Guard Pallbearers opt. American Flag on casket if veteran Badge Shrouds no Eulogy by the Department opt. Bagpiper no. Caisson no Crossed Ladders no Procession one truck Apparatus bunting no Station bunting no Bell Service yes Last Tone opt Bugler no

136

Type Four / Level Four Service

Type 4 / Level Four: A member or honorary member of the department or Volunteer Association who is currently active or who has retired in good standing and suffers an event or series of events that results in his or her death.

• Level 4 Honors Bestowed o All military standards observed o All Flag Protocols Observed o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Flag Presentation o o Bugler playing Taps (if Veteran or law enforcement) o Bagpiper playing at graveside (non-Veterans) o o Firing Party/rifle volley salute (if Veteran or law enforcement officer)

137

Type Five / Level Five Service

Type 5 / Level Five: Affiliate of the Department - An individual who has served in some capacity with the department, such as a Commissioner, Chief, Dispatcher, or other job function and does not meet any of the above criteria, but suffers an event or series of events that results in his or her death.

• Level 5 Honors Bestowed o All military standards observed o All Flag Protocols Observed o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Flag Presentation o o Bugler playing Taps (if Veteran or law enforcement) o Bagpiper playing at graveside (non-Veterans) o o Firing Party/rifle volley salute (if Veteran or law enforcement officer)

138

Type Six / Level Six Service

Type 6 / Level Six: Non- Emergency Service Workers - Individual Honored by the Department - A non- Emergency Service Worker is a individual who through employment, Volunteer Association, professional or emotional tie suffers an event or series of events that results in his or her death. This may be applied to an individual the department or Volunteer Association wishes to pay a special tribute to for their contribution to the department and/or service. This may also be used when an immediate relative of a department member dies.

• Level 6 Honors Bestowed o All military standards observed o All Flag Protocols Observed o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Flag Presentation o o Bugler playing Taps (if Veteran or law enforcement) o Bagpiper playing at graveside (non-Veterans) o o Firing Party/rifle volley salute (if Veteran or law enforcement officer)

139

Honorary Emergency Service Workers Personnel / Affiliate of the Department / or Non- Emergency Service Individual. An Honorary Emergency Service Worker, is a civilian who was appointed by a department, Mayor, or City/Township Supervisor/Manager for significant service or dedication to the emergency service. Their death may be marked with an “Honorary Emergency Service Workers funeral.

Affiliate of the Department an individual who has served in some capacity with the department, such as a Commissioner, Chief, Dispatcher, or other job function and does not meet any of the above criteria

Non-Fire Emergency Service Workers this may be applied to an individual the department or Volunteer Association wishes to pay a special tribute to for their contribution to the department and/or service. This may also be used when an immediate relative of a department member dies.

SUGGESTED SERVICES FOR FUNERALS

Honorary/Affiliate or Non-fighting Individual

Honor Guards at Doors no Post Colors next to casket . no Casket Guard Detail no Uniformed Walk through yes Honor Guard Pallbearers opt American Flag on casket if veteran Badge Shrouds no Eulogy by the department opt. Bagpiper no Service caisson no Crossed Ladders no Service Procession one truck Apparatus bunting no Station bunting no Bell Service no Last Tone no Bugler no

140

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

141

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

142

Chapter 6

Chapter 6: Funeral or Memorial

Service Planning Considerations

There are many ways for the department to offer help for the funeral or memorial service. Some families will welcome all offers of help, while others may choose to have no departmental involvement. The family must always be allowed to make that choice.

Honor Guard If the family requests an Honor Guard, the Funeral Officer should coordinate with Honor Guard personnel to schedule Honor Guard activities according to the family’s and funeral director's wishes. The following basic rules apply to these activities:

Aside from the accident prevention benefits, good housekeeping means efficient performance. When materials, tools, and equipment all have a place, and are returned to the proper place after use, they are easier to find and easier to inspect for damage and wear.

a. Two Honor Guard members should be posted at the casket. During viewing hours, they should be posted at the head and at the foot. b. There should be a minimum of four Honor Guard members for each set of viewing hours. c. Honor Guard members should rotate at 15-minute intervals. Relief guards should march up together. Posted guards should come to attention and smartly make the transfer and then march off together. d. Posted Honor Guard should assume the position of parade rest. e. American and department flags (or a state flag, if there is no departmental flag) should be posted at the casket. f. Honor Guard members should wear Class A uniform, if available, with white gloves. They should use black mourning bands over uniform badges. If a department does not have Class A uniforms, dress uniforms are an acceptable option.

143

The Honor Guard Officer will oversee all of the Color Guard, the Casket Detail, outside agency Honor Guards, Pipe and Drum Corps, Bugler, and the Bag Piper.

When appropriate, an honor guard and casket detail will be needed during the viewing hours at the funeral home. The Honor Guard Officer should coordinate this with the funeral director. There may be times when the family wishes you not to be present and we must respect the family needs.

Observe the following basic rules: 1. Arrange to have a casket detail of two Emergency Service Workers posted at the casket at all times during viewing hours. 2. Assign a minimum of four members for each set of viewing hours. 3. Formulate a schedule of personnel who commit to specific shifts. This important duty cannot be left to personnel who might be available at the funeral home. 4. Post the American and Department flags at the casket prior the viewing. 5. Rotate honor guards at 15-minute intervals. 6. Honor guard shall wear dress uniforms with white gloves and caps on. 7. For LODD funerals, honor guards wearing conventional Class A uniforms will cover their badges with black mourning bands. Honor Guards in full dress honor guard uniforms will not cover their badges. 8. Honor Guard personnel wearing full dress honor guard uniforms will remain in full uniform with cap when on a detail in the church or funeral home. Honor Guard personnel fulfilling a duty (casket detail, pall bearer, doors, etc) will maintain their cap inside the building. All other uniformed personnel will remove their cap inside a building, and carry it under their left arm.

CHANGING OF GUARDS: The Honor Guard Officer will brief everybody on when and how the changing of the casket detail will take place. Changing of the casket detail may vary in how you switch at the casket do to the crowding of people viewing and the location flowers. A member of the emergency service department may have to go ahead of the guards to have the crowd step back during this time. When it’s time to change the guards, one member of the two guards will act as a sergeant of arms. The other guard will follow exactly what he does.

The following is a guide line on how it can be done.

(TEAM #1 – Initial Entry) Two Honor Guards approach the casket walking side by side. They stop in front of the casket and pause, they slowly salute. Then turn in opposite of each other and take two steps, and turn towards the casket with one at the head and the other one at the foot. They take two steps toward the casket, turn about-face to face the front of the church/funeral home, and stand at a “Parade Rest”. They stay in this position for 15-min.

144

(TEAM #2 - Relief) Two Honor Guards approach the casket in the same manner as above. When they stop at the casket, Team #1 comes to Attention. Team #2 will slowly salute, then turn opposite of each other, take 2 steps, and turn facing Team #1 and stop. Team #1 side face away from the casket, take one step, stop and side face toward the front.. Team #2 steps forward and about-face to face the front of the church/funeral home. Team #1 steps forward 2 steps, turns toward his partner, and steps toward his partner to the center aisle. Team #1 turns toward the casket, pause, slowly salute, and then turn about-face and walk away slowly. Team #2 stands at parade rest when team #1 performs the final about-face.

145

Casket Watch Procedures To many in the honor guard world the term casket watch, is an unknown term. That is unless you are on an LEO, firefighter or EMS honor guard. These members have known of and performed a casket watch for many years for their fallen. Let’s get into what casket watch is and how it is performed. There are three parts to a casket watch: 1. Watch Guard Entrance/Initial Post 2. Watch Guard Change 3. Watch Guard Final Watch

The members of the casket watch are: 1. Watch Commander 2. Watch Members (These members can be specifically identified, if you choose)

If selected as part of the funeral protocol, two unarmed or armed (rifle, sword/saber, fire axe or pike pole) Honor Guard members watch over the casket of the fallen during the viewing or wake. In most cases these members take their positions at the foot and head of the casket at Attention/Stand at Ease. Depending on the duration of the viewing or wake, watch shifts established. The Watch Commander (WC) can be armed with a sidearm. If a WC is not present, either of the watch guards will call the commands. Armed/unarmed does not matte

146

Watch Guard Initial Post At the beginning of the first watch, two guards and the Watch Commander (WC) enter the room (from either side or the front) where the watch is taking place. For this manual we will assume an entrance from the front. All commands are subdued. No facing movements (except Three-Count About Face) or flanking. (If unarmed, ignore weapon commands.)

1. The Watch Guards and the Watch Commander enter the room and form up at the back of the chapel at Attention. The WC gives the subdued commands, Port, ARMS and, Step, and all three members begin marching toward the casket at Slow Time (60-90 steps per minute).

2. Within approximately four steps of the casket the WC gives the command Mark, TIME, beginning on a left step and ending on the next right step. On the next left step all three members begin their mark time. The WC calls, Guards, HALT on two consecutive left steps and the team. Alternatively when WGs are within four steps of the casket, the WC can call a long HAAAAAAAAALT on a left step and all members can then bring their right foot alongside the left and come to Attention.

3. The WC commands, Present, ARMS, and all three salute (with a three-second count up and down).

4. The WC commands, Port ARMS (or Order, ARMS if unarmed), and all three drop their salutes. Upon assuming Port/dropping their salutes, both watch guards then step off and move directly to their positions in the same amount of steps without flanking.

5. When each guard arrives, they simultaneously execute a Three- Count About Face and assume Stand At Ease.

6. The WC executes a silent salute, executes a modified Three- Count About Face (“T”, “L” Step) and departs.

147

Casket Watch Procedures

Casket Watch Initial Posting Arrival

148

Casket Watch Procedures

Casket Watch Initial Posting: Guards Posting

149

Casket Watch Procedures

Casket Watch Initial Posting: Guards and WC turn together, WC departs

150

Watch Initial Posting

151

Watch Guard Change

The time between changes of the guard is entirely up to you. It is recommended that between 15 to 20 minutes is usually the best. Standing in one place for any longer can take its toll on an individual. It is an honor to stand watch over a fallen comrade and as many who would like to should be given the opportunity.

NOTE: When changing the Watch Guards, the guards should NOT salute each other, they are to only salute the flag/deceased. 1. The new Watch Guards and the Watch Commander enter the room and form up at Attention. The WC gives the commands, Port Arms and Step, and all three members begin marching toward the casket at Slow Time (60-90 steps per second) 2. Within approximately four steps of the casket the WC gives the command Mark, Time, beginning on a left step and ending on the next right step. On the next left step all members began their mark time. The WC calls. Guards, Halt on two consecutive left steps and the team halts. When the new watch halts, the current watch comes to Attention on the command of the guard at the head casket. 3. The WC commands, Present, Arms, and all three salute. 4. The WC commands, Port Arms, and all three drop their salutes (for the salutes, the WC executes his/her salute with a three-second count).

Upon assuming Port/dropping their salutes, both of the current watch guards then step off and move directly to their positions next to and outside of the new watch in the same amount of steps without flanking and execute a three-count about face. At the same time, the new watch moves directly to their positions at the head and foot of the casket, replacing the current watch. When all guards reach their spots, they all execute the appropriate facing movement as shown in the diagrams below.

152

Casket Watch Guard Change: Entrance

153

Casket Watch Guard Change: New Guards Arrival

154

Casket Watch Guard Change: Old Guards Move Inward

155

Casket Watch Guard Change: Old Guards and WC Salute Flag and Depart

156

Watch Guard Final Watch

The Final Watch ceremony can be used before the pall bearers enter the room to retrieve for transportation to the church or burial site.

1. The WC enters the room and marches to a position approximately six paces from the casket, halts and gives a silent salute.

2. When the WC drops his salute, he calls the guards to Attention and each guard automatically posts in front of the WC to each side and simultaneously executes a Three-Count About Face.

3. The WC commands, Present, Arms, and all three salute.

4. The WC commands, Port, Arms, (Oder Arms, if unarmed) and all three drop their salutes and simultaneously execute a modified Three-Count About Face ("T".“"L” Step) and depart.

157

Final Watch: WC Arrival

158

Final Watch: Final Salute of the Flag

159

Final Watch: Departure

160

Presenting the Colors The majority of times, colors will be moved into position for either posting or presenting in single file. This may be done at either "port, shoulder arms or with flag belts," but usually will be done at port due to low ceilings, poor visibility as it relates to irregular marching surfaces or other peculiarities of a particular site. The Color Guard leader will have previously surveyed the place where the colors are to be presented in order to determine the proper stopping spot.

1. At the time of presentation, the right Color Guard member will begin to mark time at the pre-determined spot, and automatically turn to face the audience. The remainder of the color team will mark time and pivot automatically as they get into position. After the presentation, the color team will move off in the same form that they used to get into position (either single file or abreast).

161

2. Right Shoulder Arms - The command for this movement is "Right Shoulder- Arms." Upon the command of execution "Arms," the left hand moves across the body and grasps the flag staff. The flag staff is lifted one to two inches off the ground, allowing the staff to slide through the right hand. The right hand then grasps the staff at this position and the left hand is returned to the side of the body.

162

3. Parade Rest - Same as without a flag, only the right hand remains on the flag staff. Right arm allows flag to fall slightly out and to the right.

163

4. Raise the Colors – The command for this movement is “Prepare to Raise The Colors-Ready Raise.” Upon the command of execution staff is grasped with the right hand (even with the level of the mouth) and inclined slightly (expect for the U.S. Flag) with the left hand lower than the right, securing the butt into the socket. The hand positions may be switched by command. The command is "Change-Hands- Ready-Change.”

164

Posting the Colors Posting colors for different events presents various entry and exit problems for the honor guard. The U.S. Flag must always be to the right of the formation, but must be to the right of the podium, riser, or casket upon posting. Just remember that the National Colors must pass all other colors first when crossing a room or area. Because of this, posting of the colors after reaching the flag stands will be covered.

Posting is a four-step operation. It begins with the flags in the Right Shoulder Arms Stance-

Step 1- The first command is "Prepare to post the colors." Upon this command, the left hand moves over and grasps the flag staff above the right hand. The hand may already be in this position if the left hand has been used to steady the flag during marching at "Right Shoulder Arms."

165

Step 2- The command for this step is "Ready." Upon this command, the right hand extends the flag staff out at an angle and the butt of the staff is placed at the edge of the hole in the flag stand. Simultaneously, the left foot is brought forward. The left hand is kept on the upper part of the flag staff, close to the body, in order to steady the staff

166

Step 3- The command for this step is "Post." Upon this command, the flag is stood upright in the flag stand. The hands then move to rotate the flag topper to face the audience and dress the flag so it drapes in a proper fashion. Simultaneously, the right foot is brought up even with the left.

167

Step 4- After the flag is dressed, the hands remain on the flag but stationary. The command of "RE-COVER" is given. Upon the command of execution "COVER," one step back is taken with the left foot. A present arms will then follow. After the salute is brought back to order arms, facing movements and marches will be called to clear the color guard from the area.

At the Order or Attention- Position of attention, flag staff is resting on the ground and touching the outside of the right foot. Hold the staff in the right hand with the back of the hand facing outward and the fingers wrapped around the staff. Rest the staff against the hollow of the shoulder.

Retiring the Colors For the purpose of retiring colors, the Color Guard will approach in single-file. When the right member reaches his pre-determined spot, he will begin to mark time until the commander gives the command, "Colors" on a left foot. As before, on the next right foot, the flag bearers will execute a ninety-degree turn to the right. Again, with a series of "Ready Two" commands, the following actions will be taken: (1) taking hold of the flags; (2) removing the flags from the bases; and (3) moving the flags to the position of in which they were marched in. On the command of "Colors," the flag bearers will execute a ninety-degree turn to the right and the Team will step off on the fifth-count. In the event that the Color Team has been split, it will be necessary for the leading members to mark time for a pre-determined number of counts while the trailing members rejoin them.

Step 1

168

Step 2

Step 3

169

Step 4

170

Flag Etiquette

171

Folding the Colors Folding the Colors - Folding of the colors can be done as a four, six, or eight man fold. Commands are usually silent nods from the leader of the fold team. This person is located at the head of the casket above the field of stars. Members will post at the four corners of the casket once the pallbearers have placed the casket and the pallbearers have cleared the area. Members will stand guard over the casket throughout the graveside services. Once the time has come to fold the flag, the team leader will nod slightly. This tells the other team members to reach down and remove the cord that is securing the flag to the casket. The cord is gathered by one team member and placed on the ground in an out of the way spot. The second nod tells team members to grasp the corners of the flag and pull them taught. The third nod tells the team to side step so that the flag is between the audience and the casket. This is the time when other team members may enter to aid with the folding of the flag. They will position themselves evenly down each side of the flag. The fourth nod starts the first fold.

Remember, stripes over stars, stars over stripes.

Each member slides his inside hand to the center of the flag. Then the edges are brought up and together. The stripe side is then turned up. The fifth nod starts the second fold. The inside hands are again brought to the middle and the edges are brought up and together. When the flag is flattened, the stars are now showing (thus, stripes over stars, stars over stripes). The sixth nod initiates the beginning of the triangular fold of the flag. One of the team members at the striped end begins by folding the folded edge of the striped end toward the open edge. This will create a pointed end, which is then folded parallel up the open edge to square the end again. This is repeated until the flag reaches the end of the field of stars. As the fold leaves a member's hands and is passed off, that member will bring his hands down and assume the position of attention. Once at the end, the remaining margin is folded so that it will tuck into the pocket formed by the folds at the blue field edge of the flag. The team leader then cradles the flag in his arms and allows the rest of the team to salute the flag. The team leader then presents the flag to the widow, the fire chief, or union president, or designee. He also salutes the flag and then follows his team out of that area.Remember, never relinquish or accept a flag without a salute, if you are in full uniform.

Our Flag! United States Flag Folding Correct Procedure.

172

The 1st fold

The 2nd fold

173

The 3rd fold

The 4th fold

The 5th fold

174

The 6th fold

The 7th fold

The 8th fold

175

The 9th fold

The 10th fold

The 11th fold

176

The 12th fold

177

The 13th fold

178

179

180

Taps

Taps may be sounded by one or more buglers at the place of final committal. The location of the bugler should be approximately 75 feet from the final committal site.

Firing Squad A military-type firing party may be used at the final committal. If so, the party will fire three volleys 75 feet from the final committal site. This type of salute may startle people at the service, especially in times of heightened national security. The family should be aware of this.

181

Procession

The family may request a procession from the funeral home or church to the place of final committal. The procession involves staging vehicles at the funeral home or church prior to the funeral, directing vehicles as they leave for the place of final committal, and staging of vehicles upon arrival there.

Specific considerations include:

a. Department vehicles used as caisson, flower car, and for transportation b. Coordination with the funeral director to determine the procession route, including a drive by the deceased firefighter's fire station or home. If the procession passes the fire, rescue or law enforcement station, apparatus should be parked on the apron. Emergency service workers on duty should assemble outside, come to attention as the procession passes, and toll a muffled bell as the caisson or hearse passes. c. Static displays of apparatus along the procession route d. Crossed ladders or aerial equipment at the funeral home, church, or place of final committal entrance

182

Caisson A fire department engine or EMS vehicle may be appropriate as a caisson to carry the casket. If an engine is used, personnel must take it out of service for a period of time and prepare it as follows:

a. Thoroughly wash and wax the engine.

b. Remove hoses and dividers.

c. Add available mourning flags or bunting.

The operator of the engine should be in dress uniform. In the event of inclement weather, an enclosed hearse should carry the casket and the apparatus should serve as a flower car.

183

Flower Car A fire department engine or EMS vehicle may also serve as a flower vehicle. If so, personnel must take it out of service and prepare it as indicated above for a caisson. Hoses and dividers need not be removed.

184

Formations Special formations may be appropriate at the following points:

a. Walkthrough of all attending emergency service workers at the funeral home or church

b. Honor Guard formations on either side of the casket’s path from the funeral home to the hearse or caisson

c. Honor Guard formations on either side of the casket path during entry to and exit from the church

d. Honor Guard formations on either side of the casket path from the hearse or caisson to the place of final committal.

185

Transportation

a. The department should offer an emergency service vehicle(s) and driver to the immediate family during the viewing and funeral period. The Family Liaison Officer normally arranges for this service.

b. The department should ensure that the next of kin have limousine service available on the day of the funeral.

Meals The department should plan to provide meals for the deceased emergency service worker’s family at least until after the funeral. Friends of the family and members of the department and auxiliaries may help provide these meals. The Survivor Action Officer, in conjunction with the Family Liaison Officer, will determine the need and coordinate providing the meals.

Initial Support The department will determine this based on the family requests as relayed by the Family Liaison Officer. The department should assign appropriate key personnel as the needs arise. The department should not act on assumptions without contacting and getting the consent of the immediate family.

186

Musical Selections

a. A band, a piper, an organist, a choir or soloists may play or sing during various funeral ceremonies.

b. The Family Liaison officer should discuss this option with the family and communicate its wishes to the Funeral Officer.

c. Listed below are some examples of songs played at funeral/memorial services

• Amazing Grace • Jesus Loves Me • The Lord's My Shepherd • When the Roll is Called Up Yonder • Sweet Chariot • Abide in Me • Be Thou My Vision • 'll Walk With God • I Will Remember You by Sarah McLachlan • One More Day by Diamond Rio • I Can Only Imagine by Mercy Me • Going Home • Shine your light

187

Crossed Aerial Ladders If the family wishes to have the crossed aerial ladders at the entrance to the final committal site, the Family Liaison Officer will forward this request to the Survivor Action Officer for approval and coordination.

Crossed aerials are used to honor the deceased. It is a recommended practice that the placement of the aerials is somewhere between the Church and cemetery taking into account traffic flow and overhead obstructions (wires), contact local electric provider to cover lines, if needed. Typically you will need an area at least one hundred feet wide to set the aerials up. This takes into account for outriggers and sufficient room for the funeral procession to pass between the apparatus. If possible, obtain a flag (approx. 16’ x 20’) to drape between the crossed aerials. The bottom of the flag must be far enough above the roadway (at least 20’) for vehicles to pass underneath. When you attach the flag to the ladders, only tie the top of the flag allowing the bottom to hang loose. When obtaining the aerials, take into account the response area being served. It is usually best to utilize aerials from different areas to allow adequate protection. If at all possible use ladder trucks not aerial scopes, grease from the booms of aerial scopes may cause damage to the flag. You will need to obtain clothes line rope to tie the flag. Be sure that it is the type that does not have metal strands in.

Static Equipment Displays During the processions, the family may choose to have a static display of department/agency vehicle and crews at attention and saluting the passing casket and family vehicle. This final tribute may be set up at the funeral home or church, at key locations along the procession route, at a fire, rescue or law enforcement station on the procession route, or at the place of final committal entrance. The Family Liaison Officer will communicate this request to the Survivor Action Officer.

188

Burial in Uniform If the family chooses to bury the deceased firefighter in the departmental uniform, the Family Liaison Officer will deliver the uniform to the Funeral Officer or funeral director. If the family selects non-departmental clothing, the Family Liaison Officer should deliver this.

Presentation of Department Badge As a part of the funeral service at the funeral home or church, the department may present the badge and name tag worn by the deceased emergency service worker to the next of kin. The items should be in a framed display containing a department uniform patch. Administrative and support personnel will work with the department to obtain the badge and name tag actually worn by the Emergency Service Workers and to obtain duplicates to be placed on the burial uniform.

Closed Casket If the family requests a closed casket, the family may wish to place a picture of the emergency service worker in uniform along with the emergency worker’s dress hat on top of or next to the casket.

Walkthrough For a walk through of emergency service workers at the funeral home, officer will schedule the walkthrough and have emergency service workers form line by department. The formation will pass single file by the casket with each emergency service worker stopping briefly to pay tribute.

189

Post-Service Reception A reception may be held following the funeral. A church hall, school cafeteria, fire station, or other facility may serve for this purpose. The Survivor Action Officer will coordinate the event and ask department members, the association, or local service organizations to assist in donating and/or preparing food.

Memorial Fund Department members and local organizations may want to start a memorial fund for the deceased emergency service worker's family. The Survivor Action Officer should work with local financial organizations in establishing this fund. The family should be involved in deciding how this will occur. The officer will emphasize to the family the importance of working with a local bank to avoid legal complications.

190

Flags at Half-Staff Upon notification that a department member has died, the department will direct that all station flags be lowered to half-staff. They will remain at half-staff until 1700 hours the day of the final committal. When the American flag is at half-staff, no other flags will fly on the same pole. For line-of-duty deaths, the department will request that the local officials ask other facilities to fly their flags at half-staff.

Posting of United States Flag at Half-Staff: Why, When, and for How Long.

1. Line of Duty: Host Agency (insert agency here) a. Authorized by the County/City Manager, Mayor, Governor or Emergency Service Department if provided in internal SOP or District policy. b. Flags will be lowered from the point of notification through and until i. 1700 hours on the day of the service, but not more than ten (10) days from the date of the incident. Line of Duty: Surrounding Agencies

2. Authorized on day of service from 0800 until 1700 hours. 3. Other agencies include all fire and police agencies in Lincoln County.

Exception: When a LODD death occurs to fire during a mutual aid event it will be treated the same as a LODD for the host agency.

Off-Duty Death: Active ______Emergency Service Department Member

1. Flags lowered day of service from 0800 until completion of the service.

Retiree Death

1. Flags lowered day of service from 0800 until completion of the service.

191

Badge Shrouding The shroud should appear on badges at the time of notification of the death and should remain on the badge until after the funeral and final committal. For line-of-duty deaths, the badge shrouds will remain in place for a 10-day mourning period. To shroud of a badge, place a 1/2" to 3/4" piece of black material horizontally around the badge at its midpoint. If the chaplain’s badge contains a cross, a crescent, tablets, or the Star of David, the chaplain’s badge remains uncovered.

Wearing of Badge Shrouds: Why, When, and for How Long.

Line of Duty: (Insert Agency Name here)

1. Authorized by the Emergency Service Department head. 2. Shrouds will be worn by all on-duty personnel over their badges from the point of notification through and until 1700 hours on the day of the service, but not more than ten (10) days from the date of the incident.

Line of Duty: Surrounding agencies

a. Authorized on day of service from 0800 until 1700 hours.

Other agencies:

Exception: When a LODD death occurs to fire or EMS during a mutual aid event it will be treated the same as a LODD for the host agency.

192

Flag Presentation

When the casket is draped with a flag, an appropriate flag presentation ceremony should take place immediately before the conclusion of the committal service.

Bunting Bunting- A department or number of departments may choose to purchase bunting for apparatus and/or stations. They may also choose to purchase a number of pairs of white dress gloves that can be loaned out and returned for future use

193

Media Participation Media participation should be discussed with the family. If the family agrees to media participation, coordinators and the PIO or designee should make specific arrangements to accommodate media needs, as well as adamantly respecting the family's privacy.

Reception A reception is usually planned immediately following the last service. Arrange for an adequate reception facility, preferably close to the graveside service, or close to the facility used for the memorial service. As a general rule, when there is some distance between the location of the service and the location of the reception, only half the people attending the service will attend the reception.

If a reception is planned immediately following the funeral service at the same facility or at a facility within a very close proximity, planners can anticipate that approximately 75 percent of the attendees will stay for the reception.

1. Arrange for food, drinks, set-up, and clean-up. 2. Finger-Foods, soft drinks, and water will normally be adequate. It is not necessary to arrange for a full-service meal. 3. Receptions should normally last no longer than two hours.

Whenever possible, a route map should be published in the service bulletin, or provided at the service.

Department Funeral Flow Chart We have provided a sample flow chart on the next page. The positions on the flow chart will be discuss in the next chapter.

194

Department Funeral Plan Flow Chart Sample Next of Kin Notification Team ESA Dir. or Asst. Chief Chaplain

Internal Family Friend DEATH Command Staff Family Liaison Officer

County/City CISM Team Member

Official PIO NOTIFICATIONS

Stress Management Team Death Investigation Team ESA Personnel Asst. /Deputy Chief – Family Chair Other Emergency Service Workers Dept. – Training Officer LC – EMS Fire Investigator- if fire Fire Inspector-if fire Family Planning OSFM - Representative Meeting ESA Family Liaison ESA Family Friend Transfer of ESW Religious from Coroner to ESA Planning Group Representative Mortuary Chaplain ESA Director or Senior Staff Chaplain

Survivor Action Officer

Notification Officer Viewing / Vigil Coordinator Officer

Hospital Liaison Officer

PIO Family Liaison Officer Procession from Event Coordinator Mortuary to Funeral/Memorial Service Memorial Service Outside Agency Support Officer OSFM Procession Officer NCFFF Memorial/Funeral Service/Church Officer NCSFA Service Final Committal/Cemetery Law Enforcement Officer Other ESA Departments Transportation Officer Procession to Culinary Officer Interment/Cemetery Auditing Officer

Reception After Care of the Family

195

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

196

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

197

Chapter 7

Chapter 7: Key Assignments for Emergency Service Serious Injuries and Deaths

Key Positions Introduction When an emergency worker dies, the department must focus on the family’s needs and wishes and give them the highest priority. The support offered by the department will vary depending on the type of death, as described previously in Chapter 5. To support the family, a department must be prepared to manage a series of interrelated responsibilities. These duties extend from initial notification of next of kin through continuing support after the final committal service. A department should have a funeral plan that will enable it to staff the needed assignments should a death occur. The department should identify and train personnel to handle these assignments. Depending on the size of the department, it may need to combine many of the following major assignments.

Fire Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director Responsibilities

The Fire Chief / Emergency Service agency Director, or his/her designee, is responsible for the coordination of the activities surrounding a serious accident or line of duty death.

Immediate Notifications (If applicable) County / City Fire Marshal Mayor County Manager / City Manager County Commissioners / City Council Members Local Union President CISM Team Leader

198

Personnel Assigned to Key Positions during Funerals and Memorials

199

Line-of-Duty Death of a Member

Upon the death of a member in the line of duty, the Officer-in-Charge shall notify the Fire Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director or in his absence, the Acting Chief, Assistant Chiefs, Department President and Department Chaplain(s).

During notifications, it is imperative that accurate information is passed quickly and discretely. Radio traffic is monitored regularly by the media and private citizens. Names of the dead or injured firefighters shall NEVER be given over the radio. All communications of this sensitive nature shall be conducted by telephone.

Upon receipt of this tragic news the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director or Acting Chief should coordinate the following:

1. Assemble the Notification Team (Minimum of three, not to exceed five) a. Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director (if possible) or representative b. Family Liaison Officer (appoint the individual) c. A firefighter friend of the family (if available) d. Union Official e. Department Chaplain

2. Make surviving family notification (See “Notification of Next of Kin” information in next section.)

3. Emergency Service Department Notifications a. Command Staff b. On duty personnel c. Off duty personnel

5. If possible and the scene allows, the Officer in Charge should relieve the immediate coworkers (those in immediate proximity or those responsible for attempted rescue and or removal of the deceased) from the scene to return to station. On scene rehab and isolation may prove to be a better solution initially.

200

7. Debriefing by the Chaplain or a qualified person (Stress Management Team, CRT) should be setup based on team guidelines and may require follow-up debriefings for the weeks following the incident. It is not sufficient to only support your emergency service workers; it is important to support the entire environment in which the emergency service worker operates. Family members and significant others who may have been emotionally affected by a serious injury or death of a emergency service worker will be offered a family debriefing. This will also address what to expect and how to handle the survivors who are dealing with this loss.

9. Set up a Command Staff Meeting to commence upon completion of the notification process.

10. Command Staff Meeting

c. Appoint the Planning Group Manager to coordinate all ceremonial services and issue the Funeral Contingency Plan container that holds the notebooks comprising the detailed responsibilities and functions. d. Appoint the Death Investigation Leader and issue the notebook comprising the detailed responsibilities of this position. c. Verify that the necessary Stress Management is in progress. d. Discuss all pertinent issues; family memorial service requests.

11. Memorial Order templates should be prepared in advance to speed distribution. (Samples included at the end of this manual).

201

Immediate Actions 1. Notify next of kin by assigning a Notification Officer(s) to each deceased or injured member to be immediately sent to the families’ homes. 2. Assign a Hospital Liaison Officer(s) to go to the receiving hospital where the injured members have been sent (if applicable). 3. Assign an Investigation Team to conduct an investigation of the circumstances of the event. 4. Assign a Family Liaison Officer. 5. Provide relief for the Shift Commander/Incident Commander. 6. Set up an Incident Command Structure for the LODD process. 7. Notify the Office of the State Fire Marshal or EMS State Agencies if fire or EMS related and request assistance from them. 8. Notify the Department of Labor and Industries as outlined in OSHA 1904.7 (b) (2).

Chief of Operations (If applicable) Responsibilities

Make sure the Notification Officer has the fallen member’s Personal Information Packet and give support to the Fire Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director in whatever way needed.

202

Shift Commander / Incident Commander Responsibilities

Immediate Notifications Safety Officer (if not already on-scene) Public Information Officer (if not already on-scene) Chaplain Local Police Agency Fire Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director

Immediate Actions 1. Secure the scene of the incident with the assistance of police personnel. 2. Direct the PIO, Fire Agency staff and dispatch center to withhold the release of personal data relating to the member or the death, pending notification of the next of kin. 3. Gather pertinent information concerning the incident and circumstances leading to the death. 4. Document all actions, contacts, requests and other pertinent data. This will update the Fire Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director with events as they happen. 5. Coordinate the relief of crews on the scene. 6. Preserve any equipment, turnouts and breathing apparatus used by the injured or deceased member for the accident and fire cause investigation. Except where the position of apparatus, equipment, or items involved in an accident pose a threat of further injury or harm, all equipment, hose, apparatus and appliances shall remain where they were at the time of the accident pending their examination and release by the Investigation Team Leader. 7. Preserves any and all tactical worksheets, video and audiotapes for the investigation.

203

Chaplain Responsibilities

Immediate concerns should include: notification, victim family support, personnel support in the form of defusing, debriefings; personnel family support and Memorial Service planning. The Chaplain will also become a part of the LODD Incident Command Structure.

Roles and Responsibilities 1. Accompany the Notification Officer to notify the family. 2. Coordinate with Hospital Liaison Officer. 3. Coordinate with Liaison Officer. 4. Coordinate with Family Liaison Officer. 5. Coordinate with Critical Incident Debrief Team. 6. Begin Memorial Service planning. 7. Contact CISM Team Chaplain to assist with the Agency personnel.

• Initial notification of next of kin, with the Chief or his designee • Comfort and counseling of surviving family members • Prayer service in the home • Prayer and help at funeral home • Help with Church services • Help with Cemetery interment • Follow-up counseling for the surviving family members. • Departmental or community memorial service

204

Survivor Action Officer Responsibilities

The Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director may assume the position of Survivor Action Officer but will probably assign another senior officer this function. As a direct representative of the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director, the Survivor Action Officer should receive the full cooperation of the entire department. The officer is responsible for managing several important activities, the principal concern being the ongoing welfare of the next of kin. The officer will give whatever assistance is necessary to assist the family. The Survivor Action Officer may appoint the following positions as needed and delegate responsibilities as required to successfully complete all assigned duties. The detailed Responsibility Sheets for all officers are in the section following the appendices.

It is recommended that the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director assume or delegate the position of the Survivor Action Officer to oversee liaison to the next of kin and all funeral-related activities. Typically, the Survivor Action Officer is a special staff assignment. As a direct representative of the Fire Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director, the Survivor Action Officer should receive the full cooperation of the entire department.

The Survivor Action Officer coordinates the activities of a number of personnel assigned to handle specific aspects of the funeral arrangements and to assist the surviving family. His/her principal concern is the ongoing welfare of the next of kin. It is his/her responsibility to ensure whatever assistance is necessary is provided to assist the family through the crisis, conduct the funeral, and settle the affairs of the deceased member.

Additional duties of the Survivor Action Officer are as follows:

• Confirm that the next of kin has been notified. • Notify all department personnel of the death. • Confirm the notification of all outside agencies and vacationing personnel. • Arrange to have flags lowered to half-mast and bunting placed on station(s) as appropriate. • Assure that the Emergency Command Center has been notified. • Follow up contacts when funeral arrangements have been determined. • Personally collect all of the deceased's personal items from the station and forward in person to the Family Liaison Officer.

205

• Conduct a coordination meeting with the "task force" of officers as soon as possible (Family Liaison and Funeral Officer) so that all key individuals will be instructed to make the appropriate contacts and when the next meeting will be scheduled. • Be a key contact person for outside agencies, news media and other departments in relation to the death and subsequent ceremony. (The PIO might play this role instead of or in addition to the Survivor Action Officer.) • Make appropriate arrangements for a post funeral meal and facility to handle a large group of people with the family's approval through the Liaison Officer. • Call a final meeting of the "task force" to establish the department's participation in the funeral services based upon the family's wishes.

Establish a timetable or schedule of events.

• Identify times and places for group gatherings in accordance with ceremonies. • Recontact all appropriate people and agencies with the schedule, meeting places, and any special instructions. • Contact support agencies as appropriate to arrange their assistance through the appropriate key person for bands, honor guards, firing squads, bugler. • Contact appropriate department personnel to arrange for finalization of required paperwork, forms, etc. • Obtain six copies of the death certificate and distribute to the personnel department. • Contact outside agencies for support during the funeral. • Maintain key coordination and contact position for the remainder of events. • Establish milestones for future family follow up by the Family Liaison Officer. • Assure that all department functions return to normal.

A flow chart would be helpful in identifying roles and job responsibilities.

206

Notification Officer Responsibilities

Prompt notification of the next of kin cannot be stressed enough in the case of a line-of- duty death. No one wants to hear of the death of a loved one over a television or radio broadcast. That notification, most certainly, should be made in person by the Notification Officer, who is normally the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director or his designee, and who is accompanied by the Chaplain. Notification by some other form of communication other than in person, say by telephone, is acceptable only in exceptional cases. Extreme emotional trauma is not uncommon when one is notified of the death of a loved one, and care should be taken to ensure that the next of kin are not alone at this time. The official notification serves a three-fold purpose: assures the next of kin that the information is valid; provides a knowledgeable source of information concerning the death; and assures the next of kin that assistance is available at a time when they need it most. The Notification Officer and Chaplain should be prepared to stay with the next of kin until a family member or friend arrives. As soon as is appropriate, they should determine if the family has a particular person, preferably a close family friend and department member, to act as Family Liaison Officer.

Prior to visiting the survivors, the Notification Officer should be familiar with the circumstances of the death and the personal data concerning the individual. Be sure the Notification Officer has official fire department identification in his/her possession. Also be absolutely certain of the status of the firefighter, check and double check with the hospital, and insist on an official pronouncement of death before proceeding. Clear the release of information with the Incident Commander to be certain your information is correct.

After notification of the next of kin, the Public Information Officer, Emergency Command Center, and religious affiliations will need to be notified. The Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director will give instructions to dispatch the death announcement. Usually, station flags are lowered to half-staff, and the front of the station is draped in black bunting for seven days after the funeral. A news conference should be arranged to ensure that the media obtain the most factual information.

Six Principles of Notification These five principles of notification should be used no matter who you are notifying.

207

• In Person Always do the notification in person, never by phone. For family members living out of the local area, arrange for authorities in that area to make notifications for you in person. Immediately find the ESW’s emergency contact information to know who needs to be notified in person. Usually, the spouse (or unmarried partner) and parents of the firefighter should be the first priority. • In Time and with Certainty Before making notification, have positive identification of the deceased firefighter. Obviously, errors in identity can cause extreme trauma. • Never discuss a fatality over the radio. This may result in a family member receiving the news before you can notify them in person. Quickly gather as much information about the incident as possible before making the notification. Survivors will have questions. Get to the survivors quickly. Don’t let the media notify them first. • In Pairs Have two people present to make the notification. If possible have CISM team member (s) to go with you. Survivors may experience severe emotional or physical reactions when they learn of the injury or death. Use the employee’s emergency contact information to identify a uniformed member of the fire service to accompany the department’s representative. It is helpful to have the department chaplain or friend of the firefighter’s family there too. Take two vehicles, if at all possible. This will allow one or more of you to take the survivor to the hospital, if necessary, while the other team members stays with other survivors. Before you arrive, decide who will speak and what the person will say. • In Plain Language Clearly identify yourself and present identification, then ask to come in. Notification should take place in a private setting. If you don’t know the family member, make sure you are talking to the right person. Begin with “I have very bad news,” or “I’m sorry to have to tell you this.” Use the words “died” and “dead” rather than terms such as “passed away” so the message is absolutely clear. Speak slowly. Get to the point. Calmly answer the survivor’s questions. It is fine to say, “I don’t know” if you don’t know. Use his or her name when referring to the firefighter, rather than saying “the body.” • With Compassion Allow survivors to express emotions. Do not try to talk them out of their grief. Accept your own emotions. It’s if you cry during notifications, but stay calm. Never leave immediately after making a notification. Offer to help the survivor call friends or family members. Do not leave before someone else arrives. Do not take the firefighter’s personal items with you when you make the notification. Tell the family they will receive them alter. Most survivors will need some time before they feel able to deal with these items. Provide the survivors the opportunity to see the deceased firefighter, even if the body is badly disfigured. Offer to transport the family to where the firefighter is, and help prepare them for what they will see. Before leaving, write down important information, including the names and phone numbers of the department personnel who will work with the family. Have one member of the department stay with the family, unless the family declines.

208

Death Notification from a Crisis Response Precept

DEATH NOTIFICATION In order for a crisis response individual to do a death notification properly they must be to able approach the person or persons with the information. They must have the ability to encompass physical and mental proficiency and have the competence to deliver the message with skillfulness, sensitivity and compassion. The crisis response individual must be able be to carry the message through to completion. This means you don’t just tell the individual and leave, you stay until the person or persons’ questions and needs have been answered to the best of your ability.

You have to remember you are bringing a message to a person who has no idea why you are there. The message you are bringing involves pain. The way you act (your behavior) will be seen as either a caring or uncaring, competent or incompetent person. Prepare before going to the where the individual or individuals will be at. With any death notifications know your information and follow the steps in the death notification guidelines. Before you approach the individual or individuals prepare yourself for their reactions each person will react differently to the message you are bringing to them. The news you are bringing to them has taken away their normal life and many different types of grief will be expensed depending on how you deliver the message to them.

209

The Do’s of DEATH NOTIFICATION Guidelines or Steps

1. ALWAYS make absolutely sure that the deceased has been properly identified via coroner’s procedures. Even when it is believed that the body has been recognized, proper procedures MUST be followed. NEVER NOTIFY NEXT OF KIN AWAY FROM THE ORIGINAL SCENE WITHOUT DIRECT PERMISSION OF THE CORONER AND AGENCY IN CHARGED OF SCENE.

2. Wear your Crisis Response Team’s ID.

3. Meet with an officer or coroner who is handling the case.

4. Acquire all the facts – who, what, where, when, and how.

5. Confirm who you will be telling.

6. Follow the officer in a separate car to the next of kin’s address, or meet at a designated spot before going to the address.

7. At the door, introduce the officer and yourself and tell them that you need to come in.

8. Ask if there is anyone else at home. If yes, have them go and get them (expect small children).

9. Verify who you are talking to and ask all concerned to sit down.

10. Stay as close as you can to next of kin.

11. Ask: “Do you have a (son) named (John)? Is his DOB ______?

12. Relate the message straight out using direct language: “I am sorry, but John died several hours ago.”

210

13. Be prepared for a variety of reactions but try and keep them seated. Determine if they or the deceased have affiliation with a congregation; if so, immediate contact should be made with clergy from that congregation. If possible have an officer or another chaplain to try and make contact with their clergy/church so you can continue your conversation with the family. This might also tend to put the officer (fire, EMS, Rescue or law enforcement) in a light of one whom is there to help also.

14. Plan to stay a while. After the initial shock has subsided, the officer may return to duty.

15. Be honest about the situation but use direction with facts. Some next of kin do not wish to know any further details, some wish to know all the facts. Be aware of possible confidentiality issues.

16. Find out if there will be an autopsy.

17. Allow them to grieve and talk.

18. Assist them with necessary phone calls.

19. Stay until closure is reached.

20. Leave them in the care of a relative, neighbor, friend or pastor at the residence.

211

The DON’TS of DEATH NOTIFICATION Guidelines or Steps

7. Whatever you do - Do not show your prejudices! (a different religious believe than yours, same gender relationships, mixed racial or religious unions, or people living anyway that you may disapprove of). In order to do this job you must know yourself well enough to understand what relationships and situations make you uncomfortable. Remember you may not always know about these in advance so you have to be prepared

8. You must never presume to know how someone feels.

9. You must not feel the need to defend God, the doctors, the hospital, the nurses, the staff, the fire/EMS department, the police department, the chief, the deceased, yourself. This is not the time for that there will be time to help them with this later.

10. You must never abandon the hurting person to make it easier for yourself. You need to stay with the person or person until someone else arrives to take your place (like their pastor) or closure is reached.

11. This is not the time and place to use theological or religious language that they may not understand or may to them to be inappropriate now. Remember your theology may not be useful to them at this time. Some things not to say "It is the will of God." “They are in better place now,” “God needed a new flower for His flower gardened,” be careful you do not do more harm by what you say.

12. Most crisis responders think they are exempt from grief reactions during death notifications. You must watch out for your own weaknesses. Just because you have taken classes, had training and are part of crisis response team does not mean you are on top of a death. You need to remember grief and death affects each person differently including you. Just because it does not affect you this time does not mean it would the next time.

What is important is that the crisis response person realizes that everyone will not fit into any neat package of how they are going to react. Be prepared for anything.

212

2. Next of Kin Notification

This notification process is multifaceted and can be implemented in the event of a serious injury or death to a member of the department. Implementation of stand- alone sections of this manual without activating the plan completely is acceptable. As a general rule, this process should be used in the event that a member would require transportation to the hospital, or die in the line of duty. Severity of injuries will aid in the decision of whether to implement this plan partially or completely with the final decision and responsibility resting with the Fire Chief, or an appointed designee.

The importance of the NEXT OF KIN NOTIFICATION cannot be overemphasized. This process will set the tone for many difficult days, weeks, months and years for the surviving family. Sensitivity and compassion are imperative.

Family notification should be made as quickly as possible to avoid the family receiving a notification from another outside party. The media will employ many efforts to seek out the name of the fallen firefighter. We must use all necessary measures to protect the next of kin from unwanted media exposure.

For this reason, the Notification Team will need to assemble rapidly. The team should be at least two to three individuals with separate vehicles.

The team should be comprised of as many of the following:

1. The Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director, if possible, or highest ranking available Officer. 2. Family Liaison Officer 3. Firefighter friend of the family 4. CISM Team Leader 5. Department Chaplain

If the fallen emergency service worker’s family resides far enough out of the area as to make your department’s participation in the notification impractical, the local Department in the area should be notified to make a timely notification. Another distinct possibility is that your Department could experience a loss of more than one member. This would require multiple notification teams to be assembled and deployed.

Before the team arrives at the residence, verify latest information, and decide who will speak and what will be said.

