DOCSLIB.ORG

Direct Effect of Parasitism by Dinarmus Acutus Thomson on Seed Predation by Acanthoscelides Perforatus (Horn) in Canada Milk-Vetch

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Direct Effect of Parasitism by Dinarmus Acutus Thomson on Seed Predation by Acanthoscelides Perforatus (Horn) in Canada Milk-Vetch Technical Notes Direct effect of parasitism by Dinarmus acutus Thomson on seed predation by Acanthoscelides perforatus (Horn) in Canada milk-vetch A. BOE, B. MCDANIEL, AND K. ROBBINS AbOhCt Canada milk-vet& (Ash@us canudenh L.) ir a widespread Materials and Methods North American legume considered to be good forage in some In July 1987,4 inflorescences with mature pods were collected regions but potentially dangerour to livestock when it containa from each of 10 genotypes of Canada milk-vetch in a 250-space- high levels of 3-nitropropionlc acid. Larvae of the seed predator plant nursery establsihed on a Vienna loam, nearly level [fine- Acunthosceikks pqforutus (Horn) (Coleoptera:Brucbidw) oc- loamy, mixed Udic Haploborolls] at Brookings, S. Dak., in May curred in 77% of the mature pods from 10 genotypes of the legume 1985. The seed source for the nursery was a vigorous population growing in 8 nursery at Brook&, S. Dak., in autumn 1987. from a native prairie approximately 10 km northeast of Brookings, Dhuvnus u&us Thomson (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) par&- S. Dak. Inflorescences were placed in covered glass jars and main- ized 48% of the A. perforatus larvae and reduced numben of seeds tained at room temperature. Adults of the hymenopterous parasi- consumed by A. pcrjorotwhrvae by 23%. This study identifiedD. toid D. acutus began to emerge in large numbers from the pods in acutus aa a puaaitoid of A. pcrforroiurand indicated pursitoidn August 1987, but only a few adults of A. perforotus emerged during nuy play an import8nt role in recruitment of n8tive legumes. fall 1987. In January 1988,30 random pods from each inflores- Key Words: Astragalus canadensis L., Dinarmus acutus, Acan- cence of each genotype were carefully split along their septa, and thosc~ pafoatus, parasitoid, seed predation the 2 locules of each pod were examined under a dissecting micro- Canada milk-vetch (Astragalus canadensis L.) is the New scope at 10 to 30 magnifications. World’s most widely dispersed astragalus, ranging from the Gulf Frequencies of pod infestations by A. perforatus and parasitism Coast in eastern Texas to the Appalachians and lower St. Law- of A. perforatus by D. acutus were determined for 20 pods per rence River, west to the southern Rocky Mountains and the Great inflorescence (80 pods per genotype). Unparasitixed bruchid- infested locules contained a larva, pupa, adult or exit hole, and and Columbia Basins (Bameby 1964). It is perennial, rhixomatous, and usually quite robust. This legume is considered good forage in empty pupal case of A. perforatus. Parasitized bruchid-infested some regions (Hermann 1966), but can be toxic to livestock when it locules contained a larva, pupa, adult, or exit hole and exuviae of contains high levels of 3-nitroproprionic acid (James et al. 1980). D. acutus, and the mummitied remains of the parasitized bruchid Bruchid beetles (Coleoptera:Bruchidae) are important seed larva. The effect of parasitism by D. acutus on seed predation by A. predators of many North American legumes (Johnson 1970, Green pe@rotus was determined by counting intact seeds and testas of and Pahnbald 1975, Boe and Wynia 1985). The bruchid Acan- bruchiddestroyed seeds in unparasitixed and parasitized bruchid- thoscelidesperforatuss (Horn) has been reared from seeds of Can- ada milk-vetch (Johnson 1970), but its effects on seed production infested locules of a sample of 10 pods per infIorescence for 6 genotypes (40 pods per genotype). Analysis of variance was con- are unknown. ducted on inflorescence means for percentage and number of intact Lists of parasitoids of North American Bruchidae have been seeds in locules infested by parasitized and unparasitized larvae of compiled (Cushman 1911, Johnson 1970, Center and Johnson 1975), but little is known about effects of parasitoids on population A. perforatus. dynamics of North American legumes attacked by bruchid beetles. Results and Discussion Canada milk-vetch has forage and soil conservation potential, but evaluation for these purposes is