An Overview of NWDA Presence in India Water Week-2017

An Overview of NWDA Involvement in Trade Fair-2017

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From Director General’s Desk

It gives me immense pleasure to present the Annual Jal Vikas-2018 issue of NWDA. The in-house bulletin of NWDA gives an overview of the main functions and objectives of NWDA in the field of Water Resources Planning and Development, particularly with respect to Inter Basin Water Transfer (IBWT) as well as Intra-State Water Transfer Projects commonly known as the Programme on Interlinking of Rivers (ILR), Government of India, under the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation (MoWR,RD&GR).

It is pertinent to mention that the NWDA, with the support and guidance of Hon’ble Minister (WR, RD & GR) and Secretary (WR, RD &GR), has accomplished all its assigned functions in an efficient and effective manner during the year 2017, in spite of many hurdles and constraints especially relating to the shortage of Technical Officers. The main works dealt and completed by NWDA during the period of 1st January, 2017 to 31st December, 2017 and that indicated in the annual issue are related with the Techno-Economic Clearance and Water Sharing Issues of Ken-Betwa (Phase-I/II), Par- Tapi-Narmada and Damanganga-Pinjal Link Projects along with their Clearances from Wild Life, Environment, Forest Land Diversion, Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA), Investment, Funding Pattern and Implementation Mechanism Departments. All the Clearances could be obtained mainly because of the concerted efforts taken by NWDA. In addition to these activities, NWDA also organized India Water Week-2017- the fifth event in the series during 10-14 October, 2017 by concurrently conducting the International Conference and Water Expo-2017; 3rd and 4th Jal Manthan respectively on 13.01.2017 and 27-28.07.2017; 64th Meeting of the Governing Body of NWDA on 27.03.2017; and 31st Annual General Meeting of NWDA on 12.09.2017. During this year two meetings of the Special Committee on ILR have also been held.

The issue also contains a technical article namely on “River Pollution Prevention and Rejuvenation of Rivers-A National Priority” and a Poem contributed by NWDA Officials; ILR in Parliament and Media; and Training/Workshops and Promotions/Retirement relating to NWDA environs.

Hope this Annual Issue of Jal Vikas will be found useful in getting a glimpse on the role, functions and achievements of NWDA during the year 2017. We look forward to receive your valuable cooperation for accomplishing NWDA objectives and striving together for the implementation of ILR Programme of India under the guidance of the MoWR,RD&GR.

(M. K. Srinivas) Director General

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From Chief Engineer’s Desk

On behalf of the NWDA, the Editorial Board, and the Editorial Team of Jal Vikas, I wish to extend our sincere thanks to Director General NWDA for his constant guidance in shaping and publishing this Annual Issue of Jal Vikas amongst our Stakeholders.

I am sure that the platform we provide here through our In-House Bulletin gives immense scope to highlight various issues and aspects relating to Water Resources Sector. Here, I take this opportunity to request all our Eminent Experts, Professionals and Officials from Government, Public and Private sectors including those from NGOs and International Organizations for joining with us in alleviating the lacunae that exists in the field of Water Resources regarding Prevention of Water Pollution of Rivers, Lakes and Ponds; Capacity Building; Awareness Creation; Skill Development ; Efficient Utilization of Water in Agricultural , Domestic and Industrial Sectors by addressing Micro-Irrigation Practices, Recharging of Aquifers and Reuse & Recycling of Waters through Canal and Pipe Networks following Leak Detention Techniques; and Integrated Planning, Development and Management followed with monitoring measures of River Basins/Sub-Basins while ensuring Food Sufficiency, Water Security and Socio- Economical & Environmental Sustainability not only for the present generation but also for the future generation to come.

In the processes we may find and agree that “Inter Linking of Rivers” Programme commonly known as ILR Programme of Government of India, through implementing Inter Basin Water Transfer (IBWT) Projects and Intra State Water Transfer (ISWT) Projects are one of the options available in the water sector for balancing the disparity in availability of Water Resources with respect to space and time. NWDA along with the Support and Guidance of the MoWR, RD &GR is taking concerted and continuous efforts in consensus building with the State Governments for the implementations of the Priority IBWT Link Projects of Ken-Betwa (Phase-I &Phase-II), Damanganga-Pinjal and Par-Tapi-Narmada and preparations of Detailed Project Reports of ISWT Link Projects as suggested by various State Governments. The detailing of the concerned link projects indicating their present status have been covered in the Jal Vikas Annual Issue-2018.

Your Valuable views and contributions of papers touching on the above cited issues/aspects will be of great support for us.

(R.K.Jain) Chief Engineer (HQ) & Chairman, Jal Vikas Editorial Board

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From Editor’s Desk

Placing the Jal Vikas Annual Issue -2018 is only due to the unconditional support and guidance received from the Editorial Board along with the continuous guidance from Chairman and Members of the Editorial Borad. My thanks are also go to the Editorial Support Team for their untiring commitment and support.

NWDA is publishing the quarterly in-house bulletin ‘Jal Vikas’ since October, 1991. The Journal is being distributed amongst water resources engineers and scientists of various Central/ State Government Departments and other concerned Organisations in the country. The primary objective of this bulletin is to disseminate information on activities and achievements of NWDA.

The Technical Digest published in the bulletin is based on the input provided by various sections of NWDA located in headquarters and field investigation circles and divisions. The details so collated are mainly pertained to the proposed Inter Basin Water Transfers both coming under the Peninsular and Himalayan Rivers Development Components as well as Intra-State Links as studied by NWDA and matters related to Special Committee for Inter Linking of Rivers (SCILR), constituted by the MoWR,RD &GR. While going through the various pages of the issue categorically, you may find each point and fact is relevant to the NWDA objectives, mandated activities and entrusted tasks.

Suggestions of our readers and guidance of my superiors helped to make the in- house butellin of NWDA as one of the published documents of NWDA during these years. Now, the Editorial Board is determined to publish articles in Jal Vikas related with those issues that are directly and indirectly affecting the economical and sustainable development and progress of Water Resources Sectors as indicated in the views generated from the Chief Engineer’s Desk.

With the above cited objectives in mind, may I take this opportunity to request all of you to kindly go through our invitation for contributions of papers that given at the end of this Annual Jal Vikas Issue -2018.

We look forward to receiving your valuable suggestions and support in contributing Technical Papers for adding more value to the Jal Vikas, In-house Bulletin of NWDA.

Jancy Vijayan, Director (MDU)& Member Secretary, Editorial Board& Editor, Jal Vikas, NWDA

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Contents Particulars Page No Article • River Pollution Prevention and Rejuvenation of Rivers- A National Priority 9-31 Technical Digest 32-42 Interlinking of Rivers in Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) 43-57 Water Resources in Media • Gadkari Plans 285 Irrigation Projects in 2018 58 • Rapid Progress in Micro Irrigation 58 • NCR lost 40% of its water bodies in 42 years 59 • Eight key steps to cleaner rivers and higher green cover 60 • Protecting Rivers that enable Farmers to feed us must be India’s priority 63 • Gadkari to visit to Polavaram Project regularly 64 • Naveen writes to PM on Mahanadi Issue 65 • NITI Aayog CEO-led group to study Isha Foundation’s proposals 65 • जल िववाद पर नया कानून लाएगी सरकार 66 • के न बेतवा प�रयोजना म� �फर देरी क� आशंका 67 Glimpses of NWDA • Jal Manthan 69 • Special Committee for ILR 71 • 10th Meeting of the Sub-Committee on System Study 72 • Task Force for ILR 73 • Legal Aspects of Task Force for ILR 73 • NABARD Funding under PMKSY 73 • तकनीक� संगो�ी का आयोजन 74 • Governing Body of NWDA 75 • रा�ी य जल िवकास अिभकरण (राजिवअ) म� स्dच्छाता पखवा डा 76 • Hindi Pakhawada 77 • Involvement of NWDA in India Water Week-2017 78 • Workshop on Vigilance Administration 81 • Involvement of NWDA in India International Trade Fair-2017 82 • 31st Annual General Meeting of NWDA 83 • Appointments on Direct Recruitment/Deputation and Promotion Basis 84 • Participation of NWDA Officials in Trainings/Seminars/Workshops 86 • fgUnh ds c<+rs dne 87 • किवता ^^जल और नारी क� समानता^^ 88 • Invitation of Articles for Publication in Jal Vikas 89 Editorial Board Shri R.K. Jain, Chief Engineer (HQ), NWDA : Chairman Shri K.P. Gupta, Director (Tech.), NWDA : Member Shri Narendra Kumar, Director (Admn.), NWDA : Member Smt.Jancy Vijayan, Director (MDU), NWDA : Editor & Member Secretary

Editorial Support Shri K.K. Shrivastava, Deputy Director Smt. Anita Lalchandani, Assistant Director Shri P. Anjaneyulu, Assistant Engineer Shri Lalit Kumar Siyaniya, Junior Engineer Smt. Nalini Mohan, Steno-II & Smt. Radha, LDC, NWDA The views and opinions expressed by the authors are their own and not necessarily of NWDA 6

Highlights of NWDA Activities Accomplished during the Year 2017

• The important activities targeted and accomplished by NWDA during the reporting period starting from 1st January, 2016 to 31st December, 2016 were:

• Jal Manthan-3rd and 4th were organized on 13.01.2017 and 27-28.07.2017 respectively at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, with the initiative of MoWR, RD & GR.

• 6th,7th,8th, 9th & 10th Meetings of the Group on Legal Aspect Constituted under TFILR of SCILR were held respectively on 02.02.2017, 14.02.2017, 23.02.2017, 09.03.2017 & 17.03.2017.

• 6th, 7th & 8th Meetings of TFILR were held on 13.02.2017, 11.05.2017 and 15.09.2017 respectively.

• 10th Meeting of Sub-Committee on System Studies for Identification of Most Appropriate Alternate Plan was held on 03.03.2017.

• 12th and 13th of Meeting of SC-ILR were respectively held on 08.03.2017 and 27.07.2017.

• Swachhata Pakhwada was organized in NWDA from 16.03.2017 to 29.03.2017.

• 64th Governing Body meeting of NWDA was held on 27.03.2017 under the Chairmanship of Secretary, MoWR, RD&GR at New Delhi.

• Technical Hindi Sangosthi was organized by NWDA during 20-21 April, 2017 at Vadodara, Gujarat with the active support of Vadodara Investigation Division, NWDA.

• Hindi Pakhwada was organized in NWDA during 01-14 September 2017.

• Three meetings of the Financial Group of TLILR have been held respectively on 24.10.2017, 17.11.2017 and 08.12.2017.

• India Water Week-2017 was successfully organized by NWDA during 10–14 October, 2017 by concurrently conducting International Conference and showcasing Water Expo- 2017.

• NWDA set up its own Stall for projecting ILR Projects identified by NWDA in the India International Trade Fair-2017 held during 14-27 November 2017 at New Delhi.

• NWDA Continued with its Concerted Efforts for obtaining the statutory clearances of Ken- Betwa (Phase-I & Phase-II), Par-Tapi-Narmada and Damanganga-Pinjal Link Projects and is provided with either further views on water sharing, suggestions/recommendations for value addition or Clearances of the ILR Projects.

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National Water Development Agency and its Functions

NWDA was set up in July, 1982 by the Government of India as a Society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. It was established under the then Ministry of Irrigation and now the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation (MoWR, RD & GR) to study the feasibility of Inter Basin Water Transfer (IBWT) link projects pertaining to the Peninsular Component of the National Perspective Plan (NPP), Government of India. Subsequently in 1990, NWDA Society resolved to take up the studies of the Himalayan Components of the NPP also. Further on 28.06.2006 preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) of the link projects and Pre- Feasibility/Feasibility Reports (PFRs/FRs) of Intra-State link projects as proposed by various State Governments were also included in the functions of NWDA. The functions of NWDA were further modified vide MoWR resolution dated 19.05.2011 and 07.10.2016. The updated functions of NWDA are:

• To carry out detailed surveys and investigations of possible reservoir sites and interconnecting links in order to establish feasibility of the proposal of Peninsular Rivers Development Component (1981) and Himalayan Rivers Development Component (1994) forming part of the NPP for Water Resources Development prepared by the then Ministry of Irrigation (now Ministry of Water Resources, RD & GR) and Central Water Commission (CWC). • To carry out detailed surveys about the quantum of water in various Peninsular River systems (1981) and Himalayan River systems (1994) which can be transferred to other basins/States after meeting the reasonable needs of the basins/States in the foreseeable future. • To prepare FRs of the various components of the scheme relating to Peninsular Rivers Development (1981) and Himalayan Rivers Development (1994). • To prepare DPRs (2006) of link proposals under the NPP for Water Resources Development after obtaining concurrence of the concerned States. • To prepare PFRs/FRs (2006)/DPRs (2011) of the Intra–State links as may be proposed by the States. The concurrence of the concerned co-basin States for such proposals may be obtained before taking up their FRs/DPRs. • To undertake/construct/repair/renovate/rehabilitate/implement the projects either of its own or through an appointed agency/organization/PSU or company and the projects forming part of ILR, for completion of projects falling under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY)-2016 of which projects under Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme (AIBP) are also included and similar other projects (2016). • NWDA to act as a repository of borrowed funds or money received on deposit or loan given on interest or otherwise in such manner, as directed by MoWR, RD & GR and to secure the repayment of any such borrowed funds/money deposits/loan etc. by way of mortgage, pledge, change or lien upon all or any other property, assets or revenue of the society both present and future (2016). • To do all such other things the Society may consider necessary, incidental, supplementary or conducive to the attainment of above objectives (1981).

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River Pollution Prevention and Rejuvenation of Rivers- A National Priority Jancy Vijayan*, Anjaneyulu**

1.0 Introduction

By definition a river is a channel carrying freshwater flows. The quality and quantity of the flows again depend on the characteristics connected to the hydrological, geo-morphological, socio-economical and ecological behaviours of its river basin. Hence, the availability of adequate quality and quantity of flows of river in space and time with respect to demands play a key role for providing valuable social, environmental and economical services to the human beings and lifes present in ecosystems attached to it. Hence, addressing on river pollution, its prevention and Rejuvenation of Rivers as a mitigative measure is very much important and need of the hour.

Here, a collation of the status of ten most polluted Indian as well as worldwide rivers have been highlighted. A number of insights into the causes of pollutions of the rivers, its adverse impacts to human being as well as animals have been incorporated. When concluding, a way forward towards prevention on pollution and rejuvenation of rivers by considering it as a national priority needed for the sustenance of river’s health as well as social wealth have been covered.

2.0 What is River Pollution?

River pollution may be defined as the contamination of river waters, which are harmful for living beings. If the concentration of harmful substances present in the river waters increases from the admissible levels, the river is said to be polluted.

2.1 Sources and Types of River Pollution

Based on the sources, the river pollutions are broadly classified into three categories: point-source, non-point source, and trans-boundary. When the source of water pollution is from a single point, for example an oil spill, it is called point-source water pollution. When the pollution has multiple sources, like agricultural fields, it is known as non-point source water pollution. When the pollution affects the environment, many miles away from the source, like nuclear waste, it is called trans- boundary pollution.

2.2 Types of River Pollution: There are mainly eight types, which are:

2.2.1 River Pollution through Surface Water -The surface water comprises the natural water resource that is found on the Earth's surface. They include oceans, rivers

------* Director (MDU), **Assistant Engineer(MDU), NWDA, Saket, New Delhi-110017 9 and lakes and small bodies of water, like streams and ponds. When the rivers get polluted as a result of hazardous substance coming into contact and mixing with its waters, it is known as surface water pollution.

2.2 River Pollution through Groundwater - A lot of the Earth's water is found underground aquifers. Humans often use aquifers to obtain drinking water, and irrigation purposes and build wells to access it. A portion of the water recharged in those aquifers naturally draining down to river strata based on gravity. When this water becomes polluted by sinking of the wastes, such as pesticides and fertilizers from agricultural fields; and effluents and other chemicals from domestic and industrial units, the river waters also get contaminated.

2.3 River Pollution through Microorganisms -This is a natural form of pollution caused by microorganisms. Most of the microorganisms thrive in river water and can cause fish, land animals, and humans to become ill. Microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, can cause serious diseases like cholera.

2.4 Pollution through Oxygen Depletion - Microorganisms that thrive in river water feed on biodegradable substances. When a lot of biodegradable material gets mixed with the river water, the number of microorganisms increases and they end up using all the available oxygen present in river waters leading to depletion of oxygen. When oxygen levels in water go down, the aerobic microorganisms die and the anaerobic microorganisms prosper, some of which are harmful to people, environment and animals as they produce toxins like ammonia and sulphides and start generating foul smell and affecting health of human beings and animals.

2.5 River Pollution through Nutrients - Some wastewater, sewage, and agricultural runoffs contain a large amount of dissolved nutrients. When these runoffs contained with excess dissolved nutrients fall into river waters, the river is getting polluted through nutrients and cause excess weed and algae growth. The algae use the oxygen present in the river water, leaving none of it for the rest of the marine life. This can destroy and decay of the aquatic habitat, and lead to contamination of the water rendering it unfit for consumption.

2.6 River Pollution through Suspended Matters - When the molecules of matter present in the river water are too large, they do not dissolve in water. The suspended particles settle down and form a thick layer of silt at the bottom of the river, which harms the marine life on the floor of the rivers. Biodegradable substances suspended in water also cause an accelerated growth of anaerobic microorganisms adversely affecting its purity and causing river pollution.

2.7 River Pollution through Chemicals - Agricultural and industrial activities produce many chemicals that are allowed to run-off into rivers and pollute it. Metals and solvents from industrial units thus pollute rivers, endangering its aquatic life. In farms, chemical pesticides are used to control weeds, insects and fungi. Run-offs of these from the fields tend to poison the aquatic life of rivers, and also harm the birds, humans and other animals that drink the water and/or consume the infected fish species.

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2.8 River Pollution through Oil spills - Oil spills are another cause of river pollution. Small scale oil spills only have a localized effect while the adverse effects of large-scale oil spills can be seen for miles. Spilled oil can cause the death of fish and other aqua/marine creatures numbering into thousands. Oil even sticks to the feathers of birds affecting their ability to fly and routine activity leading to their death.

3.0 Factors Positively Affecting River Pollution

River is one of the main eco-systems on Earth surface comprising of living and non-living components. The effects of pollution on living components of the ecosystems are many and varied in nature based on the distinctive characteristics of species live in it with respect to time and space. The main chemical, physical and microbial factors, which are influencing the river water pollution reported with the following positive impacts: Pollutants/Source Industry Human Agriculture Others Settlement Organic pollutants + + Nutrients (nitrate and + + animal phosphate ) husbandry Heavy metals + + mining, military activities Microbes + + animal husbandry Toxic organic + + + compounds [chemicals, pesticides, Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs)] Pharmaceuticals and + + trace chemicals Suspended particles + + + land use change Nuclear waste +

It is also reported that almost all the rivers around the world are polluted. However, the degree of pollution may be different from mild to severe based on the levels of industrialization, fertilization, population growth, sanitation facilities developed; public awareness created; and policies of concerned Governments and Authorities framed and implemented.

4.0 Statistics on Water Pollution

Almost all people have always preferred to settle down near the rivers and lakes seeing the proximity of availing water for meeting their day-to-day requirement and livelihood. The practice followed can be traced from the ancient times onwards. The matter of concern now is the rate at which the water sources are being polluted. The facts and statistics provided below highlight the plight of pollution:

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According to the data compiled by the United Nation’s World Water Assessment Program (WWAP), which monitors World's Freshwater Resources, 2 million tons of human waste is disposed in worldwide water bodies every single day.

According to the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation, around 1.8 billion people worldwide drink fecally contaminated water and around 748 million people do not have access to an improved drinking-water source.

According to the WWAP, around 90 percent of the total waste in developing countries is diverted to sources like rivers and lakes, without subjecting it to proper treatment.

About 70 percent of the industrial waste, which is dumped in the water bodies―untreated comes from developing countries and industries dump 300 - 400 metric tons of waste―comprising heavy metals and toxic sludge―in water sources every year.

In the United States, the problem of groundwater pollution caused as a result of agricultural activities is quite prominent. A study carried out in 49 states of the US revealed that nitrate was the principal contaminant of groundwater in the country.

Agriculture also plays a significant role in the pollution of larger water bodies in the form of surface run off. In fact, traces of DDT, which was banned in the US way back in 1970s, are still found in the waters of the Atlantic and Pacific.

A study, undertaken back in 90s, revealed that 1,200 million people are affected by water pollution.

Water pollution is in fact, one of the major factors responsible for the death of children under five every year and 443 million school days are lost due to water-borne diseases every year.

Water pollution is one of the raging environmental issues plaguing our planet today. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), around 1.2 trillion gallons of untreated sewage, storm-water, and industrial waste is dumped in US waters annually.

As per UN estimates about 47 percent of the world population will face shortage of drinking water by 2050 at the ongoing rate.

Water pollution in developing countries causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day, mostly due to drinking contaminated water from untreated sewage.

An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indians children’s die of diarrhea every day and so many other countries too, like nearly 500 million Chinese lack access of safe drinking water [1].

Presently, various NGOs, even the Governments of different Nations are trying their best to restrict water pollution. In the United States, the Federal Water Pollution

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Control Act (1972), which is also known as the Clean Water Act, the Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act (1972), also known as the Ocean Dumping Act, and the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) etc are put in place to tackle the menace. However, mitigating water pollution in U.S.A is also a matter of concern. Let us see the Acts framed for protection of rivers and maintaining its sustainability in India.

5.0 Water Acts Framed in India

5.1 The Wild Life Protection Act, 1972

The Government of India enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 with the objective of effectively protecting the wild life of this country and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives. The Act was amended in January 2003 and punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more stringent. The Ministry of Environment and Forests has proposed further amendments in the law by introducing more rigid measures to strengthen the Act. The objective is to provide protection to the listed endangered flora and fauna and ecologically important protected areas.

The provisions of Section 35(6) of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 prohibit anybody from stopping or enhancing the flow of water into or outside a National Park, except by permission from the Chief Wild Life Warden. It further states that no such permit shall be granted unless the State Government in consultation with the National Board is satisfied that the change in the flow of water into or outside the National Park is necessary for the improvement and better management of wildlife therein[2].