213

A word of warning, the family may strike out and blame the department for their loss. For this reason, the initial notification and how it is handled is extremely important.

2. Steps to be taken at the residence:

1. It may become necessary to have paramedics standby if the people receiving the news are medically vulnerable. If this is done, have the apparatus standby near the residence, but not in view.

2. At the door, identify yourself and ask to come in. (Notification should take place in a private setting.)

3. When inside, ensure you are notifying the right person.

4. Get people in a comfortable or relaxed setting; the most important function of the person making the notification is to put all of the known basic facts into one sentence and tell them.

5. Make sure your message is absolutely clear and direct.

6. Begin with, “I have very bad news” or “I’m very sorry to tell you”.

7. Let them know how it happened, “Your husband died responding to a fire”, or “Bob was killed in a building collapse”.

8. Allow the family to express their emotions. Do not try to talk them out of their grief.

9. This is a very sad time. Do not mask your own grief.

10. Provide only the facts you know, never speculate. If you cannot answer a question, find out the correct answer.

12. Use the victim’s first name when referring to the ESW.

214

13. Ask if the department can assist by notifying immediate family members (parents, brothers and sisters).

14. With the permission of the next of kin, the department can help setup a support system of clergy, relatives and friends. 15. Never leave immediately after making a notification. 16. Do not leave people without a support system. Wait for others to arrive.

17. Do not take the victim’s personal items with you. Personal items (especially lockers) may need to be looked over and censored prior to allowing the family access to them. A station officer can review personal belongings within the department before they are released.

18. Ask the survivor(s) if they wish to see the deceased firefighter, even if the body is badly disfigured. People often have a need to see, touch and hold the deceased; otherwise they may be in denial. This is often very helpful in the family’s grief process and gives a sense of finality.

19. If family members wish to see the firefighter, arrangements need to be made rapidly for the viewing. Sensitivity to the family is very important. Provide the best possible environment and avoid delays that heighten the family’s anxiety.

20. Offer to transport the family to the location of the emergency service worker, and help prepare them for what they will see. If the family arrives on the scene, it is advisable to provide them with some type of identification, such as an armband. This will assist the department in locating them on the scene as well as to alert emergency personnel to be sensitive of making comments or statements with the family nearby.

21. If the family wants to drive their own car, have a member of the department accompany them.

22. If you transport the family, turn off your radio and/or advise dispatch that you are transporting the relatives and, if possible, switch to an alternate channel, or communicate by cell phone.

24. Have one member of the Department stay with the family, unless the family declines.

215

25. Advise the family that the Family Liaison Officer will contact them to assist with the necessary arrangements.

26. Ask if the Department can pick up any children who may be away at this time.

27. Advise the family of possible media calls. Unwanted media exposure will only add to the difficulty of this tragedy. Suggest that a friend of the family screen their incoming calls.

28. Assure the family that their wishes are the Department’s number one concern.

29. Advise the family that an autopsy may be required to qualify for certain line-of-duty death benefits.

30. Ensure that the family understands that they do not have to make any immediate decisions regarding services, mortuary, wills, etc.

31. Before leaving the residence, try to set a time for a Family Planning Meeting. There are decisions that will need to be made by the family that will shape the planning process.

This meeting should take place within the first 24 hours.

4. Departmental Notification

Equally important is the notification of your departmental personnel. In the event of death or serious injury to a member of the department, it will be very important to quickly distribute as much information as possible.

1. It will be the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director, or his designee’s, responsibility to notify the appropriate city officials.

216

2. The Command/Administrative Staff, other department officers, which are not assigned to the “Next of Kin Notification Team” will assemble to prepare for departmental notifications. If this is an ongoing incident, manpower for notification may be limited. Prevention and Investigative Staff as well as non-uniformed administrative staff can also be of assistance. 3. Once initial information is gathered, the team will split up to begin notifications. One staff member will go to each station (if possible), and serve as that stations liaison and Communications Officer. The on duty station lieutenant can also serve in this capacity. The Communications Officer (Comm. Officer) will inform the station of what has transpired and explain the remainder of the notification process. 4. On duty personnel should call their family, without delay, to insure them of their own safety. This is especially important with an ongoing incident. Be cautious of saying too much early on to allow for proper notification of next of kin. 5. It then becomes the responsibility of the on duty personnel, with the help of the Comm. Officer, to begin telephoning off duty personnel to inform them of the incident. This will take place by contacting the off duty personnel assigned to that particular station on their next duty day. For example, (with a 24/48 schedule) if A-shift was on duty, they would contact B-shift and C-shift personnel assigned to that station for their next duty day. 6. In addition to the assigned station personnel, it is important to make arrangements to notify personnel who may be off duty and not assigned to a station. This could include personnel on vacation, exchange of time, sick leave or alternate duty. 7. The only exception to the above process would be the station directly involved in the incident. (i.e. the station that the injured or deceased member(s) was assigned to at the time of the incident) Station notifications for on and off duty personnel at the affected station will be handled by the Comm. Officer with the help of additional personnel from the command and administrative staff. 8. It is vital to maintain continuous communication between the family liaison officer, hospital liaison, and department liaison with the department liaison keeping the Comm. Officers updated. This will help to keep information fresh and accurate.

217

9. Off duty personnel should contact the station they are assigned to for their next duty day to receive follow-up information and updates. This will help to disperse the incoming calls. 10. The importance of Departmental Notification cannot be overemphasized. A death or serious injury is a true test of a department’s grit and cohesion and open lines of communication will aid in everyone’s ability to deal with this tragedy.

11. In addition to the above, others need to be notified:

State Fire Marshal's Office State Worker's Compensation Board (within 48 hours) Department's Worker's Compensation Board National Fire Academy/U. S. Fire Administration State Fire Incident Reporting System Federal Public Safety Officers' Benefit Program (PSOB).

b. Office of the State Fire Marshal Physical Location Chapanoke Building 322 Chapanoke Rd Raleigh, NC 27603

Mailing Address 1202 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1202

Phone Numbers (919) 661-5880 (800) 634-7854 (Toll free)

Benefits Assistance Program in North Carolina Goal: To assist fire departments and rescue squads in assuring all Federal and State benefits are pursued for the surviving spouse and/or family.

Since 1997, the Office of State Fire Marshal has assisted fire departments and rescue squads in the event of a line of duty death (LODD) in North Carolina.

218

This assistance is conducted in cooperation with the following organizations: Federal Public Safety Officer Benefits, North Carolina Industrial Commission, North Carolina Department of Labor, North Carolina Pension Fund, Volunteer Safety Workers Compensation Fund, U.S. Fire Administration, National Fire Academy, NFPA, NIOSH, North Carolina State Firemen’s Association, North Carolina Association of Rescue and EMS, Inc., North Carolina Forest Service (DENR), and North Carolina Society of Fire/Rescue Instructors.

Official determinations of Line of Duty Deaths are made by the Public Safety Officers’ Benefits Programs, administered by the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, and Bureau of Justice Assistance. If a death is determined a LODD, PSOB provides a one-time benefit to eligible survivors. For more information, visit www.psob.gov. In the event of a fatality in your department/squad, immediately call the State Fire Marshal's Office at 800-634-7854 (this is a 24-hour number). You will be greeted by a voice menu, press "0" for the operator and ask to speak to someone about reporting a LODD. If you call after office hours (8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.), you will be given this information to contact (via cell phone numbers); Rick McIntyre 919-218-5311, Wayne Bailey 919- 218-1588, Mike Edwards 919-810-1525 or Derrick Clouston 919-609- 1361; a representative from the State Fire Marshal's Office will call you as quickly as possible

A response team consisting of two OSFM personnel can be at your location within 24 hours.

Please have the following information ready when calling:

1. Your name, department, a telephone number and/or cellular telephone number where you can be contacted.

2. Time, date, and location of the fatal incident, as well as a brief description of the type of incident (Structure fire, vehicle accident, heart attack etc.).

219

b. North Carolina Fallen Firefighters Foundation 2501 Blue Ridge Road, Suite 250, Raleigh, NC 27607

Main (919) 863-4341 Fax (919) 863-4101

The fire department is responsible for notifying the National Fallen Firefighters Foundation in order to receive the Public Safety Officer’s Death Benefits.

c. North Carolina State Firemen’s Association 323 West Jones Street Suite 401 Raleigh, NC 27603

800-253-4733 Toll-free 919-821-2132 Local 919-821-9382 Fax

Office hours: Monday through Friday, 8:00 am until 5:00 pm.

Office Staff: Executive Director Tim Bradley Assistant Director Ed Brinson Marketing and Conference Manager Kris Wyatt Administrative Assistant Sandie Houck

d. VFIS of NC Cloyce Anders 412 Saint Marys Street Raleigh, NC 27605 Phone: (919) 755-1401 1-800-726-1228 Cell#: 1-919-818-6900

e. Workers Compaction – Key Risk All Key Risk offices can be reached at (800) 942-0225. 7900 McCloud Road Suite 300 P.O. Box 49129 Greensboro, NC 27419 Tel: (336) 668-9050 Fax: (336) 605-7544 www.keyrisk.com

220

Sample Death Notice

SAMPLE DEPARTMENT DEATH NOTICE

______FIRE & RESCUE

Department Death Notice

It is with deepest sympathy and regret that we announce the death of Firefighter ______. Firefighter ______was killed early Friday morning, February 17th, 2202, when he became trapped under debris while fighting a fire in a storage warehouse.

Firefighter ______, a firefighter for ______years, was respected by all who knew him. He had worked at Station _____ for the last ____ years. All of us are deeply saddened by his untimely death. Our condolences go out to his family, friends and coworkers.

Arrangements are as follows:

Viewing Monday, February 19, 2202; 5:00 –7:00pm Tuesday, February 20, 2202; 6:00 8:00pm Sleepy Hollow Funeral Home 11111 U.S. Hwy 19, Sleepy Hollow, NC

Rosary Wednesday, February 20, 2202; 7:30pm

Service Thursday, February 21, 2202; 10:00am Sleepy Hollow High School Auditorium 9999 Gulf to Bay Blvd, Sleepy Hollow, NC

Interment Thursday, February 21, 2202; 12:00pm Sleepy Hollow Cemetery 2222 Drew Street, Sleepy Hollow, NC

Funeral dress for uniformed personnel will be Class “A” uniforms – full dress, including ties and hats as applicable.

Those departments that wish to attend and/or participate in the service must contact ______Fire & Rescue to confirm your intentions. Point of contact is ______, ______or fax ______.

See next page also

221

Please provide the following information to ______at your earliest convenience:

Does your Honor Guard wish to participate? Will your department be sending an apparatus? If so, what type? Will any staff or personnel be attending? If so, how many and whom? Will staff or personnel require lodging?

222

Sample Intra - Department Memorandum

SAMPLE INTRA-DEPARTMENT MEMORANDUM

______FIRE & RESCUE

Intra-Department Memorandum

It is with deepest sympathy and regret that we announce the death of ______. Firefighter ______was killed early Sunday morning, February 17th, 2202, when he became trapped under debris while fighting a fire in a storage warehouse. Firefighter ______, a firefighter for ____ years, was respected by all who knew him. He had worked at Station ____ for the last ___ years. All of us are deeply saddened by his untimely death. Our condolences go out to his family, friends and coworkers.

Effective immediately, U.S. Flags at all ______buildings will be flown at half-mast.

Flags are to remain at half-mast until sundown on the day of interment.

Also effective immediately, badge covers are authorized to be worn for the next thirty calendar days.

Class “A” uniforms are to be worn by all sworn personnel attending any related services. (Black ties and hats as applicable)

The Departmental Funeral Contingency Plan has been implemented and all planning shall proceed through proper channels.

223

Department Death Notification Flow Chart Department Death Notification Flow Chart

Incident

Family

Liaison

Officer

Remains

Using the Assemble with

Personal Notification Family

Information Team

Sheet; Make

Family Assign

Notifications Gather as much Department Liaison or Notify Accurate information as PIO Families of Personnel possible Family That Are NOT Liaison On-Going Injured Officer Incident Remains Assign with Hospital Family Liaison (If Applicable) Department Notifications On and Off Continuous Communication Duty Cl

Family Liaison Officer

Remains with Family County / City Leaders

Notify OSFM Department Hospital OSHA Liaison or Liaison And other PIO Agencies Listed In Manual

224

Coordinator Officer Responsibilities

Coordinator of Agencies

This person will be the contact person for conducting all agencies that are interested in helping with stand–by to run calls til or the service, or just stand-by during the memorial, visitation, funeral and any agencies taking part in the service.

Many Agencies all involved during the Funeral. Depending upon the type of death, the size of the community and the number of calls the department runs, stand by units may be need to reduce stress on the department. If the number of calls does not deem it necessary for stand by units, the department should still be taken out of service during the time of both the Memorial and Funeral Services. Permission must be obtained to close streets, restrict the flow of traffic and to park on the roadways. Working thru the local municipality usually is the easiest way of obtaining these needed permits/permissions. If Fire Police are to be used, municipal permission also must be obtained. This should be done so, if needed, on street parking of apparatus and the use of fire police could be utilized for the Memorial Service. Depending on the projected number of visiting departments, it may be necessary to supplement restroom facilities at both the Funeral Home and Church, this can be done by renting Portal Johns. The Salvation Army and/or Red Cross can usually supply refreshments at both places. Normally the County EMA can support in communications by providing a Mobile Command Post.

225

Hospital Liaison Officer Responsibilities

Go to the receiving hospital where the injured member was sent. This individual serves as a liaison between the hospital, the PIO, Department Administration, the Incident Commander, and the family by the most efficient means.

Immediate Action 1. Proceed directly to the receiving hospital. 2. Update the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director of any significant information relating to the patient’s condition. 3. Arrange with the hospital staff to provide an appropriate waiting area for the family, the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director, the Notification Officer, and only those others requested by the family. This area should afford privacy. 4. Arrange for a separate area for fellow Agency personnel and friends to assemble. It should be accessible to the family. 5. Ensure the family is updated on medical status upon arrival. 6. Ensure that the family is updated regarding the facts of incident upon their arrival at the hospital. 7. Ensure that no press releases are made without the expressed authority of the Fire Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director or the PIO. 8. Should pronouncement of his/her death occur, collect all of the personal effects brought to the hospital for the family. 9. Arrange for the food needs of the family while at the hospital.

226

Public Information Officer (PIO) Responsibilities

Control the flow of information to the media. Under no circumstances should a press release be issued until next of kin notification can be made and the proper authority has been given to issue a news release.

Immediate Actions 1. Collect all facts of the incident as it occurred. 2. Coordinate with the Communications dispatch supervisor (note: use a telephone and not the radio for this communication). a. Advise them on the current situation. b. Instruct them not to issue any statements to the media or anyone else. c. Advise them that they will be receiving a written news release as soon as the next of kin have been notified. 3. Prepare a written press release for review by the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director or his/her representative. 4. Coordinate all information releases with appropriate Agency, city, county, state or federal officials. 5. Release information on the fallen member only after the family has been notified. 6. Information to include fallen member's name, rank, age, family status and Agency highlights. 7. Set up a media area to provide updates. 8. Schedule and coordinate pre-press conference meetings. 9. Prepare Agency officials and elected officials for interviews and press conferences. 10. Schedule and coordinate press conferences. 11. Work with Family Liaison to schedule and coordinate family interviews. 12. Determine if the family wants to make a statement. 13. Establish a rumor control section that reports directly to the designated PIO. 14. Consider using LAST Team PIO services.

227

PIO DUTIES

The PIO is accountable for all of the “official” press releases from the department and should be the only spokesperson for the department. The PIO needs to obtain the following information about the deceased; full name, address, date of birth, date of death, limited details as to cause of death, next of kin with address/telephone number, children’s names with address/telephone numbers, department info (rank, date joined etc), other information needed for dissemination will be, funeral home name, location, directions, date and times of viewing and Funeral Service, Memorial Service info, department telephone number for inquiries including time to be manned and Memorial Fund info. In addition, time of arrival and meeting place for out of town departments should be published for both the Memorial and Funeral Services. If the news media is persistent with inquiries, it may be advantageous to schedule formal press briefings with a written statement and time for questions.

It is helpful if you have a photograph of the deceased available at the press briefing.

See PIO Info attachment for suggested Do’s and Don’ts as well as tips for conducting press conferences.

PIO INFO

3. What the Public Wants to Know: * Timely and accurate facts Magnitude Immediacy * Duration Who, What, Where, When, Why, How

4. How to deliver information: * Short, concise, focused (12 year-old level) * Relevant Empathy/caring (put yourself in the public’s shoes) * Visuals that enhance communication (maps, graphics)

228

4. Guidelines for answering questions:

7. Be prepared (90-95% of all questions can be anticipated) 8. Determine who will answer questions about specific subject matters 9. Listen (recognize the underlying issue) 10. Keep answers short and focused 11. Practice self- management (control your emotions) 12. Speak and act with integrity (tell the truth, follow up, you are speaking for your organization)

5. Avoiding the Spokesperson Pitfalls:

5. Jargon: Do: Define all technical terms 6. Don’t: Use language that may not be understood 7. Temper Do: Remain calm. Use a question or an allegation to springboard into something positive Don’t: Let your feelings interfere with your ability to communicate positively 8. Attacks: Do: Attack the issue Don’t: Attack a person or organization

6. Promises:

3. Do: Promise only what you can deliver. 4. Don’t: Make promises you can’t keep or fail to follow up on promises

7. Speculation:

3. Do: Provide information on what is being done 4. Don’t: Speculate about worst case scenarios.

8. Off the Record:

3. Do: Assume everything you say and do is part of the public record 4. Don’t: Make side comments or “confidential” remarks

9. Question and Answer Reminders

5. Volume Enunciation/pronunciation 6. Pace/rhythm/pitch Facial expressions and eye contact 7. Posture Gestures Dress and grooming 8. Distractions watch out for “Uh,” “Umm,” and “You know.”

229

10. Answering the Question

10. Make your point first. 11. Be concise, say it in 30 seconds 12. Be as brief as possible 13. Don’t be evasive or try to fake it. 14. If you don’t know, tell them you will try to find out. 15. Never say “no comment.” If you can’t answer the question for a particular reason, say so. 16. If the question is not in your area of expertise, don’t try to answer it. 17. Don’t answer a hypothetical question. Avoid speculating by rephrasing the question on your own terms. 18. Breakdown multipart questions and answer each part slowly and separately.

11. Media Patterns During a Crisis - Most media follow a typical pattern by:

9. Searching for background information 10. Dispatching reporter/resources to the scene (may include both local and national coverage) 11. Obtaining access to the site or spokesperson 12. Dramatizing the situation. Looking for the best way to get the most dramatic video or photography possible 13. Expecting an instant briefing, complete with written information 14. Finding immediate victims and/or people who have been affected/inconvenienced by the situation 15. Expecting YOU to panic 16. Sharing information and sometimes rumors amongst themselves

230

Family Liaison Officer Responsibilities

The Family Liaison Officer provides the Survivor Action Officer with regular updates on the family’s status and needs. Because of the critical nature of the liaison’s role and the around-the-clock coverage required, a department should appoint a back-up liaison to provide relief as needed. All officers must work closely with the Family Liaison Officer to ensure that the family understands their options and that their wishes are honored.

Family Liaison Officer - The Family Liaison Officer reports directly to the Survivor Action Officer and is responsible for maintaining a communication link between the family and the department. The Family Liaison Officer provides the logistical support to the family throughout the funeral process and should have a department vehicle assigned to him for the entire time. The duties are as follows:

Along with the Chaplain, provide reassurance and support to the family after the official notification of the next of kin. • Discuss all aspects of the funeral process and its ceremonies with the family and the funeral director. The Family Liaison Officer must be able to relay information to the department as to what level of involvement the department will have in the funeral process in accordance with the family's wishes.

Inform the family as to the various traditional fire service funeral options that can be included in a service. This is accomplished with the cooperation of the Funeral Director. These might include readings, music, honor guards and military formations. All of the requests made by the surviving family must be relayed to the Survivor Action Officer for delegation to the "task force" of officers.

1. Some of the areas that the Family Liaison Officer will assist the family in determining will be:

1. Type of interment? 2. Which funeral home will be used? 3. Which church/large assembly area will be used? 4. Which clergy will be used, including the department chaplain? 5. Which cemetery will be used? 6. Will the deceased will be buried in uniform? 7. Number of primary pallbearers and whether honorary pallbearers will be used.

231

2. The length of church service, as well as:

1. Readers of the Scripture. 2. What Scripture will be read? 3. Music at the church. 4. Who will deliver the sermon, eulogy, etc.? 5. Ending last alarm bell service.

3. The length of the wake (if any) and a tentative schedule

4. The ceremonies that will take place at the cemetery:

1. Band 2. Firing squad 3. Readings and who will perform them (see Appendix E for Sample Readings) 4. Eulogy and who will deliver it (see Appendix F for Sample Eulogies) 5. Taps 6. Bag Pipes

5. Procession Items:

1. Will a pumper be used as a caisson or will a conventional hearse be used instead? (In some departments the engine from the deceased member's most recent duty station is taken out of service and used as the hearse, with minor modifications made to accommodate the casket.) 2. Will a pumper or ladder truck be used as a flower car? 3. Will personnel walk alongside the caisson or drive in the procession?

6. The Family Liaison Officer also should:

1. Obtain all articles of clothing that the deceased will wear (except shoes) and deliver them to the Funeral Director/officer. 2. Identify and determine any other special considerations on behalf of the family and the special requests per the individual's personal information sheet. 3. Maintain 24 hour contact with the family for their assistance and the same contact with the Survivor Action Officer. 4. Obtain a recent photograph of the deceased for the Funeral Director

232

7. The Family Liaison Officer may also be asked to address the following items by the family and the Survivor Action Officer:

10. Autopsy reports, birth certificates, marriage certificates, death certificates (Workman's Compensation) NC or military records. 11. Check the individual's retirement plan - survivor benefits. 12. NC widow and children benefits and burial benefits. 13. Social Security - survivor benefits. 14. Insurance policies. • Continue medical plan for the family -Life insurance • Optional insurance • Widows and orphans funds 15. W-2 form. 16. Final paycheck, including sick leave and vacation time. 17. Income tax report. 18. Outstanding loans. 19. Transfer of ownership of property and vehicles to survivors. 20. Review all outstanding bills. Include the last medical and funeral expenses. 21. Determine what is covered by insurance. 22. Advise survivors not to loan money. 23. Investigate possibility of college scholarships for dependents. 24. Mortgage insurance. 25. Workmen's compensation,

233

The Event Coordinator Responsibilities

The Event Coordinator is responsible for the management of all activities and is a resource to the stricken department. The Event Coordinator should familiarize himself/herself with the services that can be offered to the family. These can include:

A. Posting casket guards at the funeral or visitation 1) Does not have to be only honor guard members a. Fellow fire fighters b. Military representatives

B. Pallbearers 1) Can include family members and others 2) Usually only fire department personnel place casket onto apparatus and ride on apparatus with casket.

C. Honor Corridor 1) Two flanking lines of personnel from casket rig to gravesite a. Organized by honor guard b. Any uniformed personnel may participate

D. Folding of U.S. or mourning flag

E. Performance of Bell Ceremony

F. Performance of Taps

G. Forming and leading a procession 1) To fire station 2) To grave site

H. Pipes and Drums

I. Posting of Colors at reception or visitation

J. Anything requested of the unit by family, department, or local if within the Honor Guard's ability and good taste.

234

1. The Event Coordinator should begin delegating tasks to other Department Honor Guard members upon notification of the occurrence. One host department member and one Honor Guard member, to work as a team, should fill the following positions.

A. Funeral Home Coordinator 1) Provides coordination and interaction with the Funeral Director.

B. Church Coordinator 1) Provides coordination and interaction with the church to arrange the funeral service.

C. Procession Coordinator 1) Arranges and directs the funeral procession

D. Cemetery Coordinator 1) Provides coordination and interaction with the cemetery.

2. The Fire Marshal’s Office should have the deceased's department contact the Event Coordinator or the Honor Guard Commander in order to arrange for a meeting. The deceased's department should, at this time, assign a Family Liaison to aid the family. The deceased's department should help the family in choosing what services will be rendered for the deceased. When the Event Coordinator arrives to begin service arrangements, information should be collected. The family liaison can collect much of this information before the Event Coordinator's arrival. The members assigned to the coordinator positions should attempt to be present during the initial meetings pertaining to their relative responsibilities.

3. Additional considerations include:

A. Assure next of kin notifications have occurred.

B. Notify all department stations of death.

C. Issue news release to media and to communications center.

D. Assure notification of all off duty and vacationing personnel.

E. Arrange to have flags lowered to half-mast and bunting placed on the station(s), as appropriate.

F. Notify all other city departments.

235

G. Notify all other emergency service departments and police departments.

H. Make appropriate follow up contacts when the funeral arrangements and schedules have been determined.

I. Personally collect all of the deceased's personal items from the station and forward it to the Family Liaison Coordinator.

J. Conduct a coordination meeting with key personnel as soon as possible (Family Liaison, Church, Funeral, Cemetery and Procession Coordinators) so that everyone understands what options will be exercised in the ceremony. Once established, all key individuals should be instructed to make the appropriate contacts and when the next final coordination will be.

K. Make appropriate arrangements for a post funeral meal and facility to handle a large group of people (with family approval through Family Liaison Coordinator).

L. Call the final key personnel coordinator meeting together and establish what the family would like to have in relation to services from the department. 1) Establish timetable or schedule 2) Identify times and places for group gatherings in accordance with ceremonies 3) Re-contact all appropriate people and agencies with schedule, meeting places and instructions

M. Contact support agencies as appropriate to arrange their assistance through the appropriate key person. 1) Bands; 2) Honor Guards; 3) Firing squad; 4) Bugler. 5) Bagpipes

N. Contact appropriate department (personnel) to arrange for finalized paperwork, forms, etc.

O. Contact neighboring departments for purposes of station coverage for equipment and personnel during the funeral.

236

P. Maintain key coordination and contact position for the remainder of events.

Q. Coordinate the post funeral meal process and assure future family follow up by Family Liaison Coordinator.

R. Arrange pre-briefing meeting with all parties who will participate at least one hour prior to service.

4. The Event Coordinator should use information collected from the other coordinators to organize the event so that the funeral flows well from one service and location to the next. The Event Coordinator should record what services would be performed by all organizations, not only the member’s department ; this can include the deceased's Local Honor Guard, military representatives, and local departments. In many cases nearby departments would like to assist, make sure they are not forgotten.

5. The Event Coordinator should also realize that the department Honor Guard might be asked to play a less major role in the funeral plans. The Local Honor Guard or LC Fire & Rescue Association may be chosen by the family to organize the event. The Event Coordinator should not perceive this as an insult to the member’s department, but should honorably accept the assignment given by the family, department, or local and fulfill this role to the best of the their ability. Always remember that the Event Coordinator is to assist with whatever the needs are, we are not there to take charge, but rather to be a great resource.

See Appendix 7 - A Support and Contact Information Work Sheets

237

Funeral / Memorial Officer Responsibilities

The Funeral / Memorial Officer’s role is to serve as intermediary between the funeral director and the other department personnel involved in funeral or memorial service activities. This officer is not a funeral director and should not interfere in funeral management.

The Funeral / Memorial Officer's duties include the primary responsibility of insuring that the wishes of the family and the special requests of the individual are coordinated with the Funeral Director and Chaplains. He provides coordination and interaction with the Funeral Director and the church and the cemetery, and arranges and directs the funeral procession. The Funeral Officer reports directly to the Survivor Action Officer and keeps him well informed during the planning process.

1. Duties include the following: • Establish a tentative schedule of events and the length of time the mourning and burial process will involve. • Alarm/Dispatch Notifications – Make sure the announcement about the death and arrangements are made in a timely matter. • Determine which fire department vehicles will be used as caissons or flower vehicles. • Make arrangements for the surviving family to get from the funeral home to the cemetery. • Establish an honor guard schedule to stand guard during the viewing at the funeral home. • Arrange for honorary pallbearers (family, company officers, retirees). • Arrange for active pallbearers. (See page 61 for duties of active pallbearers.) • Secure the bugler, color guard(s), band, and firing squad. • Obtain an American flag. (The Funeral Director secures a flag for veterans only.) • Coordinate any formal walk through of uniformed personnel during the period of viewing with the agencies and Funeral Director. This includes seating arrangements. • Coordinate any prayer services to be conducted at the funeral home.

Appendix 7 – C Funeral Information Worksheet Appendix 7 – D Alarm/Dispatch Notification – Funeral Arrangements for (Active or LODD) Appendix 7 – E Fire/Dispatch Notification - Funeral Arrangements for Retire or Relative

238

2. Develop a schedule and a brief set of instructions for uniformed personnel the day of the funeral. Be sure to coordinate with the funeral home. This includes:

• Arrival time of uniformed personnel with specific instructions as to where to gather. • Briefing and development of formations that will be used when the casket is removed. • Briefing of proper protocols for entering and leaving the funeral home. • Arrange with the department's photographer to record the entire funeral. • Arrange with the PIO to establish guidelines for TV and press: • At the church inside and/or outside. • Funeral home inside and/or outside. • Cemetery - general photo coverage and/or coverage of the immediate grave. • Coordinate the vehicle staging with the Procession Officer and include the vehicle assignments for the department. • Obtain white gloves for the pallbearers and black bunting for the station(s) and apparatus.

Sample layout for a Visitation Service

Flags

Casket

Entrance

Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director or other department Officer

Appendix 7 - B Funeral Coordinator Checklist

239

Procession Officer Responsibilities

The Procession Officer arranges and directs the funeral procession from the funeral home to the church, if there is a church service, and to the final committal site.

The Procession Officer has the primary responsibility of coordinating the transportation arrangements and funeral procession from the funeral home to the church and then finally to the cemetery.

The following duties fall within his/her responsibility:

A. Attend the coordination meeting and determine the following: 1) Name of the funeral home; 2) Name of the church; 3) Name of the cemetery; 4) Will a pumper be used as a caisson or will conventional methods be used? 5) Will a Emergency Service vehicle be used as a flower vehicle? 6) Tentative time schedules? 7) Will the procession involve walking? a. Honor Guard; b. Pipe and Drums; c. Pallbearers.

B. The Procession Coordinator should then establish a simple systematic scheme for staging and coordinating vehicles at each location.

1) Establish a simple systematic scheme for staging and coordinating vehicles each location. The scheme should include areas large enough to accommodate large numbers of emergency vehicles. The staging areas should be within a block or two of the funeral home or church preferably at a department’s station, school, or park where ample parking and assembly area are available. This group can then "march" as a unit to the church or funeral home to act as a Funeral Detail.

240

C. He/she should determine any special considerations the procession ma involve by contacting the Family Liaison Coordinator. These include:

1) Will the procession drive past the deceased's home, department or other significant concerns? 2) Will a special line-up of equipment be needed at any point in the procession for purposes of showing respect? 3) Will crossed aerial equipment be used over the cemetery entrance so the procession will drive under it? If so, the request for equipment should be forwarded to the Event Coordinator. The actual coordination of the aerials belongs to the Procession Coordinator. 4) Coordinate the vehicle staging at the church and cemetery with the appropriate key people.

D. Upon completion of the above, the Procession Coordinator will have to make contact with the local Police Department through host department and:

1) Determine a route; 2) Determine appropriate traffic control; 3) Request local P.D. to coordinate efforts with other Police Departments.

E. The Procession Coordinator should then develop maps indicating the route and any other specific instructions. These maps should be handed out at the briefing at the funeral home prior to the beginning of the service.

F. The protocol for aligning the proper sequence of vehicles in a procession is basically as follows, from first to last:

1) Lead police car/emergency service agency vehicle; 2) Flower caisson or car; 3) Hearse or pumper car; 4) Immediate family limousines or cars; 5) Pall bearers and Honor Guard; 6) Other immediate Emergency Service Agency Director 's vehicle; 7) Other immediate Emergency Service Department vehicles; 8) Immediate Police Department vehicles; 9) Local City Fathers or City Administrators; 10) Visiting or neighboring Emergency Service Department vehicles; 11) Other municipal vehicles; 12) Friends of the family- private vehicles; 13) Rear police or emergency service agencies’ vehicles.

241

NOTE: With extremely large funerals, it may be advisable to form the vehicles two abreast while moving.

G. Should emergency service vehicle be used as caisson and/or flower vehicles, the Procession Coordinator has the responsibility of contacting the Event Coordinator to determine which apparatus will be used. Once established, the Procession Coordinator must assure the following items are taken care of in relation to the fire department vehicles:

1) Apparatus are thoroughly cleaned and hose beds stripped. 2) Bunting placed on the apparatus to be used. 3) Hose bed adapted to easily facilitate casket placement and removal. 4) Consider platform for loading of casket.

H. Obtain sufficient rolls of black plastic tape along with small round-tipped scissors hat can be carried in a pocket and made available in the assembly areas for all uniformed personnel to place a horizontal black band over their badges.

I. Upon completion of the above tasks, make contact with the appropriate agency (Sheriff's office, police department, etc.) to determine a route and appropriate traffic control.

J. Create maps that indicate the route and any other specific instructions to be distributed at the funeral service. These maps and instructions should be handed out at a briefing prior to the beginning of the funeral service. The maps should include locations of: the emergency service department(s); the funeral home; the church; the Chief Officer and dignitary assembly area; emergency service worker's assembly area; auxiliary parking areas; motels for out-of-town guests (including phone numbers); vehicles for the funeral procession; the cemetery and grave; and food service areas. It should also map out the route of the funeral procession. On this map or on a separate sheet include a copy of a diagram showing the proper arrangement and movement of personnel to the various sites. Sufficient quantities of the map should be reproduced for anticipated guests.

242

Sample 1 of Funeral Procession

FUNERAL PROCESSION

Motorcycle Escort

Funeral Director/Clergy

Pallbearers

Funeral Coach

Family (Immediate)

Family (Other)

Dignitaries

All Other Vehicles

Tail-end Vehicle (Police or Emergency Service Vehicle)

243

Sample 2 of Funeral Procession

FUNERAL PROCESSION

Police Vehicle Escort

Emergency Service Vehicle from decreased department

Funeral Director/Clergy

Pallbearers

Department vehicle from decreased department or Funeral Coach from funeral home

Family Vehicles

Other Emergency Service Vehicles

Rear Escort (Either Police or Emergency Service vehicle)

244

Sample 3 of Funeral Possession Marching – when walking

Marching Arrangement when walking beside emergency service vehicle or funeral coach

Honor Guard Honor Guard

Casket

245

Sample 4 Funeral Processional – Marching (Vehicles included) (Conducive to short distance) Drummers Drummers Drummers Pipers

Color Guard

Clergy/Agency Chaplain

Emergency Service Vehicle or Honor Guard Honor Guard Funeral Coach

Casket

Honor Guard Honor Guard

Pallbearer Family Vehicle

Emergency Service Agency Director and Officers

Dignitaries (Local to Farthest) Key Uniformed Agency Personnel

Pallbearers Visiting Uniformed Personnel

Honor Guard Additional Agency Apparatus

Individuals Additional Visiting Apparatus walking in front All Other Vehicles of procession

246

Service / Church Officer Responsibilities

If the family has decided to have a religious service, the Service Officer coordinates with clergy selected by the family.

The Church Officer has the primary responsibility of coordinating all of the activities and ceremonies at the church.

1. Additional duties include: • Attending the coordinating meeting and determining the following from the Survivor Action Officer and the Family Liaison Officer: o Tentative scheduling o Location of the church o Clergy to be used, including the Chaplain(s) o Scripture to be read and readers o Type and length of the service o What ceremonial items are being requested by the family (e.g, last alarm bell service) o Musical arrangements to be used (such as the Battle Hymn of the Republic, Bagpipes, or Amazing Grace) o Special musical arrangements -Who will deliver the eulogy

2. Contacting the Procession Officer and coordinating the vehicle staging of the procession. 3. Making seating arrangements for those attending the church service. Dedicated seating should be provided for the following: • Pallbearers • Honor guard • Uniformed personnel 4. Considering formations and coordinating the same during the arrival and removal of the casket from the church. Reviewing military commands for the formations and issuing them where appropriate. 5. Assuring that specifically assigned medical personnel be provided at the cemetery for the family should they require immediate medical assistance. 6. Upon dismissal of the formation, giving instructions as to the location of the post-funeral meal (determined by the Survivor Action Officer and Family Liaison Officer).

247

Outside of Church Formation – Entering and Exiting

Outside the Church

(The funeral formation is formed before the casket is moved and the casket is then carried through the formation followed by the family and friends)

Casket Casket Entering Exiting the Building Building

Honorary Pallbearers Funeral Funeral Department Detail Detail Director Department Director Officers Officers Officers Officers

Honorary Department Funeral Detail Funeral Pallbearers Director Detail

Funeral Funeral

Pallbearers Pallbearers

248

Outside of Church Formation – Shows Removing or Placing Casket on Department Apparatus or in Funeral Coach

Church

Bag Pipes or Band

Member’s Department Color Guard Visiting Emergency Director and Dignitaries Service Workers

Funeral Coach or Emergency Vehicle Casket

Agency Personnel

Key

Honor Guard

Pall Bearer

249

Outside of Church Formation – Shows Casket on Department Apparatus

Funeral Home or Church

Color Guard Visiting Emergency Service Workers

Department Director Funeral and Casket Dignitaries Coach or Apparatus

Agency Personnel

Pallbearers & Speakers

Emergency Service Agency Director & Officers

Agency Members

City Officials & Dignitaries

Visiting Agencies

250

Sample 1 Seating Arrangements for Emergency Service Funeral – (One aisle seating) USHERS’ GUIDE

Choir Choir XX ______

______

X X ______

Pallbearers Active Family Pallbearers Honorary Family Pallbearers Honorary Family Firing Party Family Honor Guard Family Color Guard – Bugler Dignitaries Officers Dignitaries Officers Dignitaries Officers Dignitaries Officers Dignitaries Officers Dignitaries Officers Civilians Officers Civilians Officers Civilians Officers Civilians Officers Civilians Officers Civilians Officers Civilians Officers Civilians Officers Civilians Officers Civilians

XX - Pulpit X - Position of Posted Colors

251

Sample 1 Seating Arrangements

252

Sample 2 Seating Arrangements for Emergency Service Funeral – (Two aisle seating)

USHERS’ GUIDE

Choir Choir

______

X X ______

Pallbearers Active Family Dignitaries Pallbearers Active Family Dignitaries Pallbearers Honorary Family Dignitaries Pallbearers Honorary Family Dignitaries Officers Civilians Officers Officers Civilians Officers Officers Civilians Officers Officers Civilians Officers Officers Civilians Officers Officers Civilians Officers Officers Civilians Officers Officers Civilians Officers Officers Civilians Officers Officers Civilians Officers

XX - Pulpit X - Position of Posted Colors

253

Final Committal / Cemetery Service Officer Responsibilities

The Final Committal Service Officer provides coordinates all the individuals responsible for the final committal service.

The Cemetery Officer is primarily responsible for the coordination and preparation of the events from the time the procession vehicles are stopped at the cemetery and the people exit their vehicles. He or she is also responsible for being the liaison with the cemetery staff.

1. Additional duties include the following: • Attending the coordination meetings and determining from the Survivor Action Officer and Family Liaison Office the following information: . What type of interment will be used? a. Burial b. Crypt c. Cremation

2. Does the family wish to have any of the following? a. Taps played b. Firing squad c. What Scripture will be read and who will read it d. A band

3. Upon receipt of this information, the Cemetery Officer should be responsible for the following: • Scheduling and coordinating the sequence of events for the family. This includes coordinating the requests for special items as mentioned with the Survivor Action Officer. • Ensuring that the pallbearers are familiar with and understand the process of folding and presenting the flag(s) to the widow (and mother if present). • Managing the formation of personnel and issuing of orders as appropriate and consistent with the Military Standards.

4. Assuring that the cemetery takes care of all the necessary items such as: • Overhead protection for the immediate family at the burial site • A public address system if one is to be provided

254

Cemetery Set-Up (Option 1)

Bugler/ Bagpiper Friends of the Family Funeral Director

Family Seating Department Chaplain

Casket

Department Director Officiating Clergy

Color Guard Pallbearers

Gov. Officials & Dignitaries Department Agency Members

Friends of Family & Visitors Visiting Agencies

255

Cemetery Set-Up (Option 2)

FSTC FIREARM SALUTE TEAM BP

UNIFORMED OFFICERS B

Dept. Agency Director H H H H

H H H H

R C F E R L F P HEAD P C E I A A P P O S E T M N P P ES L C N I I K P FOOT P O O D V L R R S E Y S T S

ES Escort Supervisor B Bugler BP Bag Pipes C Clergy DAD Department Agency Director H Honorary Pallbearers P Pallbearers FSTC Firearms Salute Team Supervisor NK Next of Kin

256

Pallbearers Responsibilities

Pallbearers - Should the family choose to use department members as pallbearers, it is the Family Liaison Officer's responsibility to ask which emergency service workers the family would like to use. There should be between six and eight pallbearers. They should wear Class A uniforms with hats and white gloves.

a. Due to their specific responsibilities, pallbearers are exempt from following the majority of orders given to the remainder of the formation.

b. The Funeral Officer, assisted by the Funeral Director, should give instructions on removing, handling, and transporting the casket.

If a fire engine or other emergency vehicle serves as a caisson, pallbearers should hold a practice session the day before the funeral. If this is not possible, pallbearers should report to the funeral home several hours before the beginning of the service for a protocol briefing and practice.

c. If the casket is draped with a flag to present to the next of kin, three pallbearers will be instructed on the proper method of removing, folding, and presenting the flag. Two pallbearers will fold the flag and present it to the third pallbearer who, in turn, will present it to the next of kin. The Final Committal Officer will coordinate the flag folding. Flag folding instructions appear on pages 53 thru 60 of this manual. If the casket is not draped with a flag, the department can present a pre-folded flag to the next of kin.

d. If fire department engines or other emergency service vehicles serve as caisson and flower vehicle, pallbearers should ride on them. If engines are not used, the department will provide the pallbearers other department vehicles for the procession.

1) Honorary Pallbearers - If the family so desires, a contingent of six (or more) family members and/or friends shall be designated Honorary Pallbearers; and will walk behind the Casket Team

257

Transportation Officer Responsibilities

The Transportation Officer will be responsible for arranging for the transportation of all visiting out-of-town guests to and from the airports and funeral service.

2. This includes but is not limited to the following:

• Airports • Hotels, motels • Funeral services • Cemetery • Food service areas

258

Culinary Officer Responsibilities

Culinary Officer (CO) should be appointed as soon as possible. Culinary Officer should have some back ground in the food service. CO doesn’t have to cook the food he/she just needs to organize all food for the family, fire station, Beverages for all personnel working during the event.

The CO works closely with the “Officer in Charge”, “Family Liaison Officer” and the “Funeral Director”. CO will obtain a head count in each category to start laying out his plan of attack.

CO is responsible for organizing all foods & beverage at the fallen firefighter’s engine house, immediately family house, during the event and Post Funeral Gathering (Luncheon). Including station coverage by other departments. CO is responsible for beverage and snacks for the family, member’s department and honor guard at the funeral home and at the church during breaks. CO is responsible for beverage for the funeral motorcade in the vehicles that are going to the cemetery which the family, honor guard, pall bears will ride in.

CO shall keep records and receipt for all foods, donations toward food and supplies and present them to the Finance Officer at the end of the event. Many business and civilian will want to do something for the fallen firefighter so a person shall be assign to keep records of what type of food is coming in and what time it will be delivered to a location, i.e.; emergency service departments, family house, etc.

CO should work closely with the Finance Officer to design a Form to present to the businesses who donate food and supplies. So they can have it for their records for tax purpose.

CO shall communicate with the funeral director on how many people he/she suspect to attend the Post Funeral Gathering. Most funerals it is about 2/3 of the people that attend the funeral will return for the Post Funeral Gathering. When planning a Post Funeral Gathering there are several items to consider.

Tents with Sides Chairs & Tables for the Post Funeral Gathering Table covering Line of credit with local businesses Lighting Portable toilets at the funeral home, church, cemetery Refrigerators-Refrigerator Truck Ice Machine - reserved at a party store or obtain a key Set up 1 hour before any event starts Retain a dumpster Heaters or Mister Fan Make sure outside lawn sprinklers are shut off

259

Overview of an event:

Provide all food and beverage (three complete meals with beverages, fruit and snacks) with disposable ware at the stations for covering departments. Post a listing on a wall showing, date, time, meal type, and provided by and if it’s for “pick up” or delivered. So CO knows what’s been covered. Limit the number of people who delivers food to the family house. Provide light snacks and bottle/canned beverages at the funeral home for affected fire department and honor guard and in a separate place the same items for the family. Provide beverage and package snacks in the parking lot of the funeral home for the times of viewing and also the day of service at the church and grave site (this is done very well by the Red Cross or Salivation Army). Provide bottle water and light snacks for the motorcade (placing these items in the vehicles). Provide a complete luncheon for after the service this is usually done at a school and is best if provided by a contracted catering firm.

Culinary Officer should be included in all meetings.

260

Auditing Officer Responsibilities

Responsibilities To secure, record and provide for the proper disposition of the personal effects of a member in the event of their death. The family should not be the one to “clean out the locker”. Dealing the with personal effects needs to be handle with discretion as this will be a very emotional time for all involved. This should be a process handled in stages according to the emotional state of the agency and the request of the family.

Immediate Action

1. Secure the deceased member’s vehicle at the work site.

Responsibilities

1. Secure the personal effects of the deceased member and deliver them to the ESA Director’s office, pending an inventory. 2. Ensure that all items are kept in a secure location. 3. Conduct an inventory of personal effects and make a written report of all items with the assistance of the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director or designee. This inventory can be written on Agency Letter head and should be done in the presence of the Operations Chief or administrative officer. 4. Coordinate with the Family Liaison Officer for the release of personal effects to the next of kin. 5. Forward written report to the ESA Director or designee for placement into the deceased member’s personnel file.