dependent on adequate seed Seventy-seven percent of the pods of the 10 genotypes had at supplies of adapted ecotypes. Studies are needed to determine least 1 locule infested by A. perforotus and the overall mean genetic, physical environment, and biotic influences on seed pro- percentage seed loss to bruchid predation was 44% (Table 1). These duction. Objectives of this study were to quantify the effect of data showed A. perforatuscan seriously reduce viable seed produc- predation by A. perforatus on seed production of C. milk-vetch tion in Canada milk-vetch. Green and Pahnbald (1975) found seed and determine parasitism rate of A. perforatus by the small wasp predation by AcanthosceIidesfratercul~ (Horn) exceeded 60$&in Dinarmus acutus Thomson (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in a natural populations of Astragalus cibarius Sheld. and Astragalus field nursery at Brookings, South Dakota. utahensis (Tom) T. and G., and postulated seed predation influ- enced population dynamics of these legumes. Authors are associate profewor, professor, and agricultural research technician, ‘vely, Plant Science Dep., South Dakota State Univ., Brookinga 57007. Thirty-six percent of the pods contained insects in both locules, “#iF authors extend their gratitude to Dr. C.D. Johmon, Northern Arizona Univ., but multiple occupancies in locules were infrequent (only 3 locules for providing identification of Acanthoscelide~ptyforatus;to Dr. E.E. Grirrcll, SF- tematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, U.S. National Muacum, Washin on, D.C., contained 2 normal A. perforatus larvae). Since seed predation for providing idcntifmtion of Df-us acutw; and to Dr. R. Kibckhe? cr. Dr. G. levels were high, cannibalism (Nelson and Johnson 1983) and/ or Larson, and R. Bortncm for critically reviewing the mamucript. Contribution from the S. Dak. State Univ. Agric. Exp. %a., Brookings, SD 57007. competition (Boe et al. 1988) for food resources may have influ- Journal Paper No. 2329. Manuscnpt accepted 27 April 1989. 514 JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT 42(6), November 1999 Table 1. Pod infestationand meedpred8tlon by the bruchid batk ha- bruchid beetles, and parasitic Hymenoptera is critical to under- thc&&.rpe+wu in a mmery of cmula adIk-vetckat Brook@, standing the ecology and population dynamics of native rangeland South Dakota and the infhncc of purultim by Dburmua mutm on legumes. seedpredationbytbebeetk. Seed predation levels in this space-plant nursery were compar- able to those described for native stands of several other legumes. Seed predation in infested” Legume seed predation by bruchid beetles may exceed 50% (Green locules IllfCStd Overall ~ccd* Parasitized3 and Palmbald 1975, Boe and Wynia 1985) and occasionally reach Pods predation beetles Unparasitized Parasitized nearly 100% (Rogers and Garrison 1975) in natural plant commun- m ities, but considerable variation occurs among years and 10cati0n~ 77 f 144 44f 16 48*24 85 f 7 62 f 17 (Baskin and Baskin 1977). Seed predation in 37 populations of American licorice (Glycyrrhiza kpidora Pursh) from North and ‘Muns I’ * ksantlydiienllt at the 0.05 level. ~McaM0 ?+ 24 mflorcsccnccs;10 pods per inflomceacc. South Dakota ranged from 7 to 7 1% with an overall mean of 41 f ‘Meam of 40 intlorcscewr; 20 pods per infloreacencc. 2% (Boe and Wynia 1985). The impact of bruchid beetles on ‘Standarddeviation. long-term seed production and the efficacy of hymenopterous cnced larval survival. parasitoids for reducing seed losses in cultivated nurseries and seed Fortycight percent of A. perforarus larvae were parasitized by increase fields of native legumes can only be determined after more D. acutus. D. acutus is found throughout the continental U.S. It extensive evaluation. has been reared from Bruchidius ater (Marsham) and &uchus brachiazis Fahr. (Krombein et al. 1979) and recorded from seed lots Literature Cited of legumes containing A. fraferculus and A. griseolus (Fall) (John- Buneby, R.C. 1964. Atlas of North American Asrragulus. Memoirs of the son 1970), but A. perforatus is a new host record. New York Botanical Garden Vol. 13. The New York Botanical Garden. Seeds of Canada milk-vetch are small (approximately 1.5 Bask&~, J.M., and C.C. Bukin. 1977. Predation of Cassia marilandica mg/seed), and individual larvae of A. perforurus consumed the seeds by Sennius ubbreviutw (Co1eoptera:Bruchidae). Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 104~614. cotyledons, plumules, radicles, and parts of testas of 2 to 12 seeds. Boe, A., and R. Wynh. 1985. Seed predation. seedling emergence, and Unparasitized A. perforatus larvae destroyed 85% of the seeds in rhkomchamct&sticsofAmcrkanlicoricc. J. RangcManagc.38:~. locules they infested compared to 62% when parasitized by D. Boe, A.B., B. MCDmiel, and K. Robbim. 1988. Patterns of American act&us (Table 1). Uninfested locules contained 6.9 f 0.2 intact licorice seed predation by Acanrhoscelides ounrohu (Horn) (Coleoptcra:- seeds, and locules infested by parasitized beetles contained signifi- Bmchidae) in South Dakota. J. Range Manage. 41342-345. cantly (X0.05) more intact seeds (2.6 f 0.2) than locules (1.1 f Center, T.D., and C.D. Johnson. 1975. Host plants and parasites of some Arizona seed-feeding insects. Ann. Entomol. Sot. Amer. 69: 195-201. 0.2) infested by unparasitized beetles. D. acufus had a direct influ- Cheeke,P.R.,and L.R. Sbull. 1985. Natural toxicants in feeds and poison- ence on the present generation seed crop of Canada milk-vetch by ous plants. Avi Pub. Co., Inc. Westport, Corm. reducing the number of seeds consumed by larvae of A. perforatus. Cusbman, R.A. 1911. Notes on the host plants and parasites of some North Since normal larvae of the cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae American Bruchiie. J. Fcon. Entomol. 4489-509. (L.)) consumed more food than those parasitized by the solitary Green, T.W., and I.G. PaImbald. 1975. Effects of insect seed predators on braconid parasitoid Apanteks rubecula Marsh (Rahman 1970), we Astragalus cibarius and Astragalus utahensb (L-quminosae). Ecology 56: 1435-1440.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biology of the Bruchidae +6178
    Ann. Rev. Entomol 1979. 24:449-73 Copyright @ 1979 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved BIOLOGY OF THE BRUCHIDAE +6178 B. J. Southgate Biology Department, Pest Infestation Control Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food, Slough SL3 7HJ, Berks, England INTRODUCTION Species of Bruchidae breed in every continent except Antarctica. The larg­ est number of species live in the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. Many species have obvious economic importance because they breed on grain legumes and consume valuable proteins that would otherwise be eaten by man. Other species, however, destroy seeds of an immense number of leguminous trees and shrubs, which, though they have no obvious economic value, stem the advance of the deserts into the marginal cultivated areas of the world. When this ecosystem is mismanaged by practices such as over­ grazing, then any organism that restricts the normal regeneration of seed­ lings will, in the long run, affect agriculture adversely. This has been demonstrated recently in some African and Middle Eastern semiarid zones (65). The present interest in the management of arid areas and in the introduc­ Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1979.24:449-473. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Copyright Clearance Center on 11/01/20. For personal use only. tion of alternative tree species to provide timber, fodder, or shade has stimulated a detailed study of the ecology of some leguminous trees and shrubs that has revealed some deleterious effects of bruchid beetles on the seeds of these plants (42, 43, 59). It has also emphasized the inadequacy of our knowledge of the taxonomy and biology of these beetles.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control Genetically Engineered Crops Help Support
    Biological Control 130 (2019) 136–154 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Control journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ybcon Genetically engineered crops help support conservation biological control T ⁎ Jörg Romeisa, , Steven E. Naranjob, Michael Meisslea, Anthony M. Sheltonc a Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland b USDA-ARS, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, 21881 N. Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA c Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 630 W. North St., New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Genetically engineered (GE) crops producing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) (mainly Cry Bt crops proteins) have become a major control tactic for a number of key lepidopteran and coleopteran pests, mainly in Exposure maize, cotton, and soybean. As with any management tactic, there is concern that using GE crops might cause Integrated pest management adverse effects on valued non-target species, including arthropod predators and parasitoids that contribute to Meta-analyses biological control. Such potential risks are addressed prior to the commercial release of any new GE plant. Over Non-target effects the past 20+ years, extensive experience and insight have been gained through laboratory and field-based Natural enemies studies of the non-target effects of crops producing Cry proteins. Overall, the vast majority of studies demon- strates that the insecticidal proteins deployed today cause no unintended adverse effects to natural enemies. Furthermore, when Bt crops replace synthetic chemical insecticides for target pest control, this creates an en- vironment supportive of the conservation of natural enemies. As part of an overall integrated pest management (IPM) strategy, Bt crops can contribute to more effective biological control of both target and non-target pests.
    [Show full text]
  • Essential Oils in Insect Control: Low-Risk Products in a High-Stakes World
    EN57CH20-Vincent ARI 31 October 2011 9:14 Essential Oils in Insect Control: Low-Risk Products in a High-Stakes World Catherine Regnault-Roger,1 Charles Vincent,2,∗ and John Thor Arnason3 1UMR CNRS UPPA 5254 IPREM-EEM, Universite´ de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, F64000 Pau, France; email: [email protected] 2Centre de Recherche et de Developpement´ en Horticulture, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec J3B 3E6, Canada; email: [email protected] 3Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2012. 57:405–24 Keywords First published online as a Review in Advance on biopesticide, botanical, terpenes, phenolics, repellent, fumigant September 19, 2011 The Annual Review of Entomology is online at Abstract ento.annualreviews.org In recent years, the use of essential oils (EOs) derived from aromatic plants This article’s doi: as low-risk insecticides has increased considerably owing to their popularity 10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100554 with organic growers and environmentally conscious consumers. EOs are Copyright c 2012 by Annual Reviews. easily produced by steam distillation of plant material and contain many All rights reserved volatile, low-molecular-weight terpenes and phenolics. The major plant 0066-4170/12/0107-0405$20.00 Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2012.57:405-424. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org families from which EOs are extracted include Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Lami- ∗Corresponding author aceae, and Asteraceae. EOs have repellent, insecticidal, and growth-reducing effects on a variety of insects. They have been used effectively to control preharvest and postharvest phytophagous insects and as insect repellents for biting flies and for home and garden insects.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Classical Biological Control of Leek Moth
    ____________________________________________________________________________ Ateyyat This project seeks to provide greater coherence for the biocontrol knowledge system for regulators and researchers; create an open access information source for biocontrol re- search of agricultural pests in California, which will stimulate greater international knowl- edge sharing about agricultural pests in Mediterranean climates; and facilitate the exchange of information through a cyberinfrastructure among government regulators, and biocontrol entomologists and practitioners. It seeks broader impacts through: the uploading of previ- ously unavailable data being made openly accessible; the stimulation of greater interaction between the biological control regulation, research, and practitioner community in selected Mediterranean regions; the provision of more coherent and useful information to enhance regulatory decisions by public agency scientists; a partnership with the IOBC to facilitate international data sharing; and progress toward the ultimate goal of increasing the viability of biocontrol as a reduced risk pest control strategy. No Designated