5.2 The Water Prevention and Control of Pollution Act, 1974

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in 1974 to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution, and for maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water in the country. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act was enacted in 1977 to provide for the levy and collection of a cess on water consumed by persons operating and carrying on certain types of industrial activities. This cess is collected with a view to augment the resources of the Central Board and State Boards for the prevention and control of water pollution constituted under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. The Act was amended firstly in 1988 and lastly in 2003. Through the Act, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) at the Centre and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) in various States of India are established. Functions and powers of the CPCB/SPCBs are subsequently included with following main objectives:

• Comprehensive programmes for the prevention, control or abatement of water pollution; • Collecting, analysing and disseminating water pollution information and inspecting sewage and effluents generated; • Evolving economical methods of sewage treatment, utilization and disposal of sewage; • Prohibition of the use of rivers or aquifers for effluent disposal; and 13

• Using the powers of withdrawal of consent on setting up of Industrial units and related components.

5.3 The Forest Conservation Act, 1980

Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 is a unique piece of legislation, and a regulatory mechanism that reflects the collective will of the nation to protect its rich biodiversity and natural heritage and that permits only unavoidable use of forest land for various developmental purposes. It embodies the firm commitment of the Government of India to balance the conservation of forests with the sustainable development need of the country contributing to better environment, health and economy.

The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 came in to force with effect from October 25, 1980. Under the provisions of this Act, prior approval of the Central Government is essential for diversion of forest lands for the non-forestry purposes. Guidelines have been issued under the Act from time to time, to simplify the procedures, to cut down delays and to make the Act more user’s friendly. To ensure this, new rules under this Act have been framed and notified on 10/1/2003 by the Ministry of Environment and Forests.

In the Act, there is a clause to help protect rivers that pass through the forests, including putting restrictions on mining of minor minerals from the beds of such rivers. Section 4.6 of the Act says that extraction of minor minerals shall not be permitted, if the river bed is in a national park or a wildlife sanctuary, unless such extraction is for the benefit of the forest or wildlife and extraction of minor minerals from a river shall be permitted from the middle of the river bed after leaving one fourth of the river bed on each bank untouched.

5.4 The Environment Protection Act, 1986

The Environment (Protection) Act was enacted in 1986 with the objective of providing protection and improvement of the environment. It empowers the Central Government to establish authorities [under section 3(3)] charged with the mandate of preventing environmental pollution in all its forms and to tackle specific environmental problems that are peculiar to different parts of the country. The Act was last amended in 1991[3].

This is indeed a very powerful Act gives the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests and now the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests & Climate Change substantial powers to protect India’s rivers directly and indirectly, when developmental projects are sanctioned under the Act. In the Act, environment includes water, air and land and the inter-relationship which exists among and between water, air and land, and human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organism and property. “Environmental Pollutant” means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance present in such concentration as may be, or tend to be injurious to environment.

Under the Acts various notifications relating to the constitutions of Ganga River Conservation Authority and National Ganga River Basin Authority and related 14 notifications to various riparian State Governments of the river Ganga, namely Uttarakhand, Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh wherein at many places it is mentioned that the State Governments concerned are required to coordinate and implement the river conservation activities at the State level and take steps for comprehensive management of River Ganga in their States and such measures, like augmentation of sewerage infrastructure, catchment area treatment, protection of flood plains, creating public awareness so as to prevent, control and abatement of pollution in the river Ganga to maintain its water quality and to take such other measures relevant to river ecology and management in the State[4].

In addition, the notifications are informed with action points to be taken by the corresponding State Government regarding implementation of river basin management plan, maintenance of minimum ecological flows in the river Ganga, monitoring and review of various implementation programmes or activities taken up by the implementing agencies for prevention control and abatement of pollution in the river Ganga.

5.5 The Electricity Act, 2003

Section 8(2) of the Act states, the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) shall, before concurring in any hydropower scheme submitted to it under sub-section (1) have particular regard to, whether or not in its opinion,- (a) the proposed river-works will prejudice the prospects for the best ultimate development of the river or its tributaries for power generation, consistent with the requirements of drinking water, irrigation, navigation, flood-control, or other public purposes, and for this purpose the Authority shall satisfy itself, after consultation with the State Government, the Central Government, or such other agencies as it may deem appropriate, that an adequate study has been made on the optimum location of dams and other river-works.

This provision gives the CEA powers to give concurrence to hydropower projects only after satisfying that the proposal is optimum with respect to all other uses of the rivers.

5.6 Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority Act 2005

The Act is framed to make a law to provide for the establishment of the Maharashtra Water Resources Regularity Authority (MWRRA) and regulate water resources within the State of Maharashtra, facilitate and ensure judicious, equitable and sustainable management, allocation and utilisation of water resources, fix the rates for use of water for agriculture, industrial, drinking and other purposes, and matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

The water regulatory Act again indicates that major cities, towns and industries were discharging untreated effluent into nearby streams and rivers leading to unacceptable pollution levels in the waters of these streams and rivers; management of the water resources of the State shall be decentralized to the lowest practicable level on the basis of hydrological or watershed units and the State shall be divided into 5 river drainage basins and appropriate river basin agencies shall be established within each river basin; the river basin agencies shall have the responsibility and authority for 15 the integrated planning, development and management of the water resources and watersheds of their respective river basins for flood management, drought management and operation and maintenance of water storage and delivery infrastructure; the Pollution Control Board and Municipalities / Corporations may have drawn up Action Plans to improve the water quality through effluent treatment / sewage treatment and use of treated sewage water for irrigation; the Action Plans may be discussed together along with the financial implication and status of implementation; the expected status of water quality Post Action plan may also be given; and the present low flow (minimum flow in summer months) may be indicated at various parts in the system along with the required flow recommended by Pollution Control Board[5].

A number of other States, like Uttar Pradesh (2008) and Andhra Pradesh (2009) have come out with such Acts. However, both the Acts of Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh do not explicitly mention about the protection of rivers or provision of environmental flows. Some of the States of India are still in the processes of framing their own Water Resources Regulatory Authority Act.

5.7 National Water Policy-1987, 2002 and 2012/13

National Water Policy 1987, 2002 and 2012/13 addresses the importance of water, rivers and river basin related issues. It declares water as a scarce national resource fundamental to life, livelihood, food security and sustainable development of water resources [6]. It projected that safe drinking water is a basic need and a right for every human being; clean, safe and adequate fresh water is vital to the survival of all organisms and smooth functioning of key systems, entities and economies; and water based eco-systems provide a diversity of services vital for human well-being and poverty alleviation and delivery of fresh water is a particularly important service both directly and indirectly. While water pollution and contamination weakens or destroys the natural eco-system that supports human health, food production and bio-diversity polluted water can lead to serious problems with diseases and death of humans, animals, plant and vegetation [7].

The policy documentation again states that when consider the importance of rivers in decision making processes, it is necessary to valuing the services provided by a river, either in qualitative or in quantitative terms [8].

While summing up the above cited Acts, it is imperative to mention that a number of action points have been taken up based on the above cited Acts/Policies. For example, as per the “The Wild Life Protection Act-1972”, in February 2008, the proposal for survey for the Chambal Development Scheme involving four Hydropower Projects (Rahu Ka Gaon, Gujjapura, Jaitpura & Barsala) on Chambal river in Rajasthan was not granted clearance by the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife. Similarly after a long agitation, the Union Government in October 2010 decided to abandon the plans to construct hydropower projects on Bhagirathi river upstream of Uttarkashi in Uttarakhand and declared the 135 km stretch of the river as an ecologically sensitive zone [9].

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6.0 Decision on Water Pollution in International Arenas

At the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, the main issues expressed regarding problems affecting water quality and aquatic ecosystems were with respect to untreated domestic sewage, uncontrolled industrial discharges, deforestation and poor agricultural practices [10]. The public awareness relating to the protection of the freshwater resources as well as monitoring of the ecological and human health effects were also considered and found to be inadequately addressed. Based on the Agenda- 21[11], the plan of work adopted to conserve and protect the environment is called for and decided for the adoption of a catchment management approach and “polluter pays” principle with action plans on ecosystem restoration and monitoring, groundwater protection, treatment facilities for domestic sewage as well as industrial effluents and rational use of fertilizers and pesticides.

Further, during its 6th session of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD-6) held in 1998, noted that since the Rio declarations, the improvements in water quality in a number of river basins and groundwater aquifers have been started, wherever follow up actions have been incorporated. However, the overall progresses obtained are not sufficient to reduce the general trends of water quality deterioration and growing stress on freshwater ecosystems. When review the conditions of the rivers not only in India but also worldwide, it is indicated that the unsustainable trends prevailing at the time of Rio and CSD-6 have not been fully reversed, the pollution of freshwater still remains a major cause of Global concern and a threat to the sustenance of aquatic ecosystems. Hence, the Global Co-operation needed for addressing these issues is to be strengthened [12].

In the Ministerial Declaration of the 2nd World Water Forum-2000, it is again stressed and stated that the framework for action to implement the vision is to be focused. The industrialized countries have too faced with several freshwater pollution problems controlling domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes. Over the last 20 years, industrial waste and discharges of many toxic substances have begun to decline, primarily through technical solutions and usage of advanced technologies. Municipal waste treatment plants have also been helped to considerably reduce faecal contamination [13] and organic pollution from untreated human wastewater [14]. However, problems concerning pollution still remain from non-point sources and groundwater contamination [15], especially through nitrate and heavy metals. Contaminated sediments also appear to pose a great threat to the rivers as they pollute surface and groundwater for years together.

It is also brought to the notice of various communities that in the light of the world population increase, water pollution problems are expected to worse further, especially in those stretches, where rapidly growing urban population involve therein with unsustainable development activities, without following adequate control and monitoring measures. From a study conducted in this respect, it is highlighted that while the population load doubles, the concerned pollution load tends to increase 5-10 times more than that of the base line level [16].

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7.0 Polluted River Stretches Identified in India

The water quality data of rivers in India is analysed and monitored in various locations by the CPCB under National Water Quality Monitoring Programme of Government of India is performed under the provision of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 considering human uses of water as base for identification of water quality objectives. The exercises are being carried out where the water quality criterion exceeds the safer levels and are identified as polluted locations with respect to risk. Priority levels of polluted stretch are accordingly characterised based on the risk attached to it. The location, where the BOD is more than 30 mg/l is considered fit for sewage treatment plant and harmful even without dilution for riverine species including human beings. Again, if BOD of a river location is higher than 6 mg/l, the river stretch is treated as a polluted one and identified it for undergoing remedial actions [17].

River stretches identified in India based on priority levels: Priority Priority Categorisation Based on Criteria Stretches Identified Priority-1 ♦ Monitoring locations exceeding BOD 35 Numbers concentration 30 mg/l. ♦ All monitoring locations exceeding BOD 6 mg/l on all occasions. Priority-2 ♦ Monitoring locations having BOD 15 Numbers between 20-30 mg/l. ♦ All monitoring locations exceeding BOD 6 mg/l on all occasions. Priority-3 ♦ Monitoring locations having BOD 26 Numbers between 10-20 mg/l. ♦ All monitoring locations exceeding BOD 6 mg/l on all occasions Priority-4 ♦ Monitoring locations having BOD 38 Numbers between 6-10 mg/l. Priority-5 ♦ Monitoring locations having BOD 36 Numbers between 3-6 mg/l ♦ The locations exceeding desired water quality of 3mg/l BOD. Total 150 Numbers

Here, it is important to view how the water pollution affects animals also.

8.0 Water Pollution Effects on Animals

While humans only feel the harmful consequences of water pollution when they consume the contaminated water, go swimming in polluted water sites or make aquatic life forms from the polluted water bodies as part of their diet, animals are easier victims of the harmful effects of water pollution. While humans have the option of treating polluted water to make it safer and drinkable and can always choose not to bathe in the polluted waters or refrain from eating aquatic animals, animals are not capable of resorting to any of these alternatives to escape the toxicity of water that has been

18 contaminated mainly by human activities and natural pollutants/ wastes [18] and common issues faced by them are as follows:

• Chemical contaminants carried by industrial wastes kill a lot of smaller aquatic organisms, such as frogs, fish, etc. This, in turn, causes a loss of food source for bigger aquatic creatures, leading them to either consume poisoned, dead fish and perish, or leave their natural habitat to go in search of food in other aquatic quarters. Often, this leads to sickness and death of these animals due to the inability to adapt to the changed or new environments. • An excess of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water, leads to an increased growth of toxic algae and aquatic plants that cause depletion of oxygen and poisoning and death in fish and other animals who feed on them. • Presence of too much mercury leads to hormonal imbalances and glandular damage, leading to abnormal behavioural shifts. Also, mercury is a toxic metallic chemical that gives a huge blow to the reproductive functions, growth and development of animals that are continuously exposed to high doses of it. • Oil spills that introduce unhealthy amounts of oil into the marine environment also make marine animals sick and lead to their unnatural deaths. • Dumping solid trash such as plastic, metallic scrap, garbage, etc., may block water bodies and aquatic channels, which in turn can cause small animals to get trapped in the debris. Most water-dwelling animals tend to suffocate or drown on being trapped and unable to swim. • Polluted water used for irrigation also contaminates the soil and the agricultural produce. This may lead to health issues in herbivorous animals who feed on agricultural plants and leftovers. • Pollutants from agricultural field can radically alter the metabolism of a number of soil-dwelling bacteria and insects, making them perish or unsuitable for consumption by common predators of the local ecosystem. • Atmospheric pollutants may get mixed with clouds and fall back on earth as acid rain. This toxic shower is potent enough to inflict mortal injuries to any life form that gets exposed to it.

From the above cited points, we can easily see that the animals affected adversely harder than humans, when water is polluted. Although huge steps need to be taken on national, regional and local levels to arrest this situation before it goes totally out of control from our hands, so that lesser animals may enter into the list of “Extinct Species” or being marked as “Endangered Species”. In this context let us examine the status worldwide rivers reported upon.

9.0 Most Polluted Rivers of the World and India

The water bodies have always been considered as excellent sources of water and food and have been called as 'Sources of Life'. Apart from being sources of sustenance, rivers have also been aided in formations of advanced civilizations and building up transportations and trades. Today, a large number of rivers in the world have been 19 polluted and many of the rivers are on the verge of dying. Let's take a look at the most polluted rivers in the world as well as in India.

9.1 Most Polluted Rivers of the World

The topmost rivers of the world, which are severely polluted, are briefly covered as per their degree of pollution in ascending order. The order may change up and down based on the monitoring and preventive measures taken by the concerned Authorities/States/Governments.

9.1.1 Cuyahoga River, United States Flowing through the Cleveland, Ohio area, the Cuyahoga river has been subjected to numerous forms of pollution, particularly due to industrial waste, caught fire numerous times since 1868 and lastly in June 1969. Interestingly, the plight of the Cuyahoga river helped to promote the ecological movement across the United States, with the theme “Ecology Now.” The action led to passage of Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1972, which establishes the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States and regulating quality standards for surface waters and was called the Federal Water Pollution Control Act [19]. 9.1.2 Buriganga River, Bangladesh

Buriganga is economically one of the most important rivers of Bangladesh. This river, which has been aiding trade since the 17th century, was also one of the main sources of Dhaka's drinking water. Today, a large mass of it has been extremely polluted water, contaminated by hazardous pollutants such as industrial and household waste, sewage, medical waste, oil, plastics, and dead animals. Reports suggest that as much as 4500 tons of solid waste is discharged every day into the river from the urban centres of Dhaka alone. Despite efforts by certain environmentalist groups, the government of Bangladesh has not been able to execute concrete measures for saving the Buriganga from getting polluted and river emits a foul smell near the urban areas and adversely affects the healthy survival of aquatic life.

9.1.3 Matanza-Riachuelo River, Argentina

Located in the Buenos Aires Province of Central-Eastern Argentina, the Matanza-Riachuelo river has been nicknamed the Slaughterhouse river, because many slaughterhouses and tanneries line its banks and tragically, dump their effluents into the river, polluting its waterway of about 64 km with various toxic chemicals, particularly heavy metals such as arsenic, chromium, mercury, zinc, lead and copper. Raw sewage and 20 household garbage are also added to the mess. Several attempts have been made till date by the Argentinean Government and various Groups to bring the pollution under control but unfortunately, none of them seem to have worked well enough. 9.1.4 Marilao River, Philippines

The Marilao River flows through the Bulacan Province in the Philippines and eventually empties in Manila Bay. The river suffers from various forms of pollution from tanneries, textile factories, piggeries, gold refineries and municipal dumps. The high levels of toxic chemicals and heavy metals in the water are particularly worrisome, as they present a major health hazard. In fact, in places, the water in the Marilao River contains virtually no dissolved oxygen, negating aquatic life to a great degree. Therefore, the Marilao River is considered one of the 50 dead rivers in the Philippines. Fortunately for the people of the Philippines, Greenpeace has been studying the problem of water pollution in the Philippines and produced the report “Hidden Consequences,” which could at least focus attention on the problem and perhaps persuade the Philippine Government to take up action for clean-up of the Marilao and other rivers in this Pacific region.

9.1.5 Sarno River, Italy The Sarno river in southern Italy, near Pompeii and Naples, is widely considered the most polluted river in Europe. The upper reaches of the river near Mt. Sarno are nearly pristine, but the lower portions are more polluted. Though the river is still partially used for transport and fishing, the major portion of it has been polluted by colossal amounts of industrial and agricultural waste. The river is fouled by industrial and agricultural wastes and plenty of urban garbage and organic pollutants. Encouragingly, Italy plans to clean up the Sarno and other rivers in the area and is expected that the remedial and preventive measures will improve its rivers.

9.1.6 Mississippi River, United States The mighty Mississippi River, also called the Big Muddy, because its waters are generally brown, mostly due to sediments and levels of pollutants. In fact, it is sometimes called the Colon of America. In addition to sewage, benzene and arsenic, the worst pollutants from agricultural fields created Dead Zone of 6,000 to 8,000 square miles at the mouth of the Mississippi in the Gulf of Mexico [20]. This has been formed by the Mississippi’s high amount of nitrogen-based fertilizer run-off, which upsets the food chain, creating very low oxygen levels in coastal waters. Green advocates hope to cleanse this impressive river by urging the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) to include agricultural run- 21 off-particularly nitrogen and phosphorus pollution and its permissible levels under the protocols set by the CWA of 1972. 9.1.7 Citarum River, Indonesia

Flowing through the Indonesian province of West Java, the Citarum river is an important resource helping in agriculture, water supply, industry, fishery, and production of electricity. However, the river is in extreme crisis. It is now, filled with millions of tons of domestic and industrial waste. The surface of the water is so densely covered by all the pollutants that the actual river water is hardly visible. All sorts of pollutants such as plastic bottles, tires, rubber gloves, broken household furniture, sewage, harmful chemicals, heavy metals, etc., are present in the river, thus disturbing its ecosystem. The factory owners and dwellers are supposed to treat the water to a desired level after they use it prior to dump it back into the river. But, this process is rarely done and violators rarely prosecuted. In current times, the Asian Development Bank has loaned Indonesia to initiate clean up drive. However, involving in the cleansing up drive may remain more fantasy than reality for many people of Indonesia.

9.1.8 Doce River, Brazil The Doce river, which means “sweet water,” runs through the South-East Brazil for 853 km, providing much needed fresh water for the largest steel making region in Latin America. Unfortunately, on 5 November 2015 a huge tailings dam, operated by Brazilian mining company Samarco, collapsed and a tidal wave of 32m to 40m cubic meters of mining waste washed into the Doce river and across the bucolic countryside of pretty green valleys, villages and farmland killing 19 people and injuring many others. This sludge is so loaded with heavy metals that the aquatic life in the river has been destroyed and returned to normal, devastating the lives of numerous. The cleanup is expected to take more than a decade. It is reported Samarco–a joint venture between the mining giants Vale and BHP Billiton – wants to cover over the mess and reopen the mine and save the river and reverine areas[21].

9.1.9 Yellow River, China The second longest river in Asia and the sixth longest in the world, whose water is filled with a yellow sediment known as loess, hence the river with the name “Yellow River”, originates in the 'Bayan Har Mountains' in Qinghai province of Western China and terminates into the Bohai Sea near the city of Dongying in Shandong province. The river is considered to be 'Cradle of Chinese civilization', and main source of drinking water. The 22 condition of the Yellow river is troublesome in such a way that the water in it is so egregiously polluted and unfit even for agricultural use. The river has become dump yard for toxic waste and tons of sewage turning the colors of the river water other than yellow at many locations. But, there are environment activists, “Green Camel Bell”, established in 2004 in China who would like to clean up the river and is dedicated to the improvement of declining ecosystems in western China. The group is dedicated to educate people and bring back the quality of the Yellow River [22]. 9.2 Most Polluted Rivers of India The topmost rivers of India, which are severely polluted and reported are briefly covered as per their degree of pollution [23] in ascending order. The order may change up and down based on the monitoring and preventive measures taken by the concerned Authorities/States/Governments.

9.2.1 Wardha River

The Wardha River (Varada River) is one of the biggest rivers in Vidarbha region of India. Ironically, Wardha river viewed as a figure of purification by Hindus in this area. Famous historical places were built along the banks. The river is under constant threat of pollution by the discharges of ashes of dead bodies, floral wastes generated on account of pilgrimage, coal mining, agricultural runoff, cattle grazing, fecal contamination, washing of cloths and vehicles. As a result of pollution load, the surface layer of the river has been turned into yellowish and blackish at various spots. The Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) and Consent Appraisal Committee (CAC) have active roles in controlling pollution, but much more to be happened in preventing the pollution and people around the river are forced to use the polluted river water.

9.2.2 Hindon River

The Hindon River, a tributary of Yamuna river in India, originates in Lower Himalayan Range. The river is entirely rainfed and flows between Ganges and Yamuna rivers for 400 km through the districts of Muzaffarnagar, Meerut, Baghpat, Ghaziabad, Noida, Greater Noida before joins Yamuna river just outside Delhi. The industries discharge their effluents, often with no treatment, directly into the Hindon River leading to toxic contaminations and affecting biological diversity of the river ecology. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) levels are zero throughout the length of this river. The tributary, The Kali river is also highly polluted from both raw sewage and industrial discharges and add to the pollution of the Hindon, as it passes through the populated and industrial belt of Uttar Pradesh and is targeted for clean-up under the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA). 23

9.2.3 Musi River

The Musi River is a tributary of the Krishna River and flowing through Telangana State. The city of Hyderabad stands on the banks of Musi river, which divides the historic old city and the new city.The Musi river was the cause of frequent flood devastation of Hyderabad city. The floods of September 28, 1908 caused huge devastation to Hyderabad and killed around 15,000 people. The modern era of the development of the twin cities began soon after the floods in 1908. However, due to indiscriminate urbanization and lack of planning in space and time with respect to population growth, industrialization and urbanization, the river has become a receptacle of untreated domestic and industrial waste dumping place.