261

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have. APPENDICES Appendix 7 - A Support and Contact Worksheets Appendix 7 – B Funeral Coordinator Checklist Appendix 7 – C Funeral Information Worksheet Appendix 7 – D Sample - Alarm/Dispatch Notification- (Active or LODD) Death of a emergency service worker Appendix 7 – E Sample - Alarm/Dispatch Notification – Funeral Arrangements for Retire/ Relative of a emergency service worker

262

Appendix 7 – A: Support and Contact Information Worksheet

Support and Contact Information

Agency Director: Home Phone:

Cell Phone: Pager:

Public Information Officer:

Home Phone: Cell Phone:

Pager:

Chaplain: Home Phone:

Cell Phone: Pager:

CISM Team Leader:

Cell Phone:

Local CISM Team:

Phone Number/Hotline:

Family Coordinator:

Home Phone:

Cell Phone: Pager:

Hospital Relations Coordinator:

Home Phone:

Cell Phone: Pager:

263

Funeral Coordinator:

Home Phone:

Cell Phone: Pager:

Benefits Coordinator:

Home Phone:

Cell Phone: Pager:

Department Coordinator:

Home Phone:

Cell Phone: Pager:

Procession Coordinator:

Home Phone:

Cell Phone: Pager:

Cemetery Coordinator:

Home Phone:

Cell Phone: Pager:

Funeral Home:

Funeral Director:

Phone Number:

264

Cemetery:

Phone Number:

Police Department:

Contact Name:

Contact Number:

Coordinator Officer

Contact Name:

Contact Number:

Local Media

Newspaper: Contact:

Contact Number:

Newspaper: Contact:

Contact Number:

TV Station: Contact:

Contact Number:

TV Station: Contact:

Contact Number:

TV Station: Contact:

Contact Number:

TV Station: Contact: Contact Number:

265

Florist

Business Name:

Contact Name: Phone Number:

Business Name:

Contact Name: Phone Number:

Business Name:

Contact Name: Phone Number:

Business Name:

Contact Name: Phone Number:

Various Support Organizations:

Business Name:

Contact Name: Phone Number:

Business Name:

Contact Name: Phone Number:

Business Name:

Contact Name: Phone Number:

266

Appendix 7 – B: Funeral Coordinator Checklist

Order of Funeral Service Time of Day Allotted Time Task Performed by & (Minutes) Contact Number 6 Presentation of Colors 2 Invocation 3 Prayer 5 Opening Remarks 3 Special Music 5 Clergy Remarks 2 Scripture Reading 5 Clergy Remarks 5 Special Music/Poetry Reading 9 Dignitary’s Remarks 5 Fraternal Organization Leader’s Remarks 9 Agency’s Director Remarks 3 Special Music/Special Reading 20 Eulogy 6 Closing Remarks 5 Special Presentation (Slides/Video) 3 Closing Prayer 2 Benediction 3 Dismissal Instruction 4 Retire the Colors

267

Appendix 7 – C: Funeral Information Worksheet

Funeral Information

Item Date Time Location Visitation/Viewing Rosary/Other Religious Ceremony Funeral Service Staging Area(s) Processional Graveside Service Reception

268

Appendix 7 – D: Sample - Alarm/Dispatch Notification- (Active/ LODD) Death of an ESW

Fire Alarm/Dispatch Notification – (Active or LODD) Death of an emergency service worker When the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director of the Department or designee is informed of the death of an active or LODD member, the chief / Emergency Service Agency Director or designee will instruct dispatch center to notify the members of the death in the following manner:

Alphanumeric Pager system

Telephone

Audible paging system:

“Chief______of the ______Department announces with deep regret the passing of: (please circle) Chief, Assistant Chief, Deputy Chief, Captain, Lieutenant, Engineer, Firefighter, Paramedic, or EMT

(Name)______

Funeral arrangements are as follows:

Visitation (receiving of family and friends): Hours are from: ______to ______at the ______(Funeral Home, ______School, ______Church). ______(Address of location) Funeral Service Hours are: ______at the ______(Funeral Home, ______School, ______Church). ______(Address of location) Graveside Service Will follow funeral services at the ______Commentary. ______(Address of location)

Companies please flags at half-staff.”

Upon receiving official notification from the Chief / Emergency Service Agency Director of the Department of the death, the station flags will be lowered to half-mast until the day following the funeral.

269

Appendix 7 – E: Sample - Alarm/Dispatch Notification – Funeral Arrangements for Retired / Relative of an emergency service worker

Alarm/Dispatch Notification - Funeral Arrangements for Retired or Relative of an emergency service worker When the Chief/ Emergency Service Agency Director of the Department or designee is informed of the death of retired member or relatives of a family, the chief or designee will instruct dispatch center to notify the members of the death in the following manner:

Alphanumeric Pager system/ Telephone /Audible paging system:

“Chief______of the ______Department announces with deep regret the passing of: (please circle) Department announces with deep regret the passing of: (please circle) Chief, Assistant Chief, Deputy Chief, Captain, Lieutenant, Engineer, Firefighter, Paramedic, EMT, and Board Member

(Name) ______

“OR” (mark out which one not using so not to confusion the dispatchers)

“Chief______of the ______Fire Department announces with deep regret the passing of: (Name) ______(please circle) Son of, Daughter of, Father of, Mother of, Sister of, Brother of, Grandfather of, Grandmother of, (Name) ______

Funeral arrangements are as follows:

Companies please flags at half-staff.” (If this is applicable)

Upon receiving official notification from the Chief of the Department of the death, the station flags will be lowered to half-mast until the day following the funeral.

270

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

271

Chapter 8

Chapter 8: LODD Investigation Guidelines

This procedure describes the activities, roles and responsibilities that are required in the event an employee is killed in the line-of-duty (LODD). It establishes the need for, and membership of, an Investigation Team. This policy details the procedures the Investigation Team should follow in conducting its investigation. This chapter can apply to any emergency service worker LODD; you will need to change wording form firefighter to ______(EMS / Rescue worker, etc.)

Appendix 8 - F Line of Duty Death Action Checklist from Date of Incident to after the Funeral

Investigations of Line-of-Duty Deaths Emergency operations are inherently dangerous; however, the data on most emergency service workers line-of-duty deaths presented by the statistics in studies suggest that a significant proportion of emergency service workers deaths, particularly those on the scene, responding to the scene, returning to the station, are preventable. Different agencies have developed Guides for Investigation of a Line-of-Duty Death, which provides a systematic approach to the overall investigation of fatalities. All the guides suggest that an autopsy should be requested for every line-of-duty death and the results of the autopsy should be included in the report of the investigation.

There has been a significant decline in the number of emergency service workers deaths during on scene operations, particularly from exposure to hazardous and toxic products, which appears to be related to the increased use of better protective equipment. Emergency Service Worker’s deaths due to cardiac ailments remain a significant concern, as do traumatic injuries from vehicle accidents and training accidents.

Evaluating the thermal performance of various types of protective clothing is an example of an area where considerable insight can be gained through accurate anatomical descriptions obtained from an autopsy. Toxicological studies can help investigators better understand the effectiveness of SCBA and respiratory device use and operating procedures on preventing scene exposures to hazardous atmospheres. Evaluations of body fat, muscle development, and special coronary studies can help develop a database on the relative fitness of emergency service workers. These types of studies will help reinforce lessons which should help the emergency service improve on scene operating procedures, protective equipment, training, and physical fitness. They can also help support the development and use of criteria for regular medical evaluations for emergency service workers.

272

If the number of line-of-duty deaths continues to decline it will become more difficult to evaluate improvements in emergency service safety through the mortality statistics. This will place increased emphasis on the need for a detailed investigation and documentation of each and every line-of-duty death. It is a matter of compelling public interest that information about the cause and manner of all emergency service worker line-of-duty deaths should be thoroughly and systematically collected. The autopsy results should be an important part of the record in each case.

Toxicology A complete understanding of the cause of an emergency service worker’s death must include some consideration of toxicological agents that may have been involved and how they may have interacted with the deceased’s biological processes and systems to cause death. For instance, did the inhalation of carbon monoxide result in cardiac ischemia and subsequent cardiac arrest? Did a toxin enter the body through some route other than the respiratory system? Did protective clothing or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) fail to protect the user, or was the user’s air supply depleted? These conditions are often accompanied by other injuries which may or may not themselves have caused death, such as crushing forces or prolonged exposure to high radiant heat levels. Toxicology reports in most autopsies document the positive and negative findings of a series of tests conducted to detect specific substances which may have caused death. Such tests commonly include tests for the presence of pharmacological agents and illegal drugs. In the case of fire victims, the toxicology report should include blood, urine, other toxicants (and their biomarkers), as well as alcohol and drugs.

The most common products of combustion are carbon monoxide and either soot or ash, however, acrolein, cyanide, formaldehyde, hydrogen chloride, phenol, phosgene, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, water vapor, and carbon dioxide may also be present. Blood tests for the presence of ethyl alcohol are typically conducted to determine whether the deceased was under the influence of an intoxicating beverage at the time of death. Urinalysis should include tests for the presence of common narcotics, barbiturates, amphetamines, hallucinogens, or cannabinoids. Tests for other prescription and non- prescription drugs are occasionally performed to detect such compounds as common steroids, analgesics, and other indicators of coexisting illnesses/conditions, as well as of drugs used in emergency resuscitation attempts.

273

Personal Protective Equipment Detailed knowledge of the manner of death requires, among other things, an evaluation of the performance of the emergency service worker’s personal protective equipment, which includes protective clothing and breathing apparatus. There is voluminous anecdotal evidence that failure to use proper protective equipment has been responsible for many of emergency service worker injuries, illnesses, and deaths. The use of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or the correct respiratory has significantly reduced the number of emergency service workers injuries and deaths that are attributable to smoke inhalation. While thermal and respiratory injuries remain a concern in cases of emergency service worker’s autopsies, the widespread use of SCBA has introduced new considerations into the evaluation of these injuries. For example, knowing that a emergency service worker’s death was the result of inhalation of combustion products, when the emergency service worker was using a SCBA, would indicate the need to fully evaluate the performance of the SCBA.

Experts may need to be consulted to determine how a emergency service worker’s protective clothing and equipment performed or failed to perform. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health and several independent consultants are available to assist in the evaluation of personal protective equipment.

Emergency Service Worker’s Health Several studies have looked at the frequency of premature death rates among active and retired emergency service workers. Some of the studies have described the relationships between the atmosphere hazards are the cause of premature death from heart disease or cancer..

The different studies suggest concern for emergency service worker health and it should begin with prevention. They suggest that diet, lack of exercise, and lifestyle may be as responsible for premature emergency service workers deaths as any job-related exposure. The relationships of lifestyle, exercise, and diet with emergency service worker mortality appear to be more than just conjecture. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that emergency service workers are much less likely than the general population to die from natural causes at a given age, early in their careers, because they must be healthier than the average person to pass the rigorous health and fitness standards in order to be hired or approved for volunteer duty. The death rate for emergency service workers catches up with the rest of the population by their retirement age, which suggests that the so-called “health worker effect” diminishes with time, especially if the individuals do not take care of themselves. This takes into account the factor that emergency service worker tend to retire at a younger age than the general population

Trends in Line-of-Duty Death The overall downward trend in line-of-duty deaths has been primarily driven by the downward trend in deaths during scene operations while at the scene.

The adoption of health maintenance and physical fitness requirements for emergency service workes is a controversial subject and the requirements of NFPA 1582 have not been widely adopted. This subject is further complicated by the provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which may restrict the ability of emergency service departments to limit the duties of high risk individuals.

274

Emergency Service Workers Death Classifications Line-of-duty deaths uses nine categories to describe the mechanism of injury, which are defined in NFPA 901, Uniform Coding for Fire Protection. Statistics are compiled according to the cause of death as listed on the death certificate for each cause, when incident reports and witness accounts are available.

The nine causal categories reported in the USFA/NFPA system are: • Fell/slipped • Caught/Trapped • Struck by • Contract with/Exposure to • Overexertion/Strain • Exiting or Escaping/Jumped • Emergency Service Apparatus Accident • Assaulted • Other

While cardiac arrest and other stress-related fatalities are the leading cause of scene deaths, this classification system does not differentiate the causes of cardiac- and stress-related cases; all are classified as “Overexertion/Strain.” Although emergency service workers effects of job-related stress have not been clearly established or differentiated, particularly as they affect mortality and morbidity.

The annual USFA/NFPA report also describes emergency service worker fatalities according to the nature of the death (i.e., the medical cause death), using the following fifteen categories:

• Cardiac arrest • Drowning • Aneurysm • Internal trauma • Stroke • Fracture • Asphyxiation • Electrocution • Heat Stroke • Crushing • Hemorrhage • Pneumonia • Burns • Gunshot • Other

It should be noted that the USFA/NFPA categories do not correspond with International Classification of Disease (ICD-9) or SNOMED (Standardized Nomenclature of Medicine) cause categories.

Procedures to Follow for LODD Initial Action Plan

As soon as possible after a line-of-duty death has occurred, the Emergency Service Agency Director shall assign an Investigation Team to conduct an investigation of the circumstances of the event. The objective of this team shall be to thoroughly analyze and document the events leading to the death and to make recommendations aimed at preventing similar occurrences in the future. This procedure may also be utilized in the event of a serious accident involving fire department personnel that may or may not have resulted in death or injuries.

275

If the death occurred while on a scene, the Investigation Team report shall be separate and distinct from any scene cause investigation. A copy of the scene investigator’s report shall be included in the final report package. The Investigation Team report and all related documentation shall be an internal emergency service department administrative report.

The investigation of incidents involving death or serious injury to department members shall be directed by an officer designated by the Emergency Service Agency Director. The Investigation Team shall report through the designated Team Leader, who shall be responsible for the management of the investigative process.

The Investigation Team shall include the Fire Marshal, Safety Officer, City/County Risk Manager, Fire Investigator, Police Investigator, EMS and such additional personnel as may be required by the specific circumstances of the event. All members of the member’s department shall give their full and complete cooperation to the Investigation Team.

Appendix 8 - A LODD or Serious Injury Incident Initial Action Flow Chart

Appendix 8 - A Sample of OSFM LODD – Initial Notification Form

2. Duties and Responsibilities of the Investigation Team

• Within 8 hours of a serious injury or line-of-duty death the Emergency Service Agency Director shall notify the N.C. State Department of Labor and Industries at 1-800-625- 2267 or 919-779-8560 to be in compliance of NC 29CFR 1904.39 (b) (3) (4). • NC 29CFR 1904.39 (b) (3) (4) states equipment involved in a work or work related accident or incident is not to be moved unless such equipment hinders removal of any victims or could cause further incidents or injury. • Gathering and analysis of all physical evidence relating to the event. • Interviews of all witnesses with direct or indirect knowledge of the circumstances. • Documentation of radio traffic, telephone conversations, photographs, film, videotape and related information. • Consultation with persons having special knowledge of the factors involved in the incident, including experts and consultants from the private sector. • Liaison with other agencies involved in investigation of the incident. • Development of a comprehensive written report of the incident, including conclusions and recommendations.

The Investigation Team Leader shall establish and maintain an ongoing liaison with the City/County/Fire District Attorney’s office relating to the investigation.

The Team shall cooperate fully with all other governmental agencies having legal cause to be involved in the investigation of a line-of-duty death incident, and to cooperate voluntarily, when appropriate, with organizations working in the areas of emergency service occupational safety and health education and training.

276

Other governmental agencies that may be involved in an investigation include:

• United States Fire Administration • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health • Law Enforcement Agencies • N.C. SBI • N.C. State Fire Marshal (OSFM) • N.C. State Labor and Industries • EMS

The Investigation Team shall utilize the resources of individuals and agencies outside the Member’s Department to assist in the investigation and/or provide technical consultation when necessary.

These resources include:

• National Fire Protection Association • International Association of Fire Chiefs • NC Fireman’s Association • NC Fireman’s and Rescue Squad Pension Fund Office • Consultants • Testing Laboratories • American Petroleum Institute (if applicable)

3. DOCUMENTATION

Employees shall have the right to have a representative present during an interview.

Appendix 8 - B LODD Fire Department or Rescue Squad Information Checklist

The Investigation Team shall coordinate its activities with the Prevention Division of their Department/Police Department to avoid interference in any criminal investigation relating to the incident.

277

The Investigation Team shall:

• Obtain and secure tapes and printouts of telephone and radio conversations and CAD transactions relating to the incident. The pertinent aspects of the radio and telephone tapes shall be transcribed. • Gather and document any physical evidence relating to the incident in coordination with the Operations Chief and/or auditing officer. Physical evidence shall be secured and labeled, and the chain of custody procedures maintained. • Examine all protective clothing, breathing apparatus and equipment used by the personnel involved in the incident as soon as is feasible. A complete physical description of the protective clothing, breathing apparatus and equipment shall be included in the report of the incident. (A performance status report shall be conducted by a qualified professional on all safety equipment). • Review and comment on the application of policies and procedures to the incident, the observance of procedures, their effect on the situation and recommendation for changes, additions or deletions. • Attempt to obtain any photographs, videotape or other information relating to the incident from news media or other sources. Such evidence shall be obtained with the written agreement that it is to be used only for investigative and educational purposes. • Interact and cooperate with Prevention Department and Law Enforcement personnel in their activities related to the incident. • When feasible, the Investigation Team shall obtain copies of autopsy reports, medical treatment records, injury reports and other information relating to members involved in the incident.

The Emergency Service Agency Director shall determine the schedule and method of presentation for the final report of the Investigation Team. In cases involving a line-of-duty death, it is not recommended that a formal post-incident analysis be held, as the final report will substitute.

COPIES OF DEATH CERTIFICATE (Emergency Service Agency Director or Designee) Order through the funeral director (12 copies). Allow one week for delivery.

Appendix 8 - C LODD Emergency Service Department Contact Checklist

Procedures to Follow for LODD Exposure to Hazards Environments Because of their repetitive exposure to toxic environments and carcinogens, many emergency service workers are concerned that they are at a higher risk to die prematurely, particularly as their longevity on the job increases. The causes of emergency service worker deaths that may occur off-duty (or no line-of-duty) can sometimes be attributed to one exposure or to a series of exposures to toxins. There have been some major, well documented exposures of emergency service workers to certain known carcinogens.

It can be very difficult to directly attribute a non-line-of-duty death to a line of-duty exposure, especially if the exposure occurred years before the death. Comprehensive autopsies of emergency service workers whose death may have been caused by a line-of-duty exposure could help establish a better understanding of the relationship between exposures and premature deaths, however this will require much better data be obtained and maintained than is currently the norm. Many emergency service departments have mandated physical requirements and medical examinations for emergency service workers.

278

Regular medical exams and physical testing can tract a emergency service worker’s physical and medical status from hire to retirement, and can serve as a baseline against which to compare, especially after an incident or series of incidents where a emergency service worker may be concerned that an exposure has jeopardized his or her health. Records of exposures to particular toxins should be kept by the department along with the medical records. Such documentation would be valuable in determining whether an exposure led to medical problems, or whether a non-line-of-duty death is related to emergency operations activities or occupational activities.

Appendix 8 - F Emergency Service Worker’s Health and Medical Physical Exam Forms

The emergency service worker autopsy protocol is primarily intended to be applicable to line-of-duty deaths; however it would also be appropriate for non-line-of-duty deaths where an occupational factor is suspected to be involved in the cause of death. For most emergency service workers deaths which are not duty-related or which involve former emergency service workers, existing clinical autopsy procedures consistent with the individual’s medical history should be appropriate. The procedures for doing an autopsy protocol in this manual was taken from others to help uncover pertinent forensic information consistent with the distinct occupational aspects of emergency service workers.

Procedures to Follow for Firefighter Autopsy Protocol (For a complete copy of the protocols, with charts/graphs, please access Federal Emergency Management Agency -United States Fire Administration)

I. BACKGROUND While during my research to find information on this study it was determined that there is no standard protocol in forensic medicine that would assist a coroner or medical examiner in determining the cause of a emergency service worker’s death. Responding to this concern, the USFA, in 1993, initiated a project to develop a standard firefighter (emergency service worker) autopsy protocol. Experts in forensic pathology, toxicology, epidemiology, and medico legal aspects of autopsy, as well as representatives of several national fire, emergency medical and other service organizations, worked together to provide guidance, consultation, and review during the development of the protocol. These members provided the expertise and experience to develop the actual protocol, which included in this chapter. The intended of this autopsy protocol is to provide guidance to medical examiners, coroners, and pathologists on uniform recommended procedures for investigating the causes and contributing factors related to emergency service worker’s death.

The protocol recognizes and addresses those attributes of emergency service worker casualties which distinguish them from the general population, as well as from civilian casualties. These differences include the use of protective clothing and equipment, prolonged exposures to the hazardous environment, and specialized training and duties.

2. Scope of Problem Emergency Service Workers have been described as being one of the nation’s most hazardous occupations.

279

The statistical analysis of emergency service worker fatalities accounts for how many emergency service workers have died and to some extent explains how they died, but the available data do not explain why emergency service workers die but more questions about what, if anything, is being done correctly to prevent line-of-duty deaths.

4. Rationale for the Protocol

The autopsy protocol was developed to give guidance to qualified professionals on the specific procedures that will be most appropriate in performing an autopsy on a deceased emergency service worker. The recommended procedures are intended to address the complex relationship between the emergency service worker and the inherently dangerous work environment where the duties of an emergency service worker must be performed. It has been assumed that the user will be qualified, skilled and experienced in performing autopsies, as the protocol is intended only to provide guidance on the special considerations that should apply to an emergency service worker autopsy.

It is hoped that a uniform emergency service worker autopsy protocol will lead to a more thorough documentation of the causes of emergency service worker’s deaths for three purposes:

1) To advance the analysis of the causes of emergency service worker deaths to aid in the development of improved emergency service worker health and safety equipment, procedures, and standards; 2) To help determine eligibility for death benefits under the federal government’s Public Safety Officer Benefits Program, as well as state and local programs; and 3) To address an increasing interest in the study of deaths that could be related to occupational illnesses among emergency services workers, both active and retired.

The work environment of the emergency service worker is inherently dangerous. To survive in that environment, the emergency service worker routinely uses protective clothing, respiratory protection, safety equipment, and standard operating procedures intended to reduce the level of risk, but which cannot eliminate all risks. It is extremely important, in the event of a failure of those protective systems, to fully and carefully determine what, if anything, may have gone wrong and how, if possible, similar occurrences may be able to be prevented from happening again. An autopsy may provide some of the essential evidence to make those determinations.

280

5. MEDICOLEGAL AUTOPSY

PROCEDURES IN THE UNITED STATES The need to investigate and understand the cause of death, particularly when it occurs under unusual, confusing, or ambiguous circumstances, is almost universal. Nearly every country has established requirements for the medico legal investigation of unforeseen, unnatural, or violent deaths, usually including workplace accidents and job-related deaths. However, unlike some other industrialized nations, no national system of death investigation exists in the United States. Death investigation in the United States falls under the authority of state and local officials.

Legal structures governing death investigation vary considerably among the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the territories. Depending on the jurisdiction, the official responsible for determining the cause and manner of death may be a coroner or medical examiner. Most emergency service worker deaths are investigated as unusual or unforeseen deaths according to state laws and regulations, and a high level if discretion is afforded to coroners and medical examiners in the manner of fulfilling their duties and responsibilities.

Notwithstanding the differences among the various systems, all death investigation systems are intended to respond to questions of who died, how and why a death occurred, and (as applicable) who is responsible for the occurrence. This information in turn may be used in legal proceedings, to compile vital statistics, to evaluate medical care and treatment, and to compile factual information on clinical, anatomical, pathological, physiological, and epidemiological subjects for research purposes.

6. When Is An Autopsy Required?

An autopsy is not performed as a part of every death investigation. In most cases, the determination of the need to perform an autopsy is a discretionary responsibility of the coroner or medical examiner. The issuance of a death certificate does not require an autopsy and only a death certificate is needed to qualify for most insurance and death benefit programs. The coroner or medical examiner may determine that no autopsy is required in any situation where there is sufficient other evidence to make conclusive determinations on the cause and manner of death. Frequently, no autopsy is conducted when a emergency service worker death is believed to have been caused by natural causes, such as cardiac ischemia, even when it occurs on the scene of or responding to a fire or emergency incident.

Many coroners and medical examiners have had to limit the number of autopsies performed because of cost and time constraints. Fiscal pressures have increased as the number of death investigation cases has increased, particularly those involving violent deaths. The cases in which an autopsy is most likely to be omitted include those where there is a known and undisputed cause of deaths often fall within these parameters. Autopsies are sometimes omitted because of the religious or personal preferences of the deceased and his or her family.

281

The failure to conduct autopsies appears to be of significant concern throughout the medico legal community. Performing autopsies, even in cases of prolonged illness or involving individuals with prior medical histories, would be valuable in conclusively determining the cause of death, gaining a more detailed understanding of injury and disease processes, and evaluating the quality of medical care. According to some in the death investigation profession, a decline in the level of interest in pathology and forensic pathology among medical students has led to a shortage of trained professionals to conduct these procedures.

Autopsies are usually performed to establish or verify the cause of death, or to gather information or evidence that would be helpful in an investigation. Without an autopsy, specific causes, contributing factors, and underlying conditions may go undiscovered and unreported. In the case of emergency service worker fatalities, this lack of information may significantly hamper our understanding of the hazards of emergency service and limit the ability to develop more effective ways to prevent emergency service worker deaths and injuries.

7. OCCUPATIONAL ASPECTS OF EMERGENCY SERVIE IS OF SPECIFIC CONCERN TO AUTOPSY

Emergency service workers fatalities often result from complicated scenarios. Due to the nature of the occupation, their death could be caused by a wide variety of single factors or a combination of several factors. For example, a emergency service worker could die from a stress-induced heart attack caused by simple over-exertion; or a emergency service worker could die from asphyxiation which is actually caused by the failure of his or her breathing apparatus; or a emergency service worker could die from hypothermia, resulting from being trapped in a structural collapse while preforming on scene operations on an extremely cold day. An emergency service worker’s death could be caused by the inhalation of toxic products of combustion, burns, traumatic injury, exposure to hazardous materials, radiation, a variety of other singular causes, or a combination of factors.

A better understanding of the actual causes of emergency service worker deaths, including all of the causal factors, will require a thorough examination of the protective clothing and equipment that are involved in the incident, a detailed analysis of the situation, and the details that can only be obtained through an autopsy. Such as carboxyhemoglobin levels and the presence of toxic products in the respiratory and circulatory systems.

Public Safety Officers Benefit Program

The Bureau of Justice Assistance of the U.S. Department of Justice administers the Public Safety Officer Benefits (PSO) program, which was established by Congress to provide death benefits to family members of “public safety officers found to have died as the direct and proximate result of a personal injury sustained in the line of duty.”

282

Evaluation Criteria Title 28, Part 32 of the Code of Federal Regulations outlines the eligibility, criteria for receiving benefits under this program. Claimants are required to demonstrate that the injury resulting in the death of the public safety officer was the direct result of activities performed in the line of duty. Several claims have been filed in cases where the death resulted from disease or chronic health conditions that were not clearly related to a specific on-duty event. Many of the claims involving deaths resulting from chronic health conditions, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and cancer, have been denied because casualty could not be clearly and convincingly demonstrated.

Several states have adopted statutes or regulations that establish a presumption in the case of firefighters, that any cardiac or pulmonary disease is occupationally related. Most of these presumptive regulations were adopted in an era when firefighters were routinely exposed to products of combustion without respiratory protection. Some states have more recently extended this presumption to cover cancer as well.

To determine when cardiac deaths could be considered duty-related under the PSOB regulations, an expert panel was convened by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, in April 1978 to consider the relative contributions of carbon monoxide and heart disease in firefighter deaths.

As a result of this meeting, a standard was established for evaluating claims involving heart attacks, based on evidence that carbon monoxide can increase the susceptibility of an individual to a sudden myocardial infarction.

This standard requires that in order to be considered eligible for PSOB compensation, non-smoking firefighters must have a blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level above 10 percent by volume and those firefighters who smoke must have COHb levels above 15 percent by volume.Even if these criteria are met, benefits can still be denied if the medical examiner or coroner performing the autopsy and the pathologist reviewing the case for PSOB determine that carbon monoxide inhalation was not a significant factor in the death or the COHb level found was not a direct causal factor as defined in the PSOB regulations.

In addition to the requirement to demonstrate that the personal injury was incurred in the line of duty, PSOB awards are contingent upon a finding that the death was not caused by intentional misconduct, grossly negligent conduct, or intoxication of the deceased. The Department of Justice has never denied a PSOB claim on the basis of intentional misconduct or grossnegligence on the part of the deceased, and denials for intoxication have been rare.

Program History Between 1976 and 1992, 1,428 firefighter claims were reported to the PSOB office. During this period, 855 cases were approved and 603 were denied. (The additional cases include 30 carried over from previous years). The majority of the cases denied involved coronary artery or related cardiovascular diseases without supporting evidence of elevated COHb levels.

283

The PSOB regulations do not require that an autopsy be performed to document the cause of death. Only a death certificate must be provided to establish death and indicate the proximate causes; however, cases can be delayed or complicated by failure to provide toxicological evidence to support the cause of death or rule that intoxication is approximately half of the casesprocessed; however, the overwhelming majority of those for which claims were denied involved cases where no autopsy was performed. PSOB officials point out that of the claims denied, the majority involved cardiac deaths which were unlikely to qualify, even if autopsies had been performed.

Issues and Concerns Due to the substantial number of firefighter line-of-duty deaths caused by heart attacks, firefighters have expressed considerable interest in the standards used to evaluate these cases. Although it is generally accepted that carbon monoxide exposure can cause cardiac ischemia and subsequent death, considerable disagreement exists regarding the assumption that exposure to combustion products should be the sole determinant to qualify individual heart attack cases as job-related. Many individuals and organizations in the fire service content that several job-related factors conspire to increase a firefighter’s risk of acquiring heart disease.

Similar arguments surround the question of chronic conditions such as cancer. Department of Justice officials indicate that only two claims have been paid in the last 15 years for cancer deaths. Both of these cases involved police officers who died of testicular cancer and in each case there was substantial evidence that the cancer resulted from a single job-related exposure. While it has been established that firefighters routinely operate in environments filled with toxic and carcinogenic compounds, no firefighter cancer death claims have been approved under the PSOB regulations.

Public Safety Officers Benefit Program Checklist Information

PUBLIC SAFETY OFFICERS BENEFIT PROGRAM)

Checklist for Public Safety Agencies Filing a Public Safety Officers Benefit (PSOB) Death Claim

“The PSOB Office extends its condolences to you on the loss of your colleague. The following checklist is provided to simplify the PSOB filing process for your and the fallen Officer’s survivors. Please contact the PSOB Office toll free at 888-766-6513 for assistance with any part of the PSOB claim.”

Collect the following information regarding the officer’s line-of-duty death from your agency records.

1. PSOB Report of Public Safety Officer’s Death form completed and signed by the head of the public safety agency.

284

2. Detailed Statement of Circumstances from the initiation of the incident to the pronouncement of the officer’s death. 3. Investigation, Incident, and/or Accident Reports. 4. Death Certificate 5. Autopsy Report, or a statement signed by the head of the public safety agency or the medical examiner explaining that no autopsy was performed. 6. Toxicology Report, or a statement signed by the head of the public safety agency or the medical examiner explaining that no autopsy was performed. 7. Documentation for heart attacks and stroke to include: • Detailed statement listing all of the officer’s on-duty actions during the 24-hour period prior to the onset of the heart attack or stroke. • Medical records related to the officer’s health, including hospital admission/discharge reports, physician reports, physical examination results, and health risk and wellness evaluations covering the past three years.

Collect the following information regarding the member’s surviving family/beneficiaries.

1. PSOB Claim for Death Benefits form completed and signed by the survivor/claimant 2. Member’s current Marriage Certificate, if applicable. 3. Divorce Decrees for all the officer’s and current spouse’s previous marriages, including references to physical custody of children, if applicable. 4. Birth Certificates for all the officer’s surviving children and stepchildren, regardless of age or dependency, identifying the children’s parents, if applicable. 5. For each child who was between the ages of 19 and 22 and a full-time student at the time of the officer’s death, a copy of the child’s transcript and a statement from the school confirming the child’s status as a fulltime student when the officer passed away. 6. For each child who was between the ages of 19 and 22 and not a fulltime student at the time of the officer’s death, a statement from the child that he/she was capable of self-support.

7. For each step-child who, at the time of the officer’s death, was either under the age of 19 or between the ages of 19 and 22 and a full-time student. • A statement from the child’s parent stating that, at the time of the officer’s death, the child’s principal place of residence was the home of the officer OR • a statement that the child did not live at the officer’s home but was dependent on the income of the officer for more than one-third of the child’s support OR • affidavits from two non-family members explaining how the officer accepted the child as his/her own. If one of these conditions applies to a step-child who was between the ages of 19 and 22 at the time of the officer’s death, a copy of the child’s transcript and a statement from the school confirming the child’s status as a full- time student when the officer passed away. • For each step-child who was between the ages of 19 and 22 and not a full-time student at the time of the officer’s death, a statement from the child that he/she was capable of self-support.

Step 3

285

Mail or fax the above information to the PSOB Office, keeping a complete copy for your records.

Public Safety Officers’ Benefits Program Bureau of Justice Assistance 810 Seventh Street NW Washington, DC 20531 Fax: 202-616-0314

Because no two PSOB cases are alike, additional information may be requested by the PSOB Office to help clarify or establish the eligibility of claims and beneficiaries according to the PSOB Act and its regulations. If additional information is necessary, please access Public Safety Officers Benefit Program at the following website: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ogc/PSOB_Act_and_Regulations 2006.htm

Appendix 8 - E PSOB checklist filing process for LODD and the fallen officer’s survivors

286

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

APPENDICES Appendix 8 - A LODD or Serious Injury Incident Initial Action Flow Chart Appendix 8 - B LODD Emergency Service Department or Rescue Squad Information Checklist Appendix 8 - C LODD Emergency Service Department/Rescue Squad Contact Checklist Appendix 8 - D OSFM LODD – Initial Notification Form Appendix 8 - E PSOB Checklist filing process for your and the fallen Officer’s survivors Appendix 8 - F Line Of Duty Death Check List from Incident til after funeral Appendix 8 - G Injury/Death Investigation Checklist Initial Information Appendix 8 - H Injury/Death Investigation Checklist Initial Information Safety Equipment Impound Appendix 8 – I Injury/Death Investigation Checklist Initial Information Specialized Equipment Impound Appendix 8 – J Injury/Death Investigation Checklist Initial Information Vehicle Information

287

Appendix 8 – A: LODD or Serious Injury Initial Action Flow Chart

(n) LODD or Serious Injury Incident Initial Action Flow Chart

***Below is an example of an organizational chart. The chart will need to be modified to reflect Agency protocols.

Shift Commander

Police Dept. Chaplain

PIO Emergency Service Agency Director

Operations Chief* Notification Officer

Auditing Officer Hospital Liaison

Department Personnel Family Liaison Notified**

Union

Investigation Team

288

Appendix 8 – B: LODD Emergency Service Department / Rescue Squad Information Checklist

Required Fire Department or Rescue Squad Information

Needed Document Assigned to (Dept. or Agency Date Pending Completed Obtaining Information) Expected (4) Incident Reports with Original Signature

(4) Training Reports with Original Signature

(4) Causality Reports with Original Signature (4) Copies of Highway Patrol / Police Departments (4) EMS / 1st Responder Reports (4) Copies of Chief’s Statement of Detailed Events (4) Copies of Witness Statements (4) Copies of Related Press Releases / News Articles

(4) Copies of Interviews with Involved Personnel Required Family Information

Needed Document Assigned to (Family Member Date Pending Completed Obtaining Information) Expected (4) Certified Copies of Birth Certificates (4) Copies of Marriage License (4)Copies of Social Security Cards (Spouse & Dependents) (4) Copies of Adoption Papers (if deceased was adopted)

289

Appendix 8 – C: LODD Emergency Service Department/Rescue Squad Contact Checklist

Worker’s Key Risk Compensation 1-888-240-9797 NCLM Carrier 1-800-228-0986

Mailing Addresses for Information once all Folders are Completed Agency Name Agency Address

NC State Fireman’s Association Attn. Tim Bradley (if a member) 323 West Jones Street, Suite 401 Raleigh, NC 27603

NC Association of Rescue and Attn. Gordon Joyner PO Box 1914 EMS Inc. Goldsboro, NC 27533-1914 (if a member)

Public Safety Officers Death Payments and Benefits Bureau of Justice Assistance Benefits 810 7th Street NW Washington DC 20531

Industrial Commission Attn: Brad Donovan 4338 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC, 27699-4338

NC Fireman’s and Rescue Squad State Treasurer’s Office Attn: Rhonda Steven’s

Pension Fund Office 325 North Salisbury Street (Only if a member & Death Certificate only) Raleigh, NC 27603-1385

NC Society of Fire Rescue Instructor’s (if a member)

Once all documents are received the Agency Chief or his designee will mail them to the

290

Send completed form to: NC Office of State Fire Marshal Mike Edwards [email protected] 1202 Mail Service Center Derrick Clouston [email protected] Raleigh, NC 27699-1202 Phone 1-800-634-7854

Fax 919-662-4670

Line of Duty Death – Initial Notification Please complete as much as you can. This form can be emailed (preferred), mailed or faxed to NC Office of State Fire Marshal. Deceased Information Name: Home Phone: Home Address: Gender: Race: Date of Birth:

Incident Information Date of Death: Approx. Time: Location: Brief Description of Incident:

Department Information Fire Dept/Rescue Squad: Chief/Captain: FD/RS Address:

Contact Person: Contact Phone: Time of Service by Deceased: Rank of Deceased:

Family Information Present Spouse’s Name: Spouse Birth Date: Children’s Names (regardless of age):

Children’s Date(s) of Birth: Prior Marriage or Children:

Parents’ Names (if applicable): Parents’ Date(s) of Birth:

Funeral Information Funeral Arrangements:

Condolences Contact:

Appendix 8 – D: Sample of OSFM LODD – Initial Notification Form

291

Appendix 8 – E: PSOB Checklist filing process for LODD and the fallen Officer’s survivors PSOB CHECKLIST FILING PROCESS FOR FALLEN FIREFIGHTER

Needed Document Assigned to (Dept. or Agency Date Pending Completed Obtaining Information) Expected PSOB Report of Public Safety Officer’s Death form completed and signed by the head of the public safety agency. Detailed Statement of Circumstances from the initiation of the incident to the pronouncement of the officer’s death. Investigation, Incident, and/or Accident Reports.

Death Certificate Autopsy Report, or a statement signed by the head of the public safety agency or the medical examiner explaining that no autopsy was performed. Toxicology Report, or a statement signed by the head of the public safety agency or the medical examiner explaining that no autopsy was performed. Documentation for heart attacks and stroke to include: Detailed statement listing all of the officer’s on- duty actions during the 24-hour period prior to the onset of the heart attack or stroke. Medical records related to the officer’s health, including hospital admission/discharge reports, physician reports, physical examination results, and health risk and wellness evaluations covering the past three years.

292

PSOB CHECKLIST FILING PROCESS FOR REQUIRED FAMILY INFORMATION

Needed Document Assigned to (Dept. or Agency Date Pending Completed Obtaining Information) Expected PSOB Claim for Death Benefits form completed and signed by the survivor/claimant

Member’s current Marriage Certificate, if applicable.

Divorce Decrees for all the officer’s and current spouse’s previous marriages, including references to physical custody of children, if applicable.

Birth Certificates for all the officer’s surviving children and stepchildren, regardless of age or dependency, identifying the children’s parents, if applicable.

For each child who was between the ages of 19 and 22 and a full-time student at the time of the officer’s death, a copy of the child’s transcript and a statement from the school confirming the child’s status as a fulltime student when the officer passed away.

For each child who was between the ages of 19 and 22 and not a fulltime student at the time of the officer’s death, a statement from the child that he/she was capable of self-support.

293

Needed Document Assigned to (Dept. or Agency Date Pending Completed Obtaining Information) Expected For each step-child who, at the time of the officer’s death, was either under the age of 19 or between the ages of 19 and 22 and a full- time student.

A statement from the child’s parent stating that, at the time of the officer’s death, the child’s principal place of residence was the home of the officer OR a statement that the child did not live at the officer’s home but was dependent on the income of the officer for more than one-third of the child’s support OR affidavits from two non- family members explaining how the officer accepted the child as his/her own. If one of these conditions applies to a step-child who was between the ages of 19 and 22 at the time of the officer’s death, a copy of the child’s transcript and a statement from the school confirming the child’s status as a full- time student when the officer passed away.

For each step-child who was between the ages of 19 and 22 and not a full- time student at the time of the officer’s death, a statement from the child that he/she was capable of self-support.

294

Appendix 8 – F: Line of Duty Death Action Checklist

Line of Duty Dead Action Checklist –First 24 Hours

NOTIFICATION ______Assign a 2 person team to notify the emergency service worker’s family, in person, before releasing any information. ______Notify all on and off duty personnel, including chaplain. ______Notify all elected officials and other key people in the community of the death.

______Notify all other fire chiefs in the jurisdiction.

______Notify the Public Safety Officer’s Benefits Program Office, State OSFM, NCFFFF and NCSFA

FAMILY SUPPORT

______Designate a family support liaison (team) and offer to stay with the family around the clock.

______Designate a hospital liaison, if appropriate. ______Meet with the family to explain all the support the department can provide. ______Collect the deceased emergency service worker’s department belongs to give to the family late/ Inventory and document in the presence of a witness.

DEPARTMENT SUPPORT ______Contact the different State and Federal agencies for departmental support as needed ______Arrange a critical incident debriefing for the department.

DEALING WITH THE INCIDENT ______Determine the type of emergency service workers fatality investigation to conduct in addition to the NIOSH investigation. (i.e., internal, external board of inquiry; arson, accident or homicide relate.) ______Contact the departmental or jurisdictional attorney regarding possible legal issues.

DEALING WITH THE COMMUNITY AND MEDIA ______Prepare a summary of facts about the emergency service worker and the incident to use for public release of information. ______Prepare a written statement for the emergency service department director or spokesperson to release to the media. ______Hold a briefing with the media.

295

Line of Duty Dead Action Checklist – Day Two through the Funeral

FUNERAL / MEMORIAL SERVICE

______Assist the family in planning the funeral as they choose.

______Continue to inform department members of the details regarding the incident and the funeral/ memorial service plans.

______Coordinate plans for the department participation in the funeral.

FAMILY SUPPORT

______Request that local law enforcement officials make routine checks of the family’s residence during the funeral and for several weeks afterwards

______Assist the family with tasks related to home maintenance, transportation of out of town family and friends, childcare, etc.

DEPARTMENT SUPPORT

______Contact State and Federal Agencies as needed for assistance.

______Arrange a critical incident debriefing for the department.

DEALING WITH THE INCIDENT

______Monitor department members closest to the incident and the fallen emergency service worker to see how they are dealing with the stress and loss.

296

Line of Duty Dead Action Checklist –First 24 Hours After the Funeral

FAMILY SUPPORT

______Continue to invite the family to department events and activities. ______Provide assistance with routine tasks (home maintenance, running errands, etc.) ______Assign someone to assist the family in accessing all benefits for which they are eligible. ______Offer too “be there” at special times/events (children activities, holidays, etc.)

DEPARTMENT SUPPORT

______Assist department members in accessing additional support, as needed..

MEMORIALS AND TRIBUTES

______Inform and include families in local, state, and national tributes to the emergency service worker. ______Make the family aware of the National Fallen Memorials and their support programs for the emergency service worker survivors. ______Plan to attend the NC and Federal Memorial Weekends that recognize and remember the Fallen Emergency Service Worker and to send family escort and your honor guard unit.

DEPARTMENT ISSUES / PLANNING

______Update Emergency Contact Information for all department members. ______Create or revise or update the department’s Line of Duty Death Plan as needed.

297

Appendix 8 – G: Injury/Death Investigation Checklist–Initial Information

Injury/Death Investigation Checklist – Initial Information

Incident # ______(Military Time)

Officer-in Charge per established Incident Command System Time: ______By whom: ______

Secured the scene/area. Time: ______By whom: ______

Removed all non-essential personnel.

Secure the scene with marking tape or rope. Time: ______

1 entry and exit at the same point 1 Firefighter to stay at entry/exit point to monitor activity Name:______

Log names of person(s) entering/exiting ______

Perform only overhaul that is absolutely necessary. Time: ______

Notify local Law Enforcement for assistance with scene security. Time: ______Officer(s) Name: ______

Contact Fire Investigation Officer/Team. Time: ______

Contact NC State Fire Marshal’s Office. 1-800-634-7854 Time: ______

(Contact SBI Dispatch 24 hours per day) 1-919-662-4500 Name: ______Time: ______

298

Appendix 8 – H: Injury/Death Investigation Checklist–Safety Equipment

Safety Equipment Impound Check Sheet

If a single or multiple, seriously injured or deceased emergency service worker(s) are transported to medical facilities for treatment, and you cannot secure the worker(s) personal protective equipment (PPE), you need to call the hospital, local emergency service department, or State Fire Marshal to assist with impounding and securing all PPE.

SCBA - to include Mask, Straps, Regulator, Harness, Bottle, and Pack.

Location Secured: ______

Timed Secured: ______

Date secured: ______

By Whom: ______

Turnout/Bunker Coat/Hood/Boots - to include liner(s) and tools attached

Location Secured: ______

Time Secured: ______

Date Secured: ______

By Whom: ______

299

Appendix 8 – I: Injury/Death Investigation Checklist–Specialized Equipment

Safety Equipment Impound Check Sheet

Specialized Equipment – to include hand, electrical, and power tools

Location Secured: ______

Time Secured: ______

Date Secured: ______

By Whom: ______

Please fill out the Chain-of-Custody portion of this checklist.

Fire Official/LC Fire Marshal

Name: ______

Department: ______

Date/Time: ______

Law Enforcement Officer

Name: ______

Department: ______

Date/Time: ______

NC State Fire Marshal

Name: ______

Date/Time: ______

300

Appendix 8 – J: Injury/Death Investigation Checklist–Vehicle Information

Vehicle Impound Check Sheet

If a single or multiple, seriously injured or deceased firefighter(s) are involved in a vehicle accident resulting in serious injury or death the following information is needed. Impound the vehicle and ALL Equipment that was used or on that vehicle. Safety Equipment Impound Check Sheet

Vehicle and Equipment on or used by that vehicle

Location Secured: ______

Time Secured: ______

Date Secured: ______

By Whom: ______

Please fill out the Chain-of-Custody portion of this checklist.

Fire Official/LC Fire Marshal

Name: ______

Department: ______

Date/Time: ______

Law Enforcement Officer

Name: ______

Department: ______

Date/Time: ______

NC State Fire Marshal

Name: ______

Date/Time: ______

301

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

302

Chapter 9

Chapter 9: Emergency Service Suicide

Remember, regardless of the cause of death, the deceased was a “fellow officer” and his survivors will always be part of the “fire service family.”

In the event that a ______Department member dies by suicide, the following protocol will enhance the image of the Department as a “caring” and “compassionate” department that attempts to meet the needs of their police families. We need to remember that funerals are for the living – the family needs your support in this most difficult time in their lives. The family is “hurting.” Don’t add to their pain by passing judgment – just be there.

Prior to Funeral

1. Meet with the family to see what expectations they have of the Department in relationship to the funeral (i.e. Will the member be buried in uniform? Will uniformed members assist with the funeral, etc.?) It is important that the Department makes the initial contact, instead of waiting to see if the family contacts the Department.

2. Have uniformed members present during the viewing hours at the funeral home to assist the family if needed.

303

Funeral

1. If a family minister is conducting the service, ask if a Chaplain or a Department Representative could speak on behalf of the Department. If there is no family minister, offer the services of the Chaplain.

2. If possible, allow uniformed members to attend the funeral service – especially those who worked with the deceased member. This is important not only for the family, but for his fellow members as well.

