Ж. Текова 2 курс, Высшая школа политического управления и инновационного менеджмента науч. рук. доц. Н.С. Сибирко

Suleiman the Magnifi cent Ten greatest Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I, nicknamed the Magnifi cent in Europe and in the Muslim world Kanu nor (in Turkish – legislator) for 46 years of his reign had 13 wars. He opposed equal armies of central states of Europe and Asia. Suleiman sought to subjugate the countries of the Mediter- ranean, had been active in the struggle for Hungary. His main ally in this fi ght was the French King Francis I, who for his part tried to limit the power of the Austrian ruling dynasty of the Habsburgs. Suleiman laid the foundation of the Franco-Ottoman alliance, which lasted 300 years. Suleiman became the ruler of the Ottoman Empire in 24 years. He re- ceived a good education, loved art, patronized poets, artists, architects. He had grand plans, he wanted to turn Istanbul into the most beautiful city in the world, so he built the churches, schools, encouraged the development of crafts. He chastised offi cials abused their power, although he was not as cruel as his father, previous Sultan Selim I. They were rejoiced in Europe: fi nally civilized ruler appeared among the Turks. But it was premature joy. Suleiman was not less than his father loved conquest. By his nature he was governor-military leader, and the accession of foreign lands to his empire, prompting them the Ottoman order was one of his main tasks. A year after the beginning of the reign his army captured the fortifi ed fortress Sabac on the Danube, Belgrade came under siege. The young king of Hungary and Bohemia, Louis II, also known as Lajos II, barely being es- tablished on the throne, sought the help of European sovereigns. But they did not hear him, considering that the Turkish army was weak and Lajos himself could break it. Troops led by Lajos moved towards the Turks. The forces were unequal, and the army of the Hungarians was completely broken, and Lajos died. Bel- grade was the following in the path of the Turks. Its defenders fought self- lessly, but they also surrendered to the Turks. Suleiman did not spare anyone. A year later the Turks conquered the island of Rhodes – the main stronghold of the Knights, Knights of St. John, then conquered Algeria, Egypt. New ter- ritories were added to Ottoman, it got important ports in the Mediterranean. In 1536 the troops of Suleiman with the allied armies of France defeated the troops of North Italy. Former ally of the Turks Venice, fearing the threat of 34 invasion, formed an alliance with the Habsburgs, they were together against the Turks. The war was fought both on land and sea, with varying success. Yet in 1538 the Habsburg and the Venetian fl eet was fi nally defeated by the Ottoman Turks. So Suleiman became the Lord around the Mediterranean. In total, he conquered and annexed to the empire the lands from the Mediter- ranean to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, ousted Spain and Portugal to the traditional trade routes to India and China. Suleiman issued a series of laws, which regulates life in the Turkish manner in the occupied territories. Later, he rarely participated in the cam- paigns, handing control of the entire empire to his Grand Vizier. From that moment began the confl icts between his relatives, which led eventually to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Suleiman died during the last campaign against the Habsburg citadel – Hungary. Throne was inherited by his son Selim II, born of his beloved wife Roxolans – assumed a captive Ukrainian or Polish woman. Roxolana was not only beautiful, but also intelligent and cunning. She skillfully eliminated rivals and competitors, as well as their children, to make way for her son. He took the throne, but he could not keep the Ottoman Empire from disintegra- tion.

A.A. Хадисова 4 курс, Высшая школа политического управления и инновационного менеджмента науч. рук. проф. Л.И. Миляева

Business Ethics The ethics of business and business relations is a code of rules based on traditional human values, adhered to by the members of one organization and partners of the company. Traditionally business ethics is based on the respect of the interests of the company’s employees, its clients and partners. The former applies to its non-competitors as well and implies the non-use of the banned or unfair practices in the struggle for the business niche [1]. Professional ethics of modern business includes: 1. General human values regulating the social responsibility of business jobs creation, manufacturing of these or those goods, employee’s care of the employees, etc. As for the ethics of doing business with reference to the buyers of the produce, it implies top quality goods, fair advertising, bargain prices. Ethics as regards the company’s personnel means reported salary, full social package, health protection, etc. Ethical attitude to partners, shareholders and investor in the observance of the terms of the contract, the opportune payment 35