9.2.4 Mahi River

The Mahi river flows through the States of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat is one of the major Inter-State West flowing rivers of India. It originates from the northern slopes of Vindhyas at an altitude of 500 m in Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh. The river is facing an intrusion of saline water from sea as there is no surface flow to push the sea water back during a low tide. Due to this, the groundwater becomes saline in many areas. Effluents from industries are also adding to the river and accumulating along the downstream stretches leading to pollution of the river water.

9.2.5 Gomti River

The Gumti or Gomati River a tributary of the Ganges is one of the major sources of water for Lucknow city. According to Hindu mythology, the river is the daughter of the Hindu sage Vashist, and believes that bathing in the Gomti on Ekadashi can wash away sins. The Gomti, a monsoon and groundwater fed river and extends 960 km in Uttar Pradesh and meets the Ganges near Saidpur, 27 km from Varanasi district. The river is under the threat of water pollution and the major sources of polluting the river are found to the wastewater flowing from industrial units, sugar factories and distilleries and residential units, especially from the city of Varanasi. The high pollution levels threaten it's aquatic life. The sewage treatment plant, promoted as Asia's largest one, failed to treat effectively the sewage and solid wastes entering into the river. The plant was intended to intercept about 23 major natural drains before their ways to the river Gomati.

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9.2.6 Oshiwara River

Oshiwara River is a river in Mumbai, India. The river is polluted mainly with industrial effluents and sewage. On its 10 km journey through the relatively pure environment of the national park, it is a clean stream. After that a cocktail of industrial pollutants are emptying into it as it crosses the Oshiwara Industrial Estate and slums of Andheri and cattle-sheds lining along its banks. After the 2005 Maharashtra floods in Mumbai, efforts are on to widen and clean up all the rivers. Some proposals include converting it into a waterway for barges, setting up small farms on its banks and introduce biogas plants to convert waste into energy.

9.2.7 Damodar River

Damodar River is a river flowing across the Indian states of West Bengal and Jharkhand. The river basin is rich in mineral resources and home to large-scale mining and industrial activities. Earlier the river is known as the Sorrow of Bengal because of its ravaging floods in the plains of West Bengal. Since then, the Damodar and its tributaries have been somewhat tamed with the construction of several dams mainly for the generation of hydroelectric power. The Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), came on July 7, 1948, by an Act of the Constituent Assembly of India (Act No.XIV of 1948) for the construction and management of the first multipurpose river valley project of the independent India. With so many coal industries sprouting on Damodar river’s mineral rich banks; the river is highly polluted in West Bengal and Jharkhand.

9.2.8 Sabarmati River

The Sabarmati river extends over the States of Rajasthan and Gujarat and originates from Aravalli hills at an elevation of 762 m in Udaipur district of Rajasthan. The Sabarmati basin is well-developed in water resources and Meshwo and Kharicut canal systems. Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad are the important urban Centres in the basin and the industrial city of Ahmadabad contributes water pollution to the river. Faecal coli form bacteria are also found to be highest in this river stretches.

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9.2.9 Yamuna River

The Yamuna river is the longest and second largest tributary of the Ganges in northern India. It crosses Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. Nearly 57 million people depend on the Yamuna waters. The river accounts for more than 70% of Delhi’s water supplies. The water of Yamuna is of "reasonably good quality" through its length from Yamunotri in the Himalayas to Wazirabad in Delhi. With the discharges of wastewater through about 15 drains between Wazirabad barrage and Okhla barrage, the river is becoming severely polluted. The river describes as a "sewage drain" with Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) values ranging from 14 to 28 mg/l and high coli-form content. There are three main sources of pollution in the river, namely households and municipal disposal sites; soil erosion resulting from deforestation occurring to make way for agriculture along with resulting chemical wash-off from fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides; and run-off from commercial activity and industrial units. It is reported that the Delhi City itself dumps about 58% wastes in Yamuna river.

9.3 The Ganga River

The Ganga River is the India’s largest and holiest River and covers about 26 per cent of the country’s landmass and supports 43 per cent of its population. It is ranked and reported recently as the most severely polluted river in India as well as in the world [24]. The Ganges originates at the Gangotri glacier in the western Himalayas and its drainage area lies in four countries, namely India, Nepal, Tibet (China), and Bangladesh with major part in India. The total length of the Ganga River is reported to 2,525 km and out of which the navigable length is 631 km. The States through which the river passes in India are Uttar Pradesh (28.02%), Madhya Pradesh (21.02%),Rajasthan (13.06%), Bihar (10.86%),West Bengal (8.3%), Uttarakhand (6.15%), Jharkhand (5.85%), Haryana (3.99 %), Chhattisgarh (2.08 %), Himachal Pradesh (0.5 %) and Delhi (0.17 %).

A sharp decline in the quality of the Ganga water is reported to taking place and the causes indicted are the increasing levels of pollution load coming from urban and industrial areas especially located along its banks. Those agloromations discharge untreated wastes and industrial effluents to the river Ganga and its tributaries. Added to this, people bathe in the 'holy' waters with the sacred belief that the water can purportedly cleanse their sins; wash their clothes; cook on its banks; and throw wastages of pooja materials and other left overs and partially burned/dead bodies, especially by those who can’t afford for full cremation rituals. 26

Attempts are made to clean up the Ganges River. However, the efforts considered to be one of the greatest clean up efforts to a polluted river in the world, it has been witnessed failures because of varied reasons, such as fund crises, limitations in timely adaptations of advanced technologies, lack of capacity building and awareness creations and supportive data availability in places [25].

The industrial and municipal waste discharges thus made various segments of the Ganga river even unfit for bathing. Since the Ganga carries industrial and untreated sewage from 114 cities, each having a population of more than 50,000, about 25% of the total pollution load of the Ganga is reported to be coming from the industrial waste and that too from the prominent urban cities of Kolkota, Varanasi and Kanpur. Further, about 75% of the pollution of the Ganga is from untreated sewage, out of which 88% comes from 25 class-I cities.

As a result, in January 1986 the government of India launched the Ganga Action Plan (GAP) with the main objective of pollution abatement, to improve the water quality by Interception, Diversion and Treatment of domestic sewage and toxic and industrial chemical wastes from identified polluting units entering in to the river.

The GAP-I had been selected 25 towns located along the river in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. In 1993, the second phase (GAP-II) continued the programme, but also included the work on four tributaries of the river — Yamuna, Gomti, Damodar and Mahanadi. In August 2009, the Union Government re-launched the Ganga Action Plan with a reconstituted National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA). Under the notification, dated February 20, 2009, the government gave the river the status of a National River. At the time of launching, the main objective of GAP was to improve the water quality of Ganga to acceptable standards by preventing the pollution load reaching the river. However, as decided in a meeting of the Monitoring Committee of Planning Commission in June, 1987, the objective of the GAP was recast as restoring the river water quality to the 'Bathing Class' standard which is as follows:

Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 3 mg/l maximum Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 5 mg/l minimum Total Coliform 10,000 per 100 ml Faecal Coliform 25,00 per 100 ml

According to the observations of the CPCB conducted in July 2013, fecal coliform levels in the mainstream of the river for about 2,500 km from Gangotri to Diamond Harbour indicated that the fecal coliform levels remain above the acceptable level in all stretches as indicated above. In the upper reaches of highly oxygenated stretches too especially in places like Rudraprayag and Devprayag, the fecal coliform levels are found to be higher than permissible levels. Now the pollution levels are a cause of worry mainly for the mega and fast growing cities situated along the river. According to the CPCB’s monitoring data, BOD levels are also high downstream of Haridwar, Kannauj and Kanpur and peak at Varanasi. 27

It is also reported that the tannery, sugar, pulp & paper and chemical industries contribute about 270 MLD of wastewater. While tanneries are large in number and contribute about 8% of the wastewater but is highly toxic and concentrated in Kanpur belt. Sugar, pulp & paper and distillery plants add up to 70% of the wastewater. The inspections by the CPCB showed that out of the 404 units inspected, only 23 required no action. The rest were non-compliant in terms of the laws of the country and the enforcement actions taken are in various stages and still in processes. It is also reported that all these stretches flowing through the mega cities are heavily populated and faced with increasing freshwater withdrawals and demands from the growning population settle along the river sides. Here the point again to be noted is that water is taken from the river for agriculture, industry and domestic and drinking purposes of the cities, but what is returned to the river is only wastewater or effluents.

Now, it is recognized that the entire basin of the river has to be the basis for planning and implementation. Now it is also widely accepted that it is not sufficient enough to plan for one city’s pollution without considering the impacts of the pollution on the upstream and downstream areas of the river. The key problems and preventions mainly needed for pollution abatements are observed as:

9.3.1 Key Problems Observed

• Inadequate provisioning of environmental flow of water to the river • Providing additional and ensured flows during Kumbh Mela • Growing quantum of untreated sewage discharged from cities to the river and • Point-source pollution from industries and discharging of effluents directly to the river without any prior treatment • Massive gap between the generation of domestic sewage and industrial effluents and the treatment capacity developed even in the main stretches of the River Ganga.

Hence, funds and concentrated efforts have been further sanctioned and planned to create infrastructures sufficient enough to collect and convey the sewages and treat them before disposing it to the river.

9.3.2 Pollution Abatement Mechanisms and Establishment of NMCG

In order to make the “Mission on Clean Ganga”, more effective a National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) was established. It is registered as a society on 12-08- 2011 under the Societies Registration Act 1860. It acted as implementation arm of the NGRBA, which was constituted under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act (EPA), 1986. NGRBA has since been dissolved with effect from the 7th October 2016, consequent to constitution of National Council for Rejuvenation, Protection and Management of River Ganga (referred as National Ganga Council) vide Notification No. S.O. 3187(E) dated 07-10- 2016 under EPA 1986. The Act envisages five tier structure at National, State and District Levels to take measures for prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution in the river Ganga and to ensure continuous and adequate flow of water so as to rejuvenate the river Ganga as below:

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• National Ganga Council under chairmanship of Hon’ble Prime Minister of India. • Empowered Task Force (ETF) on river Ganga under chairmanship of Hon’ble Union Minister of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation. • National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG). • State Ganga Committees and • District Ganga Committees in every specified district abutting river Ganga and its tributaries in the states.

The NMCG has been strengthened with a two tier management structure and comprise of Governing Council and Executive Committee. Both of them are headed by Director General, NMCG. Similar to structure at National Level, State Programme Management Groups (SPMGs) acts as implementing arm of State Ganga Committees. Thus the newly created structure attempts to bring all stakeholders on one platform to take a holistic approach towards the task of Ganga cleaning and rejuvenation [27].

Presently, The NMCG under the MoWR,RD&GR have started taking effective, concerted and coordinated actions along with the State Governments for completions of projects ranging from Municipal Sewerage Infrastructure, Ghats and Crematoria, River Front Development, Rural Sanitation, Industrial Development etc on a time bound manner targeting to set all in place by 2019-20. It is a big challenge for the Central and State Governments of India. Everyone now hope that with the above cited arrangements, structural set up, and committed actionsand continued efforts, the River Ganga will regain its purity and run clean once again.

10. Way Forward

10.1 National Green Tribunal Act, 2010

It may recall that India's participation in UN Conferences on Human Environment held at Stockholm in June 1972 and Environment and Development held at Rio De Janeiro in June 1992 resulted in the enactment of the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 providing for establishment of a National Green Tribunal (NGT) for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection. Section 20 of the Act clearly stipulates that the principles of sustainable development, the precautionary principle and the polluter pays principle are to be applied while passing any order or decision or award [28]. The clause is to be applied strigently.

10.2 Composite Water Management Index towards Efficiency Building

Recently, in April, 2017 NITI Aayog, Government of India has developed a Composite Water Management Index as a useful tool to assess and further improve the performance in efficient management of water resources. The index would provide useful information for the States and also for the concerned Central Ministries /Departments for enabling them to formulate and implement suitable strategies including capacity building and awareness creations among public for better management of their Water Resources.

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The Water Management Index has been finalised after an elaborate exercise including seeking feedback from the States and consultation with reputed Experts. The Index has a set of 28 Key Performances Indicators (KPIs) covering irrigation status, drinking water and other water – related sectors, including policy and governance for protection of Water Bodies, like Rivers. The NITI Aayog has also introduced a scoring methodology for ranking of each State, based on their feedback/activities on entry made on each KPI [29]. The scoring assigns the importance given to improvement made by each State Government in their water sector including for their Rivers.The exercises is to be monitored periodically to have positive impacts and benefits in the water sector.

10.3 Establishment of River Management Board

When the management of river water in India is concerned, the core issue is to be understood and considered in such a way that most of the Indian rivers are Inter- State in nature and two or more State boundaries are intercepting in its drainage areas. Hence, supportive and coordinated actions are to be taken involving all stakeholders and people in general concerned for their sustainable development, management and monitoring for the abatments of water pollution, prevention and rejuvenation issues. Recently, ever since the Cauvery and Mahanadi water disputes came in media, there are many discussions on water quantum available for sharing from rivers and river basins as a whole. It would be better, if formation of River Management Board for each river basin, starting with major river basins of India, like Mahanadi, Godavari, Cauvery, Krishna etc and can form as a way forward for generation of amicable solutions at the earliest to ensure prevention of rivers from pollutions, degradations and thereby heading for Rejuvenation of Rivers and River Basins/Sub-Basins with sustenances [30] for ensuring equitable distributions of adequate quality/quantity of river flows.

11.0 Conclusion

It is often reported, “Solution to Pollution is Dilution”. This has been the mantra of people who like to think water pollution can be avoided simply by adding enough water to the water bodies. But, we have to understand that there are too many people and too many demanding hands in demands for availing various uses. But, the alarming fact is that not enough fresh water, even to distribute for drinking purpose. In this circumstance, one has to realize that one of the world’s biggest problems is lack of clean or pollution free drinking water and that adequate fresh water is to be conserved, preserved from getting polluted and used efficiently and effectively in various demanding sectors of water resources.

The polluted rivers mentioned above in India and Worldwide are objectionably dirty, some of which are so much incredibly filthy as sighted above in such a way that we may have to wonder why anybody including us would go nearer to them and drink from them. Yet we do so, as we must, because we have little or no choice or option other than that. Then we can even think about the apathetical situations of animals that struggle to alive in those polluted river regions and waters.It is indeed unfortunate that most rivers, which could have been used for various constructive proposes, are being polluted and contaminated largely due to human interventions and negligence. Thus, river as an important source of food, water and daily livelyhood is now facing dangerous and alarming crises. However, hope remains with the thinking that our rivers will allow 30 flows of fresh water as long as Central/State Governments along with Regional/Local and People at large start show sensitivity and responsibility to view the vision on prevention on river pollutions and rejuvenations of rivers in a focussed manner as a national priority for fulfilling each one’s necessities.

12.0 Reference

1. F.W. Owa, 2014, “Water pollution: sources, effects, control and management”, International Letters of Natural Sciences, ISSN 2300-9675 2. Website http://envfor.nic.in/division/wildlife 3. The Environment Protection Act, 1986, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Department of Environment, Forests & Wildlife, Government of India. 4. Website http://www.moef.nic.in/water_pollution 5. Technical Manual for preparation of State Water Plans for basins, MWRRA, 2007. 6. National Water Policy 1987, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India. 7. National Water Policy 2002, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India. 8. National Water Policy 2012/13, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India 9. South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers & People; May 2012; Rivers: Legal and Institutional Issues in India 10. Boon, 2001, Protecting water Resources; Pollution Prevention; Thematic Background paper: International conference on fresh water. 11. UNEP,2000, Global Environment Outlook – 2000, London, Earthscan. 12. World Resources Institute, UNEP, UNDP & the World Bank (1996), World Resources 1996-97, New York, Oxford University Press. 13. Shiklomanov, I.A.,1997, Comprehensive Assessment of the Freshwater Resources of the World: Assessment of water resources and water availability in the world, CSD5, Stockholm, World Meteorological Organisation and Stockholm Environment Institute. 14. IUCN,2000, Vision for water and nature: A world strategy for conservation and sustainable management of water resources in the 21st century, background paper to the Hague conference by IUCN, World Water Vision & World Water Council. 15. McCartney, M.P, Acreman, M.C. & Bergkamp, G.,1999, Vision for Water and Nature: Freshwater ecosystem management and environmental security, Background paper to Vision for Water and Nature Workshop, San Jose (Costa Rica), 20-22 June 1999. 16. Vandana Shiva,2000, Feeding frenzy, in The Guardian, 17 May 2000. 17. Polluted River Stretches in India ; Criteria and Status; Central Pollution Control Board, GoI 18. https://helpsavenature.com/effects-of-water-pollution-on-animals 19. https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act 20. https://www.epa.gov/tmdl/impaired-waters-and-nutrients 21. https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/oct/15/samarco-dam-collapse-brazil- worst-environmental-disaster-bhp-billiton-vale-mining 22. http://www.uu.se/en/media/news/article/?id=5336&typ= 23. http://kanigas.com/10-most-polluted-rivers-of-india/ 24. soapboxie.com/social-issues/What-Are-the-10-Most-Polluted-Rivers-in-the-World 25. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_of_the_Ganges#Ganga_Action_Plan 26. Source: Sunita Narain, 2014, Ganga, The River, Its Pollution and what We can do to Clean it, A Centre for Science and Environment briefing paper, Published by Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi. 27. http://nmcg.nic.in/about_nmcg.aspx 28. Water Pollution in India, Eighth Report, Public Accounts Committee(2014-15), Ministry of Environment and Forests 29. NITI Aayog; Composite Water Management Index, Government of India; April 2017 30. SC reserves Cauvery Verdict, The Hindu, Delhi Edition, dated 21 September, 2017 31

Technical Digest

I Feasibility Studies for Inter Basin Water Transfer Projects

IA. Peninsular Component

The Surveys & Investigation (S&I) works and preparation of Feasibility Reports (FRs) of all 16 Inter Basin Water Transfer (IBWT) Projects under Peninsular Component have been completed except two minor link projects viz. Bedti–Varda and Netravati– Hemavati. Reviews of the studies conducted by NWDA on the proposed IBWT projects of Mahanadi-Godavari and Godavari-Krishna are also going on in consultation with the concerned State Governments as given below:

IA.1. Bedti-Varada Link Project

The Government of Karnataka has conveyed their concurrence for preparation of the FR, but the work was stalled due to opposition of local NGO, who demanded that Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies for the concerned area should be done first by the Government of Karnataka with approved Terms of Reference (ToR). The representative of the Government of Karnataka now informed that the EIA studies of Bedti-Varada link project have been entrusted as per the ToR prepared by NWDA to a consultant by the Government of Karnataka.

IA.2 Netravati-Hemavati Link Project

The Government of Karnataka has not conveyed their concurrence for preparation of the FR of Netravati-Hemavati Link so far. The representative of the Government of Karnataka informed that the Government is prepared a DPR of Yettinhole Project for envisaging transfer of Netravati water in their own regions. NWDA examined report and observed that both the proposals namely, (i) Yettinhole project as proposed by Karnataka State and (ii) Netravati-Hemavati link project as proposed by NWDA as a part of the NPP, MoWR, RD & GR, Government of India can be planned.

IA.3 Alternative Studies on Mahanadi-Godavari Link for DPR Preparation

As decided in various meetings of the Sub-Committee of the SCILR on System Studies for identification of most appropriate alternative plan for the proposed Mahanadi-Godavari link project has been revised by the National Institute of Hydrology (NIH), Roorkee incorporating the hydrological and multi reservoir simulation studies. The report thereafter was discussed in various meetings of NWDA/SC-ILR. The Government of Odisha has not agreed with the water balance study carried out by the NIH and made certain observations on the study, which are being examined by NWDA.

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IA.4 Status of Godavari-Krishna Link Project

NWDA has also revised the water balance study of Godavari basin at Inchampalli dam site by considering the views of Telangana State and also the latest available data. The study was presented to the Sub-Committee for System Studies and opinioned that NWDA should reassess the ultimate water utilization data as an independent expert, based on the data as given in the published/authenticated reports of Telangana State and re-work the water balance and re-submit to Sub–Committee. Accordingly, the project details from the published documents pertaining to Godavari basin from the Government of Telangana were obtained and the study was revised. The results obtained are:

Details As per Revised WBS Present Study (2016) of NWDA vide TS 99 (Considering the Utilization Data as (2015) per Telangana Government ) 75% 50% 75% 50% Surface Water 7691 22170 5002 19481 Balance (MCM)

The Sub–Committee desired that the reason of reduction in yield and water balance should be indicated in the report.

IB. Himalayan Component

Out of the total 14 links identified in the NPP under the Himalayan Rivers Development Component, FRs of 2 link projects namely, Sarda-Yamuna and Ghaghra- Yamuna pertaining to the Indian portion are completed. The draft FRs pertaining to the 7 links as given below are also completed.

i) Yamuna-Rajasthan link ii) Farakka-Sunderbans link iii) Ganga(Farakka)-Damodar-Subernarekha link iv) Subernarekha-Mahanadi link v) Chunar-Sone Barrage link vi) Rajasthan-Sabarmati link viii) Gandak-Ganga link

The S&I works of Kosi-Ghaghara link project components, which are coming under Indian Portion, have been completed by March 2013. The S&I works and preparation of the draft FR of M-S-T-G link have also been completed during the year 2017. In addition to this, the S&I works using Remote Sensing Technology pertaining to Sone Dam - Southern Tributaries of Ganga (STG) link project have also been completed.

Remaining two link projects presently not considered in target for studies are Kos-Mechi and Jogighopa-Teesta-Farakka (J-T-F) as the Kosi-Mechi link lies entirely in Nepal and J-T-F link project is an alternate of the M-S-T-G link project. Additional studies and consensus buildings on M-S-T-G link projects are going on with the 33 concerned State Governments of West Bengal, Assam and Bihar and neighbouring countries of Nepal, Bhutan and China.

II. Preparation of DPRs under National Perspective Plan

Under Peninsular Component of the NPP four links, viz. Ken-Betwa (K-B), Damanganga-Pinjal (D-P), Par-Tapi-Narmada (P-T-N) and Mahanadi-Godavari (M-G) link projects have been identified as priority links for the preparation of DPRs.

The DPRs for the K-B link project (Phase-I) and D-P link project have been completed in August, 2010 and March, 2014 respectively. The DPR of the K-B link project (Phase-II) has been completed in January, 2014 and is under modification in consultation with the Government of Madhya Pradesh. The DPR of the P-T-N link project has been completed in August, 2015 and revised in May, 2017 as per the suggestions of the Government of Gujarat. Sankosh-Mahanadi-Godavari linkage system has been identified for consensus building process. NWDA had prepared the FR of the M-G link project. However, the Government of Odisha was not agreed for the M- G proposal due to large submergence of the proposed Manibhadra Reservoir. As such, NWDA has prepared alternative proposal with minimum submergence, which under consideration.