3. A “final salute” in front of the casket is appropriate. (A final salute constitutes a momentary pause at the casket as the members file past). This can be accomplished in a single file order. After offering their final salute, they should proceed outside to gather in ranks in preparation for the casket to be placed in the hearse.

4. Have Honor Guard located outside Chapel/Church/Synagogue when the casket is brought out. An order of “Present Arms” (salute) would be appropriate.

5. Have Departmental vehicles cover the front and rear of the funeral procession. Lights are appropriate during the procession.

Grave Site

1. Have uniformed members and Honor Guard line the immediate pathway to the grave site. Call officers to attention when the casket and family pass by.

2. Play Taps at the conclusion of the service. Dismiss officers after conclusion of Taps.

3. If Bag Pipes are used they can replace the playing of taps or you can have the bag pipes played as after the taps and have the piper to walk away as they are playing. After the bag piper is finished you can dismiss the officers.

Family Reception

1. If possible, attend this reception and request the Chaplain to attend.

304

Copy of PowerPoint Slides Program – Suicide: Prevention, Intervention, & Postvention

305

306

307

308

309

310

311

312

313

314

315

316

317

318

319

320

321

322

323

324

325

326

327

328

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

329

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

330

Chapter 10

Chapter 10: Military Standards

Position of Attention Assume the position of “Attention” on the command of “Attention.” To assume this position, bring the heels together smartly so that the heels are on the same line with the toes pointing out equally, forming an angle of 45 degrees. Keep the legs straight without locking the knees. Hold the body erect with the hips level, chest lifted and arched, and the shoulders square and even. Let the arms hang straight, without stiffness, along the sides with the back of the hands outward. Curl the fingers so that the tips of the thumb are alongside and touching the first joint of the forefingers. Keep the thumbs straight and along the seams of the trousers with all fingertips touching the trouser leg. Keep the head erect and hold it squarely to the front with the chin drawn slightly in so that the axis of the head and neck is vertical. Look straight to the front. Rest the weight of the body equally on the heels and balls of the feet. Remain silent except when replying to a question or when directed otherwise.

Position of Parade Rest Parade rest is commanded from the position of “Attention” only.

The command for this movement is “Parade, Rest.” On the command of execution “Rest,” move the left foot ten inches to the left of the right foot. Keep the legs straight, resting the weight of the body equally on the heels and balls of both feet. Simultaneously place the hands at the small of the back, centered on the belt line. Keep the fingers of both hands extended and joined, interlocking the thumbs so that the palm of the right hand is outward. Hold the head and eyes as at the position of “Attention.” Remain silent and do not move. “Stand at, Ease”, “At Ease”, or “Rest” may be commanded from this position.

331

STAND AT EASE - The command for this movement is “Stand At, Ease.” On the command of execution “Ease,” execute “Parade, Rest” but turn the head and eyes directly toward the officer in charge. “At Ease” or “Rest” may be commanded from this position.

AT EASE - The command for this movement is “At Ease.” On the command “At Ease,” movement is allowed but personnel must remain standing and silent with the right foot in place. “Rest” may be commanded from this position. REST The command for this movement is “Rest.” On the command “Rest,” NO talking, smoking, or drinking are allowed unless otherwise specified. Personnel must remain standing with the right foot in place. “At Ease” may be commanded from this position.

Hand Salute The hand salute is a one-count movement. The command is “Present, Arms.” On the command of execution (“Arms”), raise the right hand to the head dress. With the tip of the forefinger touch the rim of the visor slightly to the right of the right eye. The fingers and thumb are extended and joined, palm down. The outer edge of the hand is barely canted downward so that neither the palm nor the back of the hand is visible from the front. The upper arm is horizontal with the elbow inclined slightly forward and the hand and wrist straight. Order arms from this salute in a one-count movement. The command is “Order, Arms.” On the command of execution “Arms,” return the hand smartly to the side, resuming the position of attention. When uncovered or when wearing a head dress without a visor, the hand salute is executed in the same manner as previously described, except the tip of the forefinger touches the forehead near the eyebrow and slightly to the right of the right eye.

332

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

333

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

334

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

335

Chapter 11

Chapter 11: Handling Dignitaries at

Emergency Service Department Funerals

When an emergency service worker dies in the line of duty, many elected officials and service leaders show their respect by attending the funeral or memorial service. While the family of the fallen hero should always command the most attention, departments should also be prepared to handle dignitaries who plan to attend. Most departments understand that their local elected officials will attend the ceremony honoring a local emergency service worker. Senior elected officials may even have a role in the department funeral. Since the World Trade Center disaster, more state, national, and international officials have attended emergency service funerals, especially those that involved multiple fatalities or received special attention.

Departments should be prepared to handle attendance by the following dignitaries:

Federal Officials

President or Vice President Cabinet Members, including Secretary of Homeland Security Members of Congress FEMA Director United States Fire Administrator Other Federal agency officials, including U.S. Forest Service and Department of Interior officials, may attend a wild land firefighter’s ceremony

State and Local Government Officials

Governor or Lieutenant Governor State Legislators State Fire Marshal or Agency Officer with Fire Program Oversight Local Elected Officials, including city and county

336

National and State Fire/EMS/Law Enforcement Service Officials

IAFC President, Officers, or Division/District Representatives IAFF General President, Officers, or Division/District Representatives National Volunteer Fire Council President or Officers State Fire Chief Organization Officers State IAFF Officers State Volunteer Fire Council Officers National Fallen Firefighters Foundation Representative

A department should include a section or branch to handle dignitaries in its official line-of-duty death funeral plan. Many departments establish an Incident Management System to run the funeral or memorial service.

Here are some actions to consider:

Immediately assign a dignitary coordinator, and publicize this person’s contact information. If necessary, assign others to assist.

Prepare a fact sheet with pertinent information on the department, the fallen emergency service worker, and the ceremony.

As soon as possible, make contact with the dignitaries’ coordinators. Senior level government officials may have both a security detail and a staff point of contact.

Be prepared to handle different requests for the same senior official’s appearance.

Establish a plan for meeting and transporting dignitaries to the service.

Set up a seating plan, and designate a holding area for dignitaries.

Determine in advance if any of the dignitaries will be introduced or acknowledged during the service. If so, by whom?

Determine if dignitaries will speak during the service. This decision must be made in consultation with the family. Decide on the length of the remarks and in which part of the service.

Decide the order in which dignitaries will ride in the procession and stand at the graveside service. Remember that the family members should always be in the first cars before any dignitaries.

337

Determine if dignitaries will have direct contact with the survivors. This is best done in a private setting with no media coverage. Make sure the family wants this to happen.

Provide information to dignitaries before their arrival. If possible, provide dignitaries with a background sheet and a summary of events, even if they are not speaking at the service.

Be aware that agendas, schedules and even the people coming may change several times up to the actual event. Stay flexible!

Background Information Sheet The Dignitary Coordinator should complete a sheet for each dignitary who will attend the service.

Appendix 11 - A Background Sheet and Dignitary Information Form

338

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

APPENDICES Appendix 11 - A Background Sheet and Dignitary Information Form

339

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

340

Appendix 11 – A: Background Sheet and Dignitary Information Form

BACKGROUND SHEET

Funeral/Memorial Service Information

Date:______Time:______Location:______Type of service: (funeral or memorial service):______Estimated length of service:______Dignitary Coordinator:______Coordinator’s contact information: (phone/cell phone/pager/email) ______

Emergency Service Worker/Department Information

Name of Fallen Emergency Service Worker:______Age:______Name of Department:______Status: (career/volunteer/contract)______Length of service:______Date of Death:______Brief Description of the Incident:______Name, relationship and age of each immediate survivor:______Name of Chief:______Contact information:______Special circumstances, if any:______

341

Note: the Dignitary Coordinator should complete a sheet for each dignitary who will attend the service.

Dignitary Information Form

Name:______Title:______Name of dignitary’s chief of staff or designated point of contact:______Contact information:______Names and titles of people who will accompany dignitary:______Estimated Time of Arrival in area:______• mode of transportation?______Estimated Time of Departure:______• mode of transportation?______

Will dignitary require local transportation to/from ceremony?______

Are there security considerations? If so, contact information for security detail coordinator:______

Special requests:______

Connections to fire service or member of the fire service:______

342

Chapter 12

Chapter 12 Post Funeral Responsibilities

Benefits Coordinator Responsibilities

Benefits Coordinator

The Benefits Coordinator will gather information on all benefits/funeral payments available to the family. For assistance refer to: “Benefits Available to Surviving Families of ______Emergency Service Worker Killed in the Line of Duty,” compiled by ______. A copy of this book will be housed with the Emergency Service Agency Director and the Chaplain or (Crisis Response Team Member).

The Benefits Coordinator responsibilities:

1. Filing Worker’s Compensations claims and related paperwork.

2. Contacting the appropriate offices without delay to ensure that the beneficiary receives death and retirements benefits, the officer’s remaining paychecks and payment for remaining annual and compensatory time.

3. Gathering information on all benefit/funeral payments that a available to the family.

4. Assist in setting up any special trust funds or educational fund if the family requests.

5. Notifying police organizations such as the Local, State and Federal Agencies, etc. of the death and to ensure that any and all entitlements are paid to the beneficiary(s). These agencies may also offer legal and financial counseling to the family at no cost.

343

6. Preparing a print-out of the various benefits/funeral payments that are due to the family, listing named beneficiaries, contacts at various benefits offices and when they can expect to receive payment. 7. Meeting with the surviving family a few days after a funeral to discuss the benefits they will receive. A copy of the prepared print-out and any other related paperwork should be given to the family at this time.

a. If there are surviving children from a former marriage, the guardian of those children should also receive a print-out of what benefits the child(ren) may be receiving.

b. Attention should be given to the revocation of health benefits. The majority of health benefit providers allow a 30 day grace period before canceling or imposing monthly payments upon survivors.

8. Meeting again with the family in about six months to make sure they are receiving benefits. . Continued Support for the Family

Members of the Department must remain sensitive to the needs of the survivors long after the member’s death. The grief process has no timetable and survivors may develop a complicated grief process. More than half of the surviving spouses can be expected to develop a post- traumatic stress reaction to the tragedy.

Survivors should continue to feel a part of the “fire family.” They should be invited to Department activities to ensure continued contact.

Members of the Department are encouraged to keep in touch with the family. Close friends, coworkers and officials should arrange with the family to visit the home from time to time so long as the family expresses a desire to have these contacts continue.

The Emergency Service Agency Director should observe the member’s death date with a short note to the family and/or flowers on the grave.

Holidays may be especially difficult for the family, particularly if small children are involved. Increased contact with the survivors and additional support is important at these times.

The Family Liaison acts as a long-term liaison with the surviving family who ensure close contact is maintained between the Department and the survivors and that their needs are met for as long as they feel the need for support.

344

If no court proceedings/investigations surround the circumstances of the officer’s death, the Family Liaison will relay all details of the incident to the family at the earliest opportunity.

345

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

346

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

347

Chapter 13 Chapter 13: Scheduling of Funeral or Memorial Service

Scheduling of Funeral or Memorial Service

The scheduled date for the service must accommodate the needs of the family, facility, clergy, funeral home, cemetery, medical examiner, and the Department.

Coordinators and leaders should also be aware of any major events planned at the facility or in the community which may cause logistical conflicts.

Scheduling the service start time is also critical. Various factors must be considered including: commute traffic, lunch hour traffic, cemetery procession, reception, overall length of service, and other events planned within the community. It is essential to avoid having the funeral procession interfere with either the morning or evening commute in metropolitan areas.

Representatives from various departments have been known to travel long distances to attend a memorial service. Many of them also bring an apparatus from their department.

When scheduling the time of service, consider family members who must travel long distances to attend.

Provide long distance travelers with maps and directions.

Also, be aware that a service scheduled for 10:00 a.m., normally begins for the coordinators, traffic officers, and various other assistance personnel at 7:00 a.m. The day can start even earlier for long distance visitors.

This is a very long and demanding day for those that are planning the service, as well as those that are participating. Every effort should be made to expedite each task. However, do not cause such a rush that important details and plans are overlooked.

348

The location is one of the most critical elements in funeral planning. In the past, attendance at a line of duty death funeral has reached as many as 5,000 people. Locating and securing a facility with a large seating capacity can be very challenging. In smaller or midsize communities, or when the death(s) is attributed to extremely traumatic events, it may be necessary to explore unusual alternatives for the service such as: civic centers, gymnasiums, or athletic stadiums.

The use of alternative facilities will also create additional planning challenges such as: lack of a sound system, poor lighting and visibility, etc.

When larger facilities cannot be secured, consider obtaining some form of overflow seating. If the facility does not have overflow rooms available, it may be advisable to provide audio coverage of the service for attendees who cannot be seated. If overflow crowds will be required to stand for long periods of time, consideration should be given to providing shelter, water, and portable restroom facilities.

Consideration should be given to uniformed officers who are not seated and must stand in ranks until the conclusion of the service.

Planners should be cognizant of adverse weather conditions.

Consideration should also be given to attendees who are not able to be seated.

Be prepared to improvise in order to accommodate as many people as possible.

Memorial Service

If the Family wishes the Emergency Service Department to have a Memorial Service, coordination with the Funeral Home is extremely important. An additional guest book is essential to have away from the entrance (aids in keeping doorway clear). As stated previously, if the Station is within walking distance to the Funeral Home, have all department members and visiting emergency service workers assemble at the Station and march to the Funeral Home. You should depart so you arrive no less than ten minutes before the Memorial Service is scheduled to start. The home department should be in the room with the immediate family (if space permits), then the visiting department’s as determined by the home department (depending on mutual aid, sister Companies etc.). The only reason to delay the start of the Service would be due to family wishes. The home department staff member will assist in placement of all the fire fighters. A minimum of six feet space must be left between the casket and the front row of fire fighters. The home department should be led by the Emergency Service Agency Director, President and remaining officers. At this time you would place the Honor Guard at the casket. The Chaplain/Minister would then begin the Service (samples of Services are in back of book). Upon completion, the Emergency Service Agency Director and President should then place a carnation in a pair of bunker boots placed on a small stand at the foot of the casket, then proceed to the next of kin and present a bible to them.

349

The Emergency Service Agency Director and President should remain with the family for the rest of the Service.

The remainder of the home department should then pass in review placing a carnation in the boots and offer their condolences to the family (being brief). After the home department passes in review, it is at this time you normally replace the Honor Guard. The remaining visiting emergency service workers then pass in review.

Decide on Location or Setting

The location, or setting, of the memorial service is key to establishing the mood and atmosphere. Typically, services may be held in a church building, but they do not have to be. If the deceased wasn't a religious person, consider alternative settings such as a park, riverside, lodge, or marina. If the person had a very specific interest, consider a golf course, baseball field, art gallery, and beach or ski hill. Always think about how the person spent his or her time, and how he or she would want to be remembered. Keep in mind whether or not you’ll be serving food, and how many people you think will be attending. Adapt the location so that it fits your needs.

Pick a Time and date

The time and date of the memorial service can influence how many people attend, as well as dictate the theme of the service. Memorial services can be schedules weeks, and even months after the death. Some choose to delay until the person's birthday or anniversary. Either way, schedules the service so that guests have plenty of time to make travel arrangements. Consider whether you want to have the service in the early morning, mid-afternoon, or late evening.

Select a Theme or Purpose

The purpose, or theme, of the service allows people to truly focus on the person who has passed away and remember specific details about the person. Listed below are some possible themes to use in memorial services. These themes can easily help determine what types of readings to use, what songs to sing, what foods to serve, and what items to bring to the service. Overall, once you choose a theme, planning the memorial service gets easier.

350

How to Select a Theme

• Did he or she have a specific hobby? Consider displaying sports equipment, trophies and awards, cooking utensils, written items, art and craftwork, or stamp collections anything that recognizes the person's interests. Considering selecting a funeral program template that represents his interest.

• Maybe the person took great pride in his or her career. If so, honour the profession by displaying items he or she used. Career-centered themes are especially appropriate for service-driven professionals such as firefighters, police officers, military figures, and teachers.

• Consider the person's culture and ancestry. Most cultures have their own traditions and ways of celebrating life. Investigate some of the unique rituals within the personal’s culture and honour his or her history.

• Some people are remembered simply because of their relationship to you. You may choose to honour the person's role, such as mother, father, grandmother, grandfather, etc. and recognize the value of the relationship. There are many memorial or funeral poems for mom or dad, as well as funeral scripture verses and songs that can help you communicate your relationship with the person.

351

Personalize the Memorial Service

There are a wide variety of ways that you can personalize a memorial service. Memorial poems, favourite songs and quotes are just a few ways that the service can be personalized. There are website that have a variety of memorial poems, memorial bible scriptures, prayers, and quotes to help with the selection process. Displaying photos and other items that reflect the deceased's hobbies and interest are also a good way to personalize your service. Printed memorial programs can be distributed at the service, as well as prayer cards, memorial bookmarks and other souvenirs.

352

Sample of a Memorial Service

Memory is the priceless heritage of the ages. It echoes voices of happy days, sad emotions, fond recollections, beautiful traditions, cherished friendships and joyful camaraderie. Today we stand in memory of the departed brothers and sisters who have responded to their “last alarm.” Throughout most of history, the lives of firefighters have been closely associated with the ringing of a bell. As they began their hours of duty, it was the bell that started if off. Through the day and night, each alarm was sounded by a bell; the bell called them to fight fire and place their lives in harms-way for the good of their fellow man. And when the fire was out, and the alarm had come to an end, the bell rang three times to signal the end. And now our brothers and sisters have completed their tasks, their duties well done. Those responded to their last alarms between October 21, 2010 and October 18, 2011, each name will be read, one-by- one, and the bell will ring once; and at the completion of all names read, the bell will ring three times in memory of, and tribute to, their lives and sacrificial service. With deepest reverence, let us bow our hearts in silent prayer in repose as the names are called of our departed comrades, and the bell tolls.

A Memorial Resolution

The Board of Directors of the Federation of Fire Chaplains has offered a Resolution to the memory of and honor to all of those who have responded to their “last alarm”:

Whereas, members of fire departments and citizens throughout the United States and Canada, we call on you today to remember those who have paid the supreme sacrifice of giving their lives to save their fellowman, and

Whereas, we pray for and express our most sincere sympathy to their families - widows, children, parents, siblings, their friends, their fellow firefighters, and

Whereas, we are continually mindful that the greatest love anyone can show is to give their life that another might live, and

Whereas, it may be understood that the incident which caused the death of our beloved fellow firefighters happened when they were serving their communities as they responded to their last alarm,

Be It Therefore Resolved, that the firefighters to be remembered here today are the record of their service and achievements made public in this place. Be it finally Resolved, a copy of this resolution is placed in the minutes of the Federation of Fire Chaplains and a copy made available on the website to the families of those names of the deceased being read during this Memorial Service.

353

Signed by the President, Secretary and Executive Director Memorial Prayer

Almighty God, Supreme Chief of the Universe, we humbly bow before Thy Sovereign will, as in Thy providence Thy has seen it fit to call our brothers and sisters home, their higher calling completed their earthly careers, and now received to the glorious entrance into eternal bliss and everlasting joy.

And we have called, one by one, the names of our brothers and sisters who faithfully discharged their duty when flames were raging, and when they offered their supreme sacrifice in service to others; and we solemnly sounded the bell in their memory and in their honor.

O, Lord, Our God, we cherish their memories in our hearts as we feel their absence. Nothing can make up for the presence of our brothers and sisters who lived and worked with us who have fallen, and it would be wrong to try to do so. Thinking of those brave men and women who died in the line of duty for their fellow man, our hearts are aching, our spirits are darkened in the blackness of night; we are feeling numb, saddened, and heartbroken.

However, by faith, in the darkness of our night, we know that God’s light scatters our darkness. We know, O God, that He is our shepherd, that there is nothing that we should go wanting; knowing that when we are tired and weary, He leads us in fresh and green pastures; and beside still waters that restores our dark and drooping spirits.

We know, Heavenly Father, that He guides us along the right path, true to His name. And He walks with us through the deep dark valley of death, while being not overcome by it. We know that He supports us with a crook and a staff, and gives us comfort in the midst of our grief – in the families and relatives bereaved of those of our fallen comrades, and us; He consoles us in our sorrow. He supports active firefighters facing daily hazards in their duty of protecting our citizens from the devastating ravages of fire,and keeps them in their earthly tasks and in their own day of their last alarm .

O God, we believe that, You, have prepared a banquet for our fallen comrades in the sight of all who do not understand their doings. O God, in, Your mercy and love, You will anoint us with oil and our cups will be overflowing with mercy and grace. And, by our faith, surely goodness and mercy shall follow us all the days of our lives, dwelling now and forever in His house. And now, O Lord, God of Power and Might, in heaven and in earth, may be full of your glory now and forevermore.

Amen.

354

Memorial Benediction

Holy God, Lord of life and death, you made us in your image and you hold us in your care. We thank you for your servants, brave Fire Chaplains and Firefighters, for the selfless untiring duty and gifts they have given with their very lives.

Holy God, may the fire chaplains and firefighters who have heard your words of welcome, “Come to you, blessed of my Father” and may they have received Your unfailing crown of glory.

May they have angels surrounding them, and the saints welcomed them in peace. And, Now Bless all who have witnessed this memorial in honor of those of our own; And, Be honor and praise and glory to Our God, be now and forever more.

Amen

355

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

356

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

357

Chapter 14

Chapter 14: Viewing/Visitation and Funeral Processional

A Sample of the Guidelines for Viewing / Visitation

Viewing/Visitation

Ascertain if the family has a desire to have a viewing or visitation. In many line of duty deaths, viewing is not done due to severe injury. In the event of a horrific or highly publicized death, the Department may want or even need to provide a 24-hour Honor Guard or security at the funeral home beginning with the initial notification.

1. Honor Guards should always be in pairs of two or more. 2. The viewing or vigil should be discussed with the family and the funeral home prior to arranging for a date, time, and location. 3. Find out if the families will be requesting a viewing (open casket) or visitation (closed casket) be held. 4. A viewing/visitation is normally held one or two days prior to the funeral, at the funeral home, during hours requested by the family.

The date(s) for the viewing/visitation should be established in accordance with family wishes.

1. An Honor Guard should be posted during viewing/vigil hours. 2. Immediate family members should be escorted by the Department to and from the viewing/visitation. 3. The family may wish to have the Honor Guard step down and leave the room to give them some private time with their loved one. Under these circumstances, it would be proper for the Honor Guard to stand just outside of the entrance to the room until the family is finished with their private time.

358

Catholic protocols may include a Rosary service along with the viewing. Coordinate this participation with the officiating priest. Normally, the Honor Guard would post at the head of the casket. If the Honor Guard is not allowed to post near the casket, it would be proper to move the post to the main entrance of the building.

The Rosary service may be held at the funeral home or the church. Should the body need to be transported to a church for the Rosary and then back to the funeral home, an Honor Guard or escort should accompany the body. It is proper protocol for members of the Honor Guard to wear their uniform hat inside the funeral home. This includes holding post alongside the casket. Immediate family members should be escorted to and from the Vigil or Rosary service by agency personnel

Guideline for the Funeral Processional

If the family requests, the following personnel may take part in the ceremonial portion of the Funeral processional:

a. An Emergency Service Agency Director

b. Six or eight pallbearers

c. A Color Guard of four firefighters and one officer

d. A bugler and piper, pipe band, or drummer

Due to the important role of pallbearers and Color Guard, a practice session should occur the day before the funeral. If not possible, these personnel must report to the funeral home several hours before the service for a protocol briefing and practice. The funeral director will instruct the pallbearers on how to handle the casket.

If the procession will include emergency service workers marching from one point to another, the Procession Officer must coordinate with the Funeral Officer, Service Officer, or Final Committal Officer to establish an assembly point, order of alignment, and route for the march. If marching will occur, a drummer should be part of the parade contingent to provide a steady cadence. Cadence should not be called verbally. Determine an appropriate assembly point for department personnel participating in the march. Visiting personnel will assemble at the end point of the march.

359

Basic Alignment for the Elements of a March

The elements of a march are:

1. Color Guard

2. Pipe band/drummer

3. Host emergency service department members

4. Apparatus caisson or hearse

(a) The Officer-in-Charge (OIC) will walk immediately in front of the caisson or hearse.

(b) Three pallbearers will march on either side of the caisson or hearse.

(c) Two pallbearers will ride on the tailboard of the caisson or walk immediately behind the hearse. If there are only six pallbearers, two Honor Guard members will assume this position. Note: Check to see if this practice is allowed in your jurisdiction.

5. Family's cars

6. Friends' cars

Note: If the immediate family of the deceased emergency service worker desires to join in the march, they will fall in immediately behind the

360

If Casket Will Be Driven from Funeral Home to the Church

If the casket will be driven from the funeral home to the church, the following should occur:

1. Determine an assembly point several blocks from the church for department personnel and the pipe band/drummer.

2. Assign an assembly point for visiting department members at the church on the church side of the street.

3. Immediately after loading the casket at the funeral home, transport the Color Guard to the department meeting location.

4. Have the pallbearers board the apparatus, with two of them remaining on the rear step.

Note: Check to see if this practice is allowed in your jurisdiction.

5. With a police escort, have the apparatus proceed slowly to the meeting point with the department contingent.

6. Line up the procession in the same order as listed above.

7. Direct the pallbearers to dismount and march as follows:

(a) The OIC in front of the apparatus

(b) Two or three pallbearers on each side of the apparatus

Note: Check to see if this practice is allowed in your jurisdiction.

361

When the Procession Arrives

When the procession arrives, the following should occur:

1. As the procession nears the location of the service, move the Color Guard to the side and allow the pipe band/drummer and fire department members to pass.

2. Near the entrance to the service area, assemble the pipe band.

3. Line up the national, state and local dignitaries near the entrance, leaving room for the Color Guard.

4. When marching department members arrive at the location of the service, move them to the other side of the street. When they are in place, give the command "Right face.”

5. When personnel line the street on both sides and face the center, begin the Color Guard march toward the service site followed by the apparatus or hearse. Leave a space between the Color Guard and hearse. The service assembly OIC commands "Present arms" (hand salute).

6. As the Color Guard arrives, assemble it near the front of the church.

7. Move the apparatus to the front of the service site and shut off the engine.

8. Have the service assembly OIC command "Order arms."

9. Assemble pallbearers at the rear of the apparatus, with two in the hose bed, and prepare to remove the casket.

10. Have the Honor Guard OIC command "Present arms."

11. Have the pipe band play as the pallbearers carry the casket to the entrance. If the chaplain or cleric performs a blessing at the rear of the apparatus, the pipe band should delay playing until the pallbearers begin to move.

12. Have the pallbearers escort the casket to the front of the service area.

13. Have the assembled fire department personnel file into the area and take positions in the designated seating areas.

362

At the Close of the Service At the close of the service, the following should take place:

a. Emergency Service personnel file out and assemble in specified areas in the following order:

1. Visiting emergency service personnel

2. Department personnel

3. National, state and local dignitaries

4. Color Guard

b. At the funeral director's signal, the pallbearers move to the front of the location of the service and escort the coffin to the rear.

c. The service assembly OIC commands "Detail, attention."

d. When the casket arrives at the rear, the OIC commands "Present arms."

e. If used, the piper/pipe band plays.

f. The pallbearers move slowly to the rear of the hearse or apparatus to load the casket.

g. After loading, the pallbearers face each other and the OIC commands "Detail, present arms." The pallbearers give a hand salute.

h. The OIC commands "Order arms" for all personnel.

i. The Color Guard officer commands "Color Guard, dismissed."

j. The OIC commands "Detail, dismissed" to the pallbearers.

k. The Color Guard, bugler/piper, and OIC enter the waiting emergency service departmental vehicles for transportation to the place of final committal. The pallbearers will ride on the caisson or other apparatus directly behind the caisson.

l. Emergency service personnel and national, state and local dignitaries prepare to leave for the place of final committal.

m. The Procession Officer and assistants direct vehicles taking part in the procession to the place of final committal.

363

Upon Arrival at the Place of Final Committal

Upon arrival at the place of final committal, the following will take place:

a. The department personnel and Color Guard take up positions in formations as determined by the Final Committal Officer.

b. If space permits, the Color Guard assembles near the place of final committal.

c. The bugler is 75 feet away from the grave and will await the command from the OIC.

d. When the caisson or hearse is in position, the pallbearers take up positions at the rear and remove the casket.

e. The pallbearers carry the casket and place it on the grave stand. The family and other guests follow.

f. As the pallbearers begin to move the casket, the OIC commands "Detail, attention" and all fire department personnel come to attention. When the pallbearers place the casket on the grave stand, the OIC commands "Parade rest."

g. If the family wants the casket draped, two pallbearers will drape it with an American flag. If the casket is not draped, an already folded flag will be placed on the casket for presentation.

h. The chaplain and/or cleric will conduct the committal service and lead in the final prayer. Note: If not part of the funeral or religious service, the "Last Alarm" ceremony may occur at this point. The OIC orders "Present arms" prior to the ringing of the bell. The hand salute should occur during the playing of Taps.

i. The OIC next commands "Detail, attention" and "Present arms." A hand salute follows; the Color Guard presents arms and dips the departmental flag. The hand salute occurs during the playing of Taps.

j. The bugler plays Taps.

k. The OIC commands "Order arms."

364

l. At the conclusion of Taps, the Honor Guard removes the American flag from the casket and folds it. The Honor Guard Officer presents the folded flag to the fire chief who, in turn, presents it to the family. m. The funeral director gives words of thanks on behalf of the family and indicates the conclusion of the services. n. The OIC commands "Detail, dismissed."

365

A Sample of the Guidelines for Line of Duty Death

Guidelines for the Processional To, and Assembly at the Graveside Line of Duty Death:

Note: There are two options for the procession to the graveside; marching and vehicular procession. Marching processional: It is the responsibility of the Honor Guard Commander to ensure that the order for the marching processional is as follows, and that the bugler is standing by at the cemetery.

1. Piper (s) and Drummer(s); 2. Color Guard; 3. Clergy/ Department Chaplain; 4. Apparatus / funeral coach, with pallbearers; 5. Immediate family; 6. Emergency Service Agency Director, Department officers in descending order of rank, and 7. Dignitaries, from local to most broad; 8. Home department uniformed personnel; 9. Visiting Department personnel; 10. Home Department apparatus; 11. Visiting Department apparatus, from the longest to the least traveled; and 12. All miscellaneous vehicles.

Vehicular procession only: It is the responsibility of the Honor Guard Commander to ensure that the order for the vehicular processional is appropriate as follows, and the piper(s), drummer(s), Bugler, Honor Guard and Pallbearers are standing by at the cemetery.

1. Lead car provided by the funeral home, containing appropriate Clergy; 2. Apparatus / funeral coach – Pallbearers are at the ceremonial site, at ease, waiting for the arrival of the Apparatus at a prearranged area. As the coach comes into view, a salute is rendered prior to movement; 3. Car with immediate family; 4. Emergency Service Agency Director car followed by Officer Cars and dignitaries; 5. Additional home apparatus; 6. Visiting apparatus; 7. All other home department personnel, if in personal vehicles; and 8. All miscellaneous vehicles.

366

Assembly at Graveside:

1. Two crossed Aerial ladders, with a draped flag, shall be at the entrance to the cemetery so that the entire processional will pass beneath them. 2. The Pipers and Drummers will be assembled approximately 100 feet from the gravesite, and the bugler will stage approximately 20 feet past the gravesite. 3. Walk of Honor: The members of the home agency will line up, in an organized fashion – approximately 12 feet apart, on both sides of the path from the apparatus to the gravesite. All additional uniformed firefighters will fall into ranks behind the home department. 4. Once the emergency service workers are assembled, the Honor Guard will line up at the beginning of the walk followed by Clergy. 5. At this point the Pallbearers will remove the casket from the vehicle. The commander of the Honor Guard will call “All uniformed personnel Attention - Present Arms”. The Pallbearers will move the casket and flag following the Honor Guard and Chaplain to the gravesite. 6. The Casket will be followed by the immediate family, Fire Chief, and Officers in descending rank. 7. As the casket exits the hearse, the pipers and drummers will begin to play “Amazing Grace” to be completed as the casket reaches the gravesite. 8. Once the Casket reaches the gravesite, the Command will be given to “Order Arms” and the next Command will be Given to “Fall In”; instructing the firefighters to take their places behind the family. 9. The Pallbearers will lower the Casket to the lowering mechanism and the flag will be removed from the top of the casket (see Flag folding procedure). The Flag will be held over the casket by the members of the Pallbearers until the completion of the 23rd. Psalm and the Firefighters prayer (if appropriate), depending on the wishes of the family. 10. At the close of the graveside message (if appropriate), the clergy will then commence “let us pray.” At this time all are expected to bow their heads in respect. 11. Once the Clergy has finished prayers, all personnel will re-cover and the Pallbearers will commence the “Flag Folding Sequence”. 12. The Senior member of the Pallbearers Detail will be at the right corner of the casket and will be passing the flag. When final adjustments are completed, he/she will left face and await the Emergency Service Agency Director to move forward to receive the flag. 13. Prior to receiving the flag, the Emergency Service Agency Director will render a salute. The flag will be passed and the Emergency Service Agency Director will stand fast until the Senior Pallbearers renders a salute. 14. The Pallbearers will stand fast until the completion of the presentation of the flag to the family.

367

15. The Emergency Service Agency Director of the Department will make the presentation to the next of kin. Sample statement: “This flag is presented on behalf of a grateful ______, as a small token of our appreciation for their honorable and faithful service, and the great sacrifice of your loved one.” 16. It is then appropriate for the dispatcher to read this message over the radio “The members of the ______wish to thank (name and rank) for his/her # years of services to the citizens of ______, Idaho. Although you are gone you will never be forgotten.” 17. The Honor Guard Commander will ask all uniformed personnel to please rise. 18. At the conclusion of this, the Honor Guard Commander will give the command “Uniformed personnel attention- Present Arms” and the bugler will play Taps. At the completion of Taps the Command to “Order Arms” is given. 19. The Pallbearers will complete their evolution and exit the gravesite. 20. The emergency service workers will remain standing while the family exits the gravesite 21. At this point the Honor Guard Commander will dismiss the uniformed firefighters.

368

A Sample of the Guidelines for Off Duty Death

Guidelines for the Processional To, and Assembly at the Graveside off Duty Death:

Vehicular procession only: It is the responsibility of the Honor Guard Commander to ensure that the order for the vehicular processional is appropriate as follows, and the piper (s), drummer (s), Bugler, Honor Guard and Pallbearers are standing by at the cemetery.

1. Lead car provided by the funeral home, containing appropriate Clergy; 2. Funeral Coach – Pallbearers are at the ceremonial site, at ease, if waiting for the arrival of the apparatus at a pre-arranged area. As the coach comes into view, a salute is rendered prior to movement. 3. Car with immediate family; 4. Emergency Service Agency Director Car, followed by Officer Cars; 5. Additional home apparatus; 6. All other home department personnel, if in personal vehicles; and 7. All miscellaneous vehicles.

Assembly at Graveside:

1. The Pipers and Drummers will be assembled approximately 100 feet from the gravesite, and the bugler will stage approximately 20 feet past the gravesite. 2. Once the ESWs are assembled, the Honor Guard will line up at the beginning of the walk followed by Clergy. 3. At this point the Pallbearers will remove the casket from the vehicle. 4. The commander of the Honor Guard will call “All uniformed personnel Attention - Present Arms”. The Pallbearers will move the casket and flag following the Honor Guard and Chaplain to the gravesite. 5. The Casket will be followed by the immediate family, Fire Chief, and Officers in descending rank. 6. Once the Casket reaches the gravesite, the Command will be given to “Order Arms” and the next Command will be given to “Fall In” instructing the ESWs to take their places behind the family. 7. The Pallbearers will lower the Casket to the lowering mechanism and the flag will be removed from the top of the casket (see Flag folding procedure). The Flag will be held over the casket by the members of the Pallbearers until the completion of the 23rd. Psalm and the Firefighters/EMS/Law Enforcement prayer (if appropriate), depending on the wishes of the family.

369

8. At the close of the graveside message (if appropriate), the clergy will then commence by saying “let us pray”. At this time all are expected to bow their heads in respect. 9. Once the Clergy has finished prayers, all personnel will re-cover and the Pallbearers will commence the “Flag Folding Sequence”. 10. The senior member of the Pallbearers Detail will be at the right corner of the casket and will be passed the flag. When final adjustments are completed, he/she will left face and await the Chief to move forward to receive the flag. 11. Prior to receiving the flag, the Emergency Service Agency Director will render a salute. The flag will be passed and the Emergency Service Agency Director will stand fast until the Senior Pallbearers renders a salute. 12. The Pallbearers will stand fast until the completion of the presentation of the flag to the family. 13. The Emergency Service Agency Director of the Department will make the presentation to the next of kin. Sample statement: “This flag is presented on behalf of a grateful ______, as a small token of our appreciation for the honorable and faithful service, and the great sacrifice of your loved one.” 14. The Pallbearers will complete their evolution and exit the gravesite. 15. The Pallbearers will face and march off. 16. At this point the services are concluded.

370

A Sample of the Guidelines for Retire Death

Guidelines for the Processional To, and Assembly at the Graveside Retire Death:

Retiree Death

Vehicular procession only: It is the responsibility of the Honor Guard Commander to ensure that the order for the vehicular processional is appropriate as follows, and the piper (s), drummer (s), Bugler, Honor Guard and Pallbearers are standing by at the cemetery.

1. Lead car provided by the funeral home, containing appropriate Clergy; 2. Funeral Coach – Pallbearers are at the ceremonial site, at ease, waiting for the arrival of the apparatus at a pre-arranged area. As the Coach comes into view, a salute is rendered prior to movement; 3. Car with immediate family; 4. Emergency Service Agency Director Car; 5. All other home department personnel, if in personal vehicles; and 6. All miscellaneous vehicles

Assembly at Graveside

1. Once the firefighters are assembled, the Honor Guard will line up at the beginning of the walk followed by Clergy. 2. At this point the Pallbearers will remove the casket from the vehicle. 3. The commander of the Honor Guard will call “All uniformed personnel Attention - Present Arms”. The Pallbearers will move the casket and flag following the Honor guard and Chaplain to the gravesite. 4. The Casket will be followed by the immediate family, ESA Director and Officers in descending rank. 5. Once the Casket reaches the gravesite, the Command will be given to “Order Arms” and the next Command will be given to “Fall In”, instructing the firefighters to take their places behind the family. 6. The Pallbearers will lower the Casket to the lowering mechanism and the flag will be removed from the top of the casket (see Flag folding procedure). The Flag will be held over the casket by the members of the Pallbearers until the completion of the 23rd. Psalm and the ESW’s prayer (if appropriate), depending on the wishes of the family. 7. At the close of the graveside message (if appropriate), the clergy will then commence by saying “let us pray”. At this time all are expected to bow their heads in respect. 8. Once the Clergy has finished prayers, all personnel will recover and the Pallbearers will commence the “Flag Folding Sequence”.

371

9. The senior member of the Pallbearers detail will be at the right corner of the casket and will be passed the flag. When final adjustments are completed, he will left face and await the Emergency Service Agency Director to move forward to receive the flag. 10. Prior to receiving the flag, the Emergency Service Agency Director will render a salute. The flag will be passed and the Emergency Service Agency Director will stand fast until the Senior Pallbearers renders a salute. 11. The Body bearers will stand fast until the completion of the presentation of the flag to the family. 12. The Emergency Service Agency Director of the Department will make the presentation to the next of kin. Sample statement: “This flag is presented on behalf of a grateful (City/Department/Fire District), as a small token of our appreciation for the honorable and faithful service, and the great sacrifice of your loved one.” 13. The Pallbearers will complete their evolution and exit the gravesite. 14. The Pallbearers will face and march off. 15. At this point the services are concluded.

372

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

373

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

374

Chapter 15

• Chapter 15 - Ceremonies and Funeral

Services

In this chapter we have listed some examples of ceremonies and funeral services. These are examples, you can use all or any part of one for the service you are planning. Always remember to talk with the family and get a feel for what they want as you plan the service.

Ceremony for Draping

Ceremony for Draping - Shield/Sign on Department Building or Roadway Sign

After motion from floor, the Chief requests ceremony: Chief: Officer of the Day, you will obtain drape in preparation for draping ______. (Officer of the Day obtains drape, proceeds to the ______and salutes Chief.) Chief: (Raps bell three times) Members rise and face ______at attention. Officer of the Day you will now drape our ______in memory of our beloved Comrade . . . who has passed on.

MINISTER: Let us pray … O Lord, we implore you to grant this mercy to your departed servant that he who in his desires served his fellow man may not receive punishment for his misdeeds: So that as charity and love unite him with us on earth, your mercy may unite him with you in heaven. Amen.

375

Sample Funeral Service for Christian Firefighter (Option1)

Prayer: Holy Father, please direct this Memorial service, that it will honor the memory of our brother/sister, bring a degree of comfort to his/her family and friends, and bring honor to Your Holy Name, we pray in Jesus name. Amen.

Greeting Friends, it is our unique relationship with ______and his/her family, that brings us here today to pay tribute to his/her life, to honor his/her memory and to support his/her family in their time of loss. On behalf of the family, I want to thank you for coming; your presence is important to them, and your being here is testimony of your love for ______and his/her family

Eulogy ______responded to his/her “last alarm.” at (time, on date), ______(Here you fill in with personal information about the life and the many relationships of the person eulogized.)

As you remember ______you all have some fond memories.

Memory is the priceless heritage of the ages. It is the echoing voice of happy days, experiences, sad emotions, fond recollections, beautiful traditions, friendships and comradeship of those we love.

Now we want to give you an opportunity to share a memory, an experience, a fond recollection-- --- You may just stand where you are, tell us who you are and share (for the sake of time, I request that you try to limit your comments to a couple of minutes.....

[Sharing of Memories]

Song: (may be added here if desirable or requested by family) Comments from supervisor, mayor, other official

Comments from Emergency Service Agency’s Director

Message and Closing Remarks------Chaplain

As you each shared your memories, I was thinking of one characteristic which I think most adequately describes ______: (Insert a special memory of your own about the person or what you have learned from a friend or family member).

376

At our brother/sister’s last alarm, he/she moved from time into eternity--to that place Jesus went to prepare just for him/her-- You will miss him/her. It will certainly take some getting used to. You will each struggle to re-define yourselves. Because ______was a unique person who brought a certain meaning to each of your lives-- as you face the future without him/her, you will recognize that your have been forever changed by his/her death------

You, (Names of Children) have been cut off from your past---your root ---Your connection with your ancestors has been severed. (Names of brothers and sisters) you have lost your brother/sister, breaking a unique link in your family chain. Members of (Name Fire Department) you have lost a comrade, team member and brother/sister ---And, husband/wife you are suffering the greatest loss a human can suffer---part of yourself, because (years of marriage) years ago you became One in holy matrimony. That connection has been severed------You have lost your best friend, the one who walked along beside you---the one who kept you on your toes and challenged you most in life...

But, even in the midst of your great loss--- there is some “encouraging news.” In the 23rd Psalm, David tells us that we have One on whom we can lean------who walks with us in this life------who prepares a place for us beyond this life: [read Psalm 23]

The first bit of encouraging news I have for you today is that you don’t have to walk this “dark lonesome valley” alone. God will walk it with you. He, like no other can do, will come to you in the dead of the night and fill the emptiness you now feel--- He will wipe the tears from your eyes. He will give you the strength to go on, even when you do not feel like going on, he will help you, and in time, He will heal your wounds--- And He has given you a multitude

377

Sample of Service (Option2)

Chaplain: O God, who heals the broken in heart, and binds up their wounds, look with tender pity and compassion upon your servants whose joy, has turned to mourning. Leave them not comfortless, but grant that they may be drawn closer to one another and to you in their sadness. Fill their hearts with the light and comfort of your presence. Grant them such a vision of life where all mysteries shall be revealed and all tears be wiped away, that they may be able to endure. Dwell with them and be their God until the day breaks and the shadows flee.

We are gathered here on this occasion to pay our respects to our brother/sister firefighter who has answered his/her final call on earth. Firefighter ______was a loyal member of (fire dept.) ______, highly regarded by his/her fellow firefighters.

Member: Let the words of the 23rd Psalm give us comfort: The Lord is my Shepard; I shall not want. In verdant pastures he gives me repose; Beside restful waters he leads me; he refreshes my soul Response (all): The Lord is my Shepard; there is nothing I shall want He guides me in right paths for his name’s sake. Even though I walk in the dark valley I fear no evil; for you are at my side With your rod and your staff that give me courage

Response (all): The Lord is my Shepard; there is nothing I shall want You spread the table before me in the sight of my foes You anoint my heads with oil; my cup overflows

Response (all): The Lord is my Shepard; there is nothing I shall want

Leader: For everything there is a season, and a time for every matter under heaven, a time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up what is planted;…a time to weep, and a time to laugh, a time to mourn, and a time to dance;… a time to love, and a time to hate; a time for war, and a time for peace… (Eccl.3:1-8).

Through these seasons our fellow ESW has lived his/her life. We pray now that he/she now enjoys the time of peace. The season is now. The time is ours. Chaplain: Let us pray. A time of death among the firefighting family is a time of pain. It is also a time of love and hope. Our faith in God, our creator, supports us as we suffer the death of people we have loved. Grant a fitting reward to your firefighter who has given his/her time and energy for the good of others. To him who has answered his final alarm on earth, grant him a place of refreshment, joy and peace. Amen

378

Member: The ship that passes over the horizon is lost in our sight But it goes on; it continues to its destination and a safe harbor at last Beyond that horizon are other worlds that welcome the traveler We live with the conviction or struggle with the hope that life itself is a horizon, and our journey goes beyond it not to darkness but to life

Leader: A prayer for Remembering God, our creator, you guide our story by remembrance. We come here together before you to treasure the memory of our fellow firefighter who has helped us and shared in our journey of life. We ask the comfort of you blessing upon his/her family. May they be sustained by the memories of his/her service to the people of our community. We take this opportunity to say thank you for making a difference in our community and in the lives of your fellow firefighters.

All: We are grateful that we were part of his/her life, he/she a part of ours, that together we shared your gift of life. We offer you, as our gift, those memories and moments that we have lived together: memories of trust and acceptance, memories of love and forgiveness, moments of simplicity and joy.

Chaplain: Prayers for all God’s People God, our creator, receive our prayers together with our silence, our tears, our broken plans and our fears. Our sorrow reminds us that life is not meant to avoid pain and that to love is to accept the risk of hurting. You are a God who never promised us joy without pain, or sun without rain, or roses without thorns. But you promised to be with us in our struggles to give light in time of darkness.

Help us to trust your presence in the events we do not understand, put us in touch with the inner resources hidden in us and guide us through the future by gently transforming our grief into compassion, our hurts into new hope for others. (AP).

All: Help us to gain wisdom through our sufferings and give us patience and time to work through our feelings. We ask this in the name of Christ our Lord. Amen The Firefighter’s Memorial Hymn Leader: In fond remembrance gathered here today, Tribute to pay to firefighters passed away; Garlands of flowers placed upon the dead Brightest blossoms deck their quiet bed.

