DACS-P-00124 Volume 52, Number 4, July - August 2013

DPI’s Bureau of Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology (the botany section is included in this bureau) produces TRI- OLOGY six times a year, covering two months of activity in each issue. The report includes detection activities from nursery plant inspections, routine and emergency program surveys, and requests for identification of plants and pests from the public. Samples are also occasionally sent from other states or countries for identification or diagnosis. Highlights Section Reports laertes, a nymphalid , a new continental USA record. This butterfly ranges Botany Section 2 widely over tropical America, as far north as southern Mexico. It is popularly displayed in captivity and, as Entomology Section 5 such, its importation is regulated. A population was Prepona laertes, a nymphalid butterfly Nematology Section 11 detected in Broward County, and a CAPS survey Photograph courtesy of James E. determined that the infested area is very localized. Hayden, DPI Plant Pathology Section 13 In the native range, the larvae feed on foliage of trees in Fabaceae (such as Inga), Sapindaceae Our Mission 15 (Meliococcus) and Chrysobalanaceae, including cocoplum. The are usually uncommon in the environment and are not reported to be pests.

Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet (hyacinth bean). Legumniosae/Fabaceae. Because of its long history Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean) of cultivation, perhaps first becoming a crop in India Photograph courtesy of Lisa M. Hassell, or Southeast Asia, the origin of this species is not DPI certain, although it is thought to be native to tropical Africa where the wild type is found along with the cultivated crop. In Florida, it has escaped from cultivation and has been previously documented as persisting outside cultivation in Miami-Dade and Monroe counties.

Potexvirus Hosta virus X. In July and August 2013, we recorded two more viral diseases for the first time in Florida, continuing a trend in recent times. The first of the new viruses in Florida is Hosta virus X, Citrullus lanatus (citron) fruit Photography courtesy of Shirley Denton, a potexvirus that is spread mechanically in the sap. http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Photo. The proper virus name is written Potexvirus Hosta How to cite Tri-ology: Dixon, W.N. and P.J. Anderson. (Editors). year. aspx?id=12928 virus X. It is the most common of several known viral Section. Tri-ology Volume(number): page. [date pathogens of this host. you accessed site] website address For example: Dixon, W.N. and P.J. Anderson. (Editors). 2012. Entomology section. Tri-ology 47(5): 8. [accessed July Meloidogyne arenaria is a major limiting factor for 5, 2013] http://www.freshfromflorida.com/content/ peanut (Arachis hypogaea) grown in the Southeast download/12542/151552/triology_5101.pdf and Southwest United States. Citron (Citrullus lanatus) was recently found infected with M. arenaria Acknowledgements: The editors would like to acknowledge the work of all in a peanut field, in Marion County, Florida. Infected those who contributed information and explanations plants exhibited root galling, a typical below ground by providing data, photographs or text and by carefully symptom induced by root-knot nematodes. reading early drafts. We also thank Reid Carswell for his skillful use of web authoring tools to produce this report.

We welcome your suggestions for improvement of TRIOLOGY. Please feel free to contact me or Dr. Patti Anderson with your comments. Dr. Wayne N. Dixon, editor Assistant Director, DPI

Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services • Adam H. Putnam, Commissioner

1 Botany Section Sample Submissions Compiled by Patti J. Anderson, Ph.D. July Year to This section identifies plants for the Division of Plant Industry, as well as for August date other governmental agencies and private individuals. The Botany Section Samples maintains a reference herbarium with over 11,000 plants and nearly 1,400 submitted 1,625 vials of seeds. 5,567 by other DPI sections Some of the samples received for identification are discussed below: Samples Aganonerion polymorphum Pierre ex Spire (sour-soup creeper, river-leaf submitted 311 737 creeper), from a genus of one species from Southeast Asia. Apocynaceae. This for botanical perennial, herbaceous vine, native to Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam, identification has the opposite leaves and milky latex and corolla lobes that overlap in bud, only as do most species in this family. The leaves are entire, papery in texture, to Total Sam- 1,936 6,304 11.3 cm long and 5.4 cm wide and have petioles with glands in the leaf axils. ples Submit- The spike-like inflorescences, to 9 cm long, consist of numerous flowers with ted ovate to lanceolate sepals and corollas with yellow tubes and pink lobes with Specimens 26 129 pubescence inside the tube. This species is harvested from the wild and also added to the cultivated as a medicinal and culinary herb. In Thai traditional medicine, it is herbarium used as a cough suppressant, expectorant and a treatment for muscle pain, while in Laos it is used to treat lung and kidney ailments and back pain. In the culinary traditions of several different Indochinese ethnic groups, it is used as a souring agent in place of tamarind or lime juice, and it is a key ingredient in a number of soup and hot pot dishes. Although this species is well known in Indochina, it is virtually unknown in the West, and it is poorly represented in American herbarium collections. This appears to be the first documented occurrence of this species in cultivation in the United States. (Pinellas County; B2013-552; Linda G. McRay; 5 August 2013.) (Delang 2007; Mabberley 2008; Middleton 1996; Sakong et al. 2011.) (Marc S. Frank.)