1. K-B Link Project (Phase-I)

The present status of various clearances on the DPR of K-B link project (Phase-I) are as under:

Sl. No. Activity Present status (i) Techno-economic The clearance to the project has been recommended Clearance by by the Advisory Committee of MoWR, RD & GR headed Advisory by Secretary (WR, RD & GR) in its 129th meeting held Committee, on 08.07.2016. MoWR, RD & GR (ii) Statutory Clearances (a) Wildlife Standing Committee of National Board on Wild Life Clearance(WC) (NBWL) of MoEF&CC chaired by the Hon’ble Minister (MoEF&CC) recommended for accord of WC in its 39th meeting held on 23.08.2016. (b) Environment Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of MoEF&CC Clearance(EC) considered and recommended for accord of EC in its meeting held on 30.12.2016 with certain conditions. The MoEF&CC later accorded EC vide letter dated 25.08.2017. (c) Forest Land The Forest Advisory Committee (FAC) considered the Diversion project in the meeting held on 16.05.2017 and Clearance (FLDC) recommended for accord of the FLDC. Stage-I clearance issued on 25.05.2017 with certain conditions. (d) Clearance from For the K-B Link Project [KBLP], the MoTA has Ministry of Tribal accorded the clearance vide letter dated 34

Sl. No. Activity Present status Affairs(MoTA) 04.01.2017.

(e) Investment MoWR, RD & GR has accorded the Investment Clearance Clearance vide letter dated 19.06.2017.

(f) Funding Pattern Cabinet Note for 90% : 10% [Central : State] funding pattern prepared and circulated on 21.02.2017 with the approval of Hon’ble Minister WR,RD&GR to concerned Ministries for comments. NITI Aayog vide letter dated 10.03.2017 supported the proposal.

(g) Implementation A draft Cabinet Note for IM duly approved by Union Mechanism (IM) Minister for WR, RD&GR, was circulated on 30.05.2017 to concerned Ministries/ Departments for their comments/views.

(h) Review by The Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister has Principal Secretary reviewed the status of the IM on 03.06.2017 and to Prime Minister decided that the project should be considered first by Public Investment Board (PIB) before the Cabinet. It was decided in the meeting that KBLP would be taken up for implementation through the restructured body of Narmada Hydro-electric Development Corporation (NHDC) as a Special Purpose Vehicle.

The Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister has discussed the KBLP with the officers of Madhya Prades (MP) & Uttar Pradesh (UP) on 04.07.2017. It was decided that since the project is beneficial to both MP and UP both the State Administrations should work out an agreement on mutual water sharing to take the KBLP forward. Once the agreement is reached, both the States may approach the Government of India for further action.

(j) Public Investment The PIB Memorandum for appraisal of KBLP duly Board (PIB) approved by the Secretary, WR, RD & GR has been Memorandum circulated vide letter dated 09.06.2017 to concerned Ministries/Departments for their comments/views

The Hon’ble Minister (WR, RD & GR) convened a meeting with the Hon’ble Chief Ministers of UP and MP States on 25.09.2017 for expedicting the implementation of KBLP (Phase-I) and is under consideration.

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2. K-B Link Project (Phase-II)

The DPR of the KBLP Phase-II was sent to the concerned States of MP and UP in January, 2014. The DPR of KBLP (Phase-II) included Lower Orr Dam and other barrages as proposed by the Government of MP. Subsequently, the Bina Complex Project was added to it and two barrages- Neemkheda and Barari were dropped. In the DPR of KBLP (Phase-II), the main components that now included are Lower Orr, Kotha Barrage and Bina Complex and are under finalization.

In addition to the above cited facts, the Government of MP has requested for enhancing the Culturable Command Area (CCA) in MP from 3.57 lakh ha to 4.47 lakh ha. The issue is under consideration.

3. Twin Link Projects of Maharashtra and Gujarat

The D-P Link Project (DPLP) and P-T-N Link Project (PTNLP) are recognized as the twin link projects concerning to the State Governments of Maharashtra and Gujarat. The DPLP benefits Maharashtra while PTNLP benefits Gujarat. The DPRs of both the link projects are ready. The CWC has completed the Techno-Economic appraisal of DPLP. The Techno-Economic appraisal of the PTNLP is in advance stage.

The matter regarding sharing of water through the link projects is under discussions between the officials of the two Governments and NWDA. In this context, the Secretary (WR, RD&GR) also held meetings with Hon’ble Chief Minister, Gujarat on 31.12.2016; 06.05.2017; and 05.07.2017 at Gandhi Nagar.

The MoU for implementations of these two projects is under preparation. Hon’ble Chief Minister, Maharashtra vide letter dated 20.07.2017 has requested for including 4 Intra-State link projects viz. Par-Nar-Girna Valley, Par-Godavari, Damanganga- Godavari and Damanganga-Vaitarna-Godavari for their DPR preparations/ implementations.

Susequently, Hon’ble Union Minister for WR, RD & GR held a meeting on the projected issues with Hon’ble Chief Minister of Maharashtra on 08.09.2017 at Mumbai. Hon’ble Union Minister for WR, RD & GR held a meeting also with Hon’ble Chief Ministers of Maharashtra and Gujarat States recently on 25.09.2017 at New Delhi and discussed the MoUs between Maharashtra and Gujarat States for water sharing and implementation of the DPLP/PTNLP and 4 Intra-State links as proposed by Maharashtra. The response of both the State Governments was encouraging.

III. Preparation of PFRs of Intra-State Link Projects

As a follow up of the decisions taken during the presentation before the Hon’ble Prime Minister, Government of India on 11.10.2004, the Ministry of Water Resources in June 2005 conveyed its approval to identify Intra-State links in the State like Bihar and prepare PFRs/FRs of Intra-State links by NWDA. The work has now been added in the functions of NWDA after the approval in the Special General Meeting of NWDA Society held on 28.06.2006.

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Subsequently, NWDA has requested all the States / UTs to inform the details of Intra–State links pertaining to their region for further studies by NWDA. So far, NWDA has thus received 47 proposals of Intra – State links from the 9 States of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Odisha, Bihar, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Chhattisgarh and Karnataka. By now, the preparation of PFRs of 36 Intra-State Links has been completed.

IV. Preparation of DPRs of Intra-State Link Projects

The DPRs of two Intra-State links of Bihar State viz., Burhi Gandak–Noon–Baya– Ganga and Kosi–Mechi link have been completed respectively in December 2013 and March 2014. The Kosi-Mechi Intra-State link project was considered by the Advisory Committee of MoWR, RD & GR in its meeting held on 08.07.2016 chaired by the Secretary (WR, RD & GR). The Advisory Committee (WR, RD & GR) accepted the proposal subjected to the submission of all other statutory clearances from the MoEF&CC, MoTA for R&R of Tribal Population and optimum water utilization. Being Intra-State link, the EIA studies yet to be got done by the Government of Bihar. The DPR of Burhi Gandak-Noon-Baya-Ganga link project is under Techno-Economic appraisal in CWC. The observations received from the various directorates of CWC on hydrology, design aspects, irrigation planning and cost estimates are under various stages of compliance. It is agreed that all the necessary statutory clearances will be obtained by the concerned Government of Bihar.

IV.1. Decision on Preparations of DPRs of Intra-State Link Projects

The work for preparation of the DPRs of Intra-State link projects was added in the functions/mandate of NWDA vide MoWR, RD & GR Resolution dated 19.05.2011 and Gazette notification dated 11.06.2011. Accordingly, the DPRs of the Intra-State link projects as proposed by States are being prepared by NWDA with the funds provided to NWDA through Grants-in–Aid by the Ministry of WR, RD & GR. Recently, the Ministry of WR, RD&GR vide their letter No. 2/12/2015-BM/2217 dated 01.12.2015 has conveyed the following decision regarding the funding of DPR preparations of Intra-State link projects as under:

“NWDA should generally confine itself to inter-state river linkage project DPR. They can take up Intra-State river linkage projects only as consultancy works, if awarded by any State Government. The Government of India fund should not be utilized for DPR preparation of Intra-State river linking projects”.

In view of the above decision/direction given by the Ministry of WR, RD & GR, henceforth the preparation of DPRs of Intra-State link projects by NWDA will be taken up as a consultancy work and the related cost will be borne by the concerned State Government.

Accordingly, the two Intra-State links of Maharashtra: (i) Damanganga (Ekdare)– Godavari link and (ii) Damanganga-Vaitarna-Godavari link have been taken up for preparation of their DPRs on consultancy and payment basis.

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IV.2. Status of Preparation of DPRs of Intra-State Links

Out of total 47 Intra-State links proposal received in NWDA, PFRs of 36 links have been completed. The status of DPRs of Intra-State links suggested by various State Governments is given below:

Status of DPRs of Intra-State Links Proposal

Sl. No. Name of Intra-State Rivers Present Status of Link PFR/ DPR 1. Wainganga (Goshikurd) Wainganga & PFR completed and DPR is in – Nalganga (Purna Tapi) Nalganga progress. 2. Damanganga (Ekdare)- Damanganga & PFR completed. DPR taken Godavari Valley Godavari up. 3. Damanganga-Vaitarna- Damanganga, PFR completed. DPR taken Godavari (Kadva Dev) Vaitarna & up. Valley Godavari 4. Kosi –Mechi [entirely lie Kosi & Mechi DPR completed. in India] Techno-Economic Clearance has been given by the Advisory Committee of MoWR, RD & GR. 5. Burhi Gandak-None- Burhi Gandak, DPR completed and is under Baya-Ganga None, Baya & Techno-Economic appraisal Ganga in CWC

V. Participation/Presentation Made by NWDA during the Year 2017

• Director General (DG) and Chief Engineer (HQ) [CE(HQ)], NWDA attended the Press Conference at MoWR,RD & GR, New Delhi chaired by Hon’ble Minister (WR,RD & GR) on dated 03.01.2017.

• DG, NWDA attended the Meeting of Oral Evidence of the representatives of the MoWR, RD & GR regarding pending assurances at Parliament House Annexxe, New Delhi on dated 05.01.2017.

• DG and CE (HQ), NWDA attended the meeting on Vision Document - 2030 at MoWR, RD & GR, on dated 06.01.2017.

• DG and CE (HQ), NWDA attended the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th meetings of TFILR held respectively on 02.02.2017, 14.02.2017, 23.02.2017, 09.03.2017, 17.03.2017 at Shram Shakri Bhawan, New Delhi.

• DG and CE (HQ), NWDA attended the 5th meeting of Investment Clearance Committee chaired by Secretary (WR, RD & GR) on dated 10.02.2017 at New Delhi.

• DG and CE (HQ), NWDA attended the 6th meeting of Task Force for ILR held on 13.02.2017 at Shram Shakti Bhawan, New Delhi.

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• DG, NWDA attended the Standing Committee on Water Resources meeting for examination of Demands for Grants for the year 2017-18 on 14.02.2017 at Parliament Library Building, NewDelhi.

• DG, NWDA attended the World EX World Conference 2017 on dated 15.02.2017 at Goregaon, Mumbai.

• CE (HQ) attended the 10th meeting of High Powered Steering Committee of MoWR, RD&GR under the Chairmanship of Secretary, MoWR, RD&GR held on 03.03.2017 at MoWR, New Delhi.

• DG and CE (HQ), NWDA attended the 10th meeting of Sub Committee on System Studies for Identification of most appropriate alternative Plan held on 03.03.2017 at CWC, New Delhi.

• 12th meeting of SCILR has been held on 08.03.2017 at New Delhi. DG, NWDA, CE (HQ), NWDA and Senior Officers of NWDA attended the meeting.

• DG, CE (HQ) and Officers of NWDA attended the Hindi Salahkar Samiti of MoWR, RD & GR on dated 15.03.2017, 28.03.2017, 07.06.2017, 21.08.2017 and 07.10.2017 at Shram Shakti Bhawan, New Delhi.

• DG, CE (HQ) and Officers of NWDA attended the World Water Day-2017 on 22.03.2017 organized by CWC at New Delhi.

• DG, CE (HQ) and Officers of NWDA attended the 3rd and 4th meeting of the FAC for the consideration of Forest Land Diversion Clearance of K-B Link project held respectively on 30.03.2017 and 25.04.2017 at Paryavaran Bhawan, Jor Bagh, New Delhi.

• DG, NWDA attended the meeting on National Hydrology Projects at CWC, New Delhi on 06.04.2017.

• CE (HQ), NWDA attended the Interactive Session with the In-service IFS Officers of Phase-I Mid Career Training (MCT) Programme on 06.04.2017 at Shram Shakti Bhawan, New Delhi.

• DG, NWDA attended the meeting with Director, CEH, UK on 07.04.2017 at Shram Shakti Bhawan, New Delhi.

• DG, NWDA attended the meeting on Water Accounting Frame Work on 11.04.2017 at MoWR, RD & GR, New Delhi.

• Hon’ble Minister, WR, RD & GR launched the Mission Bundelkhand (and also Mission KBK & Marathawada) at Malthone (MP) and Lalitpur (UP) on 28.04.2017 to 29.04.2017 at Malathone (MP) & Lalitpur (UP). DG, NWDA and Officials of NWDA attended the programme.

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• DG and CE (HQ), NWDA attended Central Empowered Committee (CEM) meeting held on dated 01.05.2017 at New Delhi based on the minutes of the 39th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife Clearance held on 23.08.2016 in respect of K-B Link Project Phase-I.

• DG, NWDA accompanied to the Secretary, MoWR, RD & GR for the meeting held on 05.05.2017 at Ahmedabad with the officials of Government of Gujarat regarding modifications of the DPR of P-T-N Link Project.

• DG, CE (HQ) and Senior Officers of NWDA attended the Meeting regarding specific issues in respect of K-B Link Project on 08.05.2017 at MoEF&CC, New Delhi.

• DG, NWDA attended the 2nd meeting of Negotiation Committee with respect to complaint of the State of Odisha under Section 3 of The Inter-State River Water Disputes (ISRWD) Act 1956 on 22.05.2017 at CWC, New Delhi.

• DG, CE (HQ), NWDA and other officers of NWDA attended the meeting held on 30.05.2017 at Shram Shakti Bhawan, New Delhi for Extension of tenure of TFILR.

• DG and Director (Tech), NWDA attended the meeting held on 30.05.2017 at NITI Aayog, New Delhi to constitute an Inter-Ministerial Committee for organizing the National Workshop on “Tracking Management Initiative for Water Security.

• CE(HQ), NWDA attended the First meeting of Empowered Committee held on 01.06.2017 at Conference hall of MoWR, RD&GR, New Delhi to monitor the implementation of the balance works of North Koel project.

• CE(HQ), NWDA attended the meeting held on 03.06.2017 at PMO, South Block, New Delhi for K-B Link Project chaired by Principal Secretary to Prime Minister.

• DG and CE (HQ), NWDA attended the meeting of Consultancy Selection Committee (CSC) held for finalization of Technical Evaluation of proposal submitted by the consultancy firm for establishment of PMU on 12.06.2017 chaired by Secretary (Water Resources) at Committee Room, MoWR, RD&GR, SS Bhavan, Rafi Marg, New Delhi.

• DG, NWDA attended the Press conference on 19.06.2017 chaired by Hon’ble Minister, WR, RD & GR, New Delhi at National Media Centre, New Delhi.

• DG and CE (HQ), NWDA attended the meeting chaired by Principal Secretary to PM on 04.07.2017 to discuss “K-B Link Project” at PMO, South Block, New Delhi.

• DG, NWDA attended the meeting held on 11.07.2017 regarding K-B Link Project at MoEF&CC, New Delhi.

• CE (HQ), NWDA attended the meeting held on 17.07.2017 in the Conference Hall, Pt. Deendayal Antyodaya Bhawan, CGO Complex, New Delhi to discuss MoU of Landscape Management Plan and Monitoring with reference to K-B Link Project in Panna Tiger Reserve, MP. 40

• DG, NWDA attended the Conference held on 21.07.2017 on “Swachh Jal Swachh Bharat” and chaired the Session-II on “Cleaning Indian Rivers” at Hotel Hyatt Regency, New Delhi.

• 13th meeting of SCILR was held on 27.07.2017 at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi. DG, NWDA, CE (HQ) and other senior officers of NWDA attended the meeting.

• NWDA organised 3rd IORA Water Science Technology Core Group (WSTCG) Workshop at Hotel Lalit, New Delhi on 05.09.2017. DG and other Senior Officers of NWDA participated.

• The 31st Annual General Meeting (AGM) of NWDA Society was held on 12.09.2017 in Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. DG, CE (HQ) and other Senior Officers of NWDA attended the meeting.

• DG, CE (HQ) and Director (Tech), NWDA attended the 8th meeting of the TFILR held in the Conference hall of MoWR,RD&GR, New Delhi on 15.09.2017.

• CE(HQ), NWDA attended the Workshop on Morphological study of river Ganga, Sharda and Rapti using Remote Sensing techniques held at CWC Auditorium, New Delhi on 18.09.2017 & 19.09.2017.

• DG,NWDA and CE(HQ),NWDA attended the Joint Meeting of Hon’ble Minister(WR,RD&GR) with Hon’ble Chief Ministers of UP and MP held on 25.09.2017 at Shram Shakti Bhawan, Rafi Marg, New Delhi to discuss various issues of K-B Link Project in their respective States.

• DG, CE (HQ), NWDA attended the Joint Meeting of Hon’ble Minister (WR, RD&GR) with Hon’ble Chief Ministers of Maharashtra and Gujarat held on 25.09.2017 at New Delhi in connection with D-P and P-T-N Link Projects.

• DG, NWDA attended the meeting held on 16.10.2017 between Hon’ble Minister (WR, RD&GR) and Hon’ble Chief Minister of Rajasthan to discuss the various issues pertaining to Rajasthan alongwith the status of projects on PMKSY-AIBP and CAD at Committee Room, MoWR, RD&GR, New Delhi.

• CE (HQ), NWDA attended the Ist meeting of the Group on Financial Aspects of TFILR held on 24.10.2017 at Committee Room, CWC, New Delhi.

• CE (HQ), NWDA attended the meeting held on 01.11.2017 on implementation of K- B Link Project in the chamber of JS (RD&PP), MoWR, RD&GR, New Delhi.

• Vigilance Awareness Week 2017 was organized from 31.10.2017 to 05.11.2017. A debate on “My Vision-Corruption Free India” has been conducted on 04.11.2017 among the Officers/Staff, NWDA.

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• NWDA organized “Vigilance & Administration” at Bengaluru on 10.11.2017 & 11.11.2017 in which CE (HQ), CE (South), and other Officers/Staff of NWDA working under CE(South) participated.

• CE (HQ), NWDA attended the meeting regarding discussion on the proposal of Master Plan for integrated rejuvenation and development of Ganga basin held on 14.11.2017 in the Chamber of Secretary, MoWR, RD&GR, Shram Shakti Bhawan, New Delhi.

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ILR in Parliament A. Lok Sabha

1.1 Steps Taken and Current Status on ILR

Under the NPP for water resources development through inter basin transfer of water, for transferring water from water surplus basins to water-deficit basins, prepared by the then Ministry of Irrigation, now Ministry of Water Resources, RD & GR, NWDA has identified 30 links (16 under Peninsular Component & 14 under Himalayan Component) for preparation PFR/FR. The PFR of all the 30 links have been prepared and circulated to the concerned State Governments by NWDA. After completion of S&I works, the FRs of 14 links under Peninsular Component and FRs of 2 links and draft FRs of 7 links (Indian portion) under Himalayan Component have been completed. Present status and the States concerned with the IBWT links projects are given below:

IBWT Links, Name of Rivers, States Concerned, and its Status

Sl. No Name of Link Rivers States Concerned Status Peninsular Component 1 Mahanadi Mahanadi & Odisha, FR Completed (Manibhadra) - Godavari Maharashtra, Godavari Andhra Pradesh, (Dowlaiswaram) Karnataka & Chattisgarh 2 Godavari Godavari & Odisha, FR Completed (Inchampalli) - Krishna Maharashtra, Krishna Andhra Pradesh, (Pulichintala) Telangana, Karnataka & Chattisgarh 3 Godavari Godavari & Odisha, FR Completed (Inchampalli) - Krishna Maharashtra, Krishna Madhya Pradesh, (Nagarjunasagar) Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka & Chattisgarh 4 Godavari Godavari & Odisha, FR Completed (Polavaram) - Krishna Maharashtra, Krishna Andhra Pradesh, (Vijayawada) link Karnataka & Chattisgarh 5 Krishna (Almatti) Krishna & Odisha, FR Completed –Pennar Pennar Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka & Chattisgarh

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Sl. No Name of Link Rivers States Concerned Status 6 Krishna Krishna & -do- FR Completed (Srisailam) – Pennar Pennar 7 Krishna Krishna & Maharashtra, FR Completed (Nagarjunasagar) Pennar Andhra Pradesh, - Pennar Telangana & (Somasila ) Karnataka 8 Pennar Pennar & Andhra Pradesh, FR Completed (Somasila) - Cauvery Karnataka, Cauvery (Grand Tamil Nadu, Kerala Anicut) & Puducherry 9 Cauvery Cauvery, Karnataka, FR Completed (Kattalai) - Vaigai Vaigai & Tamil Nadu, Kerala -Gundar Gundar & Puducherry 10 K-B link Ken & Betwa Uttar Pradesh & FR & DPR (Ph-I & Madhya Pradesh II) Completed 11 Parbati - Parbati, Madhya Pradesh, FR Completed Kalisindh- Kalisindh & Rajasthan & Uttar Chambal Chambal Pradesh (UP requested to be consulted during consensus building) 12 P-T-N link Par, Tapi & Maharashtra & FR & DPR Narmada Gujarat Completed 13 D - P link Damanganga Maharashtra & FR & DPR & Pinjal Gujarat Completed 14 Bedti - Varda Bedti & Maharashtra, PFR Completed. EIA Varda Andhra Pradesh & studies taken up by Karnataka Government of Karnataka 15 Netravati – Netravati & Karnataka, PFR Completed Hemavati Hemavati Tamil Nadu & Kerala 16 Pamba - Pamba, Kerala & FR Completed Achankovil - Achankovil & Tamil Nadu Vaippar Vaippar Himalayan Component 1. Manas-Sankosh- Manas- Assam, FR taken up Tista-Ganga Sankosh- West Bengal, Bihar (M-S-T-G) Tista-Ganga & Bhutan 2. Kosi-Ghaghra Kosi & Bihar , FR in Indian portion Ghaghra Uttar Pradesh & started Nepal

3. Gandak-Ganga Gandak & -do- Draft FR Ganga Completed (Indian portion)

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Sl. No Name of Link Rivers States Concerned Status 4. Ghaghra-Yamuna Ghaghra & -do- FR Completed Yamuna (Indian portion) 5. Sarda-Yamuna Sarda & Bihar, FR Completed Yamuna Uttar Pradesh, (Indian portion) Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand & Nepal 6. Yamuna- Yamuna & Uttar Pradesh, Draft FR Rajasthan Sukri Gujarat, Haryana & Completed Rajasthan 7. Rajasthan- Sabarmati -do- Draft FR Sabarmati Completed 8. Chunar-Sone Ganga & Bihar & Draft FR Barrage Sone Uttar Pradesh Completed 9. Sone Dam – Sone & Bihar & FR taken up Southern Badua Jharkhand Tributaries of Ganga 10. Ganga(Farakka)- Ganga, West Bengal, Draft FR Completed Damodar- Damodar & Odisha & Subernarekha Subernarekh Jharkhand a 11. Subernarekha- Subernarekh West Bengal & Draft FR Mahanadi link a & Odisha Completed Mahanadi 12. Kosi-Mechi link Kosi &Mechi Bihar, West Bengal PFR Completed & Nepal Entirely lies in Nepal

13. Ganga (Farakka)- Ganga & West Bengal Draft FR Sunderbans link Ichhamati Completed 14. Jogighopa-Tista- Manas, Tista -do- (Alternative to M-S- Farakka link & Ganga T-G Link) dropped (Alternative to M- S-T-G)

Four priority links for the preparation of DPRs under Peninsular Rivers Component have been identified viz; K-B link (Phase–I & II), D-P link, P-T-N link and M-G link. The preparation of DPR of a link project is taken up only after getting consent of the concerned State Governments. Based on the concurrence of the concerned States, the DPRs of K-B link project( Phase-I & Phase-II), D-P link and P-T-N link have been completed. The techno-economic clearance and various statutory clearances of the K-B link project phase-I have been accorded. The techno-economic clearance to the D-P link project has also been accorded subject to statutory clearances. The DPR of P-T-N link project is under technical appraisal in CWC.