Session Theme BIOLOGY OF CIRROSPILUS INGENUUS GAHAN (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE), AN ECTOPARASITOID OF THE CITRUS LEAFMINER, PHYLLOCNISTIS CITRELLA STAINTON (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) ON LEMON 99 Mazen A. ATEYYAT Al-Shoubak University College, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, P.O. Box (5), Postal code 71911, Al-Shawbak, Jordan [email protected] The citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in- vaded the Jordan Valley in 1994 and was able to spread throughout Jordan within a few months of its arrival. It was the most common parasitoid from 1997 to 1999 in the Jordan Valley. An increase in the activity of C. ingenuus was observed in autumn and the highest number of emerged C. ingenuus adults was in November 1999.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea
    Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e8013 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e8013 Taxonomic Paper Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea Natalie Dale-Skey‡, Richard R. Askew§‡, John S. Noyes , Laurence Livermore‡, Gavin R. Broad | ‡ The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom § private address, France, France | The Natural History Museum, London, London, United Kingdom Corresponding author: Gavin R. Broad ([email protected]) Academic editor: Pavel Stoev Received: 02 Feb 2016 | Accepted: 05 May 2016 | Published: 06 Jun 2016 Citation: Dale-Skey N, Askew R, Noyes J, Livermore L, Broad G (2016) Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e8013. doi: 10.3897/ BDJ.4.e8013 Abstract Background A revised checklist of the British and Irish Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea substantially updates the previous comprehensive checklist, dating from 1978. Country level data (i.e. occurrence in England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland and the Isle of Man) is reported where known. New information A total of 1754 British and Irish Chalcidoidea species represents a 22% increase on the number of British species known in 1978. Keywords Chalcidoidea, Mymarommatoidea, fauna. © Dale-Skey N et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Dale-Skey N et al. Introduction This paper continues the series of checklists of the Hymenoptera of Britain and Ireland, starting with Broad and Livermore (2014a), Broad and Livermore (2014b) and Liston et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Mating Systems in Sexual Selection in Parasitoid Wasps
    Biol. Rev. (2014), pp. 000–000. 1 doi: 10.1111/brv.12126 Beyond sex allocation: the role of mating systems in sexual selection in parasitoid wasps Rebecca A. Boulton∗, Laura A. Collins and David M. Shuker Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Dyers Brae, Greenside place, Fife KY16 9TH, U.K. ABSTRACT Despite the diverse array of mating systems and life histories which characterise the parasitic Hymenoptera, sexual selection and sexual conflict in this taxon have been somewhat overlooked. For instance, parasitoid mating systems have typically been studied in terms of how mating structure affects sex allocation. In the past decade, however, some studies have sought to address sexual selection in the parasitoid wasps more explicitly and found that, despite the lack of obvious secondary sexual traits, sexual selection has the potential to shape a range of aspects of parasitoid reproductive behaviour and ecology. Moreover, various characteristics fundamental to the parasitoid way of life may provide innovative new ways to investigate different processes of sexual selection. The overall aim of this review therefore is to re-examine parasitoid biology with sexual selection in mind, for both parasitoid biologists and also researchers interested in sexual selection and the evolution of mating systems more generally. We will consider aspects of particular relevance that have already been well studied including local mating structure, sex allocation and sperm depletion. We go on to review what we already know about sexual selection in the parasitoid wasps and highlight areas which may prove fruitful for further investigation. In particular, sperm depletion and the costs of inbreeding under chromosomal sex determination provide novel opportunities for testing the role of direct and indirect benefits for the evolution of mate choice.
