Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax in Index Medicus/Medline, Current Contents, Excerpta Medica, and Other Databases
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A Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends Vol.8, No.10, October 2002 Bioterrorism-related anthrax In Index Medicus/Medline, Current Contents, Excerpta Medica, and other databases Editorial Board Editors Electronic Access Dennis Alexander, Addlestone Surrey, United Kingdom Joseph E. McDade, Founding Editor Retrieve the journal electronically on the Ban Allos, Nashville, Tennesee, USA Atlanta, Georgia, USA World Wide Web (WWW) at http:// Michael Apicella, Iowa City, Iowa, USA www.cdc.gov/eid or from the CDC home page Abdu F. Azad, Baltimore, Maryland, USA D. Peter Drotman, Interim Editor-in-Chief Ben Beard, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Atlanta, Georgia, USA (http://www.cdc.gov). Barry J. Beaty, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Stephen S. Morse, Perspectives Editor Announcements of new table of contents can Martin J. Blaser, New York, New York, USA New York, New York, USA be automatically e-mailed to you. To subscribe, S.P. Borriello, London, United Kingdom send an e-mail to [email protected] with the fol- Donald S. Burke, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Brian W.J. Mahy, Perspectives Editor lowing in the body of your message: subscribe Charles Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Atlanta, Georgia, USA Arturo Casadevall, Bronx, New York, USA EID-TOC. Thomas Cleary, Houston, Texas, USA Phillip J. Baker, Synopses Editor Anne DeGroot, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Bethesda, Maryland, USA Vincent Deubel, Lyon, France Stephen Ostroff, Dispatches Editor J. Stephen Dumler, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Atlanta, Georgia, USA Durland Fish, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Richard L. Guerrant, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Patricia M. Quinlisk, Letters Editor Emerging Infectious Diseases Scott Halstead, Arlington, Virginia, USA Des Moines, Iowa, USA Seyed Hasnain, Hyderabad, India Emerging Infectious Diseases is published David L. Heymann, Geneva, Switzerland Polyxeni Potter, Managing Editor monthly by the National Center for Sakae Inouye, Tokyo, Japan Atlanta, Georgia, USA Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Peter B. Jahrling, Frederick, Maryland, USA Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Mohamed A. Karmali, Guelph, Ontario, Canada International Editors Charles King, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Road, Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Keith Klugman, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Patrice Courvalin Telephone 404-371-5329, fax 404-371-5449, Bruce R. Levin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Paris, France e-mail [email protected]. Myron Levine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Stuart Levy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Takeshi Kurata All material published in Emerging Infectious Thomas J. Marrie, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Tokyo, Japan Diseases is in the public domain and may be John E. McGowan, Jr., Atlanta, Georgia, USA S.K. Lam used and reprinted without special permission; Patrick S. Moore, New York, New York, USA Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia proper citation, however, is appreciated. Philip P. Mortimer, London, United Kingdom Fred A. Murphy, Davis, California, USA John S. Mackenzie Use of trade names is for identification only Barbara E. Murray, Houston, Texas, USA Brisbane, Australia and does not imply endorsement by the Public P. Keith Murray, Ames, Iowa, USA Health Service or by the U.S. Department of James M. Musser, Hamilton, Missouri, USA Hooman Momen Rosanna W. Peeling, Geneva, Switzerland Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Health and Human Services. David H. Persing, Seattle, Washington, USA Sergey V. Netesov Gianfranco Pezzino, Topeka, Kansas, USA j Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation Emerging Infectious Diseases is printed on acid- Richard Platt, Boston, Massachusetts, USA free paper that meets the requirements of ANSI/ Didier Raoult, Marseille, France Diana Walford NISO 239.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper) Leslie Real, Atlanta, Georgia, USA London, United Kingdom David Relman, Palo Alto, California, USA Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Nancy Rosenstein, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Production Editors Connie Schmaljohn, Frederick, Maryland, USA Kevin Burlison Ira Schwartz, Valhalla, New York, USA Robert Shope, Galveston, Texas, USA Mary Anne Castranio Bonnie Smoak, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Teresa M. Hood Rosemary Soave, New York, New York, USA Anne D. Mather The opinions expressed by authors contribut- P. Frederick Sparling, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Ava W. Navin ing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the Jan Svoboda, Prague, Czech Republic opinions of the Centers for Disease Control Robert Swanepoel, Sandringham, South Africa Carol D. Snarey and Prevention