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The consensus building for the preparation of the DPR of the Mahanadi–Godavari link, a mother link of 9 link system viz., Mahanadi–Godavari– Krishna–Pennar–Palar– Cauvery–Vaigai–Gundar linkage with the concerned State of Odisha is under process.

The ILR programme has been taken up on high Priority. The Government is pursuing the ILR program in a consultative manner.

In respect of K-B link project Phase-I, all the statutory clearances (Environment, Wildlife, Forest and Tribal etc.) except clearance from CEC of Hon’ble Supreme Court have been accorded. Also the DPR of K-B Link Project Phase-II has been revised based on the suggestions of Madhya Pradesh State and the DPRs of Lower Orr dam, Kotha Barrage and Beena Complex are under appraisal in CWC.

The draft MoU for the implementation of K-B link project has been sent to the concerned States of UP & MP for concurrence. Similarly, the draft MoU for the implementation of D-P and P-T-N link projects has been sent to the concerned States of Maharashtra and Gujarat for concurrence.

1.2 Status of Interlinking of Rivers in Gujarat State

In respect of D-P link project and P-T-N link project concerning and benefitting Maharashtra and Gujarat for which the DPRs are ready, Hon’ble Chief Minister of Maharashtra has requested to include four more Intra-State links of Maharashtra in the overall planning. These links are namely (i) Nar-Par-Girna, (ii) Par-Tapi-Godavari, (iii) Damanganga (Ekdare)-Godavari Valley link and (iv) Damanganga-Vaitarna-Godavari (Kadva Dev). Both the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat have agreed to implement these projects.

The Techno-Economic appraisal for the D-P link project has been accorded by the MoWR, RD&GR. The MCGM has submitted the requisite forms to the concerned departments for the MoTA and Forest Land Diversion clearances. The DPR of the P-T-N link project is under appraisal in CWC. The ToRs for the EIA studies with modified scope of the link project has been approved by the MoEF&CC and the studies have been entrusted to M/S WAPCOS Limited.

At the request of the Government of Gujarat, the studies related to Damanganga- Sabarmati-Chorwad Intra-State link project has also been taken up by NWDA. The PFR of this link has been completed. The DPR of the link will be taken up by NWDA.

The implementation of ILR projects involves various steps such as preparation of PFRs/FRs of links, negotiation and consensus building among concerned States, agreement with neighbouring countries (if link involves area lying in those countries), preparation of DPRs of the projects, clearance from appraisal agencies which includes clearance by MoEF&CC and MoTA, Techno-Economic clearance by Advisory Committee on Irrigation, Flood control & multipurpose projects of the MoWR, RD & GR, investment clearance and the construction time required for the completion of the project as per the DPR.

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The stage of implementation of a project would be reached after its DPR is prepared with the consensus of concerned States and the requisite statutory clearances are obtained. Thus, the implementation of the projects will take varying periods of time.

1.3 Whether K-B River Link Project has been stuck between Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh States

The K-B Project has not been struck between UP and MP States. Hon’ble Minister (WR, RD&GR) convened a meeting of Hon’ble Chief Minister’s of UP and MP on 25.09.2017. Both the Chief Ministers agreed for implementation of the project. Draft MoU for implementation of K-B link project has been sent to the concerned States of UP & MP for concurrence.

The Environmental Clearance has been granted by the MoEF&CC vide letter dated 25.08.2017 with certain conditions. The Project Proponent/ Implementing Agency shall abide by all the conditions in totality laid down by the MoEF&CC.

Recently two parties viz., i) Himanshu Thakkar (Appeal no.33 of 2017) and ii) Conservation Action Trust & Anr(Appeal no. 34 of 2017) have filed two separate court cases in National Green Tribunal(NGT), New Delhi to quash the Environmental Clearance accorded by the MoEF&CC for K-B link project (Phase-I). The appeal no.33 of 2017 came up for hearing on 27.10.2017 and 27.11.2017. Similarly, the appeal no.34 came up for hearing on 27.11.2017. Both the appeals have been posted for further hearing on 17.01.2018.

Since the K-B link project is yet to start, the Government has not spent any fund on the implementation of the project. The K-B link project is in advance stage for taking up for implementation. The draft MoU for implementation is under discussion with the concerned States of MP & UP and being finalised.

1.4 Whether some portion of the biosphere reserves and habitats will be submerged due to ILR

Yes, it is a fact that some portion of the biosphere reserves and habitats would be submerged due to ILR in some of the link project components, for which suitable Environment Management Plan (EMP) is suggested in the EIA studies. The implementation of the project can only be taken up after the statutory clearances such as Environment, Wildlife, Forest Land Diversion are obtained both from the MoEF&CC and MoTA.

1.5 Current Status of D-P Link Project

The D-P link project envisages construction of a dam at Bhugad across river Damanganga namely Bhugad dam, a dam at Khargihill across river Vagh, a tributary of Damanganga river namely Khargihill dam, a dam across river Pinjal namely Pinjal dam (proposed by the Government of Maharashtra) and two tunnels of length about 17.488 km and 25.224 km, connecting Bhugad reservoir with Khargihill reservoir and

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Khargihill reservoir with Pinjal reservoir respectively. The Project will provide 895 MCM (including 316 MCM from Pinjal dam) of water annually to Mumbai alongwith 5 megawatt of hydro power.

Progress made in the works:

The DPR of D-P link project was completed by NWDA in March, 2014 and submitted to the Governments of Maharasthra and Gujarat. Advisory Committee of the MoWR,RD&GR in its meeting held on 08.07.2016 has accorded Techno-economic clearance subject to submission of forest clearance from the MoEF&CC for diversion of 1673.78 ha forest land and clearance for R&R of tribal population from the MoTA. The MCGM submitted the online application to the MoEF&CC for Forest Land Diversion Clearance on 30.06.2016. The application to the MoTA for R&R of tribal population was also submitted by the MCGM on 30.06.2016. The issue of water sharing has been discussed in the various meetings of the SCILR.

The following works related to post DPR activities are taken/yet to be taken up for the link project.

Sl. Description Authority for Present Status No. Granting Clearance

1. Techno- Advisory committee of Accorded on 08.07.2017 economic the MoWR, RD & GR clearance 2. Forest Land The MoEF & CC MCGM submitted the prescribed Diversion online application form for Forest Clearance Land Diversion Clearance on 30.06.2016. 3. Environmental The MoEF & CC Environmental Clearance is not Clearance required since it is a drinking water supply scheme 4. MoTA clearance The MoTA MCGM submitted the prescribed application online to MoTA on 30.06.2016. 5. Investment The MoWR, RD & GR Yet to be considered by MoWR, RD & clearance GR.

Hon’ble Chief Minister, Maharashtra requested to include four Intra-State link projects in D-P link projects and P-T-N link projects in their overall planning. These links are namely (i) Nar-Par-Girna, (ii) Par-Tapi-Godavari, (iii) Damanganga (Ekdare)- Godavari Valley and (iv) Damanganga-Vaitarna-Godavari (Kadva Dev). NWDA has taken up the works related to preparation of the DPRs for the Damanganga (Ekdare)- Godavari Valley link and Damanganga-Vaitarna-Godavari (Kadva Dev) link projects. A draft MoU for sharing of water, power, cost etc., of these two projects and projects suggested by Maharashtra State has been sent to the concerned States of Maharashtra and Gujarat for concurrence.

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1.6 Whether the Government is contemplating to constitute a separate fund for taking up the ILR Projects

There is no proposal for separate fund till date. Presently, funds are proposed to be planned for individual project on case to case basis as capital funding is involved.

B. Rajya Sabha

1.1 ILR Projects in Odisha

Under the NPP for Water Resources Development formulated by then Ministry of Irrigation (now Ministry of Water Resources,RD&GR), NWDA had identified 30 IBWT links for detailed studies; 14 under Himalayan Component and 16 under Peninsular Component. Following 3 links are concerned with the State of Odisha:

Sl.No. Name of Link Status States Involved A. Himalayan Component 1. Ganga(Farakka)-Damodar- PFR and West Bengal, Odisha & Subernarekha link project Draft FR Jharkhand completed 2. Subernarekha-Mahanadi link West Bengal & Odisha project

B. Peninsular Component 3. Mahanadi(Manibhadra)- FR with Odisha, Maharashtra, Godavari (Dowlaiswaram) link Manibhadra Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka project dam site & Chattisgarh completed

The feasibility of the Ganga (Farakka)-Damodar-Subernarekha and Subernarekha–Mahanadi link projects are dependent on the waters to be brought by upper link viz., M-S-T-G project. The PFR of the M-S-T-G link project was completed by NWDA and the FR for the alternate alignment (Forest Free) is under final stage of preparation.

On the request of the Government of Odisha, NWDA has carried out alternate studies for the M-G link project with the proposed Barmul dam site with reduced submergence and submitted the report to the Government of Odisha. Hydrological studies were also carried out through NIH, Roorkee. The Government of Odisha did not agree for the water balance computed at Barmul Dam site. The consensus building process is going on with the Government of Odisha for the link project.

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Details of Inter Basin Water Transfer Link Projects

Sl. Details Mahandi Ganga- Subernarekha- No. (Manibhadra)- Damodar- Mahanadi Godavari Subernarekha (Dowlaiswaram) (As per FR) (As per PFR) (As per PFR)

1. Quantum of 12165 28913 21031 diversion (MCM) 2. Annual 4.43 (3.52 in 8.48(7.60 in 0.545(0.180 in irrigation(lakh ha) Odisha and 0.91 West Bengal, West Bengal and in AP) 0.55 in Bihar 0.365 in Odisha) and 0.33 in Odisha) 3. Delivery at tail 6500 21031 13965 end(MCM) 4. Domestic & 802 484 0 Industrial uses(MCM) 5. Hydropower 445 0 9 generation(MW) 6. Cost of the project 17541 5941 4082 (Rs in crore) (2003-04) (1996-97) (1997-98) 7. Benefit Cost (BC) 1.60 1.822 1.13 Ratio 8. Internal Rate of 12.77 - - Return (IRR)(%)

Intra-State Link Proposals of Odisha

The Government of Odisha has requested to prepare the PFRs of the following three Intra-State link projects.

i) Mahanadi (Hirakud) – Brahmani (Rengali) link ii) Mahanadi-Rushikulya(Barmul project) iii) Vamsadhara- Rushikulya(Nandini Nalla project)

NWDA has prepared the PFRs of the above three links and submitted to the State Government of Odisha. The Mahanadi (Hirakud)-Brahmani (Rengali) link project has been found techno-economically not feasibile. Other two links are found feasible and are now included in Mahanadi-Godavari Flood Moderation Scheme.

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Details of Intra-State Link Projects

Sl. Details Mahandi Mahanadi- Vamsadhara- No. (Hirakud)- Rushikulya Rushikulya Brahmani (Rengali) (Barmul) (Nandini Nalla) (As per PFR) (As per PFR) (As per PFR) 1. Quantum of 4372 (550 cumecs 1663 56.98 diversion for three months) (MCM) 2. Annual 4,000 (enroute) and 1,00,000 7,225 irrigation (ha) 7,000 (stabilization) 3. Delivery at 0 0 0 tail end (MCM) 4. Power 145 - 2 Generation (MW) 5. Domestic & - 130 24 Industrial water supply (MCM) 6. BC Ratio 0.46 1.03 1.62 7. IRR (%) - 5.82 7.00 8. Techno- Non-feasible Feasible Feasible economic feasibility 9. Cost of the 2793 3806.61 195.80 project (2008-09) (2010-11) (2011-12) (Rs in crore)

1.2 Special Committee for ILR Projects and Current Status

The Hon’ble Supreme Court vide its judgment dated 27.02.2012 in the Writ Petition (Civil) No. 512 of 2002 on ‘Networking of Rivers’ alongwith Writ Petition No. 668 of 2002 has directed the Union of India and particularly the Ministry of Water Resources to constitute a Committee under the chairmanship of Hon’ble Minister of Water Resources for the implementation of ILR Programme.

As directed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court vide its above judgment dated 27.02.2012, a committee called “Special Committee on Interlinking of Rivers” has been constituted under the Chairmanship of Hon’ble Union Minister of Water Resources, RD & GR for the implementation of ILR programme vide Gazette Notification dated 23.09.2014.

Thirteen meetings of the SCILR were held so far and last meeting was held on 27.07.2017 at New Delhi. Irrigation/Water Resources Ministers of various States alongwith their Secretaries attended the meetings. Views and observations on the ILR

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Programme have been received from various State Governments, experts and other stakeholders in the meetings of the SCILR. The Special Committee is considering all the suggestions/observations appropriately while planning and formulating the ILR projects.

The Committee, after considering the views of all the stakeholders, is proceeding ahead to expedite the objectives of the ILR as per ToR. Vigorous efforts have been made up for generating consensus for development of alternative plans and also setting out road maps for implementation of mature projects.

As decided by the SCILR, the following four specific sub-committees were constituted.

i) Sub-committee for comprehensive evaluation of various studies/reports (Sub- Committee-I). ii) Sub-Committee for system studies for identifications of most appropriate alternate plan (Sub-Committee-II). iii) Sub-Committee for Restructuring of NWDA (Sub-committee–III) iv) Sub-committee for consensus building through negotiations and arriving at agreement between concerned States (Sub-committee–IV)

1.2.1 Constitution of Task Force for Interlinking of Rivers (2015)

The Union Cabinet while approving the constitution of SCILR in its meeting held on 24.07.2014 directed that a committee comprising of experts be constituted to look into the issues relating to inter linking of rivers. In compliance to the direction of Union Cabinet, MoWR, RD & GR vide O.M. dated 13.04.2015 has constituted a Task Force for Interlinking of Rivers under the Chairmanship of Shri B.N.Navalawala, Chief Advisor, MoWR, RD&GR. Task Force is assisting the SCILR and MoWR, RD & GR regarding the implementation of ILR Programme.

Eight meetings of the Task Force have been held so far and last meeting was held on 15.09.2017.

1.2.2 Constitution of Group on Legal Aspects under Task Force

In pursuance of the decision of the TFILR taken in its 4th meeting held on 15.06.2016, a Group has been constituted vide Office Memorandum No. NWDA/Tech/400/5/2015/948-958 dated 18.07.2016 to look into legal aspects and required enabling provisions for implementation of ILR and other related issues. The legal group has submitted its report to the TFILR in March, 2017.

1.2.3 Constitution of Group on Financial Aspects under Task Force

The MoWR,RD & GR has constituted a Group on Financial Aspects vide F.No. 2/5/2005-BM/1033-48 dated 12.09.2017 under TFILR to consider the financial aspects of ILR projects and to suggest the funding pattern for implanting the same.

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Three meetings of the Group have been held on 24.10.2017, 17.11.2017 and 08.12.2017 respectively.

1.3 Objections/Observations raised by State Governments and steps taken to resolve their objections

No State, except Kerala, is opposing the ILR Programme. Further Kerala Government is opposing only on Pamba-Achankovil-Vaippar link, which concerns the State. However, some of the States have certain views/observations regarding ILR Projects. The details and the steps taken to resolve the objections are furnished below:

Link wise views raised by various State Governments

Sl. Name of Link Concerned Views/ Steps Taken to Resolve No. Project States Observations the Objections

1 Pamba - Tamil Nadu Kerala Assembly Pamba-Achankovil-Vaippar Achankovil - & Kerala has passed a link project would only be Vaippar link resolution against taken up when both the project taking up of the link States of Kerala and Tamil project (2003) Nadu agreed for the same 2 Parbati – Madhya Government of MP The consensus amongst Kalisindh – Pradesh & has prepared and MP and Rajasthan is still Chambal link Rajasthan submitted the DPRs awaited. The Government project of Mohanpura of MP now is not in favour Multipurpose Project of the link project as and Kundaliya dam proposed by NWDA. as a major Intra- However, Secretary, WRD, State link project Government of Rajasthan (important has informed Secretary components of (MoWR, RD&GR) vide Parbati-Kalisindh- letter dated 01.05.2014 Chambal link) to that NWDA may keep the CWC. issue of P-K-C link open irrespective of the views of MP in this regard. 3 Mahanadi Odisha, The Government of On the request of the (Manibhadra)– Maharashtra, Odisha is not Government of Odisha, Godavari link AP, agreeable to the alternate study with project Karnataka, & link project due to Barmul dam site as off- Chattisgarh, large submergence take point with reduced of Manibhadra dam/ submergence has been reservoir and to the carried out by NWDA and water balance and submitted to the quantum of water Government of Odisha. to be diverted. Hydrological studies also carried out through NIH, Roorkee. The Government of Odisha did not agree for 53

Sl. Name of Link Concerned Views/ Steps Taken to Resolve No. Project States Observations the Objections

the water balance computed at Barmul Dam site. Consensus building process is going on with the Government of Odisha. 4 Godavari Odisha, The Government of FRs of these proposals (Inchampalli) Maharashtra, Telangana is not were prepared by NWDA in -Krishna link MP,AP, agreeable to the the year 2005, i.e. before project Telangana, water balance bifurcation of Andhra Karnataka & conducted at Pradesh State. Thus, Chattisgarh, Inchampalli dam issues and concerns of the site in Godavari Telangana State about the basin. link project have not been duly taken care off. The water balance study of Godavari basin upto Inchampalli dam site has been revised by considering the views of Telangana State and also the latest available data and the same will be further revised based on updated guidelines of NWDA approved by the TFILR. 5 Netravati – Karnataka, The Government of DPR has been examined by Hemavati link Tamil Nadu Karnataka has NWDA and comments of project & Kerala proposed Yettinihole NWDA were sent to the project on Netravati State on 11.11.2016. It is river as drinking seen that both the water project for proposals various districts of Karnataka and (i) Yettinihole Project as prepared its DPR. proposed by Karnataka The Government of and Karnataka intends to utilize Netravati water as per its own ii) Netravati-Hemavati link plan. In response to as proposed by NWDA as NWDA’s part of the NPP can be observations on the planned. planning of Yettinihole project, the Government of Karnataka vide 54

Sl. Name of Link Concerned Views/ Steps Taken to Resolve No. Project States Observations the Objections

letter dated 13.09.2017 has reiterated that Netravati-Hemavati link is not agreed because they have proposed Yettinihole project as drinking water project.

1.4 ILR Project from Himalayan Rivers to Mahanadi River

A link namely M-S-T-G link is proposed under the Himalayan Component of the NPP. The M-S-T-G link canal envisages diversion of the surplus waters of Manas and Sankosh rivers with supplementation from the intermediate major streams for the benefit of augmenting the flows of Ganga at Farakka and further transfer to Damodar, Subernarekha, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Pennar and Cauvery basins and providing irrigation facilities to the enroute command areas. This link comprises of two dams on rivers Manas & Sankosh inside Bhutan territory, and a gravity flow canal for diverting substantial quantum of water to river Ganga upstream of Farakka barrage. The PFR of the link has already been prepared. The FR could not be prepared as the canal is passing through the Manas-Tiger Reserve and Buxa Tiger Reserve and other forests. Considering practical difficulties for surveys and investigation in Manas-Sankosh and Sankosh-Teesta reaches, NWDA has carried out alternate alignment studies for the M-S- T-G link avoiding Manas and Buxa Tiger Reserves and other forests. As an alternative option, almost forest free M-S-T-G link has been studied and the preparation of the FR of the link is under progress. After completion of the FR, it will be submitted to the Governments of West Bengal, Assam and Bihar for their suggestions/views on the report.

The PFR of the M-S-T-G link was completed in 1996. As per the PFR, the M- S-T-G link envisages diversion of 43000 MCM surplus water available in Manas and Sankosh rivers with supplementation from the intermediate streams viz. Aie, Torsa, Raidak, Jaldhaka for augmenting the flow of Ganga at Farakka and make available about 13965 MCM of water (after enroute utilization) in Mahanadi basin for further diversion to south for utilization in the water short Krishna, Pennar, Cauvery, Vaigai and Gundar river basins.

1.5 Whether it is a fact, as claimed by Environmentalists, that completion of ILR projects would adversely affect the lives

The river linking projects are similar to conventional Water Resources Projects already existing in many numbers in India since long. The Water Resources projects do not have any adverse impact instead these projects provide many benefits. The implementation of the NPP would give benefits of 25 million ha of irrigation from surface 55 waters, 10 million ha by increased use of groundwaters, raising the ultimate irrigation potential from 140 million ha to 175 million ha and generation of 34 million KW of power, apart from the incidental benefits of flood control, navigation, water supply, fisheries, salinity and pollution control etc.