Ipomoea quamoclit L. (cypressvine, star morning-glory), from a genus of about 650 species native to tropical and warm temperate regions. Convolvulaceae. The species is native to the tropical Americas, but was introduced as an ornamental, escaped and is now naturalized from eastern Canada through much of the eastern half of the United States and in California, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. In Florida, it has become weedy throughout most of the state, although not in every county. Several cultivars have been developed. Aganonerion polymorphum (sour-soup creeper) The beautiful vine in the morning glory family is has leaves 1-9 cm in length, Photograph courtesy of Robert LaFond, wikimedia. elliptic to ovate in outline, and that appear to be pinnate, but are pectinate (like http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload. the teeth of a comb) with 8-20 pairs of linear lobes that are less than 1mm wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Aganonerion_ polymorphum.jpg&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/ wide. The inflorescences are cymes with 1-5 flowers, each with calyx lobes 4-7 wiki/Aganonerion_polymorphum&h=600&w=800&sz=5 mm long, elliptic to ovate with an obtuse apex and terminal mucro. The scarlet 7&tbnid=G0dqPtweWVj1PM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=125&zoo to deep red (occasionally white) corolla is 2-3 cm long with five lobes and a m=1&usg=__9JowAjvuMmglCuNWssNUYlJlzbY=&doc id=hFkS3sU5EA9CsM&sa=X&ei=hJN7UuL4EtWisQTb6 two-lobed stigma. The fruit is ovoid, 6-8 mm long, containing one to four seeds oCABw&sqi=2&ved=0CDcQ9QEwAg tufted with very small hairs. This vine is visited by butterflies and hummingbirds and is easy to grow in a home garden although its aggressive growth under ideal conditions can be problematic. (Suwannee County; 2013-507; W. Wayne Bailey; 19 July 2013; Hendry County; 2013-649; Joyce V. Willis; 20 August 2013; and Charlotte County; 2013-683; Karen J. Noland; 21 August 2013.) (Austin 2013; Mabberley 2008; Miller and Miller 2005; http://www.herbarium. hawaii.edu/efloras/guam/query/details.php?plantgroup=Dicotyledon&family=C onvolvulaceae&genus=Ipomoea&species=quamoclit&id=241 [accessed 2013 December 17].)

2 Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet (hyacinth bean), from a genus with one species, probably originating in tropical Africa, but widely cultivated. Legumniosae/ Fabaceae. Because of its long history of cultivation, perhaps first becoming a crop in India or Southeast Asia, the origin of this species is not certain, although it is thought to be native to tropical Africa where the wild type is found along with the cultivated crop. In Florida, it has escaped from cultivation and has been previously documented as persisting outside cultivation in Miami-Dade and Monroe counties. This twining perennial (or annual in colder climates) grows to 7 m long. The purple- tinged compound leaves have three ovate to triangular leaflets and persistent, reflexed stipules. The inflorescence is an axillary raceme. Each flower has a campanulate, two-lipped calyx, and a typical pea flower, pink to purple or white in color. The corolla has an orbicular standard, auriculate at its base, the wings broadly ovate, and the keel is curved upward at a right angle. The upper section of Ipomoea quamoclit (cypressvine) with unusual white the style is bearded. The glabrous, purple (sometimes green) legumes are slightly flower flattened, with minute warts along both sutures, and contain three to six seeds. Photograph courtesy of Betty Wargo, http://florida. In tropical countries, the young pods and immature seeds are eaten, and young plantatlas.usf.edu/Photo.aspx?id=1073 leaves are sometimes used as a leafy vegetable. Mature, dried seeds are toxic, but may be eaten after lengthy boiling in at least two changes of water. Several medicinal uses of the species are also reported, and it is a source of green dye, obtained from crushed leaves. It is sometimes found as an ornamental annual in temperate areas of the United States, valued both for its spikes of fragrant flowers and the glossy, ruby-purple fruits that follow. Unfortunately, the species has shown an aggressive growth habit and should be observed to determine its potential invasiveness. (Duval County; 2013-433; Lisa M. Hassell; 2 July 2013; and Miami- Dade County; 2013-511; Sergio H. Riveron; 20 July 2013.) (Mabberley 2008; Staples and Herbst 2005; http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_ id=242327956 [accessed 2013 December 17]; http://www.tropicalforages.info/ key/Forages/Media/Html/Lablab_purpureus.htm [accessed 2013 December 17].)