or the institutions with which Phillip Tarr, Seattle, Washington, USA Reginald S. Tucker Timothy Tucker, Cape Town, South Africa the authors are affiliated. Elaine Tuomanen, Memphis, Tennessee, USA Cathy E. Young David Walker, Galveston, Texas, USA Mary E. Wilson, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Full text free online at www.cdc.gov/eid The print journal is available at no charge to public health professionals YES, I would like to receive Emerging Infectious Diseases. Please print your name and business address in the box and return by fax to 404-371-5449 or mail to EID Editor CDC/NCID/MS D61 1600 Clifton Road, NE Atlanta, GA 30333 Moving? Please give us your new address (in the box) and print the number of your old mailing label here______________ On the Cover: Norman Bacillus anthracis Aerosolization Rockwell (1894–1978). Post- man Reading Mail (Saturday Associated with a Contaminated Evening Post cover, 18 Febru- Mail Sorting Machine .........................................................1044 ary 1922). P.M. Dull et al. Courtesy of the Curtis Publish- ing Company, Indianapolis, Epidemiologic Investigations of Indiana, USA. Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax, New Jersey, 2001 ..............1048 C.M. Greene et al. About the Cover see pg 1184 Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax: International Response by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ......................................................1056 C.S. Polyak et al. Two-Component Direct Fluorescent-Antibody Assay for Rapid Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax Identification of Bacillus anthracis......................................1060 Anthrax Bioterrorism: Lessons B.K. De et al. Learned and Future Directions.......................................... 1013 J.M. Hughes and J.L. Gerberding Inhalational Anthrax Outbreak among Postal Workers, Washington, D.C., 2001...............1066 Public Health in the Time of Bioterrorism .......................... 1015 P.K. Dewan et al. B.A. Perkins et al. Surveillance for Anthrax Cases Investigation of Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax, Associated with Contaminated Letters, United States, 2001: Epidemiologic Findings .................... 1019 New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania, 2001...............1073 D.B. Jernigan et al. C.G. Tan et al. First Case of Bioterrorism-Related Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax Inhalational Anthrax in the United States, Surveillance, Connecticut, September– Palm Beach County, Florida, 2001.................................... 1029 December, 2001.................................................................1078 M.S. Traeger et al. A.A. Williams et al. First Case of Bioterrorism-Related Environmental Sampling for Inhalational Anthrax, Florida, 2001: Spores of Bacillus anthracis...............................................1083 North Carolina Investigation .............................................. 1035 E.H. Teshale et al. J.-M. Maillard et al. Call-Tracking Data and the Public Opening a Bacillus anthracis–Containing Health Response to Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax ............1088 Envelope, Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.: J.A. Mott et al. The Public Health Response............................................. 1039 V.P. Hsu et al. Coordinated Response to Reports of Possible Anthrax Contamination, Idaho, 2001...................1093 L. Tengelsen et al. Laboratory Response to Anthrax The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Bioterrorism, New York City, 2001 .....................................1096 institutions with which the authors are affiliated. M.B. Heller et al. Specific, Sensitive, and Quantitative Collaboration between Public Health and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Law Enforcement: The Constitutional Challenge ...............1157 Human Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to E.P. Richards Anthrax Toxin Protective Antigen ....................................... 1103 C.P. Quinn et al. Anthrax Perspectives Molecular Subtyping of Bacillus anthracis Epidemic Anthrax in the Eighteenth and the 2001 Bioterrorism-Associated Century, the Americas ........................................................1160 Anthrax Outbreak, United States.........................................1111 D.M. Morens A.R. Hoffmaster et al. Epidemiologic Response to Anthrax Outbreaks: Sequencing of 16S rRNA Gene: A Field Investigations, 1950–2001.........................................1163 Rapid Tool for Identification of Bacillus anthracis............... 1117 M.E. Bales et al. C.T. Sacchi et al. Antimicrobial Postexposure Prophylaxis Another Dimension for Anthrax: Adverse Events and Adherence ..................... 1124 Night of Two Town Meetings ..............................................1175 C.W. Shepard et al. M.L. Cartter Anthrax Postexposure Prophylaxis in Postal Workers, Connecticut, 2001.................................... 1133 Letters J.L. Williams et al. Evaluation and Validation of a Real- Adherence to Antimicrobial Inhalational Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Anthrax Prophylaxis among Postal Workers, for