At the time of preparation of DPR of the individual river link projects, detailed EIA studies as per ToR approved by the EAC of the MoEF & CC are carried out. The EIA study includes impacts on land environment, water resources and its quality, terrestrial ecology (flora, fauna, vegetation cover, wildlife), aquatic ecology (riverine ecology, fisheries), pollution due to noise during construction phase, impact on air quality, impact due to command area development, impacts on local services ( like water supply, education, health care, community forests, impacts on business opportunities). All environmental impacts and issues arising out of the EIA studies are duly addressed in Environmental Management Plan which forms a part of the DPR.

The R&R Plan in respect of the project affected persons is an integral part of the implementation of any ILR Project and is included in the DPR. A comprehensive R&R Plan as per the R&R Policy guidelines of the Government of India-2007 and R&R policy of the State Governments has been prepared in respect of both K-B link project (Phase-I & Phase-II) and D-P link project for which the DPRs have been prepared.

The impacts of individual ILR projects on the human lives, environment, landmass etc., are suitably addressed in the Environment Impact and Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Studies which is part of the preparation of DPR. The number of people likely to be affected and the impact on land mass etc., will only be known after carrying out the EIA and Socio-economic impact assessment studies of individual links.

1.6 Regulatory Clearance Status of K-B River Link Project and its likely effect on Panna National Park

All the statutory clearances viz., Environmental, Wildlife, MoTA, Forest Land Diversion, Techno-economic, Investment clearances have been accorded by concerned Ministries/Departments for K-B link project (Phase-I). The Central Empowered Committee of Hon’ble Supreme Court considered the project in its meeting held on 01.05.2017 and the clearance is yet to be received.

An area of 4141 ha of forest area of Panna Tiger Reserve is coming under the submergence of the proposed Daudhan Dam of K-B link project (Phase-I). Appropriate mitigative measures have been proposed by National Tiger Conservation Authority by preparing comprehensive Landscape Management Plan.

1.7 Whether Government has assessed the probable impact of the ILR Project on changing monsoon patterns and ecological upheavals

At the time of preparation of DPR of individual project, detailed Hydrological Studies considering all the parameters including the monsoon variations are carried out to ascertain the availability of water at the tapping point. The EIA studies as per ToR approved by the EAC of Ministry of EF&CC are carried out. All environmental/ecological impacts and issues are duly addressed in Environmental Management Plan of the EIA 56 studies (carried out as per approved ToR) which forms a part of DPR.

R&R Plan in respect of project affected persons is also an integral part of the implementation of any ILR project and is included in the DPR.

While implementing the ILR projects, storages will be created to conserve flood water during extreme rainfall for better utilisation of water resources and to deal with the impact of climate change. The availability and sector-wise use of water in basins/sub basins is being assessed and reviewed periodically by NWDA as far as the ILR projects are concerned. Further, the ILR projects will be able to divert flood/surplus waters to the deficit areas and mitigate droughts and help in increasing productivity of land. The efficiency of the same can be increased through appropriate irrigation practices and corresponding use of other inputs and modernised agriculture practices.

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Water Resources in Media

The reporting of the press snippets compiled on water resources included here are those pertained to the period for the last quarter of the year 2017 starting from 01-10- 2017 to 31-12-2017.

1. Gadkari Plans 285 Irrigation Projects in 2018

The News item appeared in “Times of India”, Delhi edition, dated 11.10.2017 and highlighted that Union minister Nitin Gadkari on 10.11.2017 said that the Centre would take up 285 new irrigation projects next year to provide irrigation to 1.88 crore hectares of farmland while the government was also exploring possibilities to create a “large fund“ for inter-linking of rivers projects as they require massive investments ………….”

Why can't we create a large fund for implementation of these projects,“ Gadkari said while addressing the fifth India Water Week-2017 in New Delhi. He said inter- linking of rivers was necessary to reduce impact of floods and droughts, and added 30 river-linking projects have been approved, of which work on three projects, K-B, P-T-N and D-P, will begin in three months.

2. Rapid Progress in Micro Irrigation Says Hon’ble Minister Shri Radha Mohan Singh in India Water Week 2017

The News item published in “Business Standard”, Delhi edition, dated 15.10.2017 and indicated that The five day India Water Week (IWW)-2017 concluded in New Delhi on 14.10.2017 with a call for efficient management of available water resources in the country by Union Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare Minister Shri Radha Mohan Singh. Addressing the valedictory session of IWW-2017 the Minister said that the present NDA government has achieved unparallel success in the field of micro irrigation. Shri Singh said eight lakh hactare of land was brought under micro irrigation during 2016-17. The target for 2017-18 is 12 lakh hactare. Referring to Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana the Minister said out of the 99 projects 23 are on the verge of completion. He informed that another 32 PMKSY project will be completed by March next year and the remaining by 2019. The Union Agriculture Minister also underlined the need for removing encroachments from Water bodies all over the country to preserve the water resources for posterity.

Union Minister of State for Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation Shri Arjun Ram Meghwal said that first of all it is necessary to know the importance of water and its qualities for mankind. Shri Meghwal said it is our responsibility to preserve this precious natural resources for future generations. Referring to the various recommendations of IWW- 2017 the Minister said it is our responsibility to implement these recommendations. He said “Water is not being used but misused. We have to stop this”.

Giving an overview of the deliberations, Dr Amarjit Singh, Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation said that Union Ministries like Agricultural and Water Resources can jointly work for proper water resources

58 management of the country. He said that about 1300 delegates including 50 delegates from 14 countries attended the five day event. About 150 papers were presented and 17 technical seminars and 14 panel discussions were held during IWW–2017.

A Mobile App prepared by CWC containing various information about water resources of the country was also launched on the occasion.

The IWW-2017 was inaugurated by President Shri Ram Nath Kovind on 10.10.2017. The theme of IWW–2017 was “Water and Energy for Inclusive Growth”. The event had detailed discussions on Water, Food and Energy Security – Essential requirement for sustainable development, Water for inclusive Growth, Sustainable energy development–Key for all round economic growth and Water and Society.

3. NCR lost 40% of its water bodies in 42 years: Study

The News item published in “Times of India”, Delhi edition, dated 23.10.2017 and indicated that Water bodies have decreased by a steep 40% in the national capital region (NCR) as a result of rapid urbanization between 1972 and 2014, when the region saw a 17- fold rise in urban built-up areas, a study has revealed.

At certain places, the complete transformation into an urban environment has led to an increase of 3 to 5 degrees in land surface temperature and 2 to 4 degrees in air temperature during this period, the study by the Centre for Atmospheric Sciences at IIT Delhi found.

The study raises serious questions on the way urban planning was conducted in satellite towThe spatial coverage of urbanised areas, where temperature rise was seen, grew with every decade during the 42-year periodns around Delhi.

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The spatial coverage of urbanised areas, where temperature rise was seen, grew with every decade during the 42-year period, the study published in Springer Nature's Theoretical and Applied Climatology revealed.

The assessments were done by tracking the land use change in NCR for five years representative of 5 decades - 1972, 1981, 1993, 2003 and 2014 - using satellite images. The impact on meteorology was examined using a weather research and forecasting (WRF) model.

The study drew the example of Sariska National Park in Alwar district to illustrate the way forests were degraded in the region. Sariska saw a massive reduction in green areas over the years. From 240 sq km in 1972, its expanse reduced to 160 sq km in 2014, a decrease of about 33% of forest cover. "The dense tree canopies are replaced by shrub lands and sparse vegetation," the report states.

Increase in land surface temperature has also led to a reduction in diurnal temperature range (difference between daily maximum and minimum temperature) by about 2 degrees in some areas while an increase of 1.5 degrees in night temperature was seen in some places.

"Urbanisation effects increases adverse effects to human health and welfare by increasing temperatures, prolonged period of higher temperatures during a day resulting into increased thermal stress, increased time period window for diseases such as malaria and increased cooling energy demand, formation of secondary pollutants such as ozone etc," the study concluded.

The authors also note that increase in temperature over urban centres and sprawl areas was greater than what has been assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). As seen in this study, temperature rise can be as high as 1.5 to 2 degrees in highly urbanised areas as compared to the 0.6-0.9 degree rise predicted by IPCC in 2015. "Furthermore, after due consideration to anthropogenic heat, greenhouse gases and other pollutant emissions, estimated increase in temperature here is most likely going to exacerbate," authors conclude.

"When green areas are converted to built-up areas the soil moisture available is lost. The thermal properties of built up areas are very different, there is more heat availability. We have noticed a complete change from crop land to urbanised areas in certain parts," said Manju Mohan, head of CAS and lead author of the study.

4. Eight key steps to cleaner rivers and higher green cover

The News item published in “Times of India”, Delhi edition, dated 06.11.2017 and indicated that the water available to each Indian in 2011 was 70% less than in 1951, and it will reduce further by 2050. Rising population is partly the reason, but 60 dying rivers and depleted groundwater have made the situation worse. Underlining the crisis, Isha Foundation led by Sadhguru has released a detailed draft outlining how the country can save its rivers through massive riverside afforestation.

The 760-page draft, which Sadhguru submitted to the Prime Minister in October, recommends several measures but its thrust is on augmenting water supply to the rivers through riverside plantation. It has been shared with the ministries of water resources and environment, as well as with the government's think-tank Niti Aayog.

"We have been examining all the suggestions. Most of them are, in fact, part of the Centre's National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) for conserving 30 major rivers across the country," an official told TOI. "Their draft's focus is on revitalising rivers through afforestation under a holistic policy framework, and this is where we need to work with all stakeholders, including states."

The draft explains how planting trees all along a river, to a distance of at least 1 km on both sides, can revitalise it. The policy recommendations go into the details of doing it without affecting the livelihood of people living along rivers and encouraging farmers to switch to tree-based agriculture with incentives and financial linkages.

Sadhguru himself explains in the preface that the "draft policy recommendation is an effort to make the solution into an economic policy with significant ecological impact". The draft is also in sync with his appeal to move towards making a law that will treat rivers, water bodies and soil as national treasure.Former Union water secretary Shashi Shekhar, who consulted on the Foundation's draft, told TOI the gigantic task of river revitalisation cannot be done by the government alone and this is where private participation and organisations like Isha Foundation can play an important role.

Shekhar, who was instrumental in framing the government's ambitious In partnership with `Namami Gange' programme during his tenure in the ministry, initially disagreed with the Foundation's preliminary draft as it did not place enough emphasis on ecological flow of rivers and their catchment area. "Idea of tree plantation is good. Though it won't solve the entire problem, it would certainly save the floodplains from encroachments and it's important to save the river ecosystem," he said.

He suggested the Foun He suggested the Foundation create a public trust headed by an eminent person to generate funds through public donations for river revitalisation programmes and work for saving the rivers through policy assistance from the government. "Campaigns like 'Rally for Rivers' are good for creating awareness and building a critical mass for the task," said Shekhar.

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Other river experts also said the draft is simplistic but appreciated the effort the Foundation has put into it. "It is based on a predetermined and too simplistic a solution to a pretty complex entity (river) and a vexed is sue (its degradation)," said Manoj Misra of Yamuna Jiye Abhiyan, who studied the document in its entirety. "I must say that a lot of effort has gone into its research and compilation and its intent and sincerity cannot be doubted," he added.

The Isha Foundation is, meanwhile, gathering feedback and contributions from across the country. It will incorporate the scientifically validated suggestions in the next draft which is expected to be released after three months.

"We have been getting inputs from individual scientists from various technical institutions, including the IITs and National Institute of Hydrology. It would have been better if those institutions took ownership of such inputs so that our technical team could discuss them further and make them part of the policy document," said a functionary.

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5. Protecting rivers that enable farmers to feed us must be India’s priority

The Article published in “Hindustan Times”, Delhi edition, dated 27.11.2017 written by Jaggi Vasudev, a spiritual leader. He given his personal views that the projections are that 25% of India’s agricultural land will degrade to desert conditions in the next three to five years. Going by this, in another 20 years, 40% of India’s agricultural land will be unusable for cultivation. The soil would have become sand. In another 40 years, 60% of India’s land will be unusable for agriculture.

This is the greatest feat in our country – our farmers have been providing food for 1.3 billion people with almost no technology or much infrastructure. With traditional wisdom and knowledge, in soil that is rapidly depleting, they have managed to continuously supply vital produce. It is no small accomplishment.

Ecology is no longer the preserve of the environmentally-oriented elite. It has become the business of everyone - it has become a fight for survival.

In the last 10 to 12 years, I have seen the waters of the Kaveri, the Krishna and the Godavari, the most significant rivers of southern India, deplete very rapidly. Scientific studies say that we currently have only 25% of the per capita water we had in 1947. By 2025, we will have 7% of that. By 2030, only 50% of the water necessary for the survival of 1.25 billion people will be available. This is not activist, alarmist talk - this is based on scientific projections that show what our nation is heading towards.

When water bodies deplete, soil conditions deteriorate drastically. The projections are that 25% of India’s agricultural land will degrade to desert conditions in the next three to five years. Going by this, in another 20 years, 40% of India’s agricultural land will be unusable for cultivation. The soil would have become sand. In another 40 years, 60% of India’s land will be unusable for agriculture………”

“Is it not a shame, that those who feed us cannot feed their children or themselves? In the last 12 years, nearly three lakh farmers have committed suicide. But people try to explain this citing the falling prices of tomatoes! We should understand that if any of us were to turn towards agricultural activity in a land which is not fertile and with inadequate water, we would also edge towards suicide.

We must focus on getting the water bodies back in full flow, which will naturally lead to an improvement of soil quality. So what is the solution? The simplest way is to create a green cover around our rivers. As a first step, we need to create proper forests in upper riversides and a buffer zone filled with a green cover on either side of the river. This will enhance the water retention capacity of soil along the river. 63

It is important the nation stands up in one voice for our rivers. If all of us are determined, if we make a strong statement to the government that the people of this nation are with them, with enhanced green cover and proper management of water, we will definitely see an increase in river flow in the next 15 to 20 years. Let us make it happen.”

6. Gadkari to visit Polavaram Project regularly

The news item given by Special Correspondent (Vijayawada) appeared in the Newspaper “The Hindu” dated 06.12.2017 under the heading as cited above. The news item states that Union Minister for Water Resources Nitin Gadkari said he would visit the Polavaram Project once in a fortnight if necessary.

The Minister reviewed the progress of the project with representatives of the State government in New Delhi on Tuesday.

He said the Union government would not be a silent spectator if the project work was not done properly.

The State government and the prime contractor Transstroy gave separate presentations to the Minister at the meeting.

Andhra Pradesh Water Resources Minister Department Devineni Umamaheswara Rao and officials met Mr. Gadkari to discuss various subjects related to the construction of a cofferdam for building the Earth-cum-Rock-Filled Dam across the Godavari river and the issue of calling fresh tenders for the work being executed by Transstroy.

The State government, which is trying to make the best of the dry season for completing the cofferdam and the spillway, received letters from the Central Water Resources Department to keep on hold the cofferdam for the opinion of the National Hydro Power Corporation experts and also hold the tenders for the spillway work for clearance by the Polavaram Project Authority (PPA).....The Central officials should resolve all coordination problems and order the three-member committee constituted by the A.P. Chief Minister to submit a detailed report immediately.

The State government represented by Secretary Shashi Bhushan Kumar and Engineer-in-Chief M Venkateswara Rao made a power point presentation to explain to the Union Minister the progress in excavation, concrete and other works at the project site.

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7. Naveen writes to PM on Mahanadi issue

The news item given by Special Correspondent (Bhubaneswar) was appeared in the Newspaper “The Hindu” dated 13.12.2017 under the heading as cited above. The news item states that - Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik has written a strongly worded letter to Prime Minister Narendra Modi, requesting issuance of instructions for the constitution of a tribunal to resolve the Mahanadi water dispute between Odisha and Chhattisgarh.

The Chief Minister requested the Prime Minister to issue the necessary notification under Section 4(1) of the Inter State River Water Disputes Act, 1956, “to protect the interest of the four-and-a-half crore people of Odisha”.

Emphasising that the federal scheme of the Constitution does not countenance forcing the unwilling State to negotiate or deliberate, Mr. Patnaik said his “government does not see any purpose in further negotiating with the recalcitrant State of Chhattisgarh which has unilaterally and surreptitiously gone ahead with construction of dams and barrages in Mahanadi basin far exceeding its share of water”.

“The Hirakud dam in downstream Odisha has already suffered and is likely to suffer heavily much to the prejudice of the people of Odisha,” he added.

Clear stand

Drawing Hon’ble PM’s attention to the fact that the Odisha government had filed a complaint with the Centre on November 19, 2016, seeking appointment of a tribunal to adjudicate the water dispute, Mr. Patnaik pointed out that the Union Ministry of Water Resources had taken a clear stand that the water dispute cannot be settled through negotiations and a tribunal was required to be constituted.

An identical statement in this regard was made in this regard by Union Minister of State for Water Resources in the Rajya Sabha on July 31, 2017, and the Lok Sabha on August 10, 2017, stating that the dispute cannot be resolved by negotiation and it had been decided to constitute a tribunal for adjudication of the dispute, Mr. Patnaik pointed out in his letter to Hon’ble PM…..”

8. Niti Aayog CEO-Led Group to study Isha Foundation’s proposals

The News item published in “Times of India”, Delhi edition, dated 13.12.2017 and indicated that Acting on draft recommendations of Sadhguru's Isha Foundation, the Centre has set up a group under Niti Aayog CEO to examine the suggestions in detail and come out with an action plan to revitalise rivers across the country.

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Secretaries of six relevant ministries including water resources, environment, agriculture, urban development, drinking water & sanitation and rural development are members of the group. Besides, the water resources ministry formed a separate committee under the chairmanship of Sharad Kumar Jain, director of the Roorkee- based National Institute of Hydrology, to study it scientifically and suggest feasible actions.

The Isha Foundation had submitted its draft recommendation to Prime Minister Narendra Modi after conclusion of the Rally for Rivers in October. Its thrust has been on augmenting water supply to a river by planting trees to a distance of minimum 1 km on both sides along its entire stretch.

The draft has also examined how to go about this massive exercise without affecting livelihoods of people living along rivers, considering the fact that nearly 75% of the land along all the rivers in the country is agricultural land….."This entire thing cannot succeed without bringing all the pieces together", said Sadhguru….Asked how will it be possible without participation of states as both water and agriculture are 'State' subjects under India's Constitution, Sadhguru said, "We have signed MoUs with five states. It's like commitment from the states to plant trees on government land. If you cannot do it on government land, how can you expect the farmers to go for plantation (switching from crop based agriculture to tree based agriculture) on their farm land?"

The foundation has signed MoUs with Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Punjab, Karnataka and Gujarat. The Maharashtra government has already announced a programme to plant 50 crores saplings over next three years across the state.

Maharashtra's programme will have two components. The first relates to state- wide afforestation, covering forest land and non-forest government land. The second component aims to create a movement to enhance livelihoods of riverside farmers with adoption of sustainable tree-based agriculture. It will be developed in pilot areas as a precursor to a wider deployment in other states.

9. जल िववाद पर नया कानून लाएगी सरकार

पंजाब केसरी �दनांक 18.12.2017 (नई �दल्लe) के अ न ुस ा र - देश के िविभ�a राज्यi के बीच बढ़ते जल िववाद� के समुिचत िनपटारे का मागर् �शसt करते �ए सरकार अंतरार्ज्यी य नदी जल िववा (संशोधन) िवधेयक को �फर संसद म� पेश करेगी िजसम� अिधकरण� के अध्युक , उपाध्यीक्ष� क�आयु एवं िनणर्यदेने समयसीमा के बारे म� कु छ महत्व पूणर् �ावधान �कये गयेह �। जल संसाधन मं�ालय के सू�� ने बताया � अंतरार्ज्यीकय नदी जल िववा(संशोधन) िवधेयक को माचर् म� लोकसभा म� पेश �कया गया था और उस िवचार के िलये स्थाययी सिमित क� �रपोटर् आ गईहै और सिमित क� िसफा�रश� के आधार पर उ�क िवधेय म� सुधार �कया गया है। उन्ह�सने कहा �क जल्द ही इसे कैिबनेट के समक्ष मंजूरी के िलये पेश �कया जाये हालां�क इसे संसद के वतर्मान शीतकालीन स� म� पेश �कये जाने क� संभावना नह� है

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1956 के अिधिनयम के अंतगर्त �त्ये क नदी जल िववाद के िलए एक अलग अिधकरण स्था िपत �क जाता है। आठ अिधकरण� म� से केवल तीन ने अपने िनणर्य �दए ह� जो राज्य�क ने मंजूर �कएह �। हालां , कावेरी और रावी -�ाकस जल िववाद अिधकरण �मश: 26 और 30 वष� से बने �ए ह� , �फर भी ये अभी तक कोई सफल िनणर्य देने म� सक्षम नह� हो पाए ह�। इसके अित�र�ं मौजूदा अिधिनयम म� �कसी अिधक �ारा िनणर्य देने क� सम -सीमा तय करने अथवा अिधकरण के अध्यरक्ष या सदस्यअ क� अिधकतम आयु करने का कोई �ावधान नह� है। अंतरार्ज्यी नदी जल िववाद अिधिनयम 1956 म� अिधकरण के अध्यहक्ष कायार्लय म� कोई पद �र� होने या सदस्यध का पद �र�व होने क� िस्थित म� कायर् को जारीरखने क� व्य्वस्था◌ो नह � है और न ही अिधकरण क� �रपोटर् �कािशतकरने क� कोई िनि�त-सीमा है। इन सभी किमय� के चलते जल िववाद� के िवषय म� िनणर्य देने म� िवलंब होता रहा है।

स्थाययी अिधकरण क� � वस्थ

हाल के समय म� राज्य�ण के बीच नदी ज, से जुड़े िववाद� म� लगातार वृि� दजर् क� गई है। इसम� पंजाब और ह�रयाणा के बीच जल िववाद , ह�रयाणा और �दल्लीड के बीच नदी जल िववा, ओिडशा और झारखडं , ओिडशा और छ�ीसगढ़ , तिमलनाडु और कनार्ट , आं��देश और तेलंगाना के बीच नदी जल िववाद �मुख ह�। इस वषर् माचर् म� सरकार क� ओर से लोकसभा म� पेश �कये गए िवधेयक म अंतरार्ज्यी जल िववाद िनपटार� के िलए अलग -अलग अिधकरण� क� जगह एक स्था◌ेयी अिधकरण(िविभ�र पीठ� के साथ) क� �नवस्थाल करने का �स्ता◌ोव िजसम� एक , अध्एक उपाध्ययक्ष और अिधकतम छह सदस्यजहोने क� कही गई थी।