Momordica charantia L. (balsam pear), from a genus of 40 species native to the Old World tropics. Cucurbitaceae. This annual or tender perennial climbing Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean) flower vine has alternate leaves, 5-10 cm long, with five to seven lobes.The petiole is Photograph courtesy of Lisa M. Hassell, DPI 1.5 – 3.5 cm long. Flowers are about 3 cm across, yellow and solitary. The warty- skinned, orange fruits are 7-25 cm long and split open to show 1-1.5 cm long seeds embedded in a bright red aril. This species is native from tropical Asia to Australia and the South Pacific. It has become naturalized in tropical SouthAmerica, the West Indies, and the southern United States and is widely cultivated for its bitter, immature fruits, and used as a cooked vegetable. The ripe fruits are not eaten because they are toxic. Both this species and the less common Momordica balsamina (balsam-apple) are considered to be poisonous and have caused death of small .(Brevard County; 2013-666; Megan R. Lynch; 22 August 2013; Hendry County; 2013-671; Mary Graham; 22 August 2013; and Charlotte County; 2013-676; Karen J. Noland; 21 August 2013.) (Hammer 2004; Mabberley 2008; Perkins and Payne 1978; http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24520 [accessed 2013 December 17]; http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_ id=5&taxon_id=200022698 [accessed 2013 December 17].)

Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean) growth habit Photograph courtesy of Lisa M. Hassell, DPI

3 Terminalia catappa L. (tropical almond), from a genus of about 200 tropical species. Combretaceae. This species is native to Africa, Asia, Australia and several southwestern Pacific islands, but is naturalized throughout the tropics. It has been planted as a popular street tree in Miami and has escaped cultivation in Brevard, Broward, Miami-Dade and Monroe counties. This deciduous tree grows to 20 m tall and has alternate leaves, crowded at the tips of branchlets. The leaf petiole is 0.5-2 cm long, and the obovate to oblanceolate blade is up to 15 cm long and about 1.5 to 3 times as long as wide, with a narrow, cordate or truncate base, and an obtuse apex. The leaf margins are entire, and the veins are prominent. Inflorescences are slender spikes to 20 cm long with numerous fragrant, white flowers, about 6 mm wide. The calyx lobes are triangular, and there are no petals. The fruit is 5 cm long, Momordica charantia (balsam pear) flower purple or black when ripe, ovoid to ellipsoid, and flattened with two winged Photograph courtesy of Keith Bradley, http://florida. plantatlas.usf.edu/Photo.aspx?id=2719 edges. The fruit contains one or sometimes two edible seeds that float and can remain viable after months at sea. The flesh of the fruit is sometimes eaten, but the seed is used as a nut, either raw or dried. The timber can be used in construction or to make canoes and drums or as firewood while the bark, leaves and fruits are a source of black dye. In Florida, it is listed as a Category II invasive species by the Exotic Pest Plant Council. (Huxley 1992; Langeland 2008; http://agroforestry.net/tti/T.catappa-tropical-almond. pdf [accessed 2013 December 17]; http://www.eflora.cn/spfoc/Terminalia%20

References

Austin, D.F. 2013. The Origin of Quamoclit (Ipomoea quamoclit, Convolvulaceae): A Review. Economic Botany 67: 63–79.

Delang, C.O. 2007. The role of medicinal plants in the provision of health care in Lao PDR. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 1: 50-59. Momordica charantia (balsam pear) fruit with seeds Photograph courtesy of Asit K. Ghosh, http://florida. plantatlas.usf.edu/Photo.aspx?id=2718 Hammer, R. 2004. Florida Keys wildflowers: a field guide to wildflowers, trees, shrubs, and woody vines of the Florida Keys. Falcon Press, Guilford, Connecticut. 231 p.

Huxley, A.J. (editor). 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 4 volumes. Macmillan Press. London, England. 3,240 p.

Langeland, K.A., H. M. Cherry, C. M. McCormick and K.A.Craddock Burks. 2008. Nonnative plants in Florida’s natural areas. The University of Florida, IFAS Communications Services, Gainesville, Florida. 193 p.

Mabberley, D.J. 2008. Mabberley’s plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses, 3rd edition. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York. 1,021 p.

Middleton, D.J. 1996. A revision of Aganonerion Pierre ex Spire, Parameria Benth. and Urceola Roxb. (Apocynaceae). Blumea 41: 69-122. Terminalia catappa (tropical almond) Photograph courtesy of Walter Hodge, http://florida. plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=1473 Miller, J.H. and K.V. Miller. 2005. Forest plants of the southeast and their wildlife uses, revised edition. University of Georgia Press. Athens, Georgia. 454 p.

Perkins, K.D. and W.W. Payne. 1978. Guide to the poisonous and irritant plants of Florida. Florida Cooperative Extension Service. University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 91 p.

Sakong, P., T. Khampitak, U. Cha’on, C. Pinitsoontorn, P.Sriboonlue, P. Yongvanit and P. Boonsiri. 2011. Antioxidant activity and bioactive phytochemical contents of traditional medicinal plants in northeast Thailand. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5: 6,822-6,831.

Staples, G.W. and D.R. Herbst. 2005. A tropical garden flora: plants cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and other tropical places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 908 p. 4 Sample/Specimen Entomology Section Submissions Compiled by Susan E. Halbert, Ph.D.