Member: When duty called, our firefighters would go, Ever undaunted, met the fiery foe. May guardian angels o’er them vigil keep, While they lie resting in eternal sleep Chaplain: Father in heaven, guide us on our way, Through storm and sunshine to eternal day; And when our duty on earth is o’er Vouchsafe our journey to the gladden shore. Chaplain: Blessing The Lord bless you and keep you The Lord make his face shine upon you and give you peace The Lord lift up the light of his presence upon you Now and always…Amen

Leader: Let us go forth renewed in the steadfastness of our faith.

379

All: Let us be strengthened through the unity, friendship and compassion of all in the firefighting service.

Closing Hymn: On Eagle’s Wings

Response: And He will raise you up on eagle’s wings, bear you on the breath of dawn, make you to shine like the sun, and hold you in the palm of His hand.

Chaplain: Closes with a Prayer

380

Sample Service (Option 3)

______FIRE & RESCUE SERVICE

Chaplain: Eternal God give to us wisdom, sympathy and understanding as we seek to Minister in this final tribute to our departed comrade. Amen.

President: Dear relatives and friends; we firefighters are assembled her to pay our final tribute of respect and honor to the memory of our departed brother/sister ______a member of ______. It is indeed a fitting and proper that we should thus honor our dead. In life, he/she was a companion, a friend and a fellow fighter. In the service, as a brother/sister firefighter, we learned to know, respect and love him/her, and we will always cherish a fond remembrance of him/her. We wish to dedicate this service to our departed comrade and brother/sister.

Chief: As we stand in the presence of death, we are reminded that it is the only certainty in life. In the hour of sorrow and mourning we look to the eternal God who gives us joy for our sorrow and gladness for our mourning. “God is our refuge and strength and an ever present help in trouble.”

Chaplain: “If I ascend into heaven, thou art there; if I make my abode in the grave, behold thou art there. If I take the wings of the mourning and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea, behold thou art there.” ------Pause a moment ------“The Lord is my Shepard; I shall not want. He maketh me to lie down in green pastures. He leadeth me beside the still waters. He restoreth my soul. He leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name’s sake. Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me. Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies; thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over. Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life and I will dwell in the house of the Lord forever.” Let us pray: Oh most mighty and merciful God, our only sure help in time of trouble, we turn to thee for strength and courage, in this hour of death. As you do share the pain and grief of your children, grant now we beseech the comfort and peace to these who mourn the loss of their loved one. Give them strength sufficient for this hour and grant them thine eternal grace until they dwell with thee forever, amen.

381

President: “Brief life is here our portion, brief sorrow, short lived care. The life that knows no ending, the tearless life is there.” “I cannot say, and I will not say that he is dead. He is just away. With a cheery smile and a wave of the hand, he has wandered into an unknown land. Think of him faring on, as dear in the love thee as the love here.”

Chief: While we bury his/her weaknesses with his/her body, his/her virtues shall ever be remembered and encourage us to nobler life.

Chaplain: May peace rest with the ashes and spirit of Brother/Sister ______“The Lord bless thee and keep thee; the Lord make his face shine upon thee and be gracious unto thee; the Lord lift up his countenance upon thee and give thee peace.” Amen

(Taps if so desired)

“Only a Fireman” or ESW’s prayer depending on who service is for

He is only a fireman the people say As they pass him or give him the way The alarm with a clatter, clatter and bang Strikes many an ear with an unpleasant clang His dress is not tidy and his face does tan But note he walks like a man Not ashamed of friends nor afraid of foes When to work each time he goes Not dreading danger not death each hour For his trust and hope is in an unseen power Who gives strength to his arm and light to his eye He dreads not to live, or fears not to die

382

Sample Service (Option 4)

______FIRE & RESCUE SERVICE

We are gathered here on this occasion to pay our respects to our brother/sister firefighter who has answered his/her final call on earth. Firefighter ______was a loyal member of (fire dept) ______, highly regarded by his/her fellow firefighters.

Member: Let the words of the 23rd Psalm give us comfort: The Lord is my Shepard; I shall not want. In verdant pastures he gives me repose; Beside restful waters he leads me; he refreshes my soul

Response (all): The Lord is my Shepard; there is nothing I shall want He guides me in right paths for his name’s sake. Even though I walk in the dark valley I fear no evil; for you are at my side With your rod and your staff that give me courage

Response (all): The Lord is my Shepard; there is nothing I shall want You spread the table before me in the sight of my foes You anoint my heads with oil; my cup overflows

Response (all): The Lord is my Shepard; there is nothing I shall want

383

Through every season we realize how human fulfillment and true happiness come from knowing and valuing that which we have. Friendship and laughter, patience and sorrow, humility and compassion, from birth through death – all these are God’s gifts to us, the precious moments of life itself. Through these seasons our fellow firefighter has lived his/her life. We pray now that he/she now enjoys the time of peace. The season is now. The time is ours.

Chaplain: Let us pray. A time of death among the firefighting family is a time of pain. It is also a time of love and hope. Our faith in God, our creator, supports us as we suffer the death of people we have loved. Grant a fitting reward to your firefighter who has given his/her time and energy for the good of others. To him who has answered his final alarm on earth, grant him a place of refreshment, joy and peace. Amen

384

All: Help us to gain wisdom through our sufferings and give us patience and time to work through our feelings. We ask this in the name of Christ our Lord. Amen

The Firefighter’s Memorial Hymn

Leader: In fond remembrance gathered here today, Tribute to pay to firefighters passed away; Garlands of flowers placed upon the dead Brightest blossoms deck their quiet bed.

Member: When duty called, our firefighters would go, Ever undaunted, met the fiery foe. May guardian angels o’er them vigil keep, While they lie resting in eternal sleep

Chaplain: Father in heaven, guide us on our way, Through storm and sunshine to eternal day; And when our duty on earth is o’er Vouchsafe our journey to the gladden shore.

Chaplain: Blessing The Lord bless you and keep you The Lord make his face shine upon you and give you peace The Lord lift up the light of his presence upon you Now and always…Amen

Leader: Let us go forth renewed in the steadfastness of our faith.

385

All: Let us be strengthened through the unity, friendship and compassion of all in the firefighting service.

Closing Hymn: On Eagle’s Wings

Response:

And He will raise you up on eagle’s wings, bear you on the breath of dawn, make you to shine like the sun, and hold you in the palm of His hand.

386

Sample Service (Option 5)

387

Sample Service (Option 6)

388

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

389

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

390

Chapter 16

Chapter 16: Last Alarm / Bell Service / Last Tone Out

The men and women of today’s fire service are confronted with a more dangerous work environment than ever before. We are forced to continually change our strategies and tactics to accomplish our tasks.

Our methods may change, but our goals remain the same as they were in the past, to save lives and to protect property, sometimes at a terrible cost. This is what we do, this is our chosen profession, this is the tradition of the fire fighter.

The fire service of today is ever changing, but is steeped in traditions 200 years old. One such tradition is the sound of a bell.

In the past, as fire fighters began their tour of duty, it was the bell that signaled the beginning of that day’s shift. Throughout the day and night, each alarm was sounded by a bell, which summoned these brave souls to fight fires and to place their lives in jeopardy for the good of their fellow citizen. And when the fire was out and the alarm had come to an end, it was the bell that signaled to all the completion of that call. When a fire fighter had died in the line of duty, paying the supreme sacrifice, it was the mournful toll of the bell that solemnly announced a comrade's passing.

We utilize these traditions as symbols, which reflect honor and respect on those who have given so much and who have served so well. To symbolize the devotion that these brave souls had for their duty, a special signal of three rings, three times each, represents the end of our comrades’ duties and that they will be returning to quarters. And so, to those who have selflessly given their lives for the good of their fellow man, their tasks completed, their duties well done, to our comrades, their last alarm, they are going home.

391

Sample of Last Alarm / Bell Service (Option 1)

The fire service of today is ever changing, but is steeped in traditions 200 years old. One such tradition is the sounding of a bell.

In the past, as firefighters began their tour of duty, it was the bell that signaled the beginning of that day’s shift. Thru the day and night each alarm was sounded by a bell. And when the fire was out and the alarm had come to an end, it was the bell that signaled to all the completion of the call.

We utilize these traditions as symbols which reflect honor and respect to those who have given so much and who have served so well in life.

In the fire service a special signal of 3 rings, 3 times each, represents the end of a call to duty. We would like to use this same signal to honor the devotion and duties that "NAME" gave to all of us.

And so "NAME", who has selflessly devoted his life for the good of his fellow man, his tasks completed, his duties done, he is going home.

392

Sample of Last Alarm / Bell Service (Option 2) **Ring bell one time**

“The men and Women of today’s fire service are confronted with more dangerous work environment than ever before. We are forced to continually change our strategies and tactics to accomplish our tasks. Our methods may change, but our goals remain the same as they were in the past.

TO SAVE LIVES AND TO PROTECT PROPERTY

Sometimes at a terrible cost. This is what we do. This is our chosen profession. This is the tradition of the firefighter.

The fires service of today is ever changing, but is steeped traditions 200 years old. One such tradition is the sounding of the bell.”

**Ring bell one time**

“In the past, as firefighters began their tour of duty, it was the bell that signaled the beginning of that days shift. Through the day and night, each alarm was sounded by a bell, which summoned these brave souls to fight fires and to place their lives in jeopardy for the good of their fellow man. And when the fire was out and the alarm had come to an end, it was the bell that signaled to all, the completion of that call.

When a firefighter died, it was the mournful toll of the bell that solemnly announced…a comrades passing.

We utilize these traditions as symbols which reflect honor and respect on those who have given so much and who have served so well. To symbolize the devotion that these brave souls had for their duty – a special signal of three rings, three times each (pause in between in set of three), represents the end of our comrades duties, and that they will be returning to quarters.

And so to him who has selflessly devoted his life for the good of his fellow man.

His task completed, his duties well done. To our comrade, his last alarm, he’s going home.”

**(Ring bell 3 times, repeat 3 times with a slight pause in between each set, for a total of 9 rings)**

393

Sample of Last Alarm / Bell Service (Option 3)

The Last Alarm bell is rung for fallen firefighters.

The “bell service” is ideal indoors as part of the church/funeral home memorial service. Two people are needed to perform the service--one to read the selection and the other to ring the bell. If possible, the service will be conducted by the fallen firefighter’s department.

Another protocol is to conduct this service at graveside; graveside service is generally more difficult to hear, and, if there is inclement weather, it may be difficult to meaningfully conduct. (Lengthy grave site services may do an injustice to the tribute and may be uncomfortable to family members.)

Position the bell in the rear of the church or funeral home. If there is not enough room to situate the bell any distance from the people, be sure to warn those sitting close of the sudden noise. The “bell service” should focus on the words being read; the bell sounding inconspicuously from the rear.

Firefighters put their lives on the line for others in the course of their work. When a firefighter falls in the line of duty, he is given honors during a funeral, including the solemn "Last Alarm" fire bell. Many years ago, a ringing fire bell indicated a fire. The firefighters donned bunker gear and headed out to fight the fire. After the fire was over, the station rang the bell three times, indicating the task was done. Today, this last bell rings three times after the funeral of a fallen firefighter, symbolically representing the end of the firefighter's duties.

The book of standard funerals states that a silver or brass bell shall be rung at any fallen fireman's or policeman's funeral. It should be rung for either the municipal box alarm they were at, such as it they were in District 5, Zone 327. The Bell would be rung for each Number.(5-3-2- 7) "1-1-1-1-1, 1-1-1, 1-1, 1-1-1-1-1-1-1".

When this "Last Box Alarm" doesn't work out, you shall ring signal "5-5-5-5-5". That is (1-1-1- 1-1, 1-1-1-1-1, 1-1-1-1-1, 1-1-1-1-1, 1-1-1-1-1). They can do the bell or use a motorized siren or steam whistle to signal that fallen members "Last Alarm", or the call at which they has passed. It has been a custom of firefighters since the nineteenth century, to ring out the last alarm of a fellow fireman, so he can "Go home", or so his soul can leave the fire, and return to that big, brick firehouse in the sky...

394

Sample of Last Alarm / Bell Service (Option 4)

______FIRE & RESCUE

Chaplain or Department member reads or recites:

“The men and women of today’s fire service are confronted with a more dangerous work environment than ever before. We are forced to continually change our strategies and tactics to accomplish our tasks.

The fire service of today is ever changing, but it is steeped in traditions over 200 years old.

One such tradition is the sound of a bell.

In the past, as firefighters began their tour of duty, it was the bell that signaled the beginning of that day’s shift. Throughout the day and night, each alarm was sounded by a bell, which summoned these brave souls to fight fires and to place their lives in jeopardy for the good of their fellow citizens. And when the fire was out and the alarm had come to an end, it was a bell that signaled to all, the completion of the call. When a firefighter had died in the line of duty, paying the supreme sacrifice, it was the mournful toll of the bell that solemnly announced a comrades passing.

We utilize these traditions as symbols, which reflect honor and respect of those who have given so much and who have served so well. To symbolize the devotion that these brave souls had for their duty, a special signal of three rings, three times each (3-3-3), represents the end of our comrades’ duties and that they will be returning to quarters. And so, to those who have selflessly given their lives for the good of their fellow man, their tasks completed, their duties well done, to our comrades, their last alarm, they are going home.”

Officer in charge calls firefighters to attention. Uniformed personnel called to present arms. Bell is struck three times, thrice (3-3-3). Uniformed personnel called to order arms. Firefighters at ease or seated.

395

Sample of Last Tone Out (Option 1)

LAST TONE OUT

This is the "Final Tone Out" ceremony that will be read over the county fire radio frequency ______Mhz. by the dispatcher at central dispatch. This will occur during the ceremony conducted at the cemetery. It will be coordinated by the cemetery officer via a phone call to the dispatch center.

To be dispatched over the county fire dispatch frequency.

"Department" Fire Tones

"Deceased's Radio Designator" from Base "X". (pause) "Deceased's Radio Designator" from Base "X". (pause) "Deceased's Radio Designator" from Base "X". (pause)

Attention all units and stations from Base "X".

It is with deep regret that we announce the passing of "title and name", veteran of the "Name" Fire Department. The bell has been struck for his last alarm. May the sun shine upon his path, May the wind always be at his back and may the Lord hold him in the palm of his hand until we meet again.

"Department" Base "X" clear."

396

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

397

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

398

Chapter 17

Chapter 17: Sample Services for Funeral or Memorial

In this chapter you will find a sample order of events at a church service. We have also included samples of services – what could be said during the service. Again these are samples to help you set up your services. You can use parts of them or all of each one. We hope if the time ever comes that you have to plan a funeral service this chapter will help to take some of the stress off of planning the service.

Sample Order of Events at Church Service

Funeral Service for ______(Firefighter, EMS) Worker John Doe ______Department (Date) ______(Year) _____

1:00 p.m. Arrival of hearse at church Honor Guard Posted Color Guard Posted

399

1:30-2:00 p.m. Arrival of guests, fire personnel, and fire apparatus Fire personnel placed in formations Explanation of commands to be given Attention Present Arms Order Arms

2:00-2:15 p.m. Arrival of family and processional Pallbearers remove the casket Procession enters the church Minister Color Guard Pallbearers and casket Honorary pallbearers Family and friends Department members Members of other fire departments

2:15-3:00p.m. Funeral Service (options) Music Remembrances Readings Eulogy Sermon Presentation of badge Walk-by of emergency service personnel Benediction

3:00-3:15 p.m. Funeral Recessional Minister Color Guard Pallbearers and casket Honorary pallbearers Family and friends Department members Members of other departments

400

3:15-4:00 p.m. Procession to Place of Final Committal (Order of Vehicles) Lead escort Host department engine Hearse (It may be the same if an apparatus serves as caisson) Family limousines Pallbearers’ vehicle Honorary pallbearers’ vehicle Honor Guard vehicle Host department Chief’s vehicle Other host department vehicles Police vehicles Local officials’ vehicles Vehicles from other fire departments Vehicles from other emergency service departments Vehicles of friends or other private Vehicles Rear escort

4:00-4:15 p.m. Graveside Processional* Color Guard Members of host department Members of other departments Honorary pallbearers Minister Pallbearers and casket Family Friends

4:15-4:45 p.m. Graveside Service Options* Opening prayer Words to the family Final prayer Last Alarm ceremony Taps Presentation of the flag Benediction Dismissal

401

4:45 p.m. Graveside Recessional* Color Guard Members of host department Members of other fire departments Honorary pallbearers Minister Pallbearers and casket Family Friends

*The family may choose to have the body or ashes placed in a crypt. In this case, the same protocols apply. However, the Final Committal Service Officer should modify them appropriately to fit the specific circumstances.

402

Sample of Service (Option 1)

Response (all): The Lord is my Shepard; there is nothing I shall want You spread the table before me in the sight of my foes You anoint my heads with oil; my cup overflows

Response (all): The Lord is my Shepard; there is nothing I shall want

403

404

You are a God who never promised us joy without pain, or sun without rain, or roses without thorns. But you promised to be with us in our struggles to give light in time of darkness.

All: Help us to gain wisdom through our sufferings and give us patience and time to work through our feelings. We ask this in the name of Christ our Lord. Amen The Firefighter’s Memorial Hymn

Leader: In fond remembrance gathered here today, Tribute to pay to firefighters passed away; Garlands of flowers placed upon the dead Brightest blossoms deck their quiet bed.

Chaplain: Blessing The Lord bless you and keep you The Lord make his face shine upon you and give you peace The Lord lift up the light of his presence upon you Now and always…Amen

Leader: Let us go forth renewed in the steadfastness of our faith.

All: Let us be strengthened through the unity, friendship and compassion of all in the firefighting service.

Closing Hymn: On Eagle’s Wings

Response: And He will raise you up on eagle’s wings, bear you on the breath of dawn, make you to shine like the sun, and hold you in the palm of His hand.

Chaplain: Closes with a Prayer

405

Sample of a Service (Option 2)

______FIRE & RESCUE SERVICE

Chaplain: Eternal God give to us wisdom, sympathy and understanding as we seek to Minister in this final tribute to our departed comrade. Amen.

406

Chief: While we bury his/her weaknesses with his/her body, his/her virtues shall ever be remembered and encourage us to nobler life.

(Taps if so desired)

“Only a Fireman”

407

Sample of a Service (Option 3)

______FIRE & RESCUE SERVICE

We are gathered here on this occasion to pay our respects to our brother/sister firefighter who has answered his/her final call on earth. Firefighter ______was a loyal member of (fire dept) ______, highly regarded by his/her fellow firefighters.

Member: Let the words of the 23rd Psalm give us comfort: The Lord is my Shepard; I shall not want. In verdant pastures he gives me repose; Beside restful waters he leads me; he refreshes my soul

Response (all): The Lord is my Shepard; there is nothing I shall want You spread the table before me in the sight of my foes You anoint my heads with oil; my cup overflows

Response (all): The Lord is my Shepard; there is nothing I shall want

408

409

But you promised to be with us in our struggles to give light in time of darkness.

All: Help us to gain wisdom through our sufferings and give us patience and time to work through our feelings. We ask this in the name of Christ our Lord. Amen

The Firefighter’s Memorial Hymn

Leader: In fond remembrance gathered here today, Tribute to pay to firefighters passed away; Garlands of flowers placed upon the dead Brightest blossoms deck their quiet bed.

Member: When duty called, our firefighters would go, Ever undaunted, met the fiery foe. May guardian angels o’er them vigil keep, While they lie resting in eternal sleep

Chaplain: Father in heaven, guide us on our way, Through storm and sunshine to eternal day; And when our duty on earth is o’er Vouchsafe our journey to the gladden shore.

Chaplain: Blessing The Lord bless you and keep you The Lord make his face shine upon you and give you peace The Lord lift up the light of his presence upon you Now and always…Amen

410

Leader: Let us go forth renewed in the steadfastness of our faith.

All: Let us be strengthened through the unity, friendship and compassion of all in the firefighting service.

Closing Hymn: On Eagle’s Wings

Response:

And He will raise you up on eagle’s wings, bear you on the breath of dawn, make you to shine like the sun, and hold you in the palm of His hand.

411

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

412

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

413

Chapter 18

Chapter 18: Samples of Scripture Readings for Funeral or Memorial Services Sample Readings for Funeral Services

John 14: 1-9, 27 and 28

"Do not let your hearts be troubled. Trust in God, trust also in me. In my Father's house are many rooms: if it were not so, I would have told you. I am going there to prepare a place for you. And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come back and take you to be with me that you also may be where I am. You know the place where I am going." Thomas said to him, "Lord, we don't know where you are going, so how can we know the way?" Jesus answered, "I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me. If you really knew me, you would know my Father as well. From now on, you do know him and have seen him." Philip said, "Lord, show us the Father and that will be enough for us." Jesus answered: "Don't you know me, Philip, even after I have been among you such a long time? Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father. How can you say, Show us the Father?"' Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. You heard me say, "I am going away and I am coming back to you." If you loved me, you would be glad that I am going to the Father, for the Father is greater than I.

John 11:25 and 26

Jesus said to her, "I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in me will live, even though he dies; and whoever lives and believes in me will never die. Do you believe this?"

414

Romans 8:31-39

What, then, shall we say in response to this? If God is for us, who can be against us? He who did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all-- how will he not also, along with him, graciously give us all things? Who will bring any charge against those whom God has chosen? It is God who justifies. Who is he that condemns? Christ Jesus, who died--more than that, who was raised to life--is at the right hand of God and is also interceding for us. Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall trouble or hardship or persecution or famine or nakedness or danger or sword? As it is written: "For your sake we face death all day long; we are considered as sheep to be slaughtered."

Psalms 27:5

For in the day of trouble he will keep me safe in his dwelling; He will hide me in the shelter of his tabernacle and set me high upon a rock.

Nahum 1:7

The Lord is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him.

Psalms 23

The Lord is my shepherd, I shall lack nothing. He makes me lie down in green pastures, he leads me beside quiet waters, he restores my soul. He guides me in paths of righteousness for his name's sake. Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for you are with me; your rod and your staff, they comfort me. You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies. You anoint my head with oil: my cup overflows. Surely goodness and love will follow me all the days of my life, and I will dwell in the house of the Lord forever.

1st Peter 5:7

Cast all your anxiety on him because he cares for you.

415

II Corinthians 1:3 and 4

Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of compassion and the God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our troubles, so that we can comfort those in any trouble with the comfort we ourselves have received from God.

Psalms 46:1-3. 10 and 11

God is our refuge and strength, an ever present help in trouble. Therefore we will not fear, though the earth gives way and the mountains fall into the heart of the sea, though its waters roar and foam and the mountains quake with their surging. "Be still, and know that I am God; I will be exalted among the nations, I will be exalted in the earth." The Lord Almighty is with us; the God of Jacob is our fortress. I

John 15:13

Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends.

Ecclesiastes Chapter 3: 1-11

God's message comes to us from the book of Ecclesiastes, Chapter 3: For everything there is a season, and a time for every matter under heaven: 2 a time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up what is planted; 3 a time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build up; 4 a time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance; 5 a time to cast away stones, and a time to gather stones together; a time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing; 6 a time to seek, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to cast away; 7 a time to rend, and a time to sew; a time to keep silence, and a time to speak; 8 a time to love, and a time to hate; a time for war, and a time for peace. 9 What gain has the worker from his toil? 10 I have seen the business that God has given to the sons of men to be busy with. 11 He has made everything beautiful in its time; also he has put eternity into man's mind, yet so that he cannot find out what God has done from the beginning to the end.

What does man gain for the effort that he makes? I contemplate the tasks that God gives to mankind for labor. All that he does is apt for its time: But though He has permitted man to conserve time in its wholeness, man cannot comprehend the work of God from beginning to end. I know there is no happiness for man except in pleasure and enjoyment while he lives. And when man eats and drinks and finds happiness in his work this is a gift from God.

416

1 Corinthians 15: 51-57

51 Lo! I tell you a mystery. We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, 52 in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we shall be changed. 53 For this perishable nature must put on the imperishable, and this mortal nature must put on immortality. 54 When the perishable puts on the imperishable, and the mortal puts on immortality, then shall come to pass the saying that is written: "Death is swallowed up in victory." 55 "O death, where is thy victory? O death, where is thy sting?" 56 The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law. 57 But thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.

Matthew 25: 31-40

Our scripture reading is taken from St. Matthew: 31 “But when the Son of Man comes in His glory, and all the angels with Him, then He will sit on His glorious throne. 32 All the nations will be gathered before Him; and He will separate them from one another, as the shepherd separates the sheep from the goats; 33 and He will put the sheep on His right, and the goats on the left.

34 “Then the King will say to those on His right, ‘Come, you who are blessed of My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. 35 For I was hungry, and you gave Me something to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave Me something to drink; I was a stranger, and you invited Me in; 36 naked, and you clothed Me; I was sick, and you visited Me; I was in prison, and you came to Me.’ 37 Then the righteous will answer Him, ‘Lord, when did we see You hungry, and feed You, or thirsty, and give You something to drink? 38 And when did we see You a stranger, and invite You in, or naked, and clothe You? 39 When did we see You sick, or in prison, and come to You?’ 40 The King will answer and say to them, ‘Truly I say to you, to the extent that you did it to one of these brothers of Mine, even the least of them, you did it to Me.’

41 “Then He will also say to those on His left, ‘Depart from Me, accursed ones, into the eternal fire which has been prepared for the devil and his angels; 42 for I was hungry, and you gave Me nothing to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave Me nothing to drink; 43 I was a stranger, and you did not invite Me in; naked, and you did not clothe Me; sick, and in prison, and you did not visit Me.’ 44 Then they themselves also will answer, ‘Lord, when did we see You hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not [a]take care of You?’ 45 Then He will answer them, ‘Truly I say to you, to the extent that you did not do it to one of the least of these, you did not do it to Me.’ 46 These will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.”

417

Matthew 6: 9-13

The Lord’s Prayer

Our Father, which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy Name. Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, As it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our trespasses, As we forgive them that trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation, But deliver us from evil. For thine is the kingdom,

The power, and the glory,

For ever and ever.

Amen.

418

Scripture 1

MINISTER: The blessing . . . The Lord bless you and keep you, The Lord make his face shine upon and give you peace, The Lord lift up he light of his presence upon you, Now and always . . . Amen.

Scripture 2

Scripture 3

419

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

420

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

421

Chapter 19

Chapter 19: Graveside and Cremated Remains Services

Sample # 1

Reverently we commit the body of our brother to the grave (flames, if cremation). "Earth to Earth" -- "Ashes to Ashes" and "Dust to Dust." Though our brother has passed beyond our mortal view, through our faith in God we know that we can leave him in the hands of the Supreme Chief of the Universe who doeth all things well, who is glorious in His holiness, wondrous in His power and boundless in His goodness and love to His children. Now my brother, with a firm faith in God, we know we shall meet again in our Father's house and until then - my brother - farewell. The Lord bless thee and keep thee; The Lord make his face to shrine upon thee and be gracious to thee; The Lord lift up the light of countenance upon thee and give thee peace. AMEN.

Sample # 2

Firemen's Funeral and Graveside Services: Three (3) strokes on the gong or chimes the gong has sounded In His infinite wisdom, the Supreme Chief of the Universe has once more sounded the last alarm, and our brother has answered his last call to duty. When the hour of death comes, it is faith and knowledge that alleviate our sorrow and that comfort us; faith in God and knowledge that He has called our brother home. God sent our brother into our midst so that we might enjoy his love, his friendship, and his loving devotion--so that we might know his virtues, and bury his imperfections. Because of these things, we cling to the memory of our pleasant associations with our brother and cherish the hope that when the Supreme Chief sounds that last alarm for us, we shall answer that call to our Father's home and there find our brother waiting to welcome us once more.

422

Sample # 3

______(Name) was born ______. (Date) He was appointed to the ______Fire Department on ______as a ______on______He retired on ______and answered his last alarm on ______(Date) (or answered his last alarm while performing his duty to his fellow men on ______). His departmental record shows ______years, ______months, ______days of faithful service. He leaves to mourn: ______, ______. We give our love and heartfelt sympathy to the bereaved family and loved ones.

Sample # 4

LET US PRAY Almighty God, Supreme Chief of the Universe, we humbly bow before Thy Sovereign will, as in Thy providence. Thou hast seen fit to call our brother home. We submit to Thy divine will, and draw our comfort from Thy promises contained in Thy Holy Word, assuring us of immortality. Our brother has responded to the higher call and Thou has promoted him to the celestial ranks where he may more fully serve Thee. We are mindful of the life of service and the good deeds of our departed brother. He faithfully and unselfishly gave of his time, talents, and energy in the safety and protection of the life and home of his fellowmen. We praise Thee for his life and example, and would emulate his virtues. Now that his earthly career has been completed, we implore Thee to receive his soul, and grant to him a glorious entrance into that eternal home of bliss and everlasting joy. May thy comforting spirit minister to the family and relatives bereaved; console them in their sorrow, cheer them in their grief, and provide for them in the days to come. May they find comfort in the memory of the happy days of association with their loved one now departed, and may they look with hope and trust to that day when they shall meet again. For Thy Name's Sake. AMEN

Sample # 5

THREE (3) STROKES ON THE GONG OR CHIMES: Presentation of the Emblem: ______it is an honor that (Name of nearest of kin) I have the privilege of presenting to you an emblem of the Department of which our late brother was a member; this emblem symbolizes the esteem we held for him. May the memory thereof always bring happiness?

423

Sample # 6

The life of a firefighter is closely associated with the ringing of a bell. As he begins his hours of duty it is the bell that starts it off and so through the day and night, each alarm is sounded by a bell, which calls him to fight fire and to place his life in jeopardy for the good of his fellow man. And when the fire is out and the alarm has come to an end, the bell rings three times to signal the end. And now--______--has completed the task, his duties well done and the bell rings three times.

Sample # 7

PRAYER

Chaplain: Almighty and Merciful God! Father of all! Amidst these monuments of the dead we see Thy hand. In the depth of our sorrow we realize the truth of the inspired words: "I am the resurrection and the life, he that believeth in Me, though he were dead, yet shall be live." As comrade after comrade departs we march on with the ranks grown thinner. Help us to be faithful unto Thee and to one another. We beseech Thee, look in mercy upon all of us here assembled and, with Thine own tenderness, console and comfort those bereaved by the hand of death. Give them the "oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness." Heavenly Father, bless our country with freedom, peace and righteousness, and through Thy Sovereign and Holy Spirit's favor, may we all meet at last before Thy throne of Grace in Heaven. And to Thy Great Name shall be praise forever and forever. Amen.

(All members repeat Amen and assume position of "at ease.")

(If a choir, quartet or soloist is present an appropriate hymn will be sung.)

(Chief or Officer will read the following or he may extemporize): One by one, as the years roll on, we are called upon to fulfill these sad duties of respect to our departed comrades. The present, full of the cares that beset all communities whether engaged in emergency duties or daily tasks, fades away as we look back on the day this comrade left his home to serve his community. Imbued by a spirit of devotion and inspired by an undying love of his community, he gladly went forth and joined with others both young and old to protect and serve their community.

424

We trust that the example set by our comrade will prove a glorious beacon to the youth of our community, who may be called to serve and protect lives and protect in their community..

As the years roll on, we, too, shall have finished our fight, shall be laid to rest, and our souls follow the long column to the realms above, as all-enfolding death, hour by hour, shall mark his recruits.

Comrades, let us so live that when the Keeper of the Eternal Records shall have called our names for the last time, those we leave behind may say of us, as we say now true- hearted comrade, and. a fearless defender of his country and flag."

Chief: Officers, you will now perform the last duties of your stations.

1. Assistant Chief places a sprig of evergreen upon the casket and repeats: On behalf of ______Station No. ______, I present this tribute as a symbol of our undying love for our comrade."

2. Assistant Chief, placing white flowers upon the casket, repeats: "I place this symbol of purity upon this casket, and may each future generation emulate the unselfish devotion to duty of the lowest of our comrades."

3. Captain, placing a laurel wreath upon the casket, repeats: "We place this last token of affection from his comrades in arms upon the casket of our departed comrade and crown his mortal dust with this symbol of victory."

4. Captain, gently holding up one corner of the regulation flag covering the casket, or placing a small Flag of the United States on the casket if there is none on it already, repeats: "On behalf of our glorious republic, for whom integrity our comrade of the ______joined and served, we place upon his casket this emblem of our nation and community, whose arms are always open to serve, protect and shelter the oppressed."

(If casket is to be interred the small flag if used, will be placed at the head of the grave-- never to be covered with earth.)

(Address by chaplain. The chaplain shall here repeat the following, or may make an address of the same length): The march of our comrade is over and he lieth down in the house appointed for all the living.

This grave reminds us of the frailty of human life and the tenure by which we hold our own. "In such an hour as ye think not, the final summons may come which no one disobeys."

425

It seems fitting that we should leave our comrade to rest under the arching sky, as he did when he pitched his tent or laid down in days gone by, weary and footsore by the roadside, or on the field of battle.

Our departed comrades of the emergency services no longer hear the sound of the (fire burning / metal and glass breaking / screams and cries / bullets flying, etc.), or ride in their emergency vehicles with sirens blasting, no longer ride beneath peaceful skies, nor are driven before the angry storm.

May each of us, when our voyages and battles of life are over, find a welcome in that region of the blest where there is no more storm tossed sea, nor scorching battlefield.

Our comrade is in the hands of our Heavenly Father, and "God giveth His beloved sleep." He will be laid to rest, but let us cherish his virtues and learn to imitate them, reminded by the place he fills no more, that our ranks are thinning. Let each one be so loyal to every virtue, so true to every friendship, so faithful in the remaining marches, that he will be ready to fall out and take his place in the great review hereafter; not in doubt, but with faith that the merciful Captain of our Salvation will call him to that fraternity which on earth and in heaven remains unbroken.

COMMITTAL (The chaplain or minister in charge will then recite the following committal service): The Master saith: 'Thy brother shall rise again. I am the resurrection and the life." Dust shall be returned to dust and the spirit to God who gave it. Earth to Earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust and the spirit unto the Great Spirit, that watcheth over the lives and souls of men. Amen.

All Comrades: Amen.

BENEDICTION May the blessing and benediction of heaven upon us and our comrades wherever dispersed the world over. Amen.

(At the grave, the commander gives the signal to the firing squad, which fires three volleys. Commander then commands right hand salute.)

The bugles sound Taps; the Post colors only, drooping full, fly over the grave. At the last note commander calls "attention."

Department regulations governing the conduct of a military and LODD funeral provide that at the conclusion of Taps pallbearers shall fold the interment flag and present it to the cemetery representatives or funeral director for transmittal to the next of kin.

When the graveside services are concluded the chaplain remains to render any assistance required by the family. The band, escort and firing party, color guard, pallbearers, honorary pallbearers and other comrades leave the scene.

426

SPECIAL NOTICE (When the services are held elsewhere than at the grave (without burial) formations will be maintained as nearly as possible to those of the foregoing burial ritual, and the commander shall omit the committal service beginning with the words "the Master saith."

A short, appropriate address should be given by the chaplain followed by the benediction, or an assisting minister may give this address and benediction.

Note: The chief and his staff must exercise judgment to fit the services in this Ritual to the occasion in all instances, varying only as exceptional circumstances demand. If the prescribed formation cannot be used owing to setting of the casket the commander will inform his members where to take station before the exercises begin. No man should take part unless he can render it creditably. Rather appoint a substitute who can do it well. If volley firing is objected to omit that part of the ceremonial. Always conform to the wishes of the relatives in charge. Let no mistake mar the solemnity of this beautiful service.

Sample # 8

Sample # 9

Sample # 10

427

Cremated Remains Service

When remains are cremated and the ashes interred with military honors, the foregoing instructions will govern, with necessary modifications.

Military regulations provide that where the cremated remains are carried by hand one man will be detailed to carry the receptacle containing the ashes. Four (4) other men will function as bearers of the Flag of the United States.

When the receptacle containing the ashes is carried from the conveyance into the chapel, from the chapel to conveyance, or from the conveyance to the grave, the flag bearers follow with the flag folded in proper manner and carried by the leading flag bearer on the right.

When the receptacle has been placed on the stand before the chancel of the chapel, or in the conveyance, the folded flag is placed beside the receptacle. If the caisson is equipped with casket container for the receptacle, the open flag is laid upon the container as prescribed for a casket.

When the remains of the deceased are conducted to a crematory and the ashes are to be interred with military honors later, the ceremony consists only of the escort to the crematory. Arms are presented as the remains are borne into the crematory. The firing of volleys and the sounding of Taps are omitted. However, if the funeral ceremony is held at the crematory and no further military honors are anticipated, the volleys may be fired and Taps sounded at discretion of the commanding officer.

428

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

429

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

430

Chapter 20 Chapter 20: Suggestions on Preparing an Emergency Service Eulogy

SUGGESTIONS ON PREPARING AN EMERGNCY SERVICE EULOGY

The remarks should be both comforting and respectful. A eulogy is for the living, most importantly for family and close friends. If you are asked to deliver a eulogy for a fallen emergency service worker from a department, here are a few guidelines that may help you gather your thoughts and prepare a fitting tribute.

Research

Get the key facts—age, nickname, names of family members and closest friends, timeline of key events in the person’s life, personal and professional accomplishments, honors and awards received.

Ask friends and family members for stories that illustrate how they want to remember their loved one. If you use one of these stories, remember to acknowledge the source. For example, “Jim’s daughters told me…” or “Ann’s father reminded me that …”

Include information about the emergency service worker’s character and personality. What was the emergency service worker proudest of in his or her life? For what would he or she want to be remembered?

If you knew the emergency worker, include personal anecdotes and memories.

If you did not know the emergency service worker personally, say that! Speak with people who did, especially those who shared years of friendship and memories.

431

Organize

You may want to use a theme to tie your presentation together. For example, “Jack loved adventure,” or, “In everything he did, Don reached out to help other people.”

It may help to put your ideas on note cards and then arrange them in a logical order for your presentation.

Draft

Begin by expressing your condolences and the department’s sense of loss.

Acknowledge family members, including spouse or significant other, children, parents, siblings, and close friends.

Focus on the person’s life, not the circumstances that lead to the death.

Include funny stories. Even in the midst of deep grief, it is important to smile. And remember to mention the source of the story, if appropriate.

Include a statement of support from the department. Acknowledge the department member who is acting as the liaison for the family. The department must follow through on any promised support, so only promise what you can ensure will be delivered.

Have a printed copy of the final eulogy ready for the family and others who may want a copy.

Practice

Review your remarks carefully before the service. If you are nervous about speaking in front of other people, practice speaking in front of someone you trust to give you honest, supportive feedback.

It is okay to show emotion!

Have a back-up plan so someone else can take over if you cannot finish speaking.

Be prepared to adjust your planned remarks. Before you speak, another person may use some of the same stories or information. Acknowledge this or have other stories ready.

432

Above all, remember not everyone is a great orator. However, families will remember the sincerity of your words and your kindness forever.

EULOGY EXAMPLE

The following is an example of a eulogy. Read by a dear friend and fellow firefighter of the deceased. - The deceased was a______year old volunteer firefighter who gave his life while attempting to ______. In the process, the ______was rescued through the deceased's efforts.

'Tragedy" is an event that many people assume to become routine for the professionals of firefighting. This past ______, many of us suddenly recognized new meaning to that term.

The scales that we weigh success with, the measures we pose to determine our efforts, the evaluations we use to score our potential, and the graphs we form to portray our triumphs, all crumbled as we viewed with vivid reality this tragic moment in our lives. The entire community, friends, and fellow firefighters were shocked as the news quickly spread.

This morning as we gather here to pay our respects, share the sorrow, and express our appreciation for______, I want us to focus on the purpose and efforts of his life as well as the circumstances of this fateful dilemma.

______was born ______, ______in ______. He spent most of his early life in the _____. When he married, it was his desire to live in the rural atmosphere. He moved to ______and became interested in ______. He also worked for the______. He was totally involved, with his family, in the civic events of this community. On his application to the fire department he wrote, I have a desire to serve the people of this area, and become involved in helping others." I did not have to search long for a term that described as I prepared for today. To me, he was a very Selective Man. He carefully chose the people he wanted to be his friends. He carefully considered what he wanted to do and how his time was going to be spent.

As you talked with ______you would notice he was cautious with his responses. He would often hesitate with answers as if he might be evaluating how they would affect everyone else involved. On occasions some of us might have been quick, sharp, unkind, or even nasty; toward a given situation.______attitude would have appeared much more sympathetic.

433

______loved his family and spent time doing things they enjoyed, as he found pleasure in his own life. A couple of weeks ago I spent the early hours one morning with him ______. As we finished and were walking together he said, "It sure is a beautiful day." I don't remember my reply, and then he said, "I don't understand people who hate to get up in the morning." It was an expression that showed his love for being able to do things.

A few months’ ago ______was faced with a decision that would have limited his opportunities to serve the fire department. We discussed the situation at great length. His final comment went something like this: "I've got to decide where I can do the most good for others, even if I can't be the happiest." Again this showed the selectivity of his attitude.

When the alert was sounded for this ______, I'm sure ______realized more than most what was ahead, as he thought to bring his ______gear to the scene, and did not hesitate to prepare himself to do all he could disregarding the hazards. Every emergency incident carries with it certain risk factors. However, it never entered any of our minds that this would be ______Last Alarm.

The dilemma which the combined crews faced last ______at times... Appeared to have no comprehendible solution and yet a constant vigil and unrelenting efforts came from so many people. What at one moment appeared as a stopping point suddenly seemed to take on new stamina, as everyone surged to a revitalized purpose, as we realized the sacrifice one of our people had made.

The family of ______asked me to express their greatest appreciation for the efforts made by everyone, as they too, feel the pain all of us share in losing Firefighter ______. Chief and the firefighters of this community express their gratitude for the cooperation and assistance extended to them and for your courtesies this day.

When I first talked with ______, his wife, after revealing what had happened, she asked, "How is _____ doing?" I gave her a brief report and she said, “______certainly would be pleased to know he is going to be O.K."

All of us have to deal with uncertainties in life. You who are involved in emergency services realize and have to face them routinely. But I want to remind all of you, that for each of us, our days are numbered; death is a certainty, an event that all our living moments prepare us for. We need to utilize each opportunity as a preparation for our final day.

434

______years were short here on earth, only twenty-five (25) years old, but he was given opportunities some of us will never have, and we will have occasions that never came his way. Each of us must use our situations as we prepare our own lives for eternity. I would like to quote for you a Fireman's Prayer by an unknown author. It has reminded many of us of the certainties and the inevitable as well as the unsure and fateful occasions we face.

When I am called to duty God, Where ever flames may rage, Give me the strength to save some life, Whatever be its age. Help me embrace a little child, Before it is too late, Or save an older person from the horror of that fate. Enable me to be alert, And hear the weakest shout, And quickly and efficiently. To put the fire out. I want to fill my calling Lord, To give the best in me. To guard my every neighbor and Protect his property. And if according to my fate. I am to lose my life, Please bless with your protecting hand, My children and my wife.

In my closing remarks, I would like to say thank you to ______wife ______, his ______children, ______and ______, to his parents and other relatives, and to God, his creator, for having shared a portion of his life with each of us. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.

435

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

436

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

437

Chapter 21

Chapter 21: Poems and Other Readings to

Be Read at ESW’s Funerals or Memorials

A Fire Captain’s Prayer

A Fire Captain's Prayer

Dear God, Please guide me in my plight. Help me think quickly, but safely. Guild my hand to help those who are seeking knowledge. Give me the wisdom, to help the injured and the weak. To help those who have no thrive for life. Grant me the strength to fight the fire with assertive skill. And God please grant me the ability to return home, to my family. And, if in your wisdom I may give my life, protect them from harm, no matter what the foe. Amen

438

The Last Alarm

My father was a fireman, he drove a big red truck And when he'd go to work each day he'd say "Mother, wish me luck" Then dad would not come home again until sometime the next day But the thing that bothered me the most was the things some folks would say A fireman's life is easy, he eats and sleeps and plays, and sometimes he won't fight a fire for many, many days When I first heard these words I was young to understand But I knew when people had trouble Dad was there to lend a hand

Then my father went to work one day and kissed us all goodbye but little did we realize that night we all would cry My father lost his life that night when the floor gave way below And I wondered why he'd risked his life for someone he did not know But now I truly realize the greatest gift a man can give is to lay his life upon the line so that someone else might live so as we go from day to day and pray to God above Say a prayer for your local fireman He may save the ones you love

439

EMT Prayer

As I perform my duty lord whatever maybe the call Help to guide and keep me safe from the dangers big and small. I want to serve and do my best no matter what the scene, I pledge to keep my skills refined, My judgment, quick and keen. This calling to give to myself, most do not understand, But i am ready all the time to help my fellowman. To have the chance to save a child Restore his laughter with glee, A word of thanks I might not hear. But knowing is enough for me. The praise of men is fine for some, But i truly feel blessed, That you oh lord, have chosen me to serve in the EMS.

440

EMT/Paramedic Poem

Sorry if we woke you in the middle of the night But someone in your neighborhood is fighting for his life. Sorry if we block the road and make you turn around, But there's been a bad wreck with dying children on the ground. When you see us coming you'll understand Let us have the right-of-way - someone needs a helping hand Sometimes a child is choking, sometimes a broken leg. Sometimes a heart stops beating, and when we get there it's too late. So if you see us crying when we think we're alone You'll know we had a "bad" one and we're feeling mighty down. We don't do it for the money -- you know we don't get paid. We don't do it for the glory but for a life that might be saved. Somewhere deep within us our souls are crying out "We're here to help our neighbors in their hour of pain and doubt." God gave us something special to help us see you through We do it 'cause we love you, and we care about you too.

441

EMS……..

EMS...

EMS is more than a job, it's a dedication, a lifestyle, a commitment. It's the hope that we may make a difference in someone's chance for life. Regardless of the struggles or how hard the strife. It's a dedication to your patients, for their health and well-being. It's a hand to catch their fall, without them even seeing. It's a lifestyle we chose to live, no sleep and half eaten meals, it's time given up with our families so your wound we may heal. It's the commitment that we will be there, when you're hurt, scared, and all alone, it's the hope your life may be better through the compassion that we've shown.

442

Just Doing My Job

As I search though the smoke and flames my bell on my air pack goes off I have five minutes left to search for the 2 year old boy i was sent in to get. I search and search through the endless room When suddenly i hear a little voice weeping in the closet. I head toward the closet calling for my fellow firefighter to come and help. I open the door and find a little boy sitting in there holding a teddy bear. I take off my mask and give him the air that I have left And I put him under my arm and follow the hose back to a window Where I smash out a window to get help. The ladder truck swings it ladder toward me. I finally get to the ground where I am asked if I am a hero. I say no...just doing my job sir. Then I run back to help fight the fire. Author: Shane LaFord

443

I Wish You Could • I Wish You Could

• I wish you could see the sadness of a business-man as his livelihood goes up in flames, or that family returning home, only to find their house and belongings damaged or destroyed.