10. केन बेतवा प�रयोजना म� �फर देरी क� आशंका

पंजाब केसरी �दनांक 18.12.2017 (नई �दल्ली◌) के अ न ुस ा र - राजग सरकार क� महत्वातकांक्षी न जोड़ो कायर्�म के तहत के -बेतवा �लक को अमलीजामा पहनाने म� एक बार �फर से देरी होने क� आशंका पैदा हो गई ह ै क्य�त�क जल संसाधन मं�ालय ने मूल प�रयोजना �परेखा म� प�रवतर्न करते �ए अब पहल और दूसरे चरण को एक साथ िम लाने का िनणर्य �कया है। जल संसाध , नदी िवकास और गंगा संरक्ष मं�ालय �ारा केन -बेतवा �लक के �थम और ि�तीय चरण को िमलाने का फै सला मध्यक�देश सरकार के आ�ह पर �कया गया है। इसके कारण इस प�रयोजना के संबंध म� पयार्वरण सिहत कुछ आवश्याकमंजूरी �फ से लेने क� ज�रत पड़ सकती ह,ै साथ ही इसक� लागत म� भी वृि� होने का अनुमान है।

सू�� ने बताया �क सभी �कार क� कानूनी स्वी◌ीकृितयां �ाि� होने के बाद प�रयोजना को जब कायार्िन्वत करने का समय आया तो मध्या�देश सरकार ने पानी के आवंटन को लेकर नई मांग रख दी िजसके बाद इस पर उ�सर�देश और मध्यय�देश के मुख्य मंि�य� के साथ जल संसाधन मं�ी ने बैठक क� थी

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मध्ये�देश ने किथत तौर पर जोर �दया था �क िनचले ओर बां , बीना कम्पंलेक्सं और कोठा बरा प�रयोजना से जुड़े काय� को पहले चरण म� िलया जाये। मूल प�रयोजना ढांचे म� इन तीन� प�रयोजना� को दूसरे चरण म� िलया जाना था। सू�� ने बताया �क अब मध्य �देश के साथ ज्या◌ीदातर मु�� को सुलझा िलय गया ह ै और अब दोन� चरण� को िमलाकर एक ही चरण म� काम पूरा �कया जायेगा। इसके कारण लागत म� भी कु छ संशोधन होगा, साथ ही पयार्वरण सिहत कुछ अन्या मंजूरी लेने क� भी ज�रत होगी।

उल्लेछखनीय है �क मूल योजना म� के-बेतवा प�रयोजना के �थम चरण क� अनुमािनत लागत 18 हजार करोड़ �पये और दूसरे चरण क� अनुमािनत लागत 8 हजार करोड़ �पये रखा गया था। इस प�रयोजना के तहत मध्यद�देश और उ�हर�देश म� केन और बेतवा नदी को जोड़ने का ल�य िनधार्�रत �कय गया है। अब दोन� चरण� को एक साथ िमलाने का िनणर्य �कया गया है।

सू�� ने बताया �क प�रयोजना का िव�न पोषण केन्� और राज्यी के बीच90:10 के अनुपात म� होने क� उम्मीनद है। इस प�रयोजना से जुड़े कुछ शेष मु�� का समाधान इसी महीने होने वाली बैठक म� िनकाल िलया जायेगा। उन्ह� ने बताया �क सभी �कार क� कानूनी स्व�कृिताँय �ा�े होने के बाद प�रयोजना को ज कायार्िन्वत करने का समय आया तो मध्य�देश सरकार ने पानी के आवंटन को लेकर नई मांग रख दी िजससे एक नई बाधा उत्पम�ध हो गई है। उल्ले खनीयहै �-कबेतवाे न न�दय� को जोड़ने के िलए बने कायर्दल क� सबसे पहली बैठक फरवरी 2003 म� चचार् �ई थी। तभी से के -बेतवा नदी जोड़ पर बुंदेलखंड के लोग� क� �ित��याएं बढ़नी शु� �ई। इसके बाद इसक� रफ्तार मंद पड़ गई

साल 2014 म� राजग सरकार के स�ा म� आने के बाद इसम� �फर गित आई और करीब 3 वष� तक लगातार �यास� के बाद इस प�रयोजना को वन , पयार्वर, वन्यऔ जीव मंजूरी िमली थी। इसे दो चरण� म� आगे बढ़ने का िनणर्य �कया गया था। ले�कन अब �थम और दूसरे चरण को एक साथ िमलाकर बढ़ाने के िनणर्, इसम� होने वाली देरी एवं अन्यर कारण� से नदी जोड़ प�रयोजना के िवरोध म� आंदोलन को एक बार �फर हवा िमल रही है। सवाल उठ रहा ह ै �क केन म� अक्स र आने वाली बाढ़ म� बबार्द होने वाला पानी क्य बेतवा म� प�ंचकर हजार� एकड़ खेत� म� फसल� को लहलहाएगा और तब प�ा बाघ अभयारण्या का क्या होगा ?

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Glimpses of NWDA 1.0 Jal Manthan

The Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation is organising “Jal Manthan”, to take up wide ranging consultations with the state irrigation Ministers, Secretaries for Water Resources, and a range of other stakeholders, to dwell on issues for optimal use of water resources. The focus will be on refining policies of the Ministry to make them more people friendly and responsive to the needs of the states concerned.

The Jal Manthan was proposed to conduct in general for 2-3 days programme. The first day for considering the assessment of various schemes under the Ministry like Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP); Command Area Development and Water Management (CAD&WM); Repair, Renovation and Restoration (RRR) of Water Bodies; and Flood Management Programme (FMP), etc. 2nd day for a detailed examination on Interlinking of Rivers. The third day for utilizing to understand various grass-root level works for eliciting views of stakeholders in furthering the development and management of water resources and focusing on issues such as Water Security; Humane Face to Water Projects; Farm Water Management; and Rejuvenation of Water Bodies.

Accordingly, the Jal Manthan–1 & 2 with the initative of the MoWR, RD&GR were organized respectively from 20-22 November, 2014 and 22-23 February, 2016 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. During the reporting period the Jal Manthan 3 and 4 were conducted.

1. 1 Jal Manthan-3

The Jal Manthan-3 was organized on 13.01.2017 at Vigyan Bhawan,New Delhi.

The inauguration of the programme was carried out by lighting up of lamps by the Hon’ble Union Minister Sushri Uma Bharati of WR, RD&GR along with Shri Vijay Goel, Hon’ble Minister of State for MoWR, RD & GR and Hon'ble Minister of State (Independent Charge) for the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports; and Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Balyan, Hon’ble Minister of State for MoWR, RD & GR, Government of India. The Hon’ble Union Minister, in her inaugural speech extended a warm welcome to all dignitaries and participants. The Minister, briefly described the importance of Jal Manthan-3 and success stories of Jal Manthan-1 & 2. Six different technical sessions were organized during the Jal Manthan-3 in which participant presented their views.

The Technical Session-I was on “Implementation of PMKSY & Improvement of Water use Efficiency”, in which presentations related to the progress of PMKSY, experiences in implementation of PMKSY and improvements of irrigation efficiency and way forward were presented.

The IInd Technical Session was on “Ecologoy Improvement”, in which various issues related to ecology were discussed. The IIIrd Technical Session was on ”Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM)” in which issues and challenges in PIM; experiences in PIM implementation; and implementation of PIM in Maharashtra State 69 were highlighted. The IVth Technical Session was on “River Basin Management” in which Interlinking of Rivers-Way Forward existing experience of river basin management Hydrometrological data observation and assemination were discussed. In the Vth Technical Session on “River Rejuvenation” sub topic was discussed on “Waste Water Management” Pollution monitoring Abusement and Projects for Ganga Cleaning - cleaning of Yamuna in Delhi and project funding for Ganga rejuvenation were discussed. Last VIth Technical Session was on “Flood Management” sub theme discussed on above topic was “Overview of flood management Glactol lake over brust flood urban flooding and coastal flooding.

During the event, the award winning paitings of the School Children made on the theme “Water Conservation, Distribution and Mannagement” were distributed amongst the Hon’ble Ministers and other Dictinatories participated.

1.2 Jal Manthan-4

The Jal Manthan-4 as an initative of the MoWR, RD&GR was organized on 28-29 July, 2017 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.

The Hon’ble Union Minister of WR, RD&GR, in her inaugural speech extended a warm welcome to all Ministers and participants and briefly described the importance of Jal Manthan-4 and success stories of the Jal Manthan-1, 2 & 3, which were conducted as cited above.

During the Jal Manthan-4, discussions were held on various issues of PMKSY and its implementation; review of AIBP; Command Area Development (CAD); and Interlinking of Rivers. i) Ist Technical session was on “PMKSY and its implementation and Progress made by the States of Maharashtra & Odisha under AIBP& CAD” in which presentation regarding PMKSY, experience of funding of PMKSY projects and success stories of progress under AIBP & CAD Department to the concerned States were presented. 70

ii) IInd Technical session was on “Review of progress made by the States Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh under AIBP& CAD” in which representatives of the States were presented the progress attained and difficulties faced by them. iii) IIIrd Technical session was on “Interlinking of Rivers and its Implementation” in which an overview on Interlinking of Rivers in general and detailing of ILR projects namely, Ken-Betwa, P-T-N and D-P were made by representatives of NWDA. Presentations were also made on Legal aspects related to ILR projects by Shri B. P. Pandey, Director, CWC and Environmental aspects of ILR Projects by the representative of WAPCOS. The IVth Technical session was on “Flood Management” sub theme discussed on above topic was “Overview of flood management, Glactol lake over burst flood, urban flooding and coastal flooding”.

About 700 paticipants comprising of Hon'ble Union Minister; Water Resource /Irrigation Ministers of the States/UTs; Member of Parliaments; and Senior Officers from the Central/State/UT Governments; Eminent Experts, Professionals, NGO's etc. concerned to the Water Sector were actively in attended in the event.

2.0 Special Committee for ILR

See the matter given on SCILR under ILR in Parliament vide item No.1.2 wherein the constitution of the SCILR, TFILR and its Sub-Committee/Groups have been incorporated. It may be noted that so far 13 meetings of the SCILR were held. During the reporting year 2017, the 12th and 13th meetings of the SCILR, 10th meeting of the Sub-Commitee on System Studies; 6th, 7th and 8th meetings of the Task Force on Interlinking of Rivers were held as given below:

2.1 12th Meeting of Special Committee for ILR

The twelfth meeting of the SCILR chaired by Shri Vijay Goel, Hon’ble Minister of State for Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation and Hon’ble Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports was held on 08.03.2017 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. Shri Ramchandru Tejavath, Special Representative of Telangana Cabinet, and Members/Representatives from various Central/State Government organizations were participated in the meeting. 71

2.2. 13th Meeting of Special Committee for ILR

The thirteenth meeting of the SCILR chaired by Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Balyan, Hon’ble Minister of State for WR, RD&GR was held on 27.07.2017 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. Shri Girish Mahajan, Hon’ble Minister for Water Resources, Government of Maharashtra and Members/Special Invitees and Representatives from various Central Government and State Government organisations attended the meeting.

2.3. 10th Meeting of the Sub-Committee on System Studies

The tenth meeting of the Sub-Committee on System Studies for identification of most appropriate alternative plan was held on 03.03.2017 at Sewa Bhawan, CWC, New Delhi under the Chairmanship of Prof. P.B.S. Sarma, Chairman of the Sub-Committee.

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2.4. Task Force for ILR

The 6th, 7th and 8th meetings of the TFILR were respectively held on 13.02.2017, 11.05.2017 & 15.09.2017 at New Delhi under the chairmanship of Shri B. N. Navalawala, Chairman, Task Force and Chief Advisor, Ministry of WR, RD & GR., Government of India.

2.5 Legal Aspects of TFILR

During the reporting period, there were five meetings of the Group on Legal Aspects constituted under the TFILR namely, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th were held respectively on 02.02.2017, 14.02.2017, 23.02.2017, 09.03.2017 at R.K. Puram, New Delhi. The meetings were chaired by Shri A.D. Mohile, Former Chairman, CWC and Chairman of the Group.

The minutes of the above cited meetings have been uploaded on NWDA website. For more details, the link given below may be viewed. http://www.nwda.gov.in/content/leftpage/special-committee-for-ilr.php

3. NABARD Funding under PMKSY-AIBP

NWDA has been identified to act as an agency for borrowing resources from Long Term Irrigation Fund (LTIF) and release Central Assistance to the State Governments towards the prioritized Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)-Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) (Major & Medium Irrigation) Projects and their Command Area Development & Water Management (CADWM) works, for their completion in a time bound manner. Memorandum of Agreement for borrowing from National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) to fund the Central share for these projects was signed by the MoWR, RD & GR, NWDA and NABARD on 06.09.2016.

NABARD has released a loan of Rs. 5751.04 crore to NWDA under LTIF-PMKSY scheme and the same has been distributed by NWDA to 14 States and Polavaram Project Authority during the financial year 2016-17 (ending 31.03.2017). NWDA had also paid an interest of Rs. 44,66,35,556 on 01.02.2017 to NABARD.

During the financial year 2017-18 NABARD has released a loan of Rs. 1381.354 crore to NWDA under LTIF-PMKSY scheme and the same has been disbursed to three States and Polavaram Project Authority (upto 27.10.2017). NWDA has paid an interest of Rs. 280,01,15,459.00 to NABARD during the financial year 2017-18 (upto 27.10.2017).

For more details view the link projected on NWDA website:

“ http://nwda.gov.in/content/innerpage/pmksy-aibp.php “

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4. तकनीक� संगो�ी का आयोजन

20-21 अ�ैल 2017 को वड़ोदरा म� 5व� तकनीक� संगो�ी का आयोजन �कया गया। इस संगो�ी का आयोजन �हदी म� करने का िन�नय �कया गया। संगो�ी का िवषय ‘‘नदी जोड़ प�रयोजना -सतत् िवकास के िलये जल आवश्यकता� क� पू� ’’, हमारे कायार्लय का मुख्य उ�ेश्य नदी जोड़ से ही जुड़ा �आ है। संगो�ी के माध्यम से राजिवअ म� अब तक �ये काय� का लेख -जोखा भी �स्तुत �कया गया। इस संगो�ी म� 27 तकनीक� लेख जो �क भारत सरकार क� महत्वकांक्षी नदी जोड़ प�रयोजना के िवध पक्ष� को �द�श करते ह,� �कािशत �कये गये। तकनीक� काय� म� �हदी के �योग म� यह संगो�ी मील का पत्थर सािबत होगी

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5. Governing Body of NWDA

The 64th meeting of the Governing Body (GB) of NWDA was held on 27.03.2017 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi under the Chairmanship of Dr. Amarjit Singh, Secretary, MoWR, RD &GR.

Members from Central Government Organisations and Representatives of various State Governments participated in the meeting. The following Agenda Items were deliberated and decisions thereon were taken during the meeting:

a. Review of progress of works and studies conducted by NWDA relating to Peninsular Component and Himalayan Component of the NPP, b. The Status on the revised proposal of Mahanadi-Godavari link project, c. Alternate alignment studies conducted by NWDA on M-S-T-G link project, d. The present status of the DPRs prepared with respect to K-B (Phase-I & II), D-P and P-T-N link projects, e. Status of Godavari-Krishna link project, f. The status of Intra-State link proposals pertaining to the State Governments of Jharkhand, Bihar along with its technical feasibilities, g. 5th IWW-2017 proposed to be organized during 10th-14th October 2017 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi with the theme “Water and Energy for Inclusive Growth”, h. Presentation of Annual Reports and Audited Accounts for the year 2014-15, i. Main objectives and issues discussed in the meetings of the SCILR, TFILR and its Sub-Committees including the report on Restructuring of NWDA submitted by the Sub-Committee on Restructuring of NWDA. j. Approval to NWDA employees to proceed on deputation to other organization. Eventhough, the 64th GB, NWDA considered the proposal, but keeping in view the time bound nature of work being carried out by NWDA, Secretary (WR, RD&GR) stated the need of removing the pay anomalies first and deferred the proposal at present, and k. Installation of Audio-Visual System and Video Conferencing facility in the Secretariate Office of SCILR and the GB in principle approved the matter.

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6. रा�ी�य जल िवकास अिभकरण(राजिवअ ) म� स्eच्छ ता पखवाड़ा �दनांक16 माचर् से 29 माचर, 2017 क� अविध म� सफाई से संबंिधत क� गई गितिविधयां

माननीय �धानमं�ी ने महात्माज गांधी क�150 व� पुिण्यितिथ तक स्व च्छ भारत बनाने का अिभय शु� �कया है। इसका मूलमं� ह ै य�द 125 करोड़ भारतवासी ठान ल� �क न म � गंदगी इधर-उधर फै लाऊंगा न फै लाने दूंगा। म � स�ांह म� दो घंटे िवशेष स्वरच्छभता अिभयानम� भागलूंगा। इसी �मम� म ं�ालय क िनद�शानुसार स्व च्छतता पखव ा(16 माचर् से 29 माचर् त) का आयोजन �कया गया। पखवाड़े क� �मुख गितिविधयां िन�्◌ ् ह: �

राजिवअ, मुयालय, नई �दल्ली◌ै एवं देश म� िस्थत राजिवअ के सभी क्षे�ीय कायार्लय� म� �वेश पर िस्वच्छपता पखवाड़े केबैनर व पोस्टंर लगायेगये। साथ ही पखवाड़े का शुभारम्भर सभी कायार्लय � �ारा सभी कमर्चा�रय� को स्वतच्छनता के �ित शपथ �दलाकर �कया गय

स्वाच्छाता पखवाड़े के दौरान राजि, अन्वेयषण वृ�, ग्वा◌ुिलयर एवं अन्वेरषण �भ, झांसी के अिधका�रय�/कमर्चा�रय� ने �दनांक 20-21 माचर, 2017 को ल�मीय तालाब, झांसी के सफाई कायर्�म म� भाग िलया । �दनांक 23.03.2017 को राजिवअ, अन्वेतषण �भा, वडोदरा के कमर्चा�रय� ने �मदान �कया व िस्वच्छकतासंदेश रैली िनकाली । राजि, अन्वेाषण �भा, भोपाल के अिधका�रय�/कमर्चा�रय� ने देवी अिहल्या◌ा चौ, शाहपुर, भोपाल म� स्व च्छ तासंदेश रैलीम� भाग िलया तथा िस्वच्छकतासंदेश रैली िनक गई िजसम� कायार्लय के अिधका�रय/कमर्चा�रय� ने भाग िलया। इस दौरान राजिवअ के समस्त कायार्लय � शौचालय� क� साफ सफाई के दौरान मकड़ी के जाले, टाईल्स, शीशे, वाटर क्लोशिजट शी, यू�रनल, वाटर टैप्सय को साफ करवाया गय, जल िनकास क� ट�टी आ�द को चैक करके लीकेज क� मरम्मकत करवाई ग , अखबार, मगजीनै से संबंिधत र�ी को िनपटाया गया , पा�टशन, दीवार� तथा सी�लग क� सफाई भी कराई गई। स्वंच्छीता पखवाड़े के दौरान राजिवअ के िविभ�श कायार्लय � म�अनु� य ोसाम�ी/अनुपयोगी फाईल� को हटाया गया । �दनांक 28.03.2017 को मुख्यानलय म� स्व च्छोता संदेश रैली का आयोजन साकेत कायार्लय आसपास के क्षे��म � �कया गया

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7. िहन्दी◌ा पखवाड़ - 2017

रा�ीय जल िवकास अिभकरण (रा.ज.िव.अ.) म� िहन्द� राजभाषा िवभा, िहन्दी के �गामी �योग के िलए महत्व पूणर्भूिमका िनभा रहाहै तथा राजभाषा अिधिनय 1963 एवं उसके िनयम� के �ावधान� का वास्तहिवक ��यािन्वयन करने के िलए िनरन्तअर कदम उठा रह ा है । राजभाषा कायार्न्वोयन सिमि �ै मािसक बैठक� रा.ज.िव.अ. मुख्या ल, नई �दल्ली एवं इसके सभी क्षे�ीय कायार्लय� म� िनयिमत �प महािनदेशक महोदय क� अध्यंक्षता तथा कायार्लय �मुख� क� अध्यमक्षता म� आयोिजत क� जा रह िनरीक्षण� तथा समीक्षा� से यह ज्ञात होता है .ज.िव.अ. म� कायार्लयी �योग म� िहन्दी◌े का �यो और िहन्द� प�ाचार �द-�ित�दन बढ रहा ह ै ।

राजभाषा िवभाग �ारा जारी �कये गये �दशा -िनद�श� के अनुपालना म� रा .ज.िव.अ. मुख्या◌ोल, नई �दल्लीि◌ तथा सभी क्षे�ीय कायार्लय�01.09.2017 से 15.09.2017 तक िहन्दी◌ा पखवाडा आयोिजत �कया गया। महािनदेशक महोदय ने पखवाड े के दौरान िहन्दी◌ो के �गामी �योग हेतु अपील जारी क� । महािनदेशक महोदय ने रा .ज.िव.अ. के सभी अिधका�रय� एवं कमर्चा�रय� से अनुरोध �कया �क वे राजभाषा का मौिलक �प से और अिधक से अिधक �योग कर� तथा यह भी कहा �क िहन्दी◌ो का �योग मा� पखवाड े के दौरान ही नह� वरन् वषर् भर अपने काय� म� िनरंतर �प से �योग कर� । �दनांक 13.09.2017 को रा�ीय जल िवकास अिभ करण म� डॉ . संजय कुमार, उपिनदेशक (�शासन), रा.ज.िव.अ., नई �दल्लीक न “�टप्प ण एवं �ा�प ” िवषय पर कायर्शाला एवं अभ्यास करवाया । पखवाडे के दौरान िविभ� �ितयोिगताएं यथा �ाथ्नार प� लेख , का�ा वाचन, गीत-दोहा-चौपाई अंताक्ष , वाद-िववाद एवं ��ोमंच का आयोजन मुख्या ल, नई �दल्लीन म� �कया गया िजसम� सभी अिधका�रय� एवं कमर्चा�रय�न स��य �प से भाग िलया ।

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8. Involvement of NWDA in India Water Week-2017

NWDA has been entrusted by the MoWR, RD & GR with the task of organizing the India Water Week (IWW). The first IWW-2012 was organized in the year 2012 with the main theme “Water Energy and Food Security-Call for Solutions”. The event helped in crystallizing the approach towards timely implementation of water resource interventions for the sake of bringing energy as well as food securities. The theme of the second IWW- 2013 was “Efficient Management of Water” and focused upon various measures to be adopted for improving the water use efficiencies and achieving goals towards the commitments taken under National Action Programme on Climate Change. The third IWW-2015 was conducted by concentrating on the theme “Water Resource Management for Sustainable Development”. During the event various issues dealt with were basin wise availabilities of the water resources and its prompt and optimum utilizations for ensuring timely and sustainable developments. The fourth IWW- 2016 has been organized on “Water for All-Striving Together”. The world Leader/Country, who is well known in agriculture sector in dealing water conservation and innovation technologies, namely Israel, was the Partner Country for the IWW-2016 Event.