July This section provides the division’s plant protection specialists and other Samples Submitted 860 customers with accurate identifications of . The entomology section also builds and maintains the reference and research collection Specimens Identified 13,580 (the Florida State Collection of Arthropods with over 9 million specimens), August and investigates the biology, biological control and of arthropods. Samples Submitted 1,021 Specimens Identified 16,246 Tuberocephalus sp., an aphid, a new Western Hemisphere record. This aphid was found in galls on Japanese flowering cherry (Prunus serrulata Year to Date ‘Kwanzan’) in a residential landscape in eastern Long Island, New York. The Samples Submtted 6,309 aphid belongs to a small genus of Asian aphids that are gall makers on various Specimens Identified 87,050 Prunus species. Secondary hosts are species of Anthemidae, a tribe in the Asteraceae that includes plants with strong odors, such as Artemisia spp. The aphids use both leaves and roots of the secondary hosts. The aphids are recognizable by the setae on the siphunculi, and, on Prunus, by the spectacular galls. The species was not determined because there was no adult in the sample. (Suffolk County, New York; E2013-4559; Daniel O. Gilrein, Cornell University Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County; 23 June 2013.) (Dr. Susan E. Halbert)

Episimus vixenus, a tortricid moth, a new continental USA record. Two males were found in a UV light bucket trap near Port Everglades (Broward County). This small Caribbean moth is related to E. kimballi Heppner 1994, a south Florida endemic. Among other differences, E. vixenus is smaller, and the yellow bar on the forewing is more rectangular. It was described from a few specimens collected in the British Virgin Islands in 1956. The life history is unknown, but other Episimus species are leaf rollers or bud feeders on trees Tuberocephalus sp. with galls on Prunus serrulata Photograph courtesy of Daniel O. Gilrein, Cornell University of several families. None are reported to have economic importance. (Broward Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County County; E2013-5132; James E. Hayden; 21 July 2013.) (Dr. James E. Hayden)

Prepona laertes, a nymphalid butterfly, a new continental USA record. This butterfly ranges widely over tropical America northward to southern Mexico. It is popularly displayed in captivity and, as such, its importation is regulated. A population was detected in Broward County, and a CAPS survey determined that the infested area is very localized. In its native range, the larvae feed on foliage of trees in Fabaceae (such as Inga), Sapindaceae (Meliococcus) and Chrysobalanaceae, including Chrysobalanus icaco (cocoplum). The butterflies are usually uncommon in the environment and are not reported to be pests. The local larvae were found causing minor damage on cocoplum. The larvae are cryptic and construct perches from the chewed leaf midrib like Limenitis species, but they are morphologically distinctive. The adults are strong fliers and have good dispersal ability. (Broward County;

Episimus vixenus, a tortricid moth E2013-5541; Margaret A. Lahens, USDA/APHIS/PPQ, William A. Thiel, USDA/ Photograph courtesy of James E. Hayden, DPI APHIS/PPQ, Ellen J. Tannehill, Michelle L. Leonard and J. Keith Harris; 7 August 2013.) (Dr. James E. Hayden)

5 Bactrocera correcta, Asian guava fruit , significant fruit fly detection. This pest occurs in South and Southeast Asia, where it infests numerous fruit crops including guava, mango, peach, and orange. One male was captured in a methyl eugenol trap in Sarasota. This was the sixth year since 1999 that the Asian guava fruit fly has appeared in Florida and the first time in Sarasota County. In response, an enhanced trapping grid was deployed over an area of 81 square miles around the detection site. No additional fly has been detected to date. (Sarasota County; E2013-5469; Susan G. Graham, USDA/APHIS/ PPQ; 30 July 2013.) (Dr. Gary J. Steck).

Entomology Specimen Report Prepona laertes, a nymphalid butterfly Following are tables with entries for records of new hosts or new geographical Photograph courtesy of James E. Hayden, DPI areas for samples identified in the current volume’s time period as well as samples of special interest. An abbreviated table, with all the new records, but less detail about them, is presented in the body of this web page and another version with more complete data is downloadable as a PDF or an Excel spreadsheet.

The tables are organized alphabetically by plant host if the specimen has a plant host. Some arthropod specimens are not collected on plants and are not necessarily plant pests. In the table below, those entries that have no plant information included are organized by arthropod name.