I wish you could know what it is like to search a burning bedroom for trapped children, flames rolling above your head, your palms and knees burning as you crawl, the floor sagging under your weight as the kitchen beneath you burns.

I wish you could comprehend a wife’s horror at 3 a.m. as I check her husband of 40 years for a pulse and find none. I start CPR anyway, hoping to bring him back, knowing intuitively that it is too late. But wanting his wife and family to know everything possible was done.

I wish you knew the unique smell of burning insulation, the taste of soot filled mucus, the feeling of intense heat through your turnout gear, the sound of flames crackling, the eeriness of being able to see absolutely nothing in dense smoke ~ sensations that I have become too familiar with.

I wish you could understand how it feels to go to work in the morning after having spent most of the night, hot and soaking wet at a multiple alarm fire.

I wish you could read my mind as I respond to a building fire. “Is this a false alarm or a working, breathing fire? How is the building constructed? What hazards await me? Is anyone trapped? Or to an EMS call, “What is wrong with the patient?” Is it minor or life threatening? Is the caller really in distress or is he or she waiting for us with a 2x4 or a gun?

I wish you could be in the emergency room as a doctor pronounces dead the beautiful five-year-old girl that I tried to save during the past 25 minutes. Who will never go on her first date or say the words “I love you, Mommy” again.

I wish you could know the frustration I feel in the cab engine, the driver with his foot pressing down hard on the pedal, my arm tugging again and again at the air horn chain, as you fail to yield the right of way at an intersection or in traffic. When you need us, however, your first comment upon our arrival will be, “It took you forever to get here!”

444

I wish you could know my thoughts a s I help extricate a girl of teenage years from the mangled remains of her automobile. “What if this was my sister, my girlfriend, or a friend? What were her parents’ reaction going to be when they opened the door to find a police officer with hat in hand?

I wish you could know how it feels to walk in the back door and greet my parents and family, not having the heart to tell them that I nearly did not come back from the last call I was on. I wish you could feel the hurt as people verbally and sometime physically, abuse us or belittle what I do, or as they express their attitudes or “It will never happen to me.”

I wish you could know the brotherhood and self-satisfaction of helping save a life, or preserving someone’s property, of being there in time of crisis, or creating order from total chaos.

I wish you could understand what it feels like to have a little boy tugging at your arm and asking. "Is Mommy okay?" Not even being able to look in his eyes without tears from your own and not knowing what to say. Or to hold back a long-time friend who watches his buddy having rescue breathing done on him as they take him away in the ambulance. You know all along he did not have his seat belt on ~ Sensations I am too familiar with.

Unless you have lived with this kind of life, you will probably never truly understand or appreciate who I am, we are, or what our job really means to us

……I WISH YOU COULD.

445

One White Rose

A call for help goes out at three, Setting off pagers all over town. Somewhere, an unknown 1050 And the dispatcher cannot calm down.

Rescuers leap out of their beds Leaving with no backward glances. They can only guess what's ahead As they leave in fire trucks and ambulances.

The ambulance departs the station As the dispatcher repeats the address. "The injured require extrication, And most of all ALS."

inside, they feel so empty, Not knowing what awaits. Also, unsettling urgency-- They're responsible for other's fates.

Dread reaches out icy claws As they hear the latest news. Officers are requesting the "jaws" And even more backup crews.

Firefighters are also on the way-- Hearts racing, a touch of fear. "Jaws of life, what's your ETA?" Less than a minute, now they're here.

The police were first on the scene Controlling and directing traffic And updating the rest of the team (Although the sight makes them sick.)

The scene is a wicked nightmare, Broken glass and plastic litter the ground. There's twisted metal everywhere And the odor of ETOH all around.

446

The images are horrifying, grotesque Lit by red and blue flashing lights. Worse than anyone had guessed-- It will haunt them of many nights.

One young man, on his way home, Didn't see the stop sign. The mini van he T-boned Couldn't move in time.

20 years old-too young to drink He'd said he was sober-- it was a lie. he left the party, his friends didn't think That he'd be DUI.

Crushed and slumped against the wheel Was the driver of the van. Dead of injuries he didn't feel, An innocent family man.

Crumpled against the passenger door Lay his broken and battered wife, Her cries faded and were no more As she passed out of this life.

A scream echoes on the icy breeze From out of a shallow grave Despite the efforts of the EMT's It will be a third life they cannot save.

Curled up in a heap The child is discovered in the wreck. He may have only been asleep-- Except for his broken neck.

The young driver staggers form his car, Bleeding from a cut on his arm. He watches the scene from afar As he's suffered no major harm.

An officer sees him standing there And gives him a breathalyzer test. Ignoring the boy's glassy stare Says; "Son your under arrest."

447

When hopes of survivors were almost gone And it seemed pointless to try They heard a sound that drove them on-- A weak and scared child's cry

She looked like a porcelain doll With pale hair and a button nose. Skin so white, body not hurt at all-- Like a lonely white rose.

They pulled her free and began care Of this child of barely three. Fortunately, she was unaware That she'd lost her family.

Hours later, the street is clean-- All traces of tragedy gone. Rescuers slowly depart the scene But memories don't fade with dawn.

The boy is taken to jail, Where he beats his fist against the tile. His mother cannot afford his bail, And so he'll remain until his trial.

His mother, with eyes downcast, Had tried to leave but he'd caught her. "What's wrong? What is it?" he'd asked. She cried and said "Vehicular Manslaughter."

For 17 years, the man had cried Consumed with guilt and sorrow. At times, he wished he had died So he wouldn't face another tomorrow.

At last, he was being released From years and years of Hell. The pain of the accident never ceased And never would, he could tell.

As soon as he was out, he found the graves Of the people he had killed. Their deaths haunted all his days And left a void that couldn't be filled.

448

He is laying flowers on the ground Next to each headstone. He hears a voice and spins around And discovers he's not alone.

Behind him is the one he didn't kill. He shares the anguish she knows. Drawn her against his will, He gives her One White Rose.

Author Unknown

449

Policeman’s 23rd Psalm

Policeman's 23rd Psalm (Author Unknown)

The Lord is my Shepherd, I shall not want, His comforting hand reduces fear to naught; He makes me walk through streets of crime, But He gives me courage and peace of mind.

He leads me by still waters in the path I trod, And He says in Romans I'm a "minister of God," He leads me in righteousness as He restores my soul, For His name's sake He keeps me whole.

When I walk through death's valley, right up to the door, I will fear no evil, for He comforts me more; For Thou art with me every step of the way, As thy rod and thy staff protect me each day.

He prepares a table, especially for me, As I work daily among life's enemies; He gives me authority to uphold the law, And He anoints my position in the midst of it all.

Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me, Each day of my life through eternity; As I long to hear Him say, "Well done...," When I lay down my life, my badge, and my gun.

450

The Thin Blue Line

THE THIN BLUE LINE --Kimberly A. Erb

There is a line the color of the sky on a clear afternoon

There is a line the hue of the ocean on a bright sunny day

There is a line the purest shade of a newborn's eyes awakening for the first time

There is a line that protects us from harm in all we do whether day or night

There is a line no one can penetrate no one can alleviate

There is a line made of those who choose to follow a calling many do not hear and still more do not comprehend

They choose to walk the path of fear, hate and mistrust taken by so few yet marked by so many

And when one leaves this line they leave a legacy but the line does not break for the remaining must still protect

451

There may be emptiness a loss, or sadness but never a hole not in this line

This line that holds the ghosts of the souls who have gone and the souls of the ghosts who will be THE THIN BLUE LINE

Police’s Officer Prayer

"Police Officer's Prayer"

When I start my tour of duty God, Wherever crime may be, as I walk the darkened streets alone, Let me be close to thee.

Please give me understanding with both the young and old. Let me listen with attention until their stories told. Let me never make a judgment in a rash or callous way, but let me hold my patience let each man have his say.

Lord if some dark and dreary night, I must give my life, Lord, with your everlasting love protect my children and my wife.

452

The 343

Ask any firefighter, and he will say And the Brothers all agree; We know that day, and it won't go away, When we lost our 343. Where were you when the Towers came down, The cry will be heard through the years; Where were you when the Twin Towers fell, And we realized our worst fears. The old man asked of the young boy he met, The lad looked up and answered politely, "My daddy's a fireman, and he died that day, But I still say a prayer for him nightly." The old man moved on, and he found a young girl, And he asked the same question of her, She answered so slow, "I don't think I know, For you see, I wasn't born yet sir."

But ask any firefighter, and he will know, The day, the time, and the year; For those of us who fight smoke and fire And have no time for fear. We know that day, and it won't go away, When we lost our 343.

So when you see a fire truck speeding by, Manned by the men who fight the fight, Or you hear a wailing siren, in the middle of the night, It seems so far away, on some lonely thoroughfare, Pause for just a moment, and think a silent prayer...

William Mackle FDNY Retired

453

Into the Fire

The sky was falling and streaked with blood I heard you calling me then you disappeared into the dust Up the stairs, into the fire I need your kiss, but love and duty called you someplace higher Somewhere up the stairs, into the fire

May your strength give us strength May your faith give us faith May your hope give us hope May your love give us love

You gave your love to see in fields of red and autumn brown You gave your love to me and lay your young body down Up the stairs, into the fire I need you near, but love and duty called you someplace higher Somewhere up the stairs, into the fire

May your strength give us strength May your faith give us faith May your hope give us hope May your love give us love

It was dark, too dark to see, you held me in the light you gave You lay your hand on me Then walked into the darkness of your smoky grave Up the stairs, into the fire I need your kiss, but love and duty called you someplace higher Somewhere up the stairs, into the fire

A song by Bruce Springsteen from the album "The Rising"

454

A Mother’s Cry

A Mother's Prayer

The alarm goes off, ready to go, all with no hesitation Time to save a soul or a home, straight to that destination

This prayer’s for my son, as that fire calls Protecting the innocent and fighting flaming walls

Guide him with your strength, the courage to pull him through Give him that breath of air, if he gets down to his last few

By chance he may get weak; do give him the will to stand Carry him as you said, your” Foot Prints in the Sand”

He will have to lift or ax a door today May your angels chip away, helping along the way

There’s always the unknown, of what they call "back draft" Secure your arms around him, and the others who have his back

Make way for him to listen, to hear that persons call If he gets blinded, give him sight, direct him down that hall

Determined to break a window, to rescue that angry dog Or fight the wild fires, to keep lands beauty how it belongs

Keep their team in motion, to know where one is at They’re taking turns in and out, of these fires that attack

When that duty’s done, he’ll have peace of mind You were right beside him; he now thanks you for your time

Lord I ask this of you, I pray you watch over him Help him always save the lives, then return him to me again.

Carolyn Kay Carr

455

The Police Officer’s Prayer to St. Michael

THE POLICE OFFICER'S PRAYER TO ST. MICHAEL Police Officer's Prayer to St. Michael

Saint Michael, heaven's glorious commissioner of police, who once so neatly and successfully cleared God's premises of all its undesirables, look with kindly and professional eyes on your earthly force.

Give us cool heads, stout hearts, and uncanny flair for investigation and wise judgment.

Make us the terror of burglars, the friend of children and law-abiding citizens, kind to strangers, polite to bores, strict with law-breakers and impervious to temptations.

You know, Saint Michael, from your own experiences with the devil that the police officer's lot on earth is not always a happy one; but your sense of duty that so pleased God, your hard knocks that so surprised the devil, and your angelic self-control give us inspiration.

And when we lay down our night sticks, enroll us in your heavenly force, where we will be as proud to guard the throne of God as we have been to guard the city of all the people. Amen.

456

A Paramedic Prayer Sample 1

"A Paramedic's Prayer"

As I perform my duty, Lord, Whatever be the call Help to guide and keep me safe, From dangers big and small.

I want to serve and do my best No matter what the scene, I promise to keep my skills refined, My judgment sharp and keen. This calling to give of myself, most do not understand, But I stand ready all the time to help my fellow man.

A word of thanks I might not hear, but knowing is enough, That I have helped just even one To go on to live and love.

457

A Paramedic’s Prayer Sample 2

A Paramedic's Prayer

Lord, You know what lies ahead of me this day.

The calls I will be asked to respond to, And those who find themselves in situations they never imagined And see no way out.

For them I humbly ask that you would speed me on with attending angels At my side guiding every decision and procedure

To all who plead and those who cannot, I pray to be a Good Samaritan As they look to me for help and rescue.

Help me to save as many as I can, And should mine be the last face they see, I pray they will have looked into eyes That reflected You love for them

In Jesus' Name Amen.

458

Paramedic’s Prayer Sample 3

Paramedic's Prayer

Dear Lord, let me receive the sick and traumatized with an open and giving heart. Give to my efforts success so that life may continue, if it be your will. Without you I cannot succeed.

Let me have no purpose except the glorification of life. Grant that the sick that you have placed in my care be abundantly blessed, and not one of them be lost due to any neglect on my part.

Help me to overcome any temporal weakness so that I may serve to my fullest capacity. Let me always reach out to all in joy, compassion and with a loving heart.

459

The Rookie Stopped

Stopped on a stair, breath arrested; Straining to hear, Through crackling fire; Staring to see, Through face mask and smoke; Searching for one missing, Short of air. Fear clutching legs and heart, Fear all around, Freezing action, Freezing thoughts. Advance below, Retreat above. Risk one’s own life? Breathe - Decide. Step down . . . To courage.

Wayne Ayling

460

The Firefighter’s Memorial Hymn

Leader: In fond remembrance gathered here today, Tribute to pay to firefighters passed away; Garlands of flowers placed upon the dead Brightest blossoms deck their quiet bed.

Member: When duty called, our firefighters would go, Ever undaunted, met the fiery foe. May guardian angels o’er them vigil keep, While they lie resting in eternal sleep

Chaplain: Father in heaven, guide us on our way, Through storm and sunshine to eternal day; And when our duty on earth is o’er Vouchsafe our journey to the gladden shore.

Chaplain: Blessing The Lord bless you and keep you The Lord make his face shine upon you and give you peace The Lord lift up the light of his presence upon you Now and always…Amen

Leader: Let us go forth renewed in the steadfastness of our faith.

All: Let us be strengthened through the unity, friendship and compassion of all in the firefighting service.

Closing Hymn: On Eagle’s Wings

461

Response: And He will raise you up on eagle’s wings, bear you on the breath of dawn, make you to shine like the sun, and hold you in the palm of His hand.

Only A Fireman

“Only A Fireman”

462

Why God Made Paramedics

Why God made Paramedics

When God made paramedics, He was into His sixth day of overtime. An angel appeared and said, "You're doing a lot of fiddling around on this one." God said, "Have you read the specs on this order?

A Paramedic has to be able to carry an injured person up a wet, grassy hill in the dark, dodge stray bullets to reach a dying child unarmed, enter homes the health inspector wouldn't touch, and not wrinkle his uniform."

"He has to be able to lift three times his own weight. Crawl into wrecked cars with barely enough room to move, and console a grieving mother as he is doing CPR on a baby he knows will never breathe again."

"He has to be in top mental condition at all times, running on no sleep, black coffee and half-eaten meals, and he has to have six pairs of hands."

The angel shook her head slowly and said, "Six pairs of hands...no way." "It's not the hands that are causing me problems," God replied. "It's the three pairs of eyes a medic has to have." "That's on the standard model?" asked the angel.

God nodded. "One pair that sees open sores as he's drawing blood, always wondering if the patient is HIV positive." (When he already knows and wishes he'd taken that accounting job)

463

"Another pair here in the side of his head for his partner's safety. And another pair of eyes here in front that can look reassuringly at a bleeding victim and say, "You'll be alright ma'am when he knows it isn't so."

"Lord," said the angel, touching His sleeve, "rest and work on this tomorrow." "I can't," God replied. "I already have a model that can talk a 250 pound drunk out from behind a steering wheel without incident and feed a family of five on a private service paycheck." The angel circled the model of the Paramedic very slowly. "Can it think?" she asked.

"You bet", God said. "It can tell you the symptoms of 100 illnesses; recite drug calculations in it's sleep; intubate, defibrillate, medicate, and continue CPR nonstop over terrain that any doctor would fear... and it still keeps it's sense of humor."

"This medic also has phenomenal personal control. He can deal with a multi-victim trauma, coax a frightened elderly person to unlock their door, comfort a murder victim's family, and then read in the daily paper how Paramedics were unable to locate a house quickly enough, allowing the person to die. A house that had no street sign, no house numbers, no phone to call back."

Finally, the angel bent over and ran her finger across the cheek of the Paramedic.

464

"There's a leak," she pronounced. "I told You that You were trying to put too much into this model." "That's not a leak," God replied, "It's a tear." "What's the tear for?" asked the angel.

"It's for bottled up emotions, for patients they've tried in vain to save, for commitment to that hope that they will make a difference in a person's chance to survive, for life." "You're a genius!" said the angel.

God looked somber.

"I DIDN'T PUT IT THERE" He said.

465

EMT Prayer Sample 1

EMT Prayer

LORD,

Grant me the wisdom so that I may treat those of your children that lay at my feet. Let my hands be gentle, sure and swift to impart to them your sacred gift.

Let me see only a patient's need not their color, race or creed. Help me always to be my best even when it's on my hours rest.

Grant me the insight to understand why patients of mine are going to die. Let me remember that when they do there is a wonderful life in Heaven with You.

Lord, if in the time of duty I should fall help my family to hold their heads tall. For it was You who decided that I should be one of your chosen few, an EMT.

466

EMT Prayer Sample 2

EMT Prayer

467

EMT/Paramedic Poem

468

When God Made Paramedics

When the Lord made Paramedics, he was into his sixth day of overtime when an angel appeared and said, “You’re doing a lot of fiddling around on this one.”

And the Lord said, “Have you read the specs on this order? A paramedic has to be able to carry an injured person up a wet, grassy hill in the dark, dodge straying bullet to reach a dying child unarmed, enter homes the health inspector wouldn’t touch, and not wrinkle his uniform.”

“He has to be able to lift 3 times his own weight, crawl into wrecked cars with barely enough room to move, and console a grieving mother as he is doing CPR on a baby he knows will never breathe again.”

“He has to be in top mental condition at all times, running on no sleep, black coffee, and half-eaten meals. And he has to have six pairs of hands.”

The angel shook her head slowly and said, “Six pairs of hands... no way.” “It’s not the hands that are causing me problems,” said the Lord. “It’s the three pairs of eyes a medic must have.”

“That’s on the standard model?” asked the angel.

The Lord nodded. “One pair that sees open sores as he’s drawing blood and asks the patient if they may be HIV positive,” (When he already knows and wishes he’d taken that accounting job.) “Another pair here on the side of his head for his partners’ safety. And another pair of eyes here in the front that can look reassuringly at a bleeding victim and say, “You’ll be alright, ma’am”, when he knows it isn’t so.”

“Lord,” said the angel, touching his sleeve, “rest and work on this tomorrow.”

“I can’t,” said the Lord. “I already have a model that can talk a 250 pound drunk out from behind a steering wheel without incident and feed a family of five on a public service paycheck.”

The angel circled the model of the paramedic very slowly. “Can it think?” she asked.

“You bet,” said the Lord. “It can tell you the symptoms of 100 illnesses, recite drug calculations in its sleep, intubate, defibrillate, medicate, and continue CPR nonstop over terrain that any doctor would fear... and it still keeps its sense of humor.

469

This medic also has phenomenal personal control;. He can deal with a multi-victim trauma, coax an elderly person to unlock their door, comfort a murder victim’s family, and then read in the newspaper how paramedics were unable to locate a house quickly enough, allowing the person to die. A house which had no street sign, no house numbers, no phone to call back.”

Finally the angel bent over and ran her hand across the cheek of the paramedic. “There’s a leak,” she pronounced. “I told you that you were trying to put too much into this model.”

“That’s not a leak,” said the Lord. “It’s a tear.”

“What’s the tear for?” asked the angel.

“It’s for bottled up emotions, for patients they’ve tried in vain to save, for commitment to that hope that they will make a difference in a person’s chance to survive, for life.”

“You’re a genius,” said the angel.

The Lord looked somber. “I didn’t put it there,” He said.

Author Unknown

470

A Police Officer’s Prayer

A POLICE OFFICER'S PRAYER Lord I ask for courage

Courage to face and Conquer my own fears...

Courage to take me Where others will not go...

I ask for strength

Strength of body to protect others And strength of spirit to lead others...

I ask for dedication

Dedication to my job, to do it well Dedication to my community To keep it safe...

Give me Lord, concern For others who trust me And compassion for those who need me...

And please Lord Through it all Be at my side...

--Author Unknown

471

A Fire Chief’s Prayer

A Fire Chief’s Prayer (In memory of ______, Chief, ______Fire Dept.) I am called to many duties, Lord And now I've been called home. I've had to leave the ones I love To stand before your throne. I'll not complain, it's not my way But there are some things I'll ask And please, Lord, grant them to me For the loved ones I hold fast. I dare to ask because I know How you've blessed in the past. I've learned to trust your grace, O Lord That's how I've come this far So now, O God, I humbly pray, Hear this Fire Chiefs prayer. Bless my wife and family--so often left alone, They knew where I was going and trusted you to bring me home. Well, now I'm home and wait for them Keep them within the faith--that one day, Someday, we'll be together in this place. And O dear God, bless my men I trained them as best I could. I tried to do your will with them. And lead them as You would. I need to know You're with them Lord Or else how can I stay And peacefully enjoy this place of endless day. This heaven where there is no night, No fire to kill and burn I guess that's why it's now my rest, my place, my turn. And Lord, be with my community. And keep it safe as it can be For all its folks are special, and very dear to me. They are all my friends, and by your grace I served them as best I could. So hear this Fire Chiefs prayer, 0 Lord. And grant it please--I already knew. You would. AMEN!

472

A Firefighter’s Prayer

A Firefighter's Prayer

Dear Lord: We call upon You for strength and guidance. Look kindly upon us in our needs. Teach us to look always to You for assistance, as our fellow citizens look to us. Give us courage, that we may impart courage to others. Make us studious, and give us pride and joy in our work. When the gong sounds, calling us to duty, give us speed and efficiency. As our siren wails, ride with us through the city streets, shielding us from danger. On the fire scene, may our officers and men always work as an honorable, courageous and victorious team. Walk with us through the terror of flame and explosion. May our hearts be always ready if we should be summoned before our Eternal Chief in the midst of our labors. Through our ministrations to our suffering fellowmen, we dedicate our lives humbly to Your praise and glory In joy or sorrow, we ask only that You may be pleased with our service, that when the Last Alarm shall have sounded for us, we may receive our eternal assignment with You. AMEN Author Unknown

473

A Firefighter’s Tear’s

A Firefighter's Tears The alarm rang, as it had so many times before. He was the first of the firefighters up and out, Awakened from his bed at the station By the clanging of the bell. Engine 12 pulled out of the hall, Dispatch paged another station. And all the firemen aboard the truck Were tensed with anticipation " It's gonna be a nice 'un, boys," He said as he donned his gear. And the young bucks smiled at him As they drew ever near. They turned onto his own street And he could see the fire's work He hoped their mother woke his kids To see their dad at work. His heart sank as he saw the home That he so dearly loved Going up in Smoke and Flames As he donned his gloves. Aggressively he hit the fire And searched the rooms above. And with a flare of personal vengeance He saved what remained of his home. As he left the world of flaming hell He saw his little girl He ran quickly to her side and said, "Honey, Daddy's here." He would never forget what next she said: As he held her close, "I love you, Daddy," she whimpered, And he began to weep. She died in his arms that night... The others, later on.... His comrades gave him their respects but his Family was gone. He sits alone at the station, now, There's no more spring in his step.

474

He stays detached from his fellows to avoid once again being hurt. He risks it all in fires, now, No more concerns for his safety. He has taken a solemn vow. He won't let it happen to another, as long as he's around.

475

Prayer for Police Officer

Prayer for Police Officers Anonymous Almighty God we pray to you In heaven up above Watch over our dear police officers And protect them with your love.

Please guide them as they keep us safe both day and night And hold them firmly in your care should danger come their way.

Give them true strength and courage As they serve til duty's end And one more thing to ask dear Lord Protect their family and their friends

476

The Final Inspection

The Police Officer stood and faced his God which for all must come to past. He hoped his shoes were shining just as bright as his brass.

"Step forward now officer, How shall I deal with you? Have you always turned the other cheek? To my church have you been true?"

The officer squared his shoulders and sighed. "No Lord, and I'll be straight Those who carry a badge can't always be a saint".

I've had to work most Sunday's and I'm sorry I kept silent, And sometimes I've been a little tough because the streets are violent.

But I never passed a cry for help just because I shook with fear And please, God forgive me, I've wept so many tears.

I know I don't deserve a place among the people here. They never wanted me around except to calm their fear.

If you've a place for me Lord, it needn't be so grand I never expected or had too much, so if you don't…I'll understand.

There was a silence about the throne where the saints had often trod And the officer waited quietly for the judgment of his God.

"Step forward now officer, you've borne your burdens well Come walk a beat on heaven's streets. You've done your time in hell."

Author unknown

477

Fallen

Fallen Rest now my fallen brother Lay soft your suffering back Rest well and forever Your memory shall not lack Rest your tired hands Wipe clean your weary brow Rest with St. Florian Your spirit now endowed Rest here your breaking heart We know you gave your all Rest easy, you’ve done your part You’ve answered your last call Rest knowing that in god we sought Oh lord, watch over another who just fell Rest assured your troubled thought As we ring the final bell.

Submitted by R. Hoffman, SSgt. USAF/MOANG, Firefighter, Rosecrans Airport, St. Joseph, Missouri

478

A Firefighter’s Pledge

A Firefighter's Pledge I promise concern for others. A willingness to help all those in need. Promise courage - courage to face and conquer my fears. Courage to share and endure the ordeal of those who need me. I promise strength - strength of heart to bear whatever burdens might be placed upon me. Strength of body to deliver to safety all those placed within my care. I promise the wisdom to lead, the compassion to comfort, and the love to serve unselfishly whenever I am called.

479

When Brave Men Cry

Into the bowels of Hell, these brave ones go To save the lives of those they do not know Guided by training & Camaraderie while overcoming fear They dare to go with only Guardian Angels near

Through the smoke and heat and gasses too They fight their fears when looking for you A life to save is their primary task Think of them with kindness is all they ask

The Cross of Malta is their chosen crest Love of another is the required test First to respond when all spells gloom They won't quit though it could be their own doom

These Fire Fighters have seen so much Burned and broken bodies, death, destruction and such They go back for more each and every day Because it's the lives they save that makes them stay

All for one and one for all You go - I go that is their call And in their quest, when some do fall The rest stand strong - still giving their all

The loss of a family member does take it's toll Cuts to the quick, down deep in your soul Heroes forever, when they die And that is when "BRAVE MEN CRY"

Thomas L Hart, Chaplain Cut-N-Shoot Volunteer Fire Department Retired Detroit Fire Fighter (Duty Disability)

480

A Fireman’s Life

A Fireman's Life

A fireman's life is one big surprise, Usually he laughs, sometimes he cries. There's always stress, toil and strife, Hoping he's good enough to save just one life.

His wife understands, when he misses dinner, If he runs out of church, don't think he's a sinner. Answering a call, is tops on his list, Regretting each one he's ever missed.

He tries and tries, but can't make us see, The happiest men, still work for free. Jumping from bed, fighting the cold, Knowing what to do, without being told.

He rushes to the station, jumps on a truck. Depending on skill, never on luck. Putting his life on the line, for an unknown friend, Hoping and praying, it won't be the end. "The Bravest Men in the World", the title is fitting, They all do their best, never come close to quitting. Next time you see them, all their lights blinking, Take just a minute, to think what they're thinking.

It's a hard job, so show them you care, And help them out, with a little prayer.

-- Daniel S. Driscoll. –

481

Fallen Hero

Off you went some life to save, But 'twas your own that you gave. Maybe in a building trapped, Or on the ground you collapsed. Help was there, it came so fast, but your life it is now passed. We press on, we do our job, there’ll be time soon for to sob. Then the day, a darkened sky, we must say our last goodbye. Now you\'re placed down in the ground, as all around make not a sound. Left behind a proud mother, a sister or a brother. A sad and tearful young wife, who must now go on with life. Children who don't understand, we must now help make them grand. Your memory must now go on, we must learn to carry on. Back to work we must now go, Inspired by your bright glow. Lives go on but yet we know, You've become our fallen hero. By Ryan Dennett

482

Prayer of the Firefighter

Prayer of the firefighter

Dear Lord As I'm laying here falling asleep. I ask you always my soul to keep.

All of the sudden, and out of the blue. I gotta get going, my day is not through. Someone is having, the worst day of their life. Please help me save, their husband or wife. Lord if a child, should need my care. I ask you to protect me, while I give them my air. Now lord I am ready, to jump up and go, in the heat of the summer, and cold of the snow. Please shield my brothers, they are family to me. We each know our job, and risks that will be. I pray that the building will hold up all around, but protect each of us, if it falls to the ground.

Someday I know Lord, you may sound my last call. Please give comfort and strength, to my loved ones and all. As I was saying I lay here, ready for rest. Please give me enough sleep, and I'll do my best!

Amen

Bill Rinehart Volunteer Firefighter Bronson, Michigan 05/24/2012

483

Volunteer Fireman

Volunteer Firemen

All over our country in communities and towns Big Red and Yellow trucks are setting around.

Each truck has a number painted on its side; it fills each of its members with a great deal of pride.

There's a closeness with members that's hard to explain it's a brotherhood of “Dancers with Flames".

You fight the fires you smell of smoke you're bone tired your clothes are soaked.

You do the job the best you can It's for your neighbors and your fellow man.

Now it's not easy being a fireman's wife knowing with each call your husband may risk his life.

You try not to worry the feeling you fight until he returns and you know he's alright.

The alarm goes off there’s a wreck down the road, you look in the car it’s a kid you know.

Mobile home on fire it’s all in flames there stands a family in the freezing rain.

Summer air is hot and dry Lightning strikes down from the sky Woods on fire Trucks must roll People counting on you to get it under control.

You volunteer your energy and your time but I don't think much about you until the house fire or accident is MINE!

Then comes a day and you answered a call that some of your members never came back from at all.

484

They may have laid their life down and you risk yours too. For someone they never knew But, you're firemen and that's what firemen do.

And when your life is over May God take you by the hand, He'll have a new job for you, cause Heaven won't be needing a FIREMAN!

485

Battling the Beast

Battling the Beast Author Unknown

Wearing blue coveralls, they sit sometimes for days, laughing, eating, joking...waiting for one sound, a siren that transforms them. They abandon their armchairs for overcoats of canvas and for rubber boots, their armor heavy and hot.

Instead of trading jokes they relay directions, and orders, and shout reports of the status of the enemy-- "FLAMES ARE VISIBLE" Fear and excitement grip the hearts of the freshest rookie to the oldest veteran as they jump into their steel Trojan horses perfect from polishing, washing, checking over and over-- they pray that they have made no mistakes. The driver navigates the craft through the city streets he knows as well as his family, dodging when possible those that get in the way, hoping those he can't avoid will see him first, the spot the enemy from blocks away-- the phoenix rises far above the trees, licking the sky.

They arrive at the scene, and again the battle cry is heard-- "FLAMES ARE VISIBLE" Smoke fills the air and their lungs as they approach, hoses snaking, crisscrossing, coming to life as they surge with water from yellow and red hydrants that suddenly become grotesque heads of Medusa. They kick open the doors, rubber from their boots leaving a print melted by the heat, and trickling over bubbling paint. Orange liquid flames roll through the building, slithering up and over the walls, breathing in and out with each puff of air.

With swords of water they charge and the war begins. They battle--nine or ten against one-- seemingly great odds. But the nine soldiers will win, emerging from the battlefield victorious as they always do, and eventually, they'll retire to their armchairs, thanking God that this time nobody was hit by the enemy fire...

486

Was It His Time

Helmet in hand, tear in my eye, This shouldn't have happened, this is the good-bye. Friend for so long, companion for years, Together we've shed blood, sweat and tears. You've been like my brother; you've been by my side, In bad times and good, you took them in stride. I knew we shouldn't have climbed up those stairs, But if anyone is up there, we would answer their prayers. I had a bad feeling, the first step I took; It wasn't the normal way that these calls had looked. I can't believe you're gone, what a horrible dream, This can't be happening, but I can still hear your scream. God why do these things happen, why must we lose, Such a great man, how do you choose? Why was it him God, was it his time, Why was it those stairs we had to climb?

Written By: Nathan Cleland

487

Creation of a Fireman

Creation Of A Fireman Author unknown

When the Lord was creating Firefighters, he was into his sixth day of overtime when an angel appeared and said, "Your doing a lot of fiddling around on this one."

And the Lord said "Have you read the specification on this person? Firefighters have to be able to go for hours fighting fires or tending to a person that the usual every day person would never touch, while putting in the back of their mind the circumstances. They have to be able to move at a second's notice and not think twice of what they are about to do, no matter what danger. They have to be in top physical condition at all times, running on half-eaten meals, and they must have six pairs of hands."

The angel shook her head slowly and said, "Six pairs of hands...no way."

"It's not the hands that are causing me problems, " said the Lord, "it's the three pairs of eyes a Firefighter has to have."

That's on the standard model? " asked the angel.

The Lord nodded. " One pair that sees through the fire and where they and their fellow Firefighters should fight the fire next. Another pair here in the side of the head to see their fellow Firefighters and keep them safe. And another pair of eyes in the front so that they can look for the victims caught in the fire that need their help."

"Lord" said the angel, touching his sleeve, " Rest and work on this tomorrow."

"I can't, said the Lord, "I already have a model that can carry a 250 pound man down a flight of stairs and to safety from a burning building, and can feed a family of five on a civil service paycheck."

The angel circled the model of the Firefighter very slowly, "Can it think?"

"You bet," said the Lord. It can tell you the elements of a hundred fires; and can recite procedures in their sleep that are needed to care for a person until they reach the hospital. And all the while they have to keep their wits about themselves. This Firefighter also has phenomenal personal control. They can deal with a scene full of pain and hurt, coaxing a child's mother into letting go of the child so that they can care for the child in need. And still they rarely get the recognition for a job well done from anybody, other than from fellow Firefighters."

Finally, the angel bent over and ran her finger across the cheek of the Firefighter. "There's a leak", she pronounced. "Lord, it's a tear."

488

"What's the tear for?" asked the angel.

"It's a tear from bottled-up emotions for fallen comrades. A tear for commitment to that funny piece of cloth called the American Flag. It's a tear for all the pain and suffering they have encountered. And it's a tear for their commitment to caring for and saving lives of their fellow man!"

"What a wonderful feature Lord, you're a genius" said the angel.

The Lord looked somber and said "I didn't put it there."

489

When God Made Police Officers

"When God Made Police Officers"

When the Lord was creating Police Officers, he was into his sixth day of overtime when an angel appeared and said, "You're doing a lot of fiddling around on this one."

And the Lord said, "Have you read the spec on this order? A Police Officer has to be able to run five miles through alleys in the dark, scale walls, enter homes the health inspector wouldn't touch, and not wrinkle his uniform. "He has to be able to sit in an undercover car all day on a stakeout, cover a homicide scene that night, canvass the neighborhood for witnesses, and testify in court the next day.

"He has to be in top physical condition at all times, running on black coffee and half-eaten meals. And he has to have six pairs of hands." The angel shook her head slowly and said, "Six pairs of hands... no way." "It's not the hands that are causing me problems, "said the Lord, "it's the three pairs of eyes an Officer has to have." "That's on the standard model?" asked the angel.

The Lord nodded. One pair that sees through a bulge in a pocket before he asks: "May I see what's in there, sir?" (When he already knows.) Another pair here in the side of his head for his partner's safety.

490

And another pair of eyes here in front that can look reassuringly at a bleeding victim and say: "You'll be all right ma'am." (When he knows it isn't so.)

"Lord," said the angel, touching his sleeve, "rest and work on this tomorrow." "I can't," said the Lord, "I already have a model that can talk a 250 pound drunk into a patrol car without incident and feed a family of five on a civil service paycheck." The angel circled the model of the police officer very slowly, "Can it think?" she asked.

"You bet," said the Lord. "It can tell you the elements of a hundred crimes; recite Miranda warnings in its sleep; detain, investigate, search, and arrest a gang member on the street in less time than it takes five learned judges to debate the legality of the stop... and still, it keeps its sense of humor."

"This officer also has phenomenal personal control. He can deal with crime scenes painted in hell, coax a confession from a child abuser, comfort a murder victim's family, and then read in the daily paper how law enforcement isn't sensitive to the rights of criminal suspects."

Finally, the angel bent over and ran her finger across the cheek of the police officer. "There's a leak, "she pronounced. "I told you that you were trying to put too much into this model." "That's not a leak," said the Lord, "it's a tear." "What's the tear for?" asked the angel. "It's for bottled-up emotions, for fallen comrades, for commitment to that funny piece of cloth called the American flag, and for justice." "You're a genius," said the angel. The Lord looked somber.

"I didn't put it there," he said.

491

Firefighter’s Glove

Firefighters Gloves

A Firefighters Gloves hold many things From elderly arms to a kids broken swing From the hands they shake and the backs they pat To the tiny claw marks of another treed cat At 2 am they are filled with chrome From the DWI who was on her way home And the equipment they use to roll back the dash From the family of 6 she involved in the crash

The brush rakes in spring, wear the palms out When the wind does a “90” to fill them with doubt The thumb of the glove wipes the sweat from the brow Of the face of a firefighter who mutters “What now?”

They hold inch and three quarters flowing one twenty five So the ones going in, come back out alive When the regulator goes; then there isn’t too much, But the bypass valve the eagerly clutch

The rescue equipment, the ropes, the C-collars; The lives they saved never measured in dollars Are the obvious things firefighters gloves hold Or, so that is what I’ve been always told

But there are other things Firefighters Gloves touch Those are the things we all need so much

The hold back the rage on that 3 am call They hold in the fear when you’re lost in a hall They hold back the pity, agony, sorrow They hold in the desire to “Do it tomorrow”

492

A gloves just a glove till it’s on firefighters Who work all day long just to pull an all-nighter And into the fray they charge without fear At the sound of a “Help” they think that they hear

When firefighter’s hands go into the glove It’s a firefighter who always fills it with love Sometimes the sorrow is too much to bear And it seeps the glove and burns deep “in there”

Off come the gloves when the call is done And into the pocket until the next call The hands become lonely and cold for a bit And shake just thinking of it

And they sit there so red eyed with their gloves in their coats The tears come so fast that the furniture floats They’re not so brave now; their hands they cant hide I guess it just means they are human inside

And though some are paid are others are not The gloves feel the same when it’s cold or it’s hot To someone you’re helping to just get along When you fill them with love, you always feel strong

And so when I go on my final big ride I hope to have my gloves by my side To show to St. Peter at the heavenly gate Cause as everyone knows, firefighters don’t wait.

Thank God

493

Hymn to the Fallen Heroes

Young and aged volunteer and career, man and woman of all races and colors, you left aching hearts behind

An eternal flame warms your names inscribed on cold, lifeless plaques around this stone cairn In the hearts you left behind your memories abide in undying gratitude

You asked nothing more You knew the risks, served without fear and paid the highest price

You embody a quality of which many only dream Your selflessness for others is now your eternal crown

O fallen comrades, give us all this quality that we may more fittingly prolong your memory

Anonymous June 1999 National Fallen Firefighter Memorial Emmittsburg, MD

494

The Last Alarm

495

What is a Fireman?

What is a fireman?

He is the guy next door - a man's man with the memory of a little boy. He has never gotten over the excitement of engines and sirens and danger.

He is a guy like you and me with wants and worries and unfulfilled dreams.

Yet he stands taller than most of us.

He is a fireman.

He puts it all on the line when the bell rings.

A fireman is at once the most fortunate and the least fortunate of men.

He is a man who saves lives because he has seen too much death.

He is a gentle man because he has seen the awesome power of violence out of control.

He is responsive to a child's laughter because his arms have held too many small bodies that will never laugh again.

He is a man who appreciates the simple pleasures of life - hot coffee held in numb, unbending fingers - a warm bed for bone and muscle compelled beyond feeling - the camaraderie of brave men - the divine peace and selfless service of a job well done in the name of all men.

He doesn't wear buttons or wave flags or shout obscenities.

When he marches, it is to honor a fallen comrade.

He doesn't preach the brotherhood of man.

He lives it.

Author unknown

496

The Fireman Poem The Fireman Poem

My father was a fireman. He drove a big red truck and when he'd go to work each day he'd say "Mother wish me luck".

Then Dad would not come home again 'til some time the next day. But the thing that bothered me the most was the thing's some folks would say.

"A fireman's life is easy, he eats and sleeps and plays, and sometimes he won't fight a fire for days and days and day's".

When I first heard these words I was too young to understand but I knew when people had trouble Dad was there to lend a hand.

Then my father went to work one day and he kissed us all goodbye but little did we realize that night we all would cry.

My father lost his life that night when the floor gave way below, I wondered why he'd risked his life for someone he did not know.

But now I truly realize the greatest gift a man can give is to lay his life upon the line so that someone else might live.

So as we go from day to day and we pray to God above, say a prayer for your local Firemen. They may save the one's you love.

Author unknown

497

United We Stand Clip Art

498

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

499

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

500

Chapter 22

Chapter 22: Sample of Personnel Information Sheets

Sample Personal Information Sheets

The following pages are for the member to fill out and check once a year or any time something change (like a divorce, etc.) These forms will be kept in members file locked up in the chief’s office. Everything on the forms will be CONFIDENTIAL. These forms will not be used expect if the member dies then they will be used to help the family members.

501

PERSONAL INFORMATION SHEET CONFIDENTIAL

FULL NAME______(Last) (First) (Middle)

ADDRESS______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

TELEPHONE # ( ______)______(Home)

( _____ ) ______(Work) ( _____ ) ______(Cell)

BIRTH PLACE______

AGE______BIRTH DATE______IN STATE

SINCE______COUNTY______SOCIAL SECURITY

#______LOCATION OF BIRTH CERT.

OR CITIZENSHIP PAPERS ______

SPOUSE’S NAME ______(Last) (First) (Middle) ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

MAIDEN NAME______

AGE ____ MARRIAGE PLACE______DATE ______

MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE. LOCATION ______

502

PREVIOUS SPOUSE #1

______(Last) (First) (Middle)

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

( ) LIVING ( ) DECEASED MARRIED FROM______to ______

PREVIOUS SPOUSE #2

______(Last) (First) (Middle)

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

( ) LIVING ( ) DECEASED MARRIED FROM______to ______

PREVIOUS SPOUSE #3

______(Last) (First) (Middle)

ADDRESS______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

( ) LIVING ( ) DECEASED MARRIED FROM ______to ______

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

503

EMPLOYER ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip)

DATE HIRED______

POSITION ______

SUPERVISOR______

PAST EMPLOYER ______

POSITION______

ADDRESS______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip)

EMPLOYED FROM ______to ______

504

FAMILY MEMBERS

FATHER'S NAME ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

PHONE # ______

DATE OF BIRTH______PLACE ______

MOTHER'S NAME ______

MAIDEN NAME ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

PHONE # ______

DATE OF BIRTH ______PLACE ______

FAMILY MEMBERS

RELATIONSHIP ______

NAME ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

PHONE # ______

DATE OF BIRTH______PLACE ______

505

FAMILY MEMBERS (cont.)

RELATIONSHIP ______

NAME ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

PHONE # ______

DATE OF BIRTH______PLACE______

RELATIONSHIP ______

NAME ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

PHONE # ______

DATE OF BIRTH______PLACE ______RELATIONSHIP ______

NAME ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number) ______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

PHONE # ______

DATE OF BIRTH______PLACE ______

506

FAMILY MEMBERS (cont.)

RELATIONSHIP ______

NAME ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number) ______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

PHONE # ______

DATE OF BIRTH______PLACE ______

RELATIONSHIP ______

NAME ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number) ______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

PHONE # ______

DATE OF BIRTH______PLACE ______

RELATIONSHIP ______

NAME ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number) ______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

PHONE # ______

DATE OF BIRTH______PLACE

507

PEOPLE WHO CAN HELP

O.S.F.M. REPRESENTATIVE ______PHONE # ( ) ______

LOCAL ASSOC. OR UNION REP. ______PHONE # ( ) ______

ATTORNEY______PHONE # ( ) ______

CLERGY ______PHONE # ( ) ______

SUPERVISOR OR EMPLOYER ______PHONE # ( ) ______

ESTATE EXECUTOR ______PHONE # ( ) ______

ACCOUNTANT ______PHONE # ( ) ______

INSURANCE AGENT ______PHONE # ( ) ______

PHYSICIAN ______PHONE # ( ) ______

- OTHERS - ______PHONE # ______PHONE # ______PHONE # ______PHONE # ______PHONE # ______PHONE # ______PHONE # ______PHONE # ______PHONE # ______PHONE # ______

508

RELIGIOUS PREFERENCE

I AM A MEMBER OF THE ______CHURCH.

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

PHONE # ______

CLERGY______

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

MILITARY SERVICE

BRANCH OF SERVICE ______

RANK______DATE OF ENTRY ______

DATE OF DISCHARGE ______

SERVICE #______"C" # ______

WAR VETERAN (yes) (no) IF SO, WHAT

WAR______TYPE OF DISCHARGE______

LOCATION CF DISCHARGE PAPERS (DD-214) ______

PROFESSIONAL, FRATERNAL AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS (include membership number)

______

509

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

PROFESSIONAL, FRATERNAL AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS (include membership number)

DOCUMENT LOCATION

BIRTH CERTIFICATE ______

MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE ______

WILL ______

DIVORCE DECREE ______

ADOPTION PAPERS ______

DISCHARGE PAPERS ______

TAX INFO & RETURNS ______

INSURANCE POLICIES

(1) ______

(2) ______

(3) ______

(4) ______

(5)______

TRUST DEEDS

(1) ______

(2) ______

(3) ______

510

MUTUAL FUNDS

(1) ______

(2) ______

STOCKS & BONDS

(1) ______

(2)______

(3) ______

TRUST FUND ______

PINK SLIPS______

RETIREMENT PAPERS ______

PLOT DEEDS ______

SAVINGS BOOKS ______OTHER IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS

______

511

INSURANCE INFORMATION (medical, life, disability, auto, homeowners)

COMPANY ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

TYPE OF INSURANCE______

POLICY NUMBER ______

BENEFICIARY ______

AGENT'S NAME ______PHONE # ______

COMPANY ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

TYPE OF INSURANCE______

POLICY NUMBER ______

BENEFICIARY ______

AGENT'S NAME ______PHONE # ______

512

COMPANY ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

TYPE OF INSURANCE______

POLICY NUMBER ______

BENEFICIARY ______

AGENT'S NAME ______PHONE # ______

COMPANY ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

TYPE OF INSURANCE______

POLICY NUMBER ______

BENEFICIARY ______

AGENT'S NAME ______PHONE # ______

513

COMPANY ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

TYPE OF INSURANCE______

POLICY NUMBER ______

BENEFICIARY ______

AGENT'S NAME ______PHONE # ______

514

SAFE DEPOSIT BOX

Some important records, papers and documents cannot be replaced if lost or destroyed. A safe deposit box is a good means of protection. However, CERTIFIED copies should be made and kept in the home or another safe and accessible place.