    [Show full text]
  • Dinarmus Basalis[/I]: Does Upbringing Influence Choices Later in Life? F
    Influence of host origin on host choice of the parasitoid [i]Dinarmus basalis[/i]: Does upbringing influence choices later in life? F. Sankara, L. C. B. Dabire, Z. Ilboudo, Sébastien Dugravot, Anne-Marie Cortesero, A. Sanon To cite this version: F. Sankara, L. C. B. Dabire, Z. Ilboudo, Sébastien Dugravot, Anne-Marie Cortesero, et al.. Influ- ence of host origin on host choice of the parasitoid [i]Dinarmus basalis[/i]: Does upbringing influ- ence choices later in life?. Journal of Insect Science, Oxford University Press, 2014, 14, pp.1-11. 10.1673/031.014.26. hal-01228839 HAL Id: hal-01228839 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01228839 Submitted on 27 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Influence of Host Origin on Host Choice of the Parasitoid Dinarmus basalis: Does Upbringing Influence Choices Later in Life? Author(s): F. Sankara, L. C. B. Dabiré, Z. Ilboudo, S. Dugravot, A. M. Cortesero and A. Sanon Source: Journal of Insect Science, 14(26):1-11. Published By: Entomological Society of America DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.014.26 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1673/031.014.26 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Studies on a Collection of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Patnaand Nearby Districts of Bihar with the Description of Two New Species
    Rec. zool. Surv. India: llO(Part-4) : 51-66, 2011 TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON A COLLECTION OF PTEROMALIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA) FROM PATNAAND NEARBY DISTRICTS OF BIHAR WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES P.M. SURESHAN Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Kozhikode-673006, Kerala Email: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Pteromalidae belonging to 10 genera and 5 subfamilies Pteromalidae is one of the largest and taxonomically are reported from the state of Bihar (including the difficult families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera present state of lharkhand). Parasitica) members of which are distributed in all The present paper is based on the study of biogeographical regions of the world. Majority of collection of Pteromalidae made from some southern Pteromalidae are primary or secondary parasitoids districts of Bihar near to Patna viz. Vaishali, Patna, attacking a large range of insect orders in their various Muzaffarpur, Gaya, Nalanda, Samasthipur, Chapra, stages of development, thereby playing a vital role in Saran, Bhojpur and lahanabad. Collections were made the control of insect pests in nature. Many species of from the field employing an insect net specially made Pteromalidae were employed successfully in biological for the purpose and an aspirator. Specimens were also control programmes all over the world hence they also collected by rearing the suspected hosts (immature form a rewarding group of insects for various aspects stages such as pupae, larvae, egg, etc.) in the of scientific studies like systematics, Biology, Ethology, laboratory. The specimens were properly preserved ecology etc. following standard procedures. The preserved The family Pteromalidae contains over 3500 specimens were identified following recent literature on described species under 588 genera world wide (Noyes, Pteromalidae (Boucek, 1988, Boucek & Rasplus, 1991, 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook of the Bruchidae of the United States and Canada Introduction to the Acrobat Pdf Edition
    Handbook of the Bruchidae of the United States and Canada Introduction to the Acrobat pdf edition The Acrobat pdf version of this publication, though identical in content to the print version, differs slightly in format from the print version. Also, in volume 2 the items on the errata list for the print version have been corrected. [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK] United States Department of Agriculture Handbook of the Agricultural Research Bruchidae of the United Service Technical States and Canada Bulletin Number 1912 November 2004 (Insecta, Coleoptera) Volume I I II United States Department of Agriculture Handbook of the Agricultural Research Bruchidae of the United Service Technical States and Canada Bulletin Number 1912 November 2004 (Insecta, Coleoptera) John M. Kingsolver Volume I Kingsolver was research entomologist, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. He is presently research associate with the Florida State Collection of Arthropods. III Abstract Hemisphere. It provides the means to identify these insects for taxonomists, students, museum curators, biodiver- Kingsolver, John M. 2004. Handbook of sity workers, port identifiers, and ecolo- the Bruchidae of the United States and gists conducting studies in rangeland, Canada (Insecta, Coleoptera). U.S. Depart- pasture, and forest management in the ment of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin United States and Canada. 1912, 2 vol., 636 pp. Mention of commercial products in this Distinguishing characteristics and diag- publication is solely for the purpose of nostic keys are given for the 5 subfami- providing specific information and does lies, 24 genera, and 156 species of the not imply recommendation or endorse- seed beetle family Bruchidae of the Unit- ment by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Sex Determination in the Hymenoptera: a Review of Models and Evidence
    Heredity 71 (1993) 421—435 Received 10 March 1993 Genetical Society of Great Britain Sex determination in the Hymenoptera: a review of models and evidence JAMES M. COOK Department of Genetics & Human Variation, La Trobe University, Bun doora 3083, Victoria, Australia Thehaploid males and diploid females of Hymenoptera have all chromosomes in the same proportions. This rules out most familiar sex-determining mechanisms, which rely on dosage differences at sex determination loci. Two types of model —genicbalance and complementary sex determination (CSD) —havebeen invoked for Hymenoptera. Experimental studies provide no good evidence for genic balance models, which are contradicted by the detection of diploid males in 33 disparate species. Furthermore, recent advances have shown that sex determination in the best- studied diploid animals does not depend on genic balance, removing the original justification for hymenopteran genic balance models. Instead, several Hymenoptera have single-locus CSD. In this system, sex locus heterozyotes are female while homozygotes and hemizygotes are male. Single- locus CSD does not apply to several inbreeding species and this probably reflects selection against the regular production of diploid males, which are sterile. A multilocus CSD model, in which heterozygosity at any one of several sex loci leads to female development has also been proposed. To date, multilocus CSD has not been demonstrated but several biases against its detection must be considered. CSD can apply to thelytokous races as long as the cytogenetic mechanism permits retention of sex locus heterozygosity. However, some thelytokous races clearly do not have CSD. The distribution of species with and without CSD suggests that this form of sex determination may be ancestral in the Hymenoptera.