Bactrocera correcta, Asian guava fruit fly Photograph courtesy of Gary J. Steck, DPI

6 Plant Name Plant Common Name Arthropod Arthropod Common County Records Name Acalypha wilkesiana Jacob's-coat; copperleaf; beefsteak Paracoccus marginatus papaya mealybug Broward INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION plant Allium cepa onion Pyrota sp. a blister Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Allium cepa onion Stenosphenus sobrius a Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Anthurium sp. anthurium Crossopriza lyoni a cellar Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Anthurium sp. anthurium Lyssomanes viridis magnolia green jumper Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Brassica oleracea cabbage, head cabbage, savoy cabbage Deroceras reticulatum gray garden slug Nassau INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Brassica rapa pak-choi, bok-choi, Chinese mustard, Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION celery mustard Butia capitata pindo palm, jelly palm, butia palm Alofa sodalis a minute pirate bug Lee COUNTY RECORD Cichorium endivia endive, escarole, frisee Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Cichorium endivia endive, escarole, frisee Nasonovia ribisnigri currant-lettuce aphid Nassau INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Citrus aurantifolia lime, key lime Anchastus augusti click beetle Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Citrus x paradisi grapefruit Pyrgota undata a pyrgotid fly De Soto COUNTY RECORD Clematis catesbyana satincurls Aleurodicus dugesii giant whitefly Alachua HOST RECORD Cocos nucifera coconut palm Raoiella indica red palm mite Sarasota COUNTY RECORD Cocos nucifera coconut palm Raoiella indica red palm mite Manatee COUNTY RECORD Codiaeum variegatum croton Thalassa montezumae a lady beetle Brevard COUNTY RECORD Commelina sp. Liriomyza commelinae a leafminer Collier COUNTY RECORD Cynara cardunculus cardoon, artichoke, globe artichoke Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Cynara cardunculus cardoon, artichoke, globe artichoke Lygus sp. a lygus bug Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Cynara cardunculus cardoon, artichoke, globe artichoke Lygus sp. a lygus bug Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Dioscorea bulbifera air potato; potato yam; air yam Micrathena sagittata a spiny orbweaver Okeechobee COUNTY RECORD Erithalis fruticosa blacktorch Eucalymnatus tessellatus tessellated scale Monroe HOST RECORD Erithalis fruticosa blacktorch Saissetia miranda Mexican black scale Monroe HOST RECORD Fragaria x ananassa garden strawberry Chaetosiphon fragaefolii strawberry aphid Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Fragaria x ananassa garden strawberry Lygus elisus pale legume bug Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Glycine max soybean Megacopta cribraria bean plataspid Union COUNTY RECORD Hemerocallis sp. day lily Ophiomyia kwansonis daylily leafminer Dixie COUNTY RECORD Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Acyrthosiphon lactucae lettuce aphid Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Acyrthosiphon lactucae lettuce aphid Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Amblysellus grex a leafhopper Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Arhyssus sp. a rhopalid bug Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Bagrada hilaris bagrada bug Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Craspedolepta sp. a psyllid Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Deltocephalus fuscinervosus a leafhopper Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Deltocephalus fuscinervosus a leafhopper Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Deltocephalus fuscinervosus a leafhopper Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Deltocephalus fuscinervosus a leafhopper Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Diabrotica longicornis northern corn rootworm Nassau INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Diabrotica virgifera western corn rootworm Hamilton INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce apterus a garden fleahopper Nassau INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Hyadaphis foeniculi honeysuckle aphid Suwannee INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Hyadaphis foeniculi honeysuckle aphid Suwannee INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Suwannee INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION

7 Plant Name Plant Common Name Arthropod Arthropod Common County Records Name Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Suwannee INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Suwannee INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Suwannee INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Suwannee INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Suwannee INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Liriomyza langei California pea leafminer Suwannee INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Lygus sp. a lygus bug Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Metopolophium dirhodum rose grass aphid Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Nasonovia ribisnigri currant-lettuce aphid Suwannee INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Nasonovia ribisnigri currant-lettuce aphid Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Nasonovia ribisnigri currant-lettuce aphid Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Nasonovia ribisnigri currant-lettuce aphid Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Nasonovia ribisnigri currant-lettuce aphid Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Nasonovia ribisnigri currant-lettuce aphid Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Nasonovia ribisnigri currant-lettuce aphid Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Nasonovia ribisnigri currant-lettuce aphid Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION

8 Plant Name Plant Common Name Arthropod Arthropod Common County Records Name Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Nasonovia ribisnigri currant-lettuce aphid Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lactuca sativa lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce Nasonovia ribisnigri currant-lettuce aphid Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Lagerstroemia indica crape myrtle Amorphicola amorphae amorpha psyllid Gadsden COUNTY RECORD Laguncularia racemosa white mangrove Eustala anastera an orbweaving spider Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Leonurus sibiricus honeyweed; Siberian motherwort; Cosmopepla lintneriana a stink bug Alachua UNUSUAL marihuanilla Litchi chinensis litchi, leechee Kuzinellus ecclesiasticus a phytoseiid mite Miami-Dade HOST RECORD Malus pumila Anna apple Aphis eugeniae an aphid Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Mimosa strigillosa powderpuff Youngszella pseudomarginella a leafhopper Pinellas COUNTY RECORD Musa sp. Metazygia zilloides an orbweaver Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Musa sp. Tetragnatha guatemalensis a long-jawed orbweaver Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Noronhia emarginata Madagascar olive Palpita persimilis a crambid moth Broward HOST RECORD Passiflora sp. Chondrocera laticornis a coreid bug Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Phoenix canariensis Canary Island date palm, pineapple Unknown Elateridae click beetle Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION palm Phoenix dactylifera date palm Eleodes sp. a tenebrionid beetle Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Phoenix dactylifera date palm Latrodectus hesperus western widow Escambia REGULATORY INCIDENT Pinus elliottii slash pine Microtomus purcis an assassin bug Nassau COUNTY RECORD Prunus serrulata Japanese flowering cherry Tuberocephalus sp. an aphid Suffolk HEMISPHERE RECORD Pueraria montana kudzu; kudzu vine; foot-a-night-vine; Megacopta cribraria bean plataspid Okaloosa COUNTY RECORD vine-that-ate-the-south Pueraria montana kudzu; kudzu vine; foot-a-night-vine; Megacopta cribraria bean plataspid Walton COUNTY RECORD vine-that-ate-the-south Quercus sp. oak Bactrocera correcta guava fruit fly Sarasota FRUIT FLY DETECTION Quercus virginiana live oak Atanus perspicillatus a leafhopper Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Taxodium distichum bald cypress Taxodiomyia cupressi a gall-making fly Levy COUNTY RECORD Taxodium distichum bald cypress Taxodiomyia cupressiananassa a gall-making fly Levy COUNTY RECORD Vitis sp. grape unknown Scarabaeidae a scarab beetle Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Zanthoxylum fagara wild-lime, lime prickly-ash Leuronota fagarae Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD parallela parallela a carabid beetle Broward COUNTY RECORD Ceratocombus sp. a ceratocombid bug Miami-Dade COUNTY RECORD Ceratocombus sp. a ceratocombid bug Polk COUNTY RECORD Crossopriza lyoni a cellar spider Nassau COUNTY RECORD Cryptaspasma bipenicilla tortricid moth Jackson COUNTY RECORD Dolomedes triton a fishing spider Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Duponchelia fovealis European pepper moth Escambia INTERDICTION INTERCEPTION Emblyna florens a meshweb weaver Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Episimus vixenus tortricid moth Broward US CONTINENTAL RECORD Euarestoides abstersus a fruit fly Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Falconina gracilis a spider Hendry COUNTY RECORD Gasteracantha cancriformis spiny orbweaver/ "crab" spider St. Johns COUNTY RECORD foxi a longjawed orbweaver Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Hibana decepta a ghost spider Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Kukulcania hibernalis a crevice spider Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Latrodectus geometricus brown widow Escambia COUNTY RECORD Latrodectus geometricus brown widow Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Menemerus bivittatus a jumping spider Nassau COUNTY RECORD Metaltella simoni a cribellate spider Nassau COUNTY RECORD Metamasius hemipterus silky cane weevil Nassau COUNTY RECORD Metazygia wittfeldae an orbweaver Nassau COUNTY RECORD Metcalfa pruinosa a flatid planthopper Jackson COUNTY RECORD

9 Plant Name Plant Common Name Arthropod Arthropod Common County Records Name Micrathena gracilis a spiny orbweaver Nassau COUNTY RECORD Neospintharus trigonum a kleptoparasitic cobweb spider Nassau COUNTY RECORD Pardosa littoralis a wolf spider Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Peucetia viridans green lynx spider Broward COUNTY RECORD Platnickina mneon cobweb weaver Volusia COUNTY RECORD Platnickina mneon cobweb weaver Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Plexippus paykulli a pantropical jumping spider Nassau COUNTY RECORD Prepona laertes a nymphalid Broward US CONTINENTAL RECORD Pseudocabotia balconiensis a pyralid moth Broward HOST RECORD Scytodes fusca a spitting spider Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Smeringopus pallidus a cellar spider Escambia COUNTY RECORD Sophonia orientalis two-spotted leafhopper Polk COUNTY RECORD Spinibdella tenuirostris a bdellid mite Monroe COUNTY RECORD Steatoda bipunctata a spider Nassau REGULATORY INCIDENT Tetragnatha nitens a long-jawed orbweaver Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Theridion glaucescens a cobweb spider Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Theridion melanostictum a spider Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Tidarren haemorrhoidale a cobweb weaver Hillsborough COUNTY RECORD Trachelas similis dark sac spider Escambia COUNTY RECORD Trischidias georgiae a scolytid beetle Escambia COUNTY RECORD Tylonotus bimaculatus a longhorn beetle Duval COUNTY RECORD Uloborus glomosus a hackled orbweaver Nassau COUNTY RECORD

10 Sample Submissions Nematology Section Compiled by Janete A. Brito, Ph.D. July Year to August date This section analyzes soil and plant samples for nematodes, conducts pest Morphological 2,145 9,284 detection surveys and provides diagnoses of plant problems, in addition to Identifications completing identification of plant parasitic nematodes involved in regulatory and certification programs. State of Florida statutes and rules mandate the Molecular 2,065 8,424 predominant regulatory activities of the section. Analyses of plant and soil Identifications samples include those from in-state programs, plant shipments originating in Total Samples 80 860 Florida destined for other states and countries, as well as samples intercepted Submitted in Florida from outside the United States.