SAFE DEPOSIT BOX LOCATION______

BOX NUMBER ______KEY NUMBER ______

LOCATIONS OF KEYS ______

NAME OF PEOPLE HAVING ACCESS TO MY SAFE DEPOSIT BOX:

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

CONTENTS AS OF ______(date)

______

515

INTERESTS IN REAL ESTATE

DESCRIPTION______

LOCATION______

MORGAGED WITH ______

CO-OWNER (s) ______

DESCRIPTION ______

LOCATION ______

MORGAGED WITH ______

CO-OWNER(s) ______

DESCRIPTION______

LOCATION ______

MORGAGED WITH ______

CO-OWNER (s) ______

DESCRIPTION______

LOCATION ______

MORGAGED WITH ______

CO-OWNER(s) ______

DESCRIPTION ______

LOCATION ______

MORGAGED WITH ______

CO-OWNER(s) ______

DESCRIPTION______

LOCATION ______

516

MORGATED WITH ______

CO-OWNER(s) ______

DESCRIPTION ______

LOCATION ______

MORGAGED WITH ______

CO-OWNER(s) ______

DEFINITIONS OF TYPES OF PROPERTY

Listed below are simple definitions and not the full text of the laws that apply: COMMUNITY PROPERTY: Property, whether real or personal property, that is common owned in common husband and wife as a marital partnership. All property acquired during marriage from earnings while residing in California is community property.

SEPARATE PROPERTY: In California, a type of property owned "separately" by either husband or wife which is not community property. All property owned by either the husband or the wife BEFORE marriage or which was acquired after marriage by gift or inheritance is separate property.

QUASI-COMMUNITY PROPERTY: In California only, it is that property which is defined in Section 201.5 of the Probate Code, or that property which was acquired by a married couple while living outside California, and which, if acquired in California, would have been community property.

JOINT TENANCY: A form of ownership by two or more persons, sometimes expressed as "joint tenants with the right of survivorship." When a joint tenant dies, his interest in the property AUTOMATICALLY passes to the surviving joint tenant OUTSIDE OF PROBATE AND BEYOND THE POWER of the will of the deceased joint tenant. TENANCY IN COMMON: A form of ownership to real or personal property by two or more persons (not necessarily husband and wife). At death, a tenant in common has the right to dispose of his interest by his will to any one he./she chooses. Compare this to joint tenancy where, on the death of one tenant where, on the death of one tenant, the title automatically vests in the surviving tenant(s).

517

FINANCIAL PROFILE (list checking, savings, securities, bonds, trust, etc.)

BANK NAME ______ADDRESS ______TYPE OF ACCT. ______ACCT. # ______BANK NAME ______ADDRESS ______TYPE OF ACCT. ______ACCT. # ______BANK NAME ______ADDRESS ______TYPE OF ACCT. ______ACCT. # ______BANK NAME ______ADDRESS ______TYPE OF ACCT. ______ACCT. # ______BANK NAME ______ADDRESS ______TYPE OF ACCT. ______ACCT. # ______BANK NAME ______ADDRESS ______TYPE OF ACCT. ______ACCT. # ______BANK NAME ______ADDRESS ______TYPE OF ACCT. ______ACCT. # ______BANK NAME ______ADDRESS ______TYPE OF ACCT. ______ACCT. # ______BANK NAME ______ADDRESS ______TYPE OF ACCT. ______ACCT. # ______

518

PERSONAL DEBTS (loans, credit cards, revolving credit, etc.)

COMPANY ______TYPE OF ACCOUNT ______ACCT. # ______COMPANY ______TYPE OF ACCOUNT ______ACCT. # ______COMPANY ______TYPE OF ACCOUNT ______ACCT. # ______COMPANY ______TYPE OF ACCOUNT ______ACCT. # ______COMPANY ______TYPE OF ACCOUNT ______ACCT. # ______COMPANY ______TYPE OF ACCOUNT ______ACCT. # ______COMPANY ______TYPE OF ACCOUNT ______ACCT. # ______COMPANY ______TYPE OF ACCOUNT ______ACCT. # ______COMPANY ______YPE OF ACCOUNT ______ACCT. # ______COMPANY ______YPE OF ACCOUNT ______ACCT. # ______COMPANY ______TYPE OF ACCOUNT ______ACCT. # ______COMPANY ______TYPE OF ACCOUNT ______ACCT. # ______COMPANY ______TYPE OF ACCOUNT ______ACCT. # ______COMPANY ______TYPE OF ACCOUNT ______ACCT. # ______

519

DISABILITY AND DEATH BENEFITS

On the next few pages we are providing a partial list of benefits to which you, your spouse and/or designated beneficiaries may be entitled. There is space available to add any benefits that you may have from your job or a private carrier. Remember that usually all benefits must be filed for and are not automatic. Many thousands of dollars in benefits are lost each year because the beneficiaries are not aware of a benefit or did not file for it. When filing for benefits contact your local representative, L.C.F.R.A. representative and/or lawyer to assist you in taking all of the proper steps and filing for all entitlements. As fire service personnel our employer must provide you with workers' compensation whether they contract with a state agency or are self- insured. This is a very complicated process and we recommend that you contact legal assistance as soon as possible.

* DO NOT GIVE OR SIGN STATEMENTS ABOUT AN INJURY WITHOUT LEGAL COUNSEL.*

Procedures to follow in case of injury:

1. Prepare and file all proper reports with your employer as soon as possible after the injury even if there was no medical attention or time off. 2. Keep a copy of all reports and statements for your own files. 3. Use caution when discussing the specifics of the injury with anyone without consulting legal advice. Be as brief as possible with your statements. 4. Be sure that all injuries are noted in daily journals. 5. Keep notes as to the events surrounding the incident (i.e., dates, expenditures, etc.). 6. Contact your local/OSFM. representative or attorney if you need to file a claim.

IF JOB RELATED if disabled due to job-related injury or disease, you will need to contact local OSFM / Key Risk (Workers Comp) representative for help in determining benefits. Volunteer firefighters, disabled or killed as a result of job related injury or disease will need to contact local OSFM / Key Risk (Workers Comp) representative for help in determining benefits.

NON-JOB RELATED if disabled off the job, you may use your sick leave, vacation, comp time. You may also be entitled to: ordinary disability retirement or balance of contribution -Long term disability (from employer, or private) -Accidental death &.dismemberment (same) need to contact local OSFM / Key Risk (Workers Comp) representative for help in determining benefits.

520

IN THE EVENT OF DEATH

In the case of a member's death, the family or beneficiary should immediately contact a local or OSFM representative to assist with arrangements, benefits, etc. No statements should be given out as to the specifics of the death before consulting with a representative. Your local department or organization should be committed to assist. You should have available this Preplan and all of the documents referred to herein.

DEATH BENEFITS

The following is a list of the possible death benefits available to qualified personnel. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

AGENCY: State Workers' Compensation (local address & phone #) ______(______) ______

SUMMARY: Insurance provided by your employer through a state agency or self-insured that is required by state law. This benefit is often coordinated with the PERS benefits.

FUNERAL ARRANGEMENTS

I HAVE MADE OR WOULD LIKE ARRANGEMENTS MADE WITH: (name of mortuary, crematory, etc.)

NAME ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

PHONE # (______) ______

PERSON IN CHARGE OF ARRANGEMENTS______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

PHONE # (______)______

521

MY CEMETERY PLOT IS AT ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

PHONE # (______)______

MY CEMETERY DEED IS IN NAME OF______SECTION ______

LOT______BLOCK______PLOT______

THE PLOT IS PAID IN FULL ( ) yes ( ) no

CEMETERY DEED IN FILED AT ______

I WISH TO HAVE: (check all that applies) ( ) TRADITIONAL BURIAL

Type of coffin ______

Open casket: yes ( ) no ( ) Crypt ( ) Vault ( ) ( ) CREMATION

Disposition of ashes ______

OTHER______

522

FUNERAL ARRANGEMENTS (cont.)

I BELONG TO (Lodge/Organization) ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

PHONE (_____) ______

I WISH TO HAVE A SPECIAL SERVICE FROM THEM yes ( ) no ( )

I WOULD LIKE MEMORIAL CONTRIBUTIONS IN MY NAME SENT TO: ______

______

I WOULD LIKE THE FOLLOWING AT MY FUNERAL: ( ) Vocals: ( ) male ( ) female

NAME______

Vocal selections ______

( ) Organ music: Organ selections

______

( ) Hymns Hymn selections:

______

( ) Flowers: Type of arrangements

______

CLOTHING INSTRUCTIONS:______

OTHER INSTRUCTIONS: ______

523

A LIVING WILL

A living will is designed instructions as to your wishes should you become unable to make any decisions due to illness or trauma. It is not designed to be used after death. Only a standard will can do this. A living will can be used to determine your financial path, care for your children or use of life support. If a living will is made, it is best to consult an attorney for proper wording. The following is some considerations to be made for make a living will.

1. Sign and date before two witnesses not related to yourself by blood or marriage and who would not be entitled to any portion of your estate upon your death under any will or codicil thereto then existing, or at the time of the execution of this directive, by operation of law then existing. In addition, a witness to this directive shall not be the attending physician, an employee of the attending physician or a health facility in which you are a patient, has a claim against any portion of your estate upon your death. (This is to insure that you signed of your own free will and not under duress.)

2 If you have a doctor, give him/her a copy of your medical file and discuss it with him/her to make sure he/she is in agreement. Give copies to these most likely to be concerned "if the time comes when you can no longer take part in decisions for your own future." Enter their names on the bottom line of the Living Will. Keep the original nearby, easily and readily available.

3. Above all, discuss your intentions with those closest to you, ASAP!

4. It is a good idea to look over your Living Will at least once a year and rebate it and initial the new date to make it clear that your wishes are unchanged.

5. Under current California statutes, in order for a Living Will to continue its effectiveness it must be redone and signed anew each five years.

* The next page is an example of a Living Will.

524

A LIVING WILL (cont.)

Directive made this day of ______, 19 _____ I, ______being of sound mind, willfully, and voluntarily make know my desire that my life shall not be artificially prolonged under the circumstances set forth below, do hereby declare: 1. If at any time I should have an incurable injury, disease or illness certified to be a terminal condition by two physicians, and where the application of life-sustaining procedures would serve only to artificially prolong the moment of my death and where my physician determines that my death is imminent whether or not life-sustaining procedures are utilized, I direct that such procedures be withheld or withdrawn, and that I be permitted to die naturally.

2. In the absence of my ability to give directions regarding the use of such life- sustaining procedures, it is my intention that this directive shall be honored by my family and physician(s) as the final expression of my 1egal right to refuse medical or surgical treatment and accept the consequences from such refusal.

3. I understand this directive shall have no force or effect five years from the date filled in above.

4. I understand the full import of this directive and I am emotionally and mentally competent to make this directive.

(Signed)______

Resident of ______(city, county, state)

The declarant has been personally known to me and I believe him/her to be of sound mind.

Witness ______

525

WILL INFORMATION

A will is beneficial in directing what becomes of your estate, your children and how your estate is handled in the event of your death. By not having a will you in effect elect the courts to handle these decisions for you. A will can afford you the following advantages. The efficient and economical settlement of your estate. Property distribution according to your wishes. Estate administration by persons of your choice. The selection of who will care for your minor children. Proper handling of your children's finances. Therefore it is our recommendation to contact an attorney and begin pulling together a will with a contingent trust for your family.

In addition to the advantages cited above, this type of Will gives your entire estate to your wife if she survives you and it avoids unnecessary loss if you both die in a common disaster. If your wife does not survive you, your estate will be placed in trust for the benefit of your children. The trust will pay income to your children and will permit the use of principal for their education as well as for emergencies. Finally, it will provide for the ultimate distribution of your property to your children at the age you feel is correct. I

(HAVE) (HAVE NOT) MADE A WILL.

LOCATION OF WILL ______

COPIES ARE WITH ______

______

ATTORNEY WHO DREW WILL ______

ADDRESS ______(Street Number)

______(City) (State) (Zip) (County)

DATE OF WILL ______

MY WILL NAME THE FOLLOWING: AS EXECUTORS AND TRUSTEES

______

AS GUARDIANS OF MINOR CHILDREN

______

526

LIVING TRUSTS

A living trust is created when a person who owns property (the Trustor), during his/her lifetime, transfers that property into the name of another (the Trustee) for the benefit of a third party (the Beneficiary). The big advance is that you don't need to have three different people to create one. All the parties can be one person, thus never giving up legal or equitable title to his property and will retain total control. At first glance, it seems to be foolish to make such a transfer since no real ownership interest has been changed by the creation of the trust. Nevertheless, the creator of the trust has established a vehicle which can by-pass probate.

If a person uses a Will to distribute his/her property upon death, generally a judicial action will have to be started to enforce the terms of the Will. The process of enforcing the Will by using the previously mentioned judicial procedure is called probate. There are certain cases where a person is entitled to use a relatively inexpensive summary probate procedure to distribute his/her property. Nevertheless, if a person has circumstances which would not qualify his/her for summary probate, a full judicial probate of the person's property would be required. Probate expenses are established by statue. In addition to filing fees and publication costs, the attorney and the executor of an estate are both entitled to fees based upon the value of the deceased person's assets as follows.

Property in living trust by-passes the probate process avoiding the probate expenses explained above. By transferring all or almost all of his/her property into a living trust, the creator of the trust dies with little or nothing in their name. Consequently, there is almost no property to probate and, therefore, little or no probate expense.

When the creator of the trust dies, the terms of the trust often provide for distribution of the property remaining in the trust at that time. At this point distribution of the property could occur just as if a person had a will. The person who is responsible to distribute the property is a successor trustee who is appointed in the trust document by the creator of the trust.

Another key advantage is that a trust can provide for control over assets given to minors and young adults. A living trust also provides for increased flexibility for a person who is or might become disabled.

Although a living trusts if not for everyone, but you should seek the advice of counsel who specializes in estate planning to see if a living trust meets your needs. Prices do vary from attorney to attorney, so check around for prices.

527

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

528

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

529

Chapter 23

Chapter 23: Sample of Medical History Information Forms and Physical Examination

Forms for each Firefighter

Occupational Medical and Physical Evaluation of Members for this chapter we followed the recommendations of NFPA 1582

This chapter is a guideline to help the fire department set a medical and physical examination program. A lot of the items listed in this chapter could be asked for during a serious injury or LODD investigation. If the information is there when something happens, it could help the meet the requirements that some insurances and the death survivor benefits need to help determine if the injury is covered or if it meets the definition of LODD.

General Information

The fire department shall establish and maintain a confidential occupational medical evaluation program for members. Occupational medical evaluations shall be conducted as a baseline for surveillance and annually thereafter. An occupational medical evaluation shall be performed following a member’s occupational exposure, illness, injury, or protracted absence from the job. The scope of that evaluation shall be determined by the fire department physician after reviewing the type and severity of the condition. The components of the medical evaluations shall conform to all applicable U.S. OSHA standards, including 29 CFR 1910.120, “Hazardous waste operations and emergency response,” 29 CFR 1910.134, “Respiratory protection,” 29 CFR 1910.95, “Occupational noise exposure,” and 29 CFR 1910.1030, “Bloodborne pathogens.”

530

Member Education Regarding Occupational Medical Evaluation Program. The fire department, the fire department physician, and member organizations where they exist shall be responsible to convey the purposes and importance of the annual occupational medical evaluation to members and to the AHJ. The purpose of the annual occupational medical evaluation of members shall include but cannot be limited to the following:

(1) Identifying conditions that interfere with a member’s physical or mental ability to safely perform essential job tasks without undue risk of harm to self or others (2) Monitoring the effects of exposure to specific biological, physical, or chemical agents on individual members (3) Detecting changes in a member’s health that can be related to harmful working conditions (4) Detecting patterns of disease or injury occurrence in the workforce that could indicate underlying work-related problems (5) Providing members with information about their current health, promoting wellness, and referring them for appropriate further evaluation and treatment (6) Providing members with information and education about occupational hazards (7) Providing a cost-effective investment in work-related disease prevention, early detection, and health promotion for members (8) Complying with federal, state, provincial, local, and/or other jurisdictional requirements

Timing of the Annual Occupational Medical Evaluation of Members. All members shall receive a baseline medical evaluation after hiring and prior to performing fire fighter emergency functions and at least annually thereafter. The baseline medical evaluation shall include the components of the annual occupational medical evaluation not performed as part of the candidate medical evaluation, provided the candidate medical evaluation was performed within the past 12 months. The annual evaluation shall be completed every 12 months (±3 months). Annual medical evaluations shall be compared to baseline and subsequent evaluations to identify clinically relevant changes. The interval requirements for performance of the annual occupational medical evaluation shall not preclude more frequent medical evaluations of members for new or recurring conditions when requested by the member, fire department physician, or AHJ.

Components of the Annual Occupational Medical Evaluation of Members. All components listed shall be included in the baseline and annual occupational medical evaluations of members. It shall be acceptable for certain components of the annual occupational medical evaluation to be performed by a member’s private physician, provided full results are forwarded in the required time frame to the fire department physician. Each medical evaluation shall include a medical history (including exposure history), physical examination, blood tests, urinalysis, vision tests, audiograms, spirometry, chest x-ray (as indicated), electrocardiogram, cancer screening (as indicated), and immunizations and infectious disease screening (as indicated). Tests for illegal drugs shall not be performed as part of the annual medical evaluation.

531

Medical History. A medical history questionnaire shall be completed by each member to provide baseline information with which to compare future medical concerns. An annual medical history questionnaire, which includes changes in health status and known occupational exposures since the previous annual evaluation, shall be completed by each member to provide follow-up information. Information on the questionnaire and interval concerns shall be reviewed with each member by the fire department physician or designated medical evaluator.

Physical Examination. The annual physical examination shall include each of the following components:

(1) Vital signs (2) Head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat (HEENT) (3) Neck (4) Cardiovascular (5) Pulmonary (6) Breast (7) Gastrointestinal (includes rectal exam for mass, occult blood) (8) Genitourinary (includes pap smear, testicular exam, rectal exam for prostate mass) (9) Hernia (10) Lymph nodes (11) Neurological (12) Musculoskeletal (13) Skin (includes screening for cancers) (14) Vision

Ancillary Tests.

Blood Tests. Blood tests shall be performed annually and shall include the following:

(1) CBC with differential, RBC indices and morphology, and platelet count (2) Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl, HCO3, or CO2) (3) Renal function (BUN, creatinine) (4) Glucose (5) Liver function tests (ALT, AST, direct and indirect bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase) (6) Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, clinically useful lipid ratios (e.g., percent LDL), and triglycerides (7) Prostate specific antigen (PSA) after age 40 for positive family history, if African American, or if otherwise clinically indicated; after age 50 for all other male members

532

Urine Laboratory Tests. The urine laboratory tests required shall include the following:

(1) Dipstick analysis for glucose, ketones, leukocyte esterase, protein, blood, and bilirubin (2) Microscopic analysis for RBC, WBC, casts, and crystals if indicated by results of dipstick analysis (3) Analysis for occupational chemical exposure if indicated

Audiology. Hearing thresholds shall be assessed annually in each ear at each of the following frequencies:

(1) 500 Hz (2) 1000 Hz (3) 2000 Hz (4) 3000 Hz (5) 4000 Hz (6) 6000 Hz (7) 8000 Hz

The fire department physician or other qualified medical evaluator shall compare audiogram results obtained during yearly evaluations with baseline and subsequent test results. Standard threshold shifts shall be corrected for age as permitted by OSHA.

Spirometry. Pulmonary function testing (spirometry) shall be conducted annually to measure the member’s forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and the FEV1/FVC ratio. The fire department physician or other qualified medical evaluator shall compare spirometry results obtained during yearly evaluations with baseline and subsequent test results. Results shall be corrected according to American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines and normative equations found in Knudson et al. (1983) and the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (2000). (See D.2.4.)

Chest Radiographs. Chest x-rays shall include an initial baseline and shall be repeated every 5 years or as medically indicated. The fire department physician or other qualified medical evaluator shall compare any chest radiographs with baseline and subsequent radiographs.

Electrocardiograms (EKG). Aresting EKG shall be performed as part of the baseline medical evaluation and shall be obtained annually thereafter. The fire department physician or other qualified medical evaluator shall compare EKGs obtained during yearly evaluations with baseline and subsequent EKGs. Stress EKG with or without echocardiography or radionuclide scanning shall be performed as clinically indicated by history or symptoms.

533

Mammography. Mammography shall be performed annually on each female member over the age of 40. A qualified radiologist shall compare mammograms to prior mammograms. The fire department physician shall compare mammography reports to prior reports.

Immunizations and Infectious Disease Screening. The following infectious disease immunizations or infectious disease screenings shall be provided, as indicated:

(1) Tuberculosis screen (PPD) — annually or more frequently according to CDC guidelines unless member has a history of positive PPD, in which case CDC guidelines for management and subsequent chest radiographic surveillance shall be followed (2) Hepatitis C virus screen — baseline and following occupational exposure (3) Hepatitis B virus vaccinations and titers—as specified in CDC guidelines (4) Tetanus/diphtheria vaccine — booster every 10 years (5) Measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR) — one dose of MMR vaccine to members born after 1957 without prior immunization and/or evidence of immunity as outlined in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 47(1998):1–57 (6) Polio vaccine —A single booster of IPV for members traveling to endemic areas in the line of duty, or as outlined in Morbidity and MortalityWeekly Report 49(2000):1–22 (7) Hepatitis A vaccine—offered to high-risk (HazMat, USAR, and SCUBA team members) and other personnel with frequent or expected exposures to contaminated water (8) Varicella vaccine—offered to all non-immune personnel (9) Influenza vaccine — offered to all personnel annually (10) HIV screening — available to all personnel

Pre-screening and immunization against biological threat agents shall be made available to members following CDC guidelines or recommendations. All members shall be immunized against infectious diseases as required by the AHJ and by 29 CFR 1910.1030. The fire department physician shall ensure that all members are offered currently recommended immunizations.

Post-Exposure Bloodborne Pathogen Testing. Physicians who care for members shall follow current CDC recommendations for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for bloodborne pathogen (BBP) exposures. There shall be a written protocol for members who present with BBP exposures.

HIV Testing. HIV testing shall be offered on a confidential basis as part of post-exposure protocols and as requested by the fire department physician or member. All results from HIV tests shall be provided directly to the member and shall be maintained by the physician as confidential documents.

534

Results from HIV tests shall not be forwarded to any local, state, provincial, national, or international authorities or databases unless mandated by public health statutes.

Heavy Metal Evaluation. Baseline testing for heavy metals shall be required when indicated by known exposure or substantial risk. Evaluations shall be performed following known exposures, for recurrent exposures, or where required under federal, state, or provincial regulations.

Colon Cancer Screening. Fecal occult blood testing shall be provided to all members above the age of 40 or earlier if clinically indicated. Screening colonoscopy services shall be recommended to all members above the age of 50 or earlier if clinically indicated.

Weight and Body Composition. Body weight shall be measured and recorded annually. A body composition evaluation including the following shall be conducted on personnel solely for the purpose of departmental health surveillance:

(1) Circumferential measurements (2) Hydrostatic weighing or Bod-Pod (3) Skinfold measurements (4) Bio impedance analysis

Annual Fitness Evaluation. A mandatory fitness evaluation that is not punitive or competitive shall be conducted annually as part of an individualized program.

All component results of the mandatory fitness evaluation shall be used to establish an individual’s baseline or measured against the individual’s previous assessments and not against any standard or norm.

An evaluation of muscular strength shall be conducted using each of the following protocols:

(1) Grip strength evaluation (2) Leg strength evaluation (3) Arm strength evaluation

An evaluation of muscular endurance shall be conducted using each of the following protocols:

(1) Push-up evaluation (2) Curl-up evaluation

An evaluation of flexibility shall be conducted using the sit-and-reach protocol.

535

Specific Evaluation of Medical Conditions in Members

Essential Job Tasks. The essential job tasks shall be validated by the fire department as required. The fire department physician shall use the validated list of essential job tasks in evaluating the ability of a member with specific medical conditions to perform specific job tasks.

Essential job tasks referenced throughout this chapter by number only shall correspond to the following model list:

(1) Performing fire-fighting tasks (e.g., hoseline operations, extensive crawling, lifting and carrying heavy objects, ventilating roofs or walls using power or hand tools, forcible entry, etc.), rescue operations, and other emergency response actions under stressful conditions while wearing personal protective ensembles and SCBA, including working in extremely hot or cold environments for prolonged time periods (2) Wearing an SCBA, which includes a demand valve– type positive-pressure facepiece or HEPA filter masks, which requires the ability to tolerate increased respiratory workloads (3) Exposure to toxic fumes, irritants, particulates, biological (infectious) and nonbiological hazards, and/or heated gases, despite the use of personal protective ensembles and SCBA (4) Depending on the local jurisdiction, climbing six or more flights of stairs while wearing fire protective ensemble weighing at least 50 lb (22.6 kg) or more and carrying equipment/tools weighing an additional 20 to 40 lb (9 to 18 kg) (5) Wearing fire protective ensemble that is encapsulating and insulated, which will result in significant fluid loss that frequently progresses to clinical dehydration and can elevate core temperature to levels exceeding 102.2°F (39°C) (6) Searching, finding, and rescue-dragging or carrying victims ranging from newborns up to adults weighing over 200 lb (90 kg) to safety despite hazardous conditions and low visibility (7) Advancing water-filled hoselines up to 21⁄2 in. (65 mm) in diameter from fire apparatus to occupancy [approximately 150 ft (50 m)], which can involve negotiating multiple flights of stairs, ladders, and other obstacles (8) Climbing ladders, operating from heights, walking or crawling in the dark along narrow and uneven surfaces, and operating in proximity to electrical power lines and/or other hazards (9) Unpredictable emergency requirements for prolonged periods of extreme physical exertion without benefit of warm-up, scheduled rest periods, meals, access to medication(s), or hydration (10) Operating fire apparatus or other vehicles in an emergency mode with emergency lights and sirens (11) Critical, time-sensitive, complex problem solving during physical exertion in stressful, hazardous environments, including hot, dark, tightly enclosed spaces, that is further aggravated by fatigue, flashing lights, sirens, and other distractions

536

(12) Ability to communicate (give and comprehend verbal orders) while wearing personal protective ensembles and SCBA under conditions of high background noise, poor visibility, and drenching from hose lines and/or fixed protection systems (sprinklers) (13) Functioning as an integral component of a team, where sudden incapacitation of a member can result in mission failure or in risk of injury or death to civilians or other team members

Special Teams. In addition to essential job tasks specified in mention above, members of specialized teams such as hazardous materials units, SCUBA teams, technical rescue teams, land search, confined space, trench rescue, and etc., EMS teams, or units supporting tactical law enforcement operations shall be evaluated for their ability to perform essential job tasks related to the duties of those specialized teams. The fire department shall define those essential job tasks and shall provide the fire department physician with a description of the risks associated with those tasks and additional medical and/or physical requirements that are not enumerated in this standard. In defining those tasks, the fire department shall consider the impact on the members required to wear or utilize specialized PPE that can increase weight, environmental isolation, sensory deprivation, and/or dehydration potential above levels experienced with standard fire suppression PPE.

Fire Department Physician Roles. After individually evaluating the member and the member’s medical records (including job-related medical rehabilitation records), the fire department physician shall recommend restricting members from performing only those specific job tasks that cannot be safely performed by the member given his/her medical condition. If an illness, injury, or other debilitating condition has altered a member’s ability to safely perform an essential job task, the fire department physician shall notify the fire department that the member is restricted from performing that task while on duty. The fire department shall determine possible accommodations for members restricted from certain job tasks.

Cardiovascular Disorders. Cardiovascular disorders shall include any disorder of the cardiovascular system including but not limited to supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias (abnormal heart beats), coronary artery disease, and cardiac muscle disease or valve disease. If the member has any cardiovascular disorders, the member shall be individually evaluated in accordance department procedure to determine if the disorders compromise the member’s ability to safely perform the essential job tasks.

Physician doing medical/physical exams This physician should also have experience with running an occupational medicine program for public safety workers, preferably fire fighters. The fire department should provide the fire department physician with a representative list of essential job tasks for members of fire departments who wear personal protective ensembles and SCBA to conduct interior structural fire-fighting operations.

537

The tasks on this list should be verified by the fire department to be essential to the job under consideration for each individual candidate or member. A sample list based on NFPA1001, NFPA1002, NFPA1003, NFPA1006, NFPA1021, and NFPA 1051can be found in this standards. An effective way to transmit this information to the physician is to use the list with checkboxes in front of each essential job task. This list is taken by a candidate or member to the medical provider at the time of medical evaluation. A check in the box indicates that there is no medical reason why an individual cannot safely perform that particular essential job task.

Suggested fields (data points) include but are not necessarily limited to the following:

(1) Medical history including the following: (a) Date of exam (b) Medical history (c) Smoking history (d) Tobacco (smokeless) use (e) Smoking in the past year (f) Tobacco cessation program participation (g) Alcohol use (h) Family history of heart disease or cancer (i) Personal history of past disease, disorders, or cancer (j) Exercise history

(2) Current medical and fitness results including the following: (a) Blood pressure and heart rate (b) ICD9 codes for physician assessment (c) Height and weight (d) Body composition (local recording only) (e) Blood analysis results (f) Urinalysis results (g) Vision (h) Hearing (i) Spirometry (j) Chest x-ray (k) Resting electrocardiogram (l) Cancer screening results (m) Immunizations (n) Aerobic capacity results (o) Muscle strength results (p) Muscle endurance results (q) Flexibility results

538

Incident scene rehabilitation is an important component of incident scene management that protects the health and safety of fire department members. NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program and NFPA 1561, Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System, require the establishment of “rehab” during incident scene operations. A significant component of member rehabilitation is ongoing medical evaluation. The standard does not require the fire department physician to be at every incident but does require that the physician coordinate with the EMS medical director to provide protocols for medical evaluation and management of members in emergency incident rehab. This medical planning process ensures optimal medical support for members at the scene and should include criteria for transportation to a medical facility for additional evaluation and treatment. Fire departments can develop specific standard operating procedures establishing conditions under which fire department physician(s) are dispatched to emergency incidents. (See NFPA 1584, Recommended Practice on the Rehabilitation of Members Operating at Incident Scene Operations and Training Exercises.)

Confidentiality of all medical data is critical to the success of the program. Members need to feel assured that the information provided to the physician will not be inappropriately shared. A member, while wearing full protective clothing (turnout coat and pants, helmet, boots, and gloves) and SCBA, is required to safely perform a variety of fire-fighting tasks that require upper body strength and aerobic capacity.

For those not familiar with fire suppression, the following specific details inherent to the activities in essential job task 1 are offered:

(1) Lifting and carrying tools and equipment (e.g., axe, halligan tool, pike pole, chain saw, circular saw, rabbet tool, high-rise pack, and hose) that weigh between 7 lb and 20 lb (3.2 kg and 9 kg) and are used in a chopping motion over the head, extended in front of the body, or in a push/pull motion. (2) Advancing a 13⁄4 in. (45 mm) or a 21⁄2 in. (65 mm) diameter hose line, which requires lifting, carrying, and pulling the hose at grade, below or above grade, or up ladders. In addition to the weight of the hose itself, a 50 ft (15 m) section of charged 13⁄4 in. (45 mm) hose contains approximately 90 lb (41 kg) of water, and a 50 ft (15 m) section of 21⁄2 in. (65 mm) hose holds approximately 130 lb (59 kg) of water. (3) Performing forcible entry while utilizing tools and equipment (e.g., axe, halligan tool, chain saw, circular saw, or rabbet tool) that requires chopping, pulling, or operating these items to open doors, windows, or other barriers to gain access to victims or possible victims or to initiate fire-fighting operations. (4) Performing ventilation (horizontal or vertical) utilizing tools and equipment (e.g., axe, circular saw, chain saw, pike pole) while operating on a flat or pitched roof or operating off a ground or aerial ladder. This task requires the fire fighter to chop or push tools through roofs, walls, or windows. Other tasks that could be performed can include search and rescue operations and other emergency response actions under stressful conditions, including working in extremely hot and cold environments for prolonged time periods.

539

The medical history should include the candidate’s known health problems, such as major illnesses, surgeries, medication use, and allergies. Symptom review is also important for detecting early signs of illness. A medical history should also include a personal health history, a family health history, a health habit history, an immunization history, and a reproductive history. An occupational history should also be obtained to collect information about the person’s past occupational and environmental exposures.

SCBA (Self Contained Breathing Apparatus) Use

The purpose of this policy is to provide guidance and information for the proper selection, care, use, maintenance, fitting and medical requirements of respiratory devices, and to protect county employees exposed to hazardous environments.

This policy applies to ______fire departments and to all fire personnel who, while performing their duties for the department, may be required to wear respiratory protection. It shall be the responsibility of each department director to insure that the provisions of this policy are carried out within their respective departments. A checklist is provided in Appendix E covering pertinent OSHA requirements.

The fire chief will develop written detailed instructions covering each of the basic elements in this program and is the sole person authorized to amend these instructions for the department.

The following Respiratory Protection program includes respiratory protection procedures, employee training and periodic inspections to ensure that before any employee wears the necessary respiratory equipment they have been properly fit tested, physical taken and instructions/training on any respiratory equipment use.

Equipment Equipment Selection

1. Respiratory safety equipment must be selected on the basis of hazards to which the employee may be exposed. 2. All apparatus shall be approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), and, selected in accordance with the guidelines of the American National Standard, Practices for Respiratory Protection Z88.2 - 1969 or Z88.2 - 1980. 3. Should gas masks be used for specific respiratory hazards, canisters shall be properly labeled and colored in accordance with Table I-1 of 1910.134. 4. Each canister shall have a label warning that gas masks should be used only in atmospheres containing sufficient oxygen to support life (at least 16%).

540

Equipment Use

1. Standard procedures have been developed for respiratory equipment use. These procedures consist of the manufacturer's instruction for prefer use and care and are located for reference in Appendix A. 2. Personnel shall be familiar with their assigned respiratory apparatus and the procedures for use. 3. In areas where the wearer, with respiratory, equipment failure, could be overcome by a toxic or oxygen deficient atmosphere, at least one additional person shall be present. Communication shall be maintained between both persons at all times. 4. Approved respiratory protection equipment shall be readily available and must be used by all personnel when the need arises. 5. Respirators shall not be worn when conditions prevent a good face seal. Such conditions include: a) growth of a beard; b) long sideburns; c) temple pieces on glasses; or d) Facial deformities. 6. Wearing of contact lenses in contaminated atmospheres with a respirator shall not be allowed. If corrective spectacles or goggles are required, they shall be worn as not to affect the fit of the face-piece.

Equipment Cleaning

1. Respirators maintained for emergency use shall be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected after each use per manufacturer's specifications in Appendix A. 2. They shall be inspected after cleaning and the disinfected results recorded on the Inspection after Each Use Log.

Equipment Maintenance

1. Equipment shall be properly maintained to retain its original effectiveness and shall be inspected daily and after each use. 2. A program for maintenance and care of respirators includes the following basic services: a) inspection for defects; b) cleaning and sanitizing; c) repair and reconditioning; d) storage; e) Written procedures and recordkeeping. 3. Replacement or repairs shall be done only by experienced persons with parts designed for the respirator. No attempt shall be made to replace components or to make adjustments beyond the manufacturer's recommendations. Reducing or admission valves or regulators shall be returned to the manufacturer or to a trained technician for adjustment or repair.

541

Equipment Storage

1. After inspection, cleaning and necessary repair, respirators shall be stored to protect against dust, sunlight, heat, extreme cold, excessive moisture or damaging chemicals. 2. Respirators shall be stored in a convenient, clean and sanitary location that is quickly accessible at all times. 3. Instructions for proper storage of emergency respirators are found in the "care and use" instructions referenced in Appendix A.

.Equipment Inspection

1. Respirators for emergency use, such as self-contained breathing apparatus, shall be thoroughly inspected at least once a month and after each use. 2. Respirator inspection shall include a check of the tightness of connections and the condition of the face-piece, headbands, valves and hoses. Worn or deteriorated parts shall be replaced. 3. It shall be determined that the regulator and warning devices function properly. 4. Rubber and elastomeric parts shall be inspected for pliability signs of deterioration. Stretching or manipulating these parts with massaging action will keep them pliable and flexi and flexible will prevent them from taking a set during storage. 5. Air and oxygen cylinders shall be fully charged according to the manufacturer's instructions. Cylinders kept for emergency purposes shall be recharged after each use. 6. Each department director shall be responsible for the inspection inspections of the respirators in their charge. A record shall be kept of each inspection dates and findings for respirators maintained for emergency use. A form is provided for this purpose in Appendix B.

Employee Training

1. For safe use of any respirator, it is essential that the user be properly instructed in its selection, use and maintenance. Both supervisors and workers shall be so instructed by a State Certified Instructor from the county’s or city's fire department. Training shall be conducted no less than once annually. To provide an opportunity to handle the respirator, have it fitted properly, test its face-piece to face seal and to wear it in normal air for a long familiarity period. 2. Training shall be documented (see Appendix C) and the documentation maintained at a central location. 3. It shall be the responsibility of each department director to schedule employee training.

542

Medical Requirements Appropriate surveillance of work area conditions and degree of employee exposure of stress shall be maintained. Persons shall not use a respirator unless it has been determined that they are physically able to perform the work and use the equipment. A qualified physician shall determine what health and physical conditions are pertinent:

1. The respirator user's medical condition shall be reviewed at least every two years; 2. Records (see Appendix D) shall be maintained at a central location; 3. It shall be the responsibility of each department director to schedule employee appointments for medical examination; 4. The department director shall provide the physician with information regarding the type of respirator used, the type of work being performed, the extent of usage and any other special environmental conditions. 5. Special evaluations shall be performed after prolonged absences from work for medical reasons or whenever a functional disability has been identified. 6. The physician shall certify whether the individual is permitted to use a respirator on the form provided in Appendix D. The physician shall classify the examinee in categories as follows: a) Class 1 - no restrictions; b) Class 2 - some specific use restrictions; c) Class 3 - no respirator use under any circumstances; 7. Test results shall be forwarded to the department director for documentation and review and then to a central location for filing. 8. A medical history questionnaire should be utilized to identify the following: a) Previously diagnosed disease; b) Psychological problems; c) Breathing problems; d) Past problems with respirator use; e) Any known physical deformities or abnormalities which may interfere with respirator use. 9. The physician shall designate work restrictions that are based on the person’s medical history or current health condition. Disqualifying reasons for respirator use shall include, but are not limited to: a) Facial deformities and facial hair that interfere with a proper sealing of the respirator as determined by fit-testing; b) Individuals with prescription eyeglasses who are required to wear a full-face respirator shall use special frames for their glasses that do not interfere with the face-piece seal. c) Wearing of contact lenses in contaminated atmospheres with a respirator is not allowed (systems have been developed for mounting corrective lenses inside full face-piece);

543

d) The employee's hearing shall be adequate to ensure communication and response to instructions and alarm systems. Individuals with perforated tympanic membranes cannot wear respirators in hazardous areas where inhalation or absorption of toxic materials may occur; e) Diseases affecting pulmonary function may prevent respirator use; f) Cardiac disease which may affect respirator use; g) Endocrinal disorder which may affect respirator use; h) Neurological disability may affect respirator use; i) a history of problems related to prescription drug use; j) clinical history or indication of severe anxiety if an employee's psychological condition may affect respirator use. 10. For individuals requiring heavy or strenuous exertion, additional evaluation may be necessary. 11. If a medical provider will not sign off on an employee then spirometry must be performed before that employee can use any respiratory equipment.

544

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

Appendices Appendix 23 – A: Medical History Evaluation Questionnaire Appendix 23 – B: Physical Emanation Questions for Clearance for Firefighting Duties and SCBA Use Appendix 23 – C: Physician's Evaluation Appendix 23 – D: Physician's Certification of Fitness Appendix 23 – E: Medical Clearance for Respirator Use Appendix 23 – F: Respiratory Inspection Log Appendix 23 – G: Respiratory Hazards and Training on Respirator Use Appendix 23 – H: Respiratory Protection Training Form Appendix 23 – I: OSHA Respirator Checklist Appendix 23 – J: Fit Testing Procedures Appendix 23 – K: Fit Testing Form Appendix 23 – L: Manufacturer’s Instructions for Proper Care and Use of Respiratory Equipment

545

Appendix 23 – A: Medical History Evaluation Questionnaire (Mandatory) for all fire personnel

To the fire fighter this form must be filled out and a copy taken to the physician doing your physical. This form must be updated every year prior to your physical.

To the fire fighter:

Your fire department must maintain all information in this form in its confidentiality, your department or supervisor will file this form in your personnel file and will not disclose any information to anyone other than your physical. It is up to you to deliver or send this questionnaire to the health care professional who will review it.

(Mandatory) The following information must be provided by every employee who has been selected to use any type of respirator (please print).

1. Today's date: ______

2. Your name: ______

3. Your age (to nearest year):______

4. Sex (circle one): Male/Female

5. Your height: ______ft. ______in.

6. Your weight: ______lbs.

7. Your job title: ______

8. A phone number where you can be reached by the health care professional who reviews this questionnaire (include the Area Code): ______

9. The best time to phone you at this number: ______

10. Has your employer told you how to contact the health care professional who will review this questionnaire (circle one): Yes/No

11. Check the type of respirator you will use (you can check more than one category): a. ______N, R, or P disposable respirator b. ______other type (for example, half- or (filter-mask, non-cartridge type only). full-facepiece type, powered-air purifying, supplied-air, self-contained breathing apparatus).

546

12. Have you worn a respirator (circle one): Yes/No If "yes," what type(s):______

Section 2. (Mandatory) Questions 1 through 9 below must be answered by every fire fighter who has been selected to use any type of respirator (please circle "yes" or "no").

1. Do you currently smoke tobacco, or have you smoked tobacco in the last month: Yes/No

2. Have you ever had any of the following conditions? a. Seizures: Yes/No d. Claustrophobia (fear of closed-in places): b. Diabetes (sugar disease): Yes/No Yes/No c. Allergic reactions that interfere with your e. Trouble smelling odors: Yes/No breathing: Yes/No

3. Have you ever had any of the following pulmonary or lung problems? a. Asbestosis: Yes/No g. Silicosis: Yes/No b. Asthma: Yes/No h. Pneumothorax (collapsed lung): Yes/No c. Chronic bronchitis: Yes/No i. Lung cancer: Yes/No d. Emphysema: Yes/No j. Broken ribs: Yes/No e. Pneumonia: Yes/No k. Any chest injuries or surgeries: Yes/No f. Tuberculosis: Yes/No l. Any other lung problem that you've been told about: Yes/No

547

4. Do you currently have any of the following symptoms of pulmonary or lung illness?

a. Shortness of breath: Yes/No h. Coughing that wakes you early in the morning: Yes/No b. Shortness of breath when walking fast on level ground or walking up a slight hill or i. Coughing that occurs mostly when you are incline: Yes/No lying down: Yes/No

c. Shortness of breath when walking with j. Coughing up blood in the last month: other people at an ordinary pace on level Yes/No ground: Yes/No k. Wheezing: Yes/No d. Have to stop for breath when walking at your own pace on level ground: Yes/No

e. Shortness of breath when washing or l. Wheezing that interferes with your job: dressing yourself: Yes/No Yes/No

f. Shortness of breath that interferes with m. Chest pain when you breathe deeply: your job: Yes/No Yes/No

g. Coughing that produces phlegm (thick n. Any other symptoms that you think may sputum): Yes/No be related to lung problems: Yes/No

5. Have you ever had any of the following cardiovascular or heart problems?

a. Heart attack: Yes/No e. Swelling in your legs or feet (not caused by walking): Yes/No b. Stroke: Yes/No f. Heart arrhythmia (heart beating c. Angina: Yes/No irregularly): Yes/No d. Heart failure: Yes/No g. High blood pressure: Yes/No

h. Any other heart problem that you've been told about: Yes/No

548

6. Have you ever had any of the following cardiovascular or heart symptoms? a. Frequent pain or tightness in your chest: your heart skipping or missing a beat: Yes/No Yes/No b. Pain or tightness in your chest during e. Heartburn or indigestion that is not related physical activity: Yes/No to eating: Yes/No c. Pain or tightness in your chest that d. Any other symptoms that you think may interferes with your job: Yes/No be related to heart or circulation problems: Yes/No d. In the past two years, have you noticed

7. Do you currently take medication for any of the following problems? a. Breathing or lung problems: Yes/No c. Blood pressure: Yes/No b. Heart trouble: Yes/No d. Seizures: Yes/No

8. If you've used a respirator, have you ever had any of the following problems? (If you've never used a respirator, check the following space and go to question 9:) a. Eye irritation: Yes/No d. General weakness or fatigue: Yes/No b. Skin allergies or rashes: Yes/No e. Any other problem that interferes with c. Anxiety: Yes/No your use of a respirator: Yes/No

9. Would you like to talk to the health care professional who will review this questionnaire about your answers to this questionnaire: Yes/No

Questions 10 to 15 below must be answered by every employee who has been selected to use either a full-face piece respirator or a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). For employees who have been selected to use other types of respirators, answering these questions is voluntary.

549

10. Have you ever lost vision in either eye (temporarily or permanently): Yes/No

11. Do you currently have any of the following vision problems?

a. Wear contact lenses: Yes/No c. Color blind: Yes/No

b. Wear glasses: Yes/No d. Any other eye or vision problem: Yes/No

12. Have you ever had an injury to your ears, including a broken ear drum: Yes/No

13. Do you currently have any of the following hearing problems?

a. Difficulty hearing: Yes/No c. Any other hearing or ear problem: Yes/No b. Wear a hearing aid: Yes/No

14. Have you ever had a back injury: Yes/No

15. Do you currently have any of the following musculoskeletal problems?

a. Weakness in any of your arms, hands, legs, f. Difficulty fully moving your head side to side: Yes/No or feet: Yes/No

g. Difficulty bending at your knees: Yes/No b. Back pain: Yes/No

h. Difficulty squatting to the ground: c. Difficulty fully moving your arms and Yes/No legs: Yes/No

i. Climbing a flight of stairs or a ladder d. Pain or stiffness when you lean forward carrying more than 25 lbs: Yes/No or backward at the waist: Yes/No

j. Any other muscle or skeletal problem that e. Difficulty fully moving your head up or interferes with using a respirator: Yes/No down: Yes/No

550

Any of the following questions, and other questions not listed, may be added to the questionnaire at the discretion of the health care professional who will review the questionnaire.