    [Show full text]
  • 523-IJBCS-Article-Oumarou Rabi
    Available online at http://ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 4(4): 1217-1224, August 2010 ISSN 1991-8631 Original Paper http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int Olfactory host location in beetle bruchid parasitoid Dinarmus basalis (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) Oumarou RABI 1*, Ali D. BOULI 1 and Jean Paul MONGE 2 1Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdou Moumouni. BP 10662 Niamey, Niger. 2 Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte URA CNRS 1298, Avenue Monge, Parc Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France. * Auteur correspondant, E-mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT The role of chemicals cues in host location by the parasitoid Dinarmus basalis (Rond.) was investigated in bioassays by measuring response to stimuli associated with one of its hosts, the larvae of beetle bruchid, Bruchidius atrolineatus (Pic.) infesting Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp.) seeds. Orientation of parasitoid females was measured in response to stimuli from non host-plants: ( Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.) and Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench), host-plant (cowpea) and plant-host complex. The results showed that D. basalis females were not attracted by stimuli from non host-plant but they were significantly oriented towards stimuli emanating from young host plant of V. unguiculata in vegetative stage and host-plant complex. Infested pods were more attractive than the healthy pods. © 2010 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bruchidius atrolineatus, chemicals cues, Vigna unguiculata. INTRODUCTION used by farmers to protect cowpea seeds In West Africa, bruchid beetles are (sluggish substances, insecticidal plants and the main pest of cowpea seeds (Vigna insectifuges) are less effective. Synthetic unguiculata ) which is a major source of insecticides are too costly for majority of the protein in this area.
    [Show full text]
  • How Host Larval Age, and Nutrition and Density of the Parasitoid Dinarmus
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Bulletin of Entomological Research (2005) 95, 145–150 DOI: 10.1079/BER2004345 How host larval age, and nutrition and density of the parasitoid Dinarmus basalis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) influence control of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) I. Schmale1, F.L. Wa¨ckers2, C. Cardona3 and S. Dorn1* 1Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Institute of Plant Sciences, Applied Entomology, 8092 Zu¨ rich, Switzerland: 2Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Center for Terrestrial Ecology, PO Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands: 3Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Cali, Colombia Abstract Choice of the targeted host developmental stage, regulation of parasitoid numbers released and introduction of food supplements are operational factors with a potential to influence the level of biological control. In a closed laboratory storage system maintained over two generations of the host, the impact of these three parameters on the control potential of the parasitoid Dinarmus basalis Rondani was investigated for high populations of larvae of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) feeding inside dry common bean seeds Phaseolus vulgaris. The beans were already infested with immature bruchids at the beginning of the storage period to simulate harvest conditions, characterized in a previous study. Treatments resulted in a reduction of 48–75% of the bruchid population within 16 weeks of storage. The best timing of parasitoid release was at the simulated harvest, as later releases reduced the bruchid population only by about half this percentage. Host feeding is postulated to be the key factor involved in the observed difference.
    [Show full text]