Nematodes of Special Interest Certification and Regulatory Samples Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1989) Chitwood, 1949, the peanut root-knot nematode, was found infecting the roots of the weed citron, Citrullus lanatus July Year to (this weedy form is the same species as watermelon). (Marion County; N13- August date 000685; Janete A. Brito; 21 June 2013.) Multistate 1,513 5,799 Certification Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949, the for Southern root-knot nematode, was found damaging the roots of the National and herbaceous vine, beach morning glory, Ipomoea pes-caprae. (Pinellas County; International N13-00373; Mark A. Spearman; 15 April 2013.) Export California 220 16,41 Meloidogyne arenaria is a major limiting factor for peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Certification grown in the Southeast and Southwest United States. Citron (Citrullus lanatus) Pre- 60 146 was recently found infected with M. arenaria in a peanut field, in Marion movement County, Florida. Infected plants exhibited root galling, a typical below ground (Citrus symptom induced by root-knot nematodes. Egg masses were clearly visible Nursery outside of the roots. In an earlier survey carried out in Florida, we reported Certification) the following weed species as hosts of M. arenaria: Amaranthus spinosus, Ipomoea triloba, Jacquemontia tamnifolia, Macroptilium lathyroides, Portulaca Site or Pit 7 52 oleracea and Physalis angulat. Additionally, in a weed host status study, we Approval found Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus spinosus, (Citrus Cnidoscolus stimulosus, Dichondra repens, Echinochloa muricata, Ipomoea Nursery and triloba, Leontodon hispidus and Phytolacca americana to be hosts of M. Other arenaria. Weeds are a major constraint in agricultural production since they Certifications) compete with crop plants for water, soil nutrients and light. They also interfere with distribution of irrigation water and efficient fertilizer application. Competition for resources with crop plants, particularly in the early stages of growth, can Other Samples reduce crop yields. Weed species enable plant-parasitic nematodes to survive July Year to in the absence as well as the presence of a crop, providing a nematode August date inoculum source for the following season. The proper weed management, both Identifications 3 4 within and after the normal cropping cycle, is a critical component of nematode (invertebrate) management programs. Plant 25 72 Problems Intrastate 237 680 Survey, Random Molecular 80 860 Identifica- tions*

* The majority of these analyses involved root-knot nematode species.

11 Collectors submitting five or more samples that were processed for nematological analysis during July - August 2013

Bailey, W. Wayne 20 Krok, Jesse M. 5 Bentley, Michael A. 87 LeBoutillier, Karen W. 208 Brown, Lance A. 5 Ochoa, Ana L. 72 Burgos, Frank A. 168 Puppelo, Anthony 5 Clanton, Keith B. 71 Qiao, Ping 8 Yong Cong, Mary 28 Spriggs, Charles L. 109 Hassell, Lisa M. 13 Terrell, Mark R. 26 Citrullus lanatus (citron) fruit Keen, Emily I. 44 Vasquez, Dagne A. 11 Photography courtesy of Shirley Denton http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Photo.aspx?id=12928

References

Brito, J. A., R. Kaur, R. Cetintas, J. D. Stanley, M. L. Mendes, E. J. McAvoy, T. O. Powers and D. W. Dickson. 2008. Identification and characterization of Meloidogyne spp. infecting horticultural and agronomic crops, and weeds in Florida. Nematology 10:757-766.

Kaur R., J. A. Brito and J. R. Rich. 2007. Host suitability of selected weed species to five Meloidogyne species. Nematropica 37:107-120.

Citrullus lanatus (citron) growing in a pasture field in Florida. Photography courtesy of Dr. Brent Sellers, University of Florida http://rcrec-ona.ifas.ufl.edu/weed-science/weed-id/citron. shtml