The fifth IWW-2017 has been successfully organized during 10th to 14th October 2017. The main theme of the occasion was “Water and Energy for inclusive Growth”. Hon’ble President of India had inaugurated the function.

Foreign Partner of IWW-2017 was European Union while Netherland stood as Foreign Sponsor participated and enriched the Event and its Technical Sessions, presentations and deliberations thereon. The State Governments of India, namely

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Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Telangana, Chhatisgarh, Goa, Jharkhand, Manipur, Tamil Nadu & Uttar Pradesh were also actively participated and strongly supported as Partner States and shared the best and renowned practices emerged from their respective States. About 1500 delegates National and International Organizations, Departments, Research Institutions etc participated in the Event that include 40 foreign delegates from 11 Countries. In totality, 150 papers were presented under various dedicated Technical Sessions comprising of 11 Seminars, 14 Panel Discussions, 2 Brainstroming, 2 Side Events and 5 Special Sessions of the Conference.

The IWW-2017 Water Expo was also arranged with exhibition stalls for projecting advanced technologies and developmental and Reseach activities even for school children relating to “Sabka Sath-Sabka Vikas”. The Honourable Minister, WR,RD & GR inaugurated the Expo.

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The IWW-2017 International Conference thus encompassed to deliberate almost all the major topics related to water resources development and management and provided the right platform for the Water Resources Fraternity to come out with pragmatic strategies for achieving the goal of “Water and Energy for Inclusive Growth”, in line with the Government of India’s Vision- “Sab Ka Sath, Sab Ka Vikaas”. The entire event was successfully organized by NWDA in close association especially with CWC, CGWB, WAPCOS and other organizations of MoWR, RD & GR, Government of India.

Karnataka Neeravari Nigam Ltd., Karnataka; Visvesvaraya Jal Nigam Limited, Bangalore; Water Resources Department, Government of Telangana; and M/s VA Tech WABAG were Golden Sponsors, Water Resources Development Corporation Ltd, Gujarat.; Irrigation Research Division, Pune, Maharashtra; Water Resources Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh; State Water Resources Planning Department, Jaipur, Government of Rajasthan; Mechartronics System Pvt. Ltd, Pune; and Embassy of Netherlands were Platinum Sponsors while Netafim Irrigation Pvt Ltd and Water and Sanitation Management Organisation, Gandhi Nagar were acted as Silver Sponsors of the Water Expo-17.

The school Childrens were enthusiastically participated in the Expo and interatacted with almost all Stakeholders of the event passionately and were admired by the delegates and dignitaries of the IWW-2017 in the Valedictory Session.

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9. Workshop on Vigilance Administration

The workshop on “Vigilance Administration” under the jurisdiction of Chief Engineer (South), Hyderabad was organized at Bengaluru during 10- 11 November, 2017 by the Vigilance Unit of NWDA. The workshop was inaugurated by Shri M. K. Srinivas, Chief Engineer (South), Hyderabad. About 40 participants from various field offices of NWDA attended in the workshop.

Shri R. K. Jain, Chief Engineer(HQ) & Ex Chief Vigilance Officer(CVO), NWDA; Shri K. P. Gupta, Director (Tech) & CVO, NWDA; Shri Narendra Kumar, Director (Admn.); Dr. Sanjay Kumar, Deputy Director (Admn.); Shri R. Mohan Kumar, Deputy Secretary (Retired); Shri J.S.S.Sastry, Deputy Secretary (Retired); Shri C. N. Mani, Section Officer (Retired); and Shri S. K. Rana, LDC/Dealing Hand delivered lectures during the workshop. The workshop focused on various topics of Vigilance,which includes Disciplinary Matters, Complaint Handling, Conduct Rules, Suspension, Drafting of Charge Sheets, Penalties, Inquiry Reports, Appeals and Reviews. Most of the Participants discussed the problems that they were facing in handling the vigilance matters/cases and were seen interacting with the faculty members even during the lunch session arranged at the venue.

The Valedictory Function was chaired by Shri R. K. Jain along with the Faculty Members on the dais. Prizes were also distributed to the winners of the examination,which was conducted after the workshop sessions. Certificates were also presented to all the participants by Shri R. K. Jain, Chief Engineer (HQ) & Ex CVO, NWDA and Shri Narendra Kumar, Director (Admn.), NWDA.

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10. Involvement of NWDA in India International Trade Fair-2017

The annual flagship event of India International Trade Promotion Organization (ITPO), Government of India, organized the 37th, India International Trade Fair (IITF) during the period 14-27 November, 2017 at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. The Hon’ble President of India, Mr. Ram Nath Kovind while inaugurating the iconic event mentioned that "The world has acknowledged the changed business environment in India and the strides made in ease of doing business and the IITF is a mini-India. It is a snapshot of the diversity and the sheer energy of this subcontinent".

The Hon’ble President of India also added by saying that the country is recognised as a bright spot of global economy and the world has acknowledged the change happened in its business environment. In the IITF, 32 of India's States and Union Territories were represented. Institutions that were present ranged from self- help groups to big business houses and from small and medium manufacturing enterprises to digital start-ups. About 3,000 exhibitors including 222 foreign companies, domestic firms, public sector units and states participated in the fair. This year, 'Startup India Standup India' was the theme of the fair. The 'Partner Country' was Vietnam while 'Focus Country' was Kyrgyz Republic. Jharkand was the Partner State at the IITF-2017.

Trade Fair was successfully organized showing various irrigation model to explain the things in a practical mode. Namami Gange presented a typical modern Ganga Ghat model in order to showcase that how pollution in holy river Ganga can be reduced. Modern irrigation i.e. Drip irrigation and Lift irrigation model presented by M/S WAPCOS highlighted the theme,“Per Drop More Crop” and devoted to create awareness how culturable command area can be increased with the present available water resources. Geological investigation model presented by Geological Survey of India showed the importance of Geological investigation in irrigation projects while water harvesting and reuse of sewage water models were presented by the NIH, Roorkee.

The NWDA participated in the IITF with the major emphasis on displaying studies and issues on ILR. During the fair, the details of various IBWT as well as Intra-State link proposals and the visitors to the NWDA stall were appraised about the priorized and nationalized K-B (Phase I & II) ILR project of NWDA. The Poster Presentations of three priority links namely K-B, P-T-N and D-P were also displayed in the NWDA stall.

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11. 31st Annual General Meeting

The 31st AGM of NWDA Society was held under the Chairmanship of Shri Nitin Gadkari, Hon’ble Minister for WR, RD&GR on 12.09.2017 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. Shri Arjun Ram Meghwal and Dr. Satya Pal Singh, Hon’ble Ministers of State for WR, RD &GR; Shri Mathew T. Thomas, Hon’ble Minister, Water Resources, Government of Kerala; Shri Baldev Singh Aulakh, Hon’ble Minister of State for Minority Welfare and Irrigation, Government of Uttar Pradesh; Shri T. Harish Rao, Hon’ble Minister of Irrigation, Government of Telangana; Shri D. Uma Maheswara Rao, Hon’ble Minister of Water Resources, Government of Andhra Pradesh; Shri Satpal Maharaj, Hon’ble Minister of Water Resources, Government of Uttarakhand; Shri Chandra Prakash Chaudhary, Hon’ble Minister of Water Resources, Drinking Water & Sanitation, Government of Jharkhand; Dr.Rampratap, Hon’ble Minister of Water Resources, Government of Rajasthan and Members/Representatives from various Central Government and State Government Organisations attended the meeting.

In the meeting the Hon’ble Minister for WR, RD&GR mentioned that the ILR programme would be completed in mission mode with the cooperation of all concerned. He further mentioned that nearly 16% of India comprising 256 districts in 13 States are drought affected. On the other hand, 13% of India is flood prone causing loss of life in 100 districts of 7 States. The Himalayan rivers are surplus in water resources whereas some rivers in Peninsular region are deficit in water resources. We are able to store only 15% of rain water in dams and Lakes whereas 70% of water goes to sea unutilised. This water needs to be used judiciously and planning for the same is a challenging task. Hon’ble Minister for WR, RD & GR cited example of Israel, where there is only 6 inches of rainfall and no water is going to the sea unutilised.

The Hon’ble Minister also expressed his anguish that the States are not concerned for the 70% of water going to sea unutilised, but raising objections inutilisation of water by other co-basin States. He suggested to plan irrigation through pipe network, so that the land acquisition, the transmission losses could be reduced and more area could be brought under irrigation. He informed the target of increasing agriculture by 2.5 times by the year 2022.

Hon’ble Minister assured that the ILR is the highest priority programme of his Ministry which will change the future of the country and requested cooperation of the States so that the ILR programme could be implemented without any further delay.

Dr. Satya Pal Singh, Hon’ble Minister of State for WR, RD & GR mentioned that the country was facing the problem of droughts and floods and balancing the water cycle was the biggest challenge. Interlinking of rivers is an important project for balancing the water cycle. He mentioned that the States like Telangana and Maharashtra have done good work in water sector and we should learn from the goodpractices. The differences, if any, in water utilisation among the States should be resolved by the States themselves by mutual discussions.

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12. Appointments / Promotions/Retirements

During the reporting period starting from 01.01.2017 to 31.12.2017, six Junior Engineers, one Deputy Director(Administration) and one Driver Grade-III had been appointed and promoted 22 Officials in different categories. The Officials retired during the period were 28 as per the details given below:

Sl. Name & Designation Date of Retirement No. 1 Shri S.S. Mazumdar 31.01.2017 JAO, ID, Kolkata 2 Shri Bidyut Prava Sethi 31.01.2017 UDC, ID, Bhubaneswar 3 Shri S. Bhadra 31.01.2017 LDC, HQ, New Delhi 4 Shri P.K. Sahoo 28.02.2017 JAO, ID, Bhubaneswar 5 Shri P.K. Padhi 30.04.2017 UDC, ID, Bhubaneswar 6 Shri A.K. Ray 30.04.2017 UDC, ID, Kolkata 7 Shri K.K. Behuria 30.04.2017

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Sl. Name & Designation Date of Retirement No. Head Clerk, O/o CE (North), Lucknow 8 Shri Fahim Ashraf 31. 05.2017 SE, IC, Hyderabad 9 Shri S.S. Ingaleshwar 31. 05.2017 Superintendent Gr.I, HQ, New Delhi 10 Shri Ramesh Kumar 31. 05.2017 MTS, HQ, New Delhi 11 Shri R.L. Parmar 31. 05.2017 MTS, ID, Valsad 12 Shri R.K. Sethi, Driver (Special Grade), 30.06.2017 ID, Bhubaneswar 13 Shri K.N. Sahoo 30.06.2017 Driver Gr.I, ID, Bhopal 14 Smt. T.P. Sosamma 30.06.2017 Steno Gr.II, ID, Hyderabad 15 Shri B. Nagaramani 30.06.2017 Head Clerk, ID, Hyderabad 16 Smt. K. Padmavathi 31.07.2017 Head Clerk, IC, Hyderabad 17 Shri N.Y. Kolkar 31.07.2017 MTS, ID, Bengaluru 18 Shri V. Kantharaj 31.07.2017 UDC, ID, Bengaluru 19 Sh.M.K. Bhattacharjee 31.08.2017 LDC, ID, Kolkata 20 Shri O.P.S. Kushwah 31.08.2017 SE, New Delhi. 21 Shri Ram Kumar 31.08.2017 JAO, HQ, New Delhi 22 Shri M.B. Rathod 31.08.2017 AE, ID, Vadodara. 23 Shri Jai Singh 30.09.2017 Driver Gr.III, HQ, New Delhi 24 Shri K. Raveendran 30.09.2017 Stenographer Gr.I, IC, Hyderabad 25 Shri P.K. Jena 31.10.2017 MTS, ID, Bhubaneswar 26 Shri C.Sudhakaran Nadar 30.11.2017 MTS, ISD, Thiruvananthapuram 27 Shri Ayub Ansari 31.12.2017 Executive Engineer, ID, Lucknow 28 Shri T. Maslamani 31.12.2017 Superintendent Gr.I, ID, Chennai

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13. Participation of NWDA Officials inTrainings/Seminars/ Conferences /Workshops

During the reporting period about 100 NWDA Officials were nominated for 43 training Seminars/ Conferences /Workshops programs of various natures. Prominent of them in technical category were mainly with respect to “Role of Laboratory Investigations of Rock in Hydroelectric Projects”; Geospatial World Forum on “Geospatial and Deep Learning – Shaping Smarter World ” ; “Tunnel Design and Construction : Issues and Challenges” ; “Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India”; “Water Security & Waste Management through Technological Interventions”; “Leakage Detection Systems in Dams” ; “Geotechnical Investigations for River Valley Projects” ; “Water in India : Services & Management, Technologies and Best Practices”; “Swachh Jal Swachh Bharat ” ; “Arsenic Problems in Groundwater & its Remediation in Ganga Basin”; “Waste Water – Monitoring and Management” ; “Status and Future of World’s large rivers” ; “Water Sector Reforms – Role of Central Organisations” ; and “Environmental, Economic and Social Aspects of Water Resources Projects”. The training obtained in other categories pertained to Administration, Finance and e-Governance were “e-HRMS Roadmap cum Presentation cum Workshop”; “RTI of the Public Authorities under Ministry for aligning Nodal Officers/PAs to RTI online portal of DoPT”; “Government e-Market Place (GeM)– Procurement Made Smart” ; “Public Financial Management System (PFMS) for Centre Sector Schemes”; “Government e-Market place (GeM) for the buyers” ; “31st All India Rajbhasa Conference on Hindi” ; “Cyber Crisis Management Plan (CCMP)” and “Vigilance Administration” .

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It is with profound grief and sorrow, we report about the sad demise of :

* Shri Chandubhai Makawana, UDC, ID NWDA, Vadodara expired on 05.02.2017

* Shri G. Ramachandrappa, AE, ID, NWDA, Bangalore expired on 05.04.2017

* Shri Hira Lal, MTS, NWDA (HQ), New Delhi expired on 02.07.2017

* Shri Ratilal Kanjibhai Patel, MTS, NWDA, ID, Valsad expired on 16.09.2017

------May the Souls Rest in Eternal Peace------

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िहन्द- के बढ़ते कदम

• 15.03.2017 को माननीय जल संसाधन, नदी िवकास और गंगा संरक्षण मं�ी महोदया क� अध्यक्षता म� जल सं मं�ालय क� िहन्दी सलाहकार सिमित क� बैठक म� मुख- अिभयंता) मुख्या्ल (ने भाग िलया । • 23.03.2017 को महािनदेशक महोदय क� अध्य क्षता म� राजभाषा कायार्न्वनयन सिमित क� बैठक आयोिजत क� िपछली बैठक के िनणर्य� क� अनुवत� कारर्वाई पर िवस्ता◌ोर सिहत चचार् क� गई । बैठक म� राजभाषा नीित के महत्वम पहलु� तथा रा�ी�य जल िवकास अिभकरण क� ितमाही �रपोटर ,वषर् 16-2015 के वा�षक कायर्�, 21-20 अ�ैल, 2017 को वडोदरा म� आयोिजत तकनीक� संगो�ी◌ा तथा आंत�रक िनरीक्षण पर चचार् क� गई । इस बैठक के िवचारण िवषय� पर िनणर्य िलए गए । तत्पआ�ाकत बैठक म� इस ितमाही और िपछली ितमाही के प�ाचार का तुलनात्म क िवव �स्तुपत �कया गया । • 28.03.2017 को नगर राजभाषा कायार्न्वकयन सिमित क� बैठक म� िनदेश)तकनीक� (एवं राजभाषा अिध कारी तथा सहायक िनदेशक )राजभाषा (ने भाग िलया । इस बैठक म� राजभाषा कायार्न्वमयन के संबंध म� वष17-2016 के वा�षक कायर्�म पर गहन चचार् क� गई । प�ाचार के ल�यय क� �ाि� तथा ध ार(3)3 पर चचार् क� गई । िपछली बैठक म� िलए गए िनणर्य� पर र.ज.िव.अ .ने अनुवत� कारर्वाई क� • 30.03.2017 को जल संसाधन, नदी िवकास और गंगा संरक्षण मं�ालय �ारा राजभाषा संबंधी िनरीक्षण �ी परम �सह यादव, व�र�ग अनुवादक �ारा �कया गया । इस िनरीक्षण म� कायार्लय म� राजभाषा क� �गित क� समीक्षा क� गई राजभाषा संबंधी काय� म� गित लाने के उपाय� पर गहन चचार् क� गई • 31.03.2017 को जल संसाधन, नदी िवकास और गंगा संरक्षण मं�ालय क� राजभाषा कायार्न्व यन सिमित क� बैठक सहायक िनदेशक )राजभाषा (ने भाग िलया । इस बैठक म� वषर् 17-2016 के वा�षक कायर्�म पर गहन चचार् क� गई प�ाचार के ल�य् क� �ाि� तथा धारा (3)3 पर चचार् क� गई । िपछली बैठक म� िलए गए िनणर्य� पर .ज.िव.अ .ने अनुवत� कारर्वा क� । • 20-21 अ�ैल, 2017 को ‘’नदी जोड़ प�रयोजना –सतत िवकास के िलए जल आवश्याकता� क� पू�’’ िवषय पर वडोदरा म� तकनीक� संगो�ीक आयोिजत क� गई । • 07.06.2017 को महािनदेशक महोदय क� अध्1क्षता म� राजभाषा कायार्न्व यन सिमित क� बैठक आयोिजत क� ग • 27.06.2017 को जल संसाधन, नदी िवकास और गंगा संरक्षण मं�ालय क� राजभाषा कायार्न्वीयन सिमित क� बैठक िनदेशक )तकनीक� (एवं राजभाषा अिधकारी तथा सहायक िनदेशक )राजभाषा (ने भाग िलया । प�ाचार के ल�य क� �ाि� तथा धारा (3)3 पर चचार् क� गई । िपछली बैठक म� िलए गए िनणर्य� पर .ज.िव.अ .ने अनुवत� कारर्वाई क� • 21.08.2017 को नगर राजभाषा कायार्न्वरयन सिमित क� बैठक म� सहायक िनदेश)राजभाषा (ने भाग िलया । इस बैठक म� राजभाषा कायार्न्वीयन के संबंध म� चचार् क� गई �क कैसे कायार्लय� को– िभ�ा नोडल अिधका�रय� के अंतगर्त रखकर िहन्दीज समीक्षा के कायर् को जल्दी िनपटाया जा सकता है । नराकास के तत्वा वधान म� िहन्दीष �ितयोिगताएं आयोिज पर भी चचार् �ई । • 19.09.2017 को जल संसाधन, नदी िवकास और गंगा संरक्षण मं�ालय क� संयु�न सि, �ी संजय कुं डू क� अध्यीक्षता �ई राजभाषा कायार्न्वायन सिमित क� बैठक म� सहायक िनदेश)राजभाषा (ने भाग िलया । • गंगा नदी के जल के िवषय म� स्लोतगन और पैम्फालेट �कािशत :कर जल संसाधन, नदी िवकास और गंगा संरक्षणम ं�ाल से �ा�द उपरो�य आदेश का यथासंभव अनुपालन सुिन ि�त करेगा । • 5.12.2017 को महािनदेशक महोदय तथा मुख्यप अिभयंता (मुख्या ल)�ारा अप�रहायर् कारण� से उपिस्थत न हो पाने क कारण िनदेशक एवं राजभाषा अिधकारी (तकनीक�)क� अध्यभक्षता म� राजभाषा काया)यन सिमित क� ितमाही बठकै आयोिजत क� गई । 87

जल और नारी क� समानता

जलमेव जीवनम ---- जल ह ै तो जीवन ह ै इसी तरह नारी ह------ै तभी तो जीवन ह ै

जल ह ै �कृित का दान, नारी ह ै गुण� क� खान

रख े इनका ध्या , जल अभाव से अगर सूखेगी न�दयां, तो रोएंगी स�दयां नारी के अनादर से होगा समाज का पतन और कहलाएगा िपछड़ा �आ वतन अगर धरती �पी मां होगी स्व स्थ तभी उपजेगी फ �दूषण रहत जल से होगी फसल सफल नारी ह ै सृि� क� जननी, जल ह ै उसी सृि� क� पलनी नारी कहलाती अ�ीपूणार, जल पूणर् होती प्या◌ास काम नारी ह ै सहजशीलता का �माण-, जल भी सह रहा ह ै �दूषण का भार न जाने �कतनी मां बहन� को देनी होगी कुबार्न-,अगर अब भी पानी क� क�मत न जानी बूंद ह ै छोटी सी शब्- भी ह ै छोटा, मगर जख्, बड़ा ह ै जख्म हल्काद ,सा नासूर हो जाएगा, न जाने कौन �कतना मजबूर हो जाएगा क�मत समझो बूंदबूंद पानी क�-, वरना देश का कोनाकोना मजबूर हो जाएगा- क�मत पानी क� नह�, प्या◌ीस क� होती ह क�मत मौत क� नह�, लेने वाली हर एक सांस क� होती ह ै माना �क पु�ष ह ै बलशाली, पर जीतती या जीताती हमेशा नारी ह ै सांव�रयां के छप्पबन भोग ,प िसफर ् एक तुलसी भारी है

अिनता लालचन्दापन, सहायक िनदेशक (जलिवज्ञ)

88

Invitation of Articles for Publication in Jal Vikas

Technical/Non-Technical Articles/Papers relating to Water Resources Sector are invited for publishing in ‘Jal Vikas’ – The In-House Bulletin of NWDA.

The Articles may be on subjects such as Interlinking of Rivers; Socio- Economic & Environment; Water Efficient Irrigation Practices; Re-Use and Recycling Techniques and Cost-Benefit Aspects/Issues concerned with the Planning, Development and Management/Monitoring of Water Resources Projects Sustainably.

Honorarium of Rs.1250/- per article/paper selected for the publication will be paid to the contributors. Interested authors are requested to send their articles by mail well in advance to the address given below:

Director (MDU) National Water Development Agency 18-20 Community Centre Saket, New Delhi-110 017 Email: [email protected]

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An Overview on Presence of NWDA in 2017

90

Jal Vikas can also be accessed at www.nwda.gov.in रा�ीय जल िवकास अिभकरण, 18-20, सामुदाियक क� � , स ा के त नई �दल्ल - 110017 �ारा �कािशत 91