1. In your present job, are you working at high altitudes (over 5,000 feet) or in a place that has lower than normal amounts of oxygen: Yes/No

If "yes," do you have feelings of dizziness, shortness of breath, pounding in your chest, or other symptoms when you're working under these conditions: Yes/No

2. At work or at home, have you ever been exposed to hazardous solvents, hazardous airborne chemicals (e.g., gases, fumes, or dust), or have you come into skin contact with hazardous chemicals: Yes/No

If "yes," name the chemicals if you know them: ______

3. Have you ever worked with any of the materials, or under any of the conditions, listed below: a. Asbestos: Yes/No f. Coal (for example, mining): Yes/No b. Silica (e.g., in sandblasting): Yes/No g. Iron: Yes/No c. Tungsten/cobalt (e.g., grinding or welding this material): Yes/No h. Tin: Yes/No d. Beryllium: Yes/No i. Dusty environments: Yes/No e. Aluminum: Yes/No j. Any other hazardous exposures: Yes/No

If "yes," describe these exposures: ______

______

551

4. List any second jobs or side businesses you have: ______

______

5. List your previous occupations: ______

______

6. List your current and previous hobbies: ______

______

7. Have you been in the military services? Yes/No

If "yes," were you exposed to biological or chemical agents (either in training or combat): Yes/No

8. Have you ever worked on a HAZMAT team? Yes/No

9. Other than medications for breathing and lung problems, heart trouble, blood pressure, and seizures mentioned earlier in this questionnaire, are you taking any other medications for any reason (including over-the-counter medications): Yes/No

If "yes," name the medications if you know them: ______

10. Will you be using any of the following items with your respirator(s)? a. HEPA Filters: Yes/No Yes/No b. Canisters (for example, gas masks): c. Cartridges: Yes/No

11. How often are you expected to use the respirator(s) (circle "yes" or "no" for all answers that apply to you)? a. Escape only (no rescue): Yes/No d. Less than 2 hours per day: Yes/No b. Emergency rescue only: Yes/No e. 2 to 4 hours per day: Yes/No c. Less than 5 hours per week: Yes/No f. Over 4 hours per day: Yes/No

552

12. During the period you are using the respirator(s), is your work effort: a. Light (less than 200 kcal per hour): Yes/No

If "yes," how long does this period last during the average shift: ______hrs. ______mins.

Examples of a light work effort are sitting while writing, typing, drafting, or performing light assembly work; or standing while operating a drill press (1-3 lbs.) or controlling machines. b. Moderate (200 to 350 kcal per hour): Yes/No

If "yes," how long does this period last during the average shift: ______hrs.______mins.

Examples of moderate work effort are sitting while nailing or filing; driving a truck or bus in urban traffic; standing while drilling, nailing, performing assembly work, or transferring a moderate load (about 35 lbs.) at trunk level; walking on a level surface about 2 mph or down a 5- degree grade about 3 mph; or pushing a wheelbarrow with a heavy load (about 100 lbs.) on a level surface. c. Heavy (above 350 kcal per hour): Yes/No

If "yes," how long does this period last during the average shift: ______hrs.______mins.

Examples of heavy work are lifting a heavy load (about 50 lbs.) from the floor to your waist or shoulder; working on a loading dock; shoveling; standing while bricklaying or chipping castings; walking up an 8-degree grade about 2 mph; climbing stairs with a heavy load (about 50 lbs.).

13. Will you be wearing protective clothing and/or equipment (other than the respirator) when you're using your respirator: Yes/No

If "yes," describe this protective clothing and/or equipment: ______

______

14. Will you be working under hot conditions (temperature exceeding 77 deg. F): Yes/No

15. Will you be working under humid conditions: Yes/No

553

16. Describe the work you'll be doing while you're using your respirator(s):

Essential job tasks list and other task as needed:

(1) Performing fire-fighting tasks (e.g., hoseline operations, extensive crawling, lifting and carrying heavy objects, ventilating roofs or walls using power or hand tools, forcible entry, etc.), rescue operations, and other emergency response actions under stressful conditions while wearing personal protective ensembles and SCBA, including working in extremely hot or cold environments for prolonged time periods (2) Wearing an SCBA, which includes a demand valve– type positive-pressure facepiece or HEPA filter masks, which requires the ability to tolerate increased respiratoryworkloads (3) Exposure to toxic fumes, irritants, particulates, biological (infectious) and nonbiological hazards, and/or heated gases, despite the use of personal protective ensembles and SCBA (4) Depending on the local jurisdiction, climbing six or more flights of stairs while wearing fire protective ensemble weighing at least 50 lb (22.6 kg) or more and carrying equipment/tools weighing an additional 20 to 40 lb (9 to 18 kg) (5) Wearing fire protective ensemble that is encapsulating and insulated, which will result in significant fluid loss that frequently progresses to clinical dehydration and can elevate core temperature to levels exceeding 102.2°F (39°C) (6) Searching, finding, and rescue-dragging or carrying victims ranging from newborns up to adults weighing over 200 lb (90 kg) to safety despite hazardous conditions and low visibility (7) Advancing water-filled hoselines up to 21⁄2 in. (65 mm) in diameter from fire apparatus to occupancy [approximately 150 ft (50 m)], which can involve negotiating multiple flights of stairs, ladders, and other obstacles (8) Climbing ladders, operating from heights, walking or crawling in the dark along narrow and uneven surfaces, and operating in proximity to electrical power lines and/or other hazards (9) Unpredictable emergency requirements for prolonged periods of extreme physical exertion without benefit of warm-up, scheduled rest periods, meals, access to medication(s), or hydration (10) Operating fire apparatus or other vehicles in an emergency mode with emergency lights and sirens (11) Critical, time-sensitive, complex problem solving during physical exertion in stressful, hazardous environments, including hot, dark, tightly enclosed spaces, that is further aggravated by fatigue, flashing lights, sirens, and other distractions (12) Ability to communicate (give and comprehend verbal orders) while wearing personal protective ensembles and SCBA under conditions of high background noise, poor visibility, and drenching from hose lines and/or fixed protection systems (sprinklers) (13) Functioning as an integral component of a team, where sudden incapacitation of a member can result in mission failure or in risk of injury or death to civilians or other team members

17. Describe any special or hazardous conditions you might encounter when you're using your respirator(s) (for example, confined spaces, life-threatening gases):

______

554

18. Provide the following information, if you know it, for each toxic substance that you'll be exposed to when you're using your respirator(s):

Name of the first toxic substance: ______Estimated maximum exposure level per shift: ______Duration of exposure per shift: ______

Name of the second toxic substance: ______Estimated maximum exposure level per shift: ______Duration of exposure per shift: ______

Name of the third toxic substance: ______Estimated maximum exposure level per shift: ______Duration of exposure per shift: ______

The name of any other toxic substances that you'll be exposed to while using your respirator: ______

19. Describe any special responsibilities you'll have while using your respirator(s) that may affect the safety and well-being of others (for example, rescue, and security):

______

20. INSTRUCTIONS: Please answer all questions accurately and completely. If you do not understand any question, you should request clarification from the examining physician. The information provided regarding your medical history and health habits will be used to make a medical assessment of whether you can safely and efficiently perform the essential functions of a public safety position. Detailed medical information will be treated confidentially. It is essential that you answer all questions accurately and completely. Please note that a history of a health problem will be carefully evaluated and will not necessarily disqualify you from employment.

Do you now have or have you ever had any of the following: (Circle Yes or No)

555

1. Fracture of skull, jaw or facial bones 23. Speech impediment or disorder Y N Y N 2. Concussion or other injury to head 24. Tuberculosis Y N Y N 3. Thoracic outlet syndrome 25. Pneumothorax or collapsed lung Y N Y N 4. Fracture of neck, vertebrae or spine 26. Bronchitis, asthma or other lung disease Y N Y N 5. Recurrent back or neck pain 27. Abnormal electrocardiogram (EKG) Y N Y N 6. Degenerated or herniated disc 28. Heart disease or cardiac abnormality Y N Y N 7. Back injury or other abnormality 29. Irregular heart rhythm Y N Y N 8. Back, spine or neck surgery 30. Angina/chest pain/shortness of breath Y N Y N 9. Osteoporosis 31. Hypertension/high blood pressure Y N Y N 32. Organ transplant 10. Arthritis or joint injury or disease Y N Y N 33. Liver, pancreas or gall bladder disease 11. Amputation involving hand or foot Y N Y N 34. Ulcer or bowel disease 12. Carpal tunnel syndrome Y N Y N 35. Intestinal bleeding 13. Other hand or wrist problems Y N Y N 36. Hernia of any type 14. Dislocation of any joint Y N Y N 37. Kidney or bladder disease 15. Injury or abnormality of arms or legs Y N Y N 38. Abnormal balance or coordination 16. Need for corrective lenses Y N Y N 39. Fainting, blackouts or dizzy spells 17. Deficiency of color vision Y N Y N 38. Abnormal balance or coordination 18. Disease of the eyes or sinuses Y N Y N 39. Fainting, blackouts or dizzy spells 19. Loss of hearing Y N Y N 40. Stroke, aneurysm or bleeding in head 20. Exposure to loud noise Y N Y N 41.Multiple sclerosis or muscular dystrophy 21. Disease of the ear or vertigo Y N Y N 42. Myesthenia gravis or ALS 22. Deformity of mouth or jaw Y N Y N

556

43. Epilepsy or seizures 65. Allergies or chemical sensitivities Y N Y N 44. Dementia or memory loss 66. Occupational (work) injuries Y N Y N 45. Migraines or other severe headaches 67. Disability or compensation claim Y N Y N 46. Paralysis or muscle weakness 68. Asbestos or toxic chemical exposures Y N Y N 47. Other neurological disorders 69. Required light or restricted duty Y N Y N 48. Eczema or other skin disease 70. Military rejection or medical discharge Y N Y N 49. Skin grafts 71. Medical treatment in past 12 months Y N Y N 50. Bleeding disorder/anticoagulation 72. CAT Scan, MRI or other special tests treatment Y N Y N 51. Sickle cell disease or trait 73. Smoked cigarettes or tobacco products Y N Y N 52. Blood clots or thrombosis 74. Are you pregnant? Y N Y N 53. High or low blood cell counts 75. Other health conditions requiring Y N treatment 54. Enlarged or ruptured spleen Y N Y N #______55. Diabetes or high blood sugar #______Y N #______56. Thyroid or other endocrine disorder #______Y N 76. Are you currently receiving any 57. Cancer, malignancy or tumor disability benefits? Y N Y N 58. Mental or emotional disorder Y N Please explain “yes” answers by referencing 59. Mental health treatment of any type item number. Provide (in the section to the Y N right of each #) pertinent information 60. Lupus, scleroderma, dermatomyositis relative to diagnosis and treatment for each Y N “yes” response. Include dates for injuries, 61. Heat stroke, frostbite or burns illnesses and follow up treatments. Please Y N use the back of this page if necessary. 62. AIDS, HIV infection or hepatitis Y N 63. Any history of alcohol or drug abuse Y N 64. Current use of any prescribed drug Y N

557

21. Family History:

Is your Mother Living? Yes/No If not year died ______Medical History of Mother Medical History of Father a. Seizures or Epilepsy: Yes/No a. Seizures or Epilepsy: Yes/No b. Diabetes or high blood sugar (sugar b. Diabetes or high blood sugar (sugar disease): Yes/No disease): Yes/No c. Allergic reactions that interfere with c. Allergic reactions that interfere with breathing: Yes/No breathing: Yes/No d. Heart attack: Yes/No d. Heart attack: Yes/No e. Stroke: Yes/No e. Stroke: Yes/No f. Angina: Yes/No f. Angina: Yes/No g. Heart failure: Yes/No g. Heart failure: Yes/No h. Swelling in legs or feet (not caused by h. Swelling in legs or feet (not caused by walking): Yes/No walking): Yes/No i. Heart arrhythmia (heart beating i. Heart arrhythmia (heart beating irregularly): irregularly): Yes/No Yes/No j. High blood pressure: Yes/No j. High blood pressure: Yes/No k. Smoked cigarettes or tobacco products: k. Smoked cigarettes or tobacco products: Yes/No Yes/No l. Breathing or lung problems: Yes/No l. Breathing or lung problems: Yes/No m. Anxiety: Yes/No m. Anxiety: Yes/No n. Wear glasses: Yes/No n. Wear glasses: Yes/No o. Mental health treatment of any type: o. Mental health treatment of any type: Yes/No Yes/No p. Dementia or memory loss: Yes/No p. Dementia or memory loss: Yes/No q. Thyroid or other endocrine disorder: q. Thyroid or other endocrine disorder: Yes/No Yes/No r. Cancer, malignancy or tumor, any type of r. Cancer, malignancy or tumor, any type of cancer: Yes/No cancer: Yes/No s. Mental or emotional disorder: Yes/No s. Mental or emotional disorder: Yes/No Is your Father Living? Yes/No If not year died ______

558

Do you have any brothers or sisters? Yes/No How many? ______Brothers ______Sisters Any Medical History Problems from list Grandparents any Medical History Problems below: from list below: a. Seizures or Epilepsy: Yes/No a. Seizures or Epilepsy: Yes/No b. Diabetes or high blood sugar (sugar b. Diabetes or high blood sugar (sugar disease): Yes/No disease): Yes/No c. Allergic reactions that interfere with c. Allergic reactions that interfere with breathing: Yes/No breathing: Yes/No d. Heart attack: Yes/No d. Heart attack: Yes/No e. Stroke: Yes/No e. Stroke: Yes/No f. Angina: Yes/No f. Angina: Yes/No g. Heart failure: Yes/No g. Heart failure: Yes/No h. Swelling in legs or feet (not caused by h. Swelling in legs or feet (not caused by walking): Yes/No walking): Yes/No i. Heart arrhythmia (heart beating i. Heart arrhythmia (heart beating irregularly): irregularly): Yes/No Yes/No j. High blood pressure: Yes/No j. High blood pressure: Yes/No k. Smoked cigarettes or tobacco products: k. Smoked cigarettes or tobacco products: Yes/No Yes/No l. Breathing or lung problems: Yes/No l. Breathing or lung problems: Yes/No m. Anxiety: Yes/No m. Anxiety: Yes/No n. Wear glasses: Yes/No n. Wear glasses: Yes/No o. Mental health treatment of any type: o. Mental health treatment of any type: Yes/No Yes/No p. Dementia or memory loss: Yes/No p. Dementia or memory loss: Yes/No q. Thyroid or other endocrine disorder: q. Thyroid or other endocrine disorder: Yes/No Yes/No r. Cancer, malignancy or tumor, any type of r. Cancer, malignancy or tumor, any type of cancer: Yes/No cancer: Yes/No s. Mental or emotional disorder: Yes/No s. Mental or emotional disorder: Yes/No

559

Information to be supplied to the Physician or Licensed Healthcare Professional (PLHCP) by the Employer for Use in the Evaluation/Examination. *

The employee ______will be wearing an SCBA of the following type and weight: ______

Duration and frequency of SCBA use: ______

Expected physical work effort: ______

______

Additional protective clothing and equipment:______

______

Temperature and humidity extremes: ______

______

Additional information:______

______

Employee has provided their assessment of these issues in the medical questionnaire.

Note: This is the information required by 1910.134(e) (5) (i) and (ii).

In accordance with 1910.134(e) (5) (iii), the employer is required to provide the physician with a copy of the Respiratory Protection standard (1910.134) and a copy of their written respiratory protection program.

560

Appendix 23 – B: Physical Emanation Questions for clearance for firefighting duties and SCBA use

SEE NEXT PAGES FOR FORM TO BE FILLED OUT

561

Name of Examinee Social Security Number

F. Medical Examination Instructions: After reviewing the Medical History provided by the firefighter, conduct a comprehensive examination of all systems necessary to determine the examinee’s fitness under the applicable Medical Standards. The examination should include, but not be limited to, the areas listed below. If the examinee has conditions relevant to fitness determination which is not listed below, the examiner is responsible for documenting all such conditions.

Height _____ Weight _____ Blood Pressure ____/____ Temperature _____ Pulse _____

Vision Testing Without Corrective Lenses With Corrective Lenses Distant Rt. 20/___ Lt. 20/___ Both 20/___ Rt. 20/___ Lt. 20/___ Both 20/___ Near Rt. 20/___ Lt. 20/___ Both 20/___ Rt. 20/___ Lt. 20/___ Both 20/___

Visual Fields (degrees) Right: Temporal____ Nasal____ Left: Temporal____ Nasal____

Color Vision Ishihara: ____Normal ____Abnormal Yarn or Lantern test: ____Passed ____Failed

EXAMINATION Normal Abnormal (Identify by number and explain if abnormal)

1. Skin ______2. Head, face and scalp ______3. Ears, tympanic membranes ______4. Eyes, pupils, fundi, motion ______5. Nose, sinuses, olfaction ______6. Mouth, throat, speech ______7. Neck, thyroid ______8. Heart ______9. Varicosities, bruits, pulses ______10. Chest, lungs ______11. Breasts (if indicated) ______12. Abdomen, hernia ______13. Rectum (if indicated) ______14. Endocrine ______15. Spinal mobility, alignment ______16. Upper extremities, hands ______17. Lower extremities, feet ______18. Muscle strength, tone ______19. Gait, Rhomberg ______20. Balance, coordination ______21. Reflexes ______22. Cranial Nerves ______23. Mental Status ______

562

Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests

INSTRUCTIONS: Three diagnostic tests are required under the Medical Standards. Although not specifically required under the Medical Standards, additional tests may be performed. Some tests may be required by the appointing authority or approved by the appointing authority to further evaluate conditions detected on the medical history form and/or during the physical examination. For each test performed indicate below whether the results were normal or abnormal and document any abnormal results in Section

Copies of all laboratory reports should be attached to this form as part of the permanent record.

A. Pulmonary Function Test ____Normal ____Abnormal B. Audiogram ____Normal ____Abnormal

A. Pulmonary Function Test ____Normal ____Abnormal B. Audiogram ____Normal ____Abnormal C. A Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) Test for tuberculosis ____Negative ____Positive

OTHER TESTS: RESULTS

D. Urine Dipstick ___Normal ___Abnormal ___ Sp. Gravity ___ Protein ___ Sugar E. CBC ___Normal ___Abnormal F. Chemistry panel ___Normal ___Abnormal G. Urine drug screen ___Negative ___Positive H. Electrocardiogram ___Normal ___Abnormal I. Chest X-Ray ___Normal ___Abnormal J. Hepatitis B Immunization Dates of Immunizations: #1______#2______#3______K. Tetanus Immunization Dates of Immunizations: ______L. Other ______

Additional Notes

INSTRUCTIONS: Use this section to summarize any additional medical history information, abnormal physical examination findings, abnormal diagnostic or laboratory test results, and any other relevant information obtained during your evaluation. Please note that sufficient information must be documented so that your decision-making process is clear to any reviewer in the event that the examinee appeals an adverse fitness determination.

In the event that an examinee does not pass the examination, please document in the Medical Verification Section each disqualifying condition. ______

______

563

Medical Verification Section INSTRUCTIONS: Review the medical history, physical examination documentation, diagnostic test results, and laboratory reports in relation to the applicable public safety position Medical Standards and make a determination (regarding) whether the examinee meets all requirements of the Medical Standards. Conditions classified under Category A in the Medical Standards preclude an examinee from work in the public safety position. Conditions listed under Category B in the Medical Standards require careful individual consideration and may require further evaluation to determine whether the condition would preclude this individual from safely and efficiently performing the essential functions of the public safety position. If there is uncertainty regarding an examinee’s health status or functional abilities which could be resolved with additional information, the examinee should be offered the opportunity to provide medical records, reports from medical specialists, or any other relevant information in order to determine passed or failed status. In this case, the examinee should be advised by the examining physician as to what information is needed for follow up. He or she should be provided with a reasonable, but specific amount of time during which to provide the reports to the examining physician, who will thereafter advise the municipality of the status of the examinee.

If an examinee fails an initial medical examination, he or she is eligible to undergo a reexamination within 16 weeks of the date of the failure of the initial examination. If the examinee opts for a reexamination, he or she must arrange it with the municipal authority.

NOTE: In cases where the medical examination has been performed by a nurse practitioner or physician's assistant, a doctor of medicine or osteopathy must sign this Medical Verification Section.

When all necessary information has been received and reviewed, complete this Medical Verification Section and distribute per instructions below. Medical examination records are the property of the municipal authority. They must be kept accessible for the duration of the examining physician’s contract for use in the event of an audit, appeal or disability proceeding. If the contract terminates or expires, the physician will be instructed to transfer these records to his or her successor. The physician, however, may retain copies of his or her own examination reports and selected materials.

Name of Physician______

Address of Physician ______Telephone ______

Date of Medical Examination: ______for Fire Department ____

564

Appendix 23– C: Physician's Evaluation

Employee: ______

Evaluating Physician: ______

Class (circle one): 1. No restrictions on respirator use 2. Some specific use restrictions 3. No respirator use permitted

Restrictions:

565

Appendix 23 – D: Physician's Certification of Fitness

I have reviewed the medical examination for the following examinee using the Department’s Medical Standards Program for Public Safety Personnel:

Initial Exam and SCBA Use Annual Physical and SCBA Use

Name of Examinee: ______Social Security #: ______

Home Address: Street Address ______

City ______State ______Zip Code ______

Home Telephone: ______

Physician must certify whether candidate passed or failed the medical exam:

______I hereby certify that the above named examinee passed the medical examination. Or ______I hereby certify that the above named examinee failed the medical examination. Section Failed _____ Section Failed ______Section Failed _____ Section Failed ______

Section Failed _____ Section Failed ______Section Failed _____ Section Failed ______

______I hereby certify that the above named examinee passed the SCBA use examination. Or ______I hereby certify that the above named examinee failed the SCBA use examination. Section Failed _____ Section Failed ______Section Failed _____ Section Failed ______

Section Failed _____ Section Failed ______Section Failed _____ Section Failed ______

Physician Signature: ______Date: ______License #______

Print Physician Name: ______MD DO (circle one)

566

Appendix 23 – E: Medical Clearance for Respirator Use by Fire Chief

After reviewing the physical examination information and the recommendation from the doctor who complete the medical/physical and SCBA clearance (a copy of physician’s certification of fitness is attached to this form and will be keep in fire fighter’s personnel file. Each year fire fighter must complete another physical and SCBA examination and be recertified by physician.

Employee ______SS#______

Date of Birth ______

Supervisor______Department ______

Circle Type or Types of Respirator ( ) to be Used:

Atmosphere-supplying respirator Continuous-flow respirator Open-circuit SCBA Closed-circuit SCBA Supplied-air respirator Combination air-line and SCBA Air-purifying (non-powered) Air-purifying (powered)

Level of Work Effort (circle one):

Light Moderate Heavy Strenuous

Extent of Usage: 1. On a daily basis; 2. Occasionally, but more than once a week; 3. Rarely or for emergency situations only.

Length of Time of Anticipated Effort in Hours:

Special Work Conditions (i.e., high places, temperature, hazardous material, protective clothing, etc.)

______

Fire Chief: ______

Fire Department Name: ______

Date: ______

567

Appendix 23 – F: Respiratory Inspection Log

Department: ______

Apparatus: ______

Respiratory Information

Mask #:______Spare Cylinder Information

Mfg. ______Cylinder#:______

Regulator Serial #: ______Current Hydro Test Date: ______

Model #:______Date Purchased: ______

568

Appendix 23 – G: Respiratory Hazards and Training on Respirator Use

The Fire Department is required to provide training to those who use respirators. The training must be comprehensive, understandable, and occur annually, and more often if necessary . Documentation of this training shall occur.

The Fire Department shall ensure that each firefighter can demonstrate knowledge of at least the following:

Why the respirator is necessary and how improper fit, usage, or maintenance can compromise the protective effect of the respirator; What the limitations and capabilities of the respirator are; How to use the respirator effectively in emergency situations, including situations in which the respirator malfunctions; How to inspect, put on and remove, use, and check the seals of the respirator;

What the procedures are for maintenance and storage of the respirator; How to recognize medical signs and symptoms that may limit or prevent the effective use of respirators; The general requirements of this program.

The training shall be conducted in a manner that is understandable to the firefighter. Retraining shall be administered annually, or when the following situations occur:

Changes in the workplace or the type of respirator render previous training obsolete; Inadequacies in the firefighters knowledge or uses of the respirator indicate that the firefighter has not retained the requisite understanding or skill; Any other situations arise in which retraining appears necessary to ensure safe respirator use.

569

Appendix 23 – H: Respiratory Protection Training Form

The respiratory protection workshop included information on the following subjects:

A. Selection to include the nature of the respiratory hazard, reasons for selection of a particular type of respirator and limitations of the selected respirator.

B. Correct usage to include fitting and adjusting of respirator.

C. Proper maintenance guidelines for cleaning and disinfection, drying, inspection of worn or defective components, and storage.

The respirator protection training included the opportunity to handle the respirator, have it fitted properly, tested its face-piece to face seal and the trainee wore the respirator in normal air for at least ten minutes.

I have received basic information on the above subjects.

Employee: ______

Date: ______

I verify the employee has been instructed on the above subjects.

Instructor: ______Date: ______

570

Appendix 23 – I: OSHA Respirator Checklist

APPENDIX 21 – F:

OSHA RESPIRATOR CHECKLIST

Reference OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134 Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet G-7.1 ANSI Z 88.2 CPL 2-2.6 ANSI Z 88.6 CPL 2-2.7

Item No. Subject Standard Yes No

1 Are respirators provided to control breathing air contaminated by harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays and vapors when engineering controls are not feasible or while they are being instituted? 1910.134(a)(1)

2 Is there a respiratory protective program (RPP) established and maintained? Is it in writing? 1910.134(a)(2)

3 Does the RPP contain written standard operating procedures governing selection and use of 1910.134(b)(1) respirators?

4 Are respirators selected on the basis of hazard exposure? 1910.134(b)(2)

5 Is the user instructed and trained in the proper us of the respirator and its limitations? Are records maintained? 1910.134(b)(3)

6 Are respirators regularly cleaned and disinfected? Are respirators worn by more than one worker disinfected after each use? 1910.134(b)(5)

7 Are respirators stored in a convenient, clean and sanitary location? 1910.134(b)(6)

8 Are respirators regularly inspected? Are worn parts replaced? 1910.134(b)(7)

9 Are work area conditions and employee exposure maintained by surveillance measures? 1910.134(b)(8)

10 Is there regular inspection and evaluation to determine continued effectiveness of the program? 1910.134(b)(9)

11 Has employer determined the medical status of the user before requiring respirator usage? 1910.134(b)(10)

12 Is the medical status of the respirator user reviewed periodically by the local physician? 1910.134(b)(10)

13 Are only approved respirators used? 1910.134(b)(11)

571

APPENDIX F: OSHA RESPIRATOR CHECKLIST, cont'd.

Item No. Subject Standard Yes No

14 Does breathing air meet Grade D specifications? Is there written documentation? 1910.134(d)(1)

15 Do oil-lubricated compressors used to supply breathing air have high temperature or carbon monoxide alarms? If not, is the air frequently tested for carbon monoxide? Are records 1910.134(d)(2)(ii) maintained?

16 Are airline couplings incompatible with outlets for other gas systems? 1910.134(d)(3)

17 Are written procedures developed covering safe use of respirators in dangerous atmospheres? 1910.134(e)(3)

18 Do all respirator wearers receive detailed fitting instructions? Are respirators fit-tested? Are records maintained? 1910.134(e)(5)(i)

19 Do all respirator wearers have a confirmed good face seal? 1910.134(e)(5)(i)

20 Are all self-contained breathing apparatus inspected monthly? 1910.134(f)(2)(ii)

21 Is a record maintained of inspection dates and findings for respirators maintained for emergency 1910.134(f)(2)(iv) use?

22 Are respirators for emergency use accessible at all times? 1910.134(f)(5)(i)

572

Appendix 23 – J: Fit Testing Procedures

All employees wearing respirators must be fit tested with the same make, model, style, and size of respirator that will be used on the job. The Respiratory Protection Program Administrator will oversee the fit testing of fire department employees.

Fit tests will be conducted on all employees who use respirators following the initial medical evaluation, at least annually thereafter, or whenever the employer observes or receives a report of changes in the employee's physical condition that could affect respirator fit, or the employee states that the fit of the respirator is unacceptable.

Factors that may affect mask fit are: Significant weight change. Significant facial scarring in the area of the face piece seal. Significant dental changes. Reconstructive or cosmetic facial surgery. Any other condition that would interfere with mask fit.

Fit tests will be administered using an OSHA-accepted qualitative or quantitative test in the negative pressure mode. The protocol used will be stated on the fit test record for each employee.

573

Appendix 23 - K: Fit Testing Form

Fire Department ______

Address ______

Date of Test ______

Employee Fit Tested ______

Make ______Style ______

Model ______Size ______

Type of Fit Test Performed in accordance with protocols listed in 1910.134 Appendix A -OSHA Accepted Fit Test Protocols.

Quantitative (QNFT) Qualitative (QLFT)

Fit Factor Substance used: ______

Strip Chart Results (Attached) Pass Fail

Comments ______Comments ______

Person Administering Test:

Name ______

Employed by ______

Types of exercise performed (for one minute each except grimace) during fit test shall include:

1. Normal breathing 5. Talking (rainbow passage) 2. Deep breathing 6. Grimace (15 seconds) -only for QNFT 3. Moving head up and down 7. Bending over or jogging in place 4. Turning head side to side 8. Normal breathing

Note: The employee's latest fit test record is required to be kept until the next fit test is administered.

574

Appendix 23 – L: Manufacturer's Instructions for Proper Care and Use of Respiratory Equipment

CLEANING, DISINFECTING, STORING, INSPECTING, REPAIRING, DISCARDING, AND MAINTAINING RESPIRATORS

The Fire Department shall provide personnel with a respirator that is sanitary, and in good working order. Fire department personnel shall ensure that respirators are cleaned and disinfected using the procedures recommended by the respirator manufacturer. The respirators shall be cleaned and disinfected at the following intervals: Respirators issued for the exclusive use of a firefighter shall be cleaned and disinfected as often as necessary to be maintained in a sanitary condition.

Respirators issued to more than one firefighter shall be cleaned and disinfected before being worn by different individuals.

Respirators used in fit testing and training shall be cleaned and disinfected after each use.

Respirator face pieces assigned to personnel (personal face pieces) shall be cleaned and disinfected as required by the user of the face piece.

The face piece shall be placed in a clean, dry container and stored in a manner which prevents deformation of the face seal, other damage or contamination.

Respirator face pieces are stored in the following location(s) and manner: ______

The cleaning and disinfecting procedure supplied by the manufacturer/seller of the respirator shall be used by the department (attach as appendix).

If not, the following procedure from 1910.134, Appendix B-2 will be used: ______

The Program Administrator or designee will ensure an adequate supply of appropriate cleaning and disinfection material at the cleaning station. If supplies are low, employees should contact their supervisor, who will inform ______.

575

MAINTENANCE

Respirators are to be properly maintained at all times in order to ensure that they function properly and adequately protect the employee. Maintenance involves a thorough visual inspection for cleanliness and defects. Worn deteriorated parts will be replaced prior to use. No components will be replaced or repairs made beyond those recommended by the manufacturer. Repairs to regulators or alarms of atmosphere-supplying respirators will be performed by the manufacturer or a person certified by the manufacturer.

Air cylinders shall be maintained in a fully charged state and shall be recharged when the pressure falls to 90% of the manufacturer's recommended pressure level. Fire department personnel shall determine that the regulator and warning devices function properly. For fire department respirators, fire department personnel shall:

Certify the respirator by documenting the date the inspection was performed (at least monthly), the name (or a signature) of the person who made the inspection, the findings, required remedial action, and a serial number or any other means of identifying the inspected respirator.

Provide this information on a tag or label that is attached to the storage compartment for the respirator, or is kept with the respirator, or is included in inspection reports stored as paper or electronic files. This information shall be maintained until replaced following a subsequent certification.

The fire department shall ensure that respirators that fail an inspection or are otherwise found to be defective are removed from service, and are discarded or repaired or adjusted in accordance with the following procedures:

Repairs or adjustments to respirators are to be made only by persons appropriately trained to perform such operations and shall use only the respirator manufacturer's NIOSH-approved parts designed for the respirator;

Repairs shall be made according to the manufacturer's recommendations and specifications for the type and extent of repairs to be performed; and

SCBA repairs including but not limited to reducing and admission valves, regulators, and alarms shall be adjusted or repaired only by the manufacturer or a technician trained by the manufacturer or vendor supplying the equipment to the fire department.

576

QUALITY AND QUANITIY OF BREATHING AIR

Breathing air in the SCBA cylinder shall meet the requirements of the Compressed Gas Association G-7.1-l989, COMMODITY SPECIFICATION FOR AIR, with a minimum air quality of Grade D. Private vendors supplying the Department with compressed breathing air shall provide a copy of the most recent inspection and certification.

The purity of the air from the Fire Department's air compressor shall be checked by a competent laboratory annually.

The Department shall assure that sufficient quantities of compressed air are available to refill SCBA for each incident. This shall be accomplished through mutual aid with Other Departments______(or; this shall be accomplished with the use of a mobile air compressor).

Air cylinders for SCBA shall be filled only by trained personnel.

Compressed oxygen shall not be used in open-circuit SCBA.

Standards for breathing air and hazards associated include:

Oxygen content (v/v) of 19.5-23.5%. Hydrocarbons ( condensed) content of 5 milligrams per cubic meter of air or less; Carbon monoxide (CO) content of 10 ppm or less; Carbon dioxide content of 1,000 ppm or less; Lack of a noticeable odor.

The fire department shall ensure that cylinders used to supply breathing air to respirators meet the following requirements:

Cylinders are tested and maintained as prescribed in the Shipping Container Specification Regulations of the Department of Transportation (49 CFR part 173 and part 178) test requirements of three years for composite cylinders and five years for steel or aluminum cylinders.

Note: composite cylinders have a maximum use life of 15 years.

The moisture content in the cylinder does not exceed a dew point of -50 degrees F. (-45.6 degrees C.) at 1 atmosphere pressure.

577

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

578

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

579

Chapter 24

Chapter 24: Information on and list of Bag

Pipers, Honor Guards and Color Guards

Funerals and Memorial – The pipes. The pipes are calling

The pipes, the pipes are calling...

There is something in the sound of the bagpipes that evokes our deepest emotions when we hear it. The same sound can be either exhilarating or deeply moving depending upon what tune or tunes are being played. Over the years, I have had countless people tell me that they want the bagpipes played at their funeral, often requesting the tune Amazing Grace. It is gratifying to me when I am able to honor their last request by providing this service.

Before the Service The bagpiper may play outside the church to call mourners together for the service.

During the Service The bagpiper can play a special piece during the service. If you would like to preserve a quieter and softer mood, the Scottish Small pipes may be played. The Small pipes are not as loud as the Highland Bagpipes and are ideal for meditations.

After the Service The bagpiper may play outside the church as mourners are leaving the service.

Graveside When playing graveside, the bagpiper can play as the mourners arrive and until the deceased is carried to their final resting place. The family often requests a special tune, usually Amazing Grace, at some point during the graveside service. After the service as the mourners are moving back to their vehicles, the bagpiper can play Going Home and other soulful melodies.

580

Brent Turner

Photo of Brent

Brent Turner Lincolnton, NC 28092 Phone #

581

Charlotte Pipes & Drums Band

Pipes & Drums Band

The Charlotte Fire Department Pipes and Drums Band were formed in 2001 as part of the Honor Guard. It was decided early on that the musical development and professional image of the band was a priority. The addition of talented competition musicians to instruct the group was a crucial step. Practice continued for two years before the band was ready to perform and by the summer of 2003 the countless hours paid off when the band received its first assignment: The opening ceremony for the North Carolina Chief’s Association Conference.

Since then the band continues to grow and improve thanks to new members that have committed their time and effort. Today, the band continues to travel and perform and all members are Charlotte firefighters.

Contact Information

582

Jerry Finegan

Jerry Finegan 404-314-1739 907 Northwoods Dr. Cary, NC 27513 [email protected]

583

Wake & District Public Safety Pipes and Drums

The Wake & District Public Safety Pipes and Drums were formed to provide bagpipes and drums at funeral services for public safety officers who were killed in the line of duty.

In addition to providing a distinguishing feature for a fallen hero’s funeral – the band is available for hire for other events… From solo pipers for official public safety events, weddings, funerals, and any number of celebratory events, to mini bands or even the full band for a parade or corporate event THE BAND IS AVAILABLE. We are a growing band drawing membership from the entire public safety service as well as members from the community – and can serve your bagpipe and drumming musical needs with dignity and solemnity.

Do you have an event you want everyone to remember? Why not try the skirl of the pipes and drums… Wake & District provides a musical experience with kilts and bagpipes and drums which is second to none! Since 2006 Wake and District has played at various engagements throughout the Raleigh-Durham region and are experienced in putting together a varied and entertaining musical program which will suit your specific needs. Please contact us for a non-committal talk – and let us help you make your engagement even more festive and colorful.

What is a pipe band suitable for? Pipe bands, mini-bands or solo players attend a huge variety of public, private and corporate engagements throughout the year. Since 2006 our members have played at all kinds of imaginable venues including the the Syngenta RTP groundbreaking, USO Gala, Jimmy V Gala and Golf Tournement, on stage with the Chieftains, Seven Nations, Albannach or on parade in Raleigh, North Myrtle Beach or Winston-Salem; the presence of the pipes and drums bring distinction to any event.

584

What can I get? We will tailor the engagement to suit your specific needs. You can get everything from a solo piper to a large band with 40-50 bagpipers and drummers. We are delighted to assist with information and advice on what fits your engagement. The number of guests, the surroundings and whether the event is in or outdoors are important factors to keep in mind when deciding on the size of band.

• A full band: 50 -60 pipers and drummers • A mini-band: 4 pipers and 3 drummers • A trio: 2 pipers and 1 drummer • A solo player: 1 piper

How do we look? A performing pipe band wearing full uniform is an impressive sight. We always perform in traditional highland attire with kilts, knee stockings and the classic cap (a glenngarry). The colors of the bagpipes and drums match the uniform, and provide a complete finish. Experiencing a pipe band makes an impression of both sight and sound.

How much does it cost? Our prices vary depending on how many players are needed, how long they are to play, travel distance, etc. Please contact us for a non-committal talk. Wake & District is a federally registered 501(c)(3) organization and all contributions and fees are tax deductible.

Please understand when considering to hire a bagpiper or pipe band for your event to balance the requirements of the performance with the proficiency of the player or band. Our members have extensive repertoires, and experience on handling problematic performance requirements and issues. We would be pleased to provide audio and video files for your consideration.

Wake & District Public Safety Pipes and Drums

919-374-8166

585

Carolina Pipes & Drums of the Emerald Society

Founded in 2005, the Carolina Pipes & Drums of the Emerald Society is a not-for-profit Public Safety Bagpipe and Drum band. Our mission is to provide a distinguishing tribute to our fallen comrades and to be in service to the family, friends and co-workers of public safety employees of the Carolinas; where heroes are never forgotten.

We desire to strengthen relations between the protective services and the public and to preserve cultural heritage and enrich our community by providing traditional Bagpipe and Drum music.

Joe Brady, Pipe Major Carolina Pipes & Drums of the Emerald Society www.forourfallen.org

Traditional Songs Played at Funerals

Traditional Songs Played at Funerals Many of the traditional songs played and even sung at funerals include songs or hymns of the Christian faith. At times, the entire congregation may be asked to join in and sing a stanza or two of the hymn. Often choirs also sing at funerals. Some of these songs, both played and sung, are: • Amazing Grace • Jesus Loves Me • The Lord's My Shepherd • When the Roll is Called Up Yonder • Sweet Chariot • Abide in Me • Be Thou My Vision • I'll Walk With God

586

Honor and Color Guards

Honor Guard Resource List – Updated 9/20/05

BUNCOMBE COUNTY FIREFIGHTERS PO Box 640 ASSOCIATION HONOR GUARD Skyland NC 28776

Day #: 828-684-6421 Emerg. #: 828-890-8493 or 828-650-0534 Contact: Battalion Chief Rick Wood Will travel: Yes Services: Folding flag, Posting of Colors Resources: None Listed

BURLINGTON FIRE DEPT. 215 S. Church St. Burlington NC 27215 Contact: Captain Mark Grogan Will travel: Yes 336-229-3558 Captain Bud Catoe 336-229-3559 Services: Memorial, drills, funerals, colors Resources: None listed

CARY FIRE DEPT. 100 N. Academy St Cary NC 27511 Day #: 919-469-4056 Contact: Alan Mounds Will travel: Yes Services: Funerals, colors Resources: Trumpet Player, Bagpipes

587

CATAWBA CO. FIREFIGHTERS 276 Sipe Road Taylorsville NC 28681 Day #: 828-464-1295 Contact: Eric Sprinkle Will travel: Yes 828-465-4983 or 828-431-1773 Services: Funerals, colors Resources: Bagpiper, bell

Catawba County Firefighters Association Honor Guard P.O. Box 935 Conover, NC 28613 828-312-3541 [email protected]

CHAPEL HILL FIRE DEPARTMENT 306 North Columbia Street www.chfdhonorguard.org Chapel Hill NC 27514 Day #: 919-968-2781 Contact: Commander Chris Bradley Will travel: 919-304-2728 or 336-263-1686 [email protected] Services: Funeral, Color Guard, Post Resources: Bagpiper, bell

Colors

CITY OF CHARLOTTE 600 East Fourth Street Charlotte NC 28296 Day #: 704-336-2791 Contact: Batt. Chief J.B. Thompson (B- Will travel: Yes Shift) Services: Funerals, colors, parades, bells Resources: Trumpet player/bagpiper

588

CITY OF DURHAM FIRE DEPT. 200 East Club Blvd Durham Nc 27704 Day #: 919-560-4251 Contact: B.J. Yeargan Will travel: Yes Services: Color guard/casket detail/rifles Resources: Trumpet player

CONCORD FIRE/RESCUE 100 Hwy. 601 Bypass Concord NC 28027 Day #: 704-784-1507 Contact: R. Carrington, Jr. Will travel: Yes 704-786-0832 or 704-793-0705 Services: Funeral/flags/parades Resources: None listed

DAVIDSON COUNTY FIREFIGHTERS 404 Old Hwy. 29 Lexington NC 27292 Day #: 336-249-3018 Contact: Roger Gregory Will travel: Yes Kim Workman Services: Funeral, parades, weddings Resources: None listed

DUPLIN COUNTY HONOR GUARD PO Box 294 Rose Hill NC 28458 http://www.home.earthlink.net/~duplincountyfahg/ Day #: 910-289-8284 (Murphy) 919-921-0067 (Blizzard)

Contact: Capt. Garry Murphy Will travel: Yes Lt. Angie Blizzard Lt. Dustin Jackson Chaplain Greg Maready Services: Folding & presenting flag, posting Resources: Bell, Flag Detail casket, pallbearers, memorial/ceremonies, color guard, parades

589

ELIZABETH CITY FIRE DEPT Day #: 252-338-3912 Contact: Michael L. Varnell Will travel: Yes Services: Funeral/parades/posting colors Resources: None Listed

FORSYTH COUNTY EMS 911 East Fifth Street Winston-Salem, NC 27101 Day:336-703-2750 or 2760

Night: 336-727-8083 Contact: Commander Shane C. Will travel: Yes Moore

Services: Memorials, Funerals, Color Guard Resources: Trumpet, Bagpiper, Vocalist

GASTON COUNTY FIREFIGHTERS PO Box 12607 Gastonia NC 28052 Day #: 704-866-3212 Contact: D.Abernathy/D.Thornburg Will travel: Yes 704-735-3523 or 704-732-3500 Services: Funeral/weddings/any requested Resources: None listed

GREENSBORO FIRE DEPARTMENT 1514 N. Church Street Greensboro NC 27410 Day #: 336-373-2387 Emerg. #: Contact: Chief Skip Nik Will travel: Yes Services: Funerals, ceremonies Resources: Bell, bugle

GREENVILLE FIRE/RESCUE PO Box 7207 Greenville NC 27835-7207 Day #: 252-329-4404 Contact: Lennie Waters Will travel: Yes Services: Funerals, ceremonies Resources: None listed

590

HENDERSON CO. FIREMENS ASSOC. Day #: 828-693-7865 & 681-6669(pgr) Contact: Britt Gordon Will travel: Services: Funerals/Colors Resources: Bagpipes

JOHNSON COUNTY FIREMEN'S 3531 Steven's Chapel Rd. ASSOCIATION Smithville NC 27577 Contact: Mel Thompson Will travel: Yes 919-965-8735 or 919-631-2670 Services: Funerals, Memorials, Posting Resources: Bugle, Bagpipe Colors

NEW BERN FIRE DEPARTMENT PO Box 1129 New Bern NC 28563 Day #: 252-636-4020 Contact: Commander Terry Gaskins Will travel: Yes Services: Funerals, Color Guard, Casket Resources: Rifles, Flags, Trumpet, Bell Guard

RALEIGH FIRE DEPARTMENT 105 Keeter Center Dr. Raleigh NC 27601 Day #: 919-831-6115 Contact: Freddie Lynn/J. B. Sandy Will travel: Yes Services: Any service approved by Chief Resources: None Listed

ROCKY MOUNT FIRE DEPARTMENT 101 S. George St. Rocky Mount NC 27801 Day #: 252-972-1490 Contact: Mike Barnell/Cory Mercer Will travel: Yes Services: Colors/special ceremonies Resources: None listed

591

ROWAN COUNTY FIREFIGHTERS Day #: 704-857-5345 Contact: Cmndr. Mark Goss Will travel: Yes Services: Any requested Resources: None listed

RUTHERFORD COUNTY FIREFIGHTERS [email protected] [email protected] Contact: Dep. Cmndr. Byron Callahan Will travel: Services: Any requested Resources: None listed

SAMPSON COUNTY HONOR GUARD PO Box 1735 Clinton NC 28329

SOUTHERN PINES FIRE DEPT. 160 Memorial Park Ct. Southern Pines NC 28287 Day #: 910-692-2720 Contact: Martin Dowd Will travel: Yes Services: National Fallen Firefighter’s Resources: None listed Memorial Service/Weddings/Funerals/Flag ceremonies

WILMINGTON FIRE DEPT. PO Box 1954 Wilmington NC 28401 Day #: 910-452-1267 Contact: Tom Robinson Will travel: Yes Services: Memorials, Funerals, Color Resources: Bagpipe, Flag set, Axe set, Presentations, Parades, Building Dedications Trumpet

592

WILSON FIRE DEPARTMENT 307 W. Hines St. Wilson NC 27893 Day #: 252-399-2891 Contact: Reggie Yelverton (FF Will travel: Yes, with approval Engineer) Services: Funerals/Memorials Resources: None listed

WINSTON-SALEM FIRE DEPT PO Box 2511 Winston Salem NC 27102 Day #: 336-773-7950 or 773-7900 Contact: Arlin Sechrist (Dist Will travel: Yes Chief) Services: Funerals/Posting colors Resources: Bell, bugle, bagpipes

593

 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Contact the Lincoln County Fire Marshal / CISM Team Leader for any questions you may have.

594

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

595