12 Sample Submissions Plant Pathology Section Compiled by Timothy S. Schubert, Ph.D. July Year to August date This section provides plant disease diagnostic services. The agency-wide goal Pathology 451 2,078 of protecting Florida agriculture very often begins with accurate diagnoses of plant problems. Disease management recommendations are offered where Bee 0 13 appropriate and available. Our plant pathologists are dedicated to keeping Black Spot 0 36 informed about plant diseases outside Florida in order to be prepared for Box Blight 2 6 potential introductions of new pathogens. Citrus Canker 325 1,045 In July and August 2013, we recorded two more viral diseases for the first time Greening 771 2,376 in Florida, continuing a trend in recent times. The first of the new viruses in Interdiction 15 40 Florida is Hosta virus X, a potexvirus that is spread mechanically in the sap. The Laurel Wilt 7 69 proper virus name is written Potexvirus Hosta virus X. It is the most common of Soil 3 27 several known viral pathogens of this host. Sudden Oak 9 26 Many Hosta varieties become infected with Hosta virus X by way of the Death asexual propagation methods commonly used with this plant. Symptoms vary Sweet Orange 3 11 from apparent immunity to severe mosaic and leaf necrosis. Hosta can be Scab-like a challenging bedding plant to grow in Florida because of our long, hot, wet Disease summers that encourage foliar diseases and slug infestations. The addition of Water 1 1 this viral disease makes them even more difficult to grow successfully. Miscellaneous 13 24 The second new virus is provisionally diagnosed as Schefflera ringspot Total Samples 1,600 5,752 badnavirus, properly designated Badnavirus Schefflera ringspot virus. This pathogen is transmitted by mealybugs and causes leaf mottling along with chlorotic and necrotic ringspots. In a previous edition of Tri-ology, the ability of the double-stranded DNA of the badnaviruses to integrate into the host genome was mentioned [see Dracaena mottle badnavirus in the May-June issue, Vol. 52(3)]. Double-stranded DNA is unusual for a plant virus; most are single stranded RNA, with a few double-stranded RNA. In addition to its geographical range in the United States, Schefflera ringspot occurs in Australia, Barbados, Cuba, Mauritius, Honduras, Taiwan and Thailand. The integration capabilities of this relatively new and poorly understood group of viruses make diagnosis especially problematic. Expect updates on badnaviruses of plants as research uncovers more about their diagnosis, habits and ability to cause disease.

Hosta sp. with symptoms of Hosta virus X on individual leaves Photograph courtesy of FDACS, DPI

Hosta sp. with symptoms of Hosta virus X on a whole plant Photograph courtesy of Timothy S. Schubert, DPI

13 Plant Species Plant Common Causal Agent Disease Location County Sample Collector Date New Comments Name Name Type Number Records Delonix regia royal poinciana Ganoderma butt rot Dooryard Broward 74135 Owner 8/16/2013 Host This pathogen lucidum has a wide host range on woody plants. Digitaria ciliaris southern Pyricularia grisea Pyricularia Farm Hamilton 73439 Robert M. 7/16/2013 Host species crabgrass leaf spot Leahy, Bradley name A. Danner changed, not a new host record. Glycine max soybean Peronospora downy Farm Union 73826 Robert M. 8/2/2013 Pathogen manshurica mildew Leahy was formerly known as Peronospora sojae. Hosta sp. hosta Potexvirus Hosta virus Nursery Duval 73568 Lisa M. Hassell 7/31/2013 State One of two virus X new viral diseases in Florida in this two month period Lagerstroemia crape myrtle Hinomyces leaf spot Dooryard Alachua 73513 James W. 7/22/2013 This is a indica moricola Edwards foliar disease of wet, hot summer days. Undetermined Cylindro-cladium leaf spot Dooryard Alachua 73882 Holly Jensen 8/6/2013 The small scoparium host plant here was thought to be a tree fern (Dicksonia antarctica), but could not be confirmed. Persea palustris swamp bay Raffaelea lauricola laurel wilt Dooryard Washington 73825 Ariel B. Sewell 8/8/2013 New county record in the Panhandle of Florida. Roystonea royal palm Thielaviopsis trunk rot Landscape Sarasota 73664 Fred Doery 7/29/2013 This pathogen regia paradoxa invades trunk wounds which can develop into cankers and breakage. Schefflera sp. schefflera Badnavirus virus Dooryard Palm 73047 Michael L. 7/8/2013 State The second Schefflera ringspot Bearch Cartrett of two new virus viral diseases in Florida this reporting period.

14 Tri-ology Column

The mission of the Division of Plant Industry is to protect Florida’s native and commercially grown plants and the state’s apiary industry from harmful pests and diseases. As part of that mission, DPI works to develop tools to help identify pests, diseases, and the plants themselves. More and more, extension agents, inspectors and other plant professionals and anyone else interested in identifying biological organisms in the field are ditching books and printed specimen cards in favor of their mobile devices.

These handy little applications derive from websites like the one DPI entomologist Dr. James Hayden developed to improve the ability of plant inspectors and diagnosticians to identify larval and adult Microlepidoptera (micromoths) that feed on plants in the family Solanaceae (nightshades, an economically important family of flowering plants). (http://idtools.org/id/leps/ micro/). Atomopteryx solanalis head Photograph courtesy of http://idtools.org/id/leps/micro/ Recently, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced it had gallery.php released a set of ten identification keys in the form of apps forAndroid smart phones and tablets. These apps, derived from desktop Lucid Keys, will operate on mobile devices in the field without requiring internet access.They will be available for the Apple operating system in 2014.

The ten keys include three for citrus pests and diseases, one for dried botanicals, one for federal noxious weeds, three for palms and palm pests and diseases, one for terrestrial mollusks and one for tortricids (a family of moths of agricultural importance).

The lists of species are based on scholarly publications as well as data from UF/ IFAS, the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry, entry interception data from the USDA and Plant Health Inspection Service and other sources.

The apps were developed in cooperation with The University of Queensland’s Biological Information Technology team.

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