DACS-P-00124 Volume 52, Number 4, July - August 2013 DPI’s Bureau of Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology (the botany section is included in this bureau) produces TRI- OLOGY six times a year, covering two months of activity in each issue. The report includes detection activities from nursery plant inspections, routine and emergency program surveys, and requests for identification of plants and pests from the public. Samples are also occasionally sent from other states or countries for identification or diagnosis. Highlights Section Reports Prepona laertes, a nymphalid butterfly, a new continental USA record. This butterfly ranges Botany Section 2 widely over tropical America, as far north as southern Mexico. It is popularly displayed in captivity and, as Entomology Section 5 such, its importation is regulated. A population was Prepona laertes, a nymphalid butterfly Nematology Section 11 detected in Broward County, and a CAPS survey Photograph courtesy of James E. determined that the infested area is very localized. Hayden, DPI Plant Pathology Section 13 In the native range, the larvae feed on foliage of trees in Fabaceae (such as Inga), Sapindaceae Our Mission 15 (Meliococcus) and Chrysobalanaceae, including cocoplum. The butterflies are usually uncommon in the environment and are not reported to be pests. Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet (hyacinth bean). Legumniosae/Fabaceae. Because of its long history Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean) of cultivation, perhaps first becoming a crop in India Photograph courtesy of Lisa M. Hassell, or Southeast Asia, the origin of this species is not DPI certain, although it is thought to be native to tropical Africa where the wild type is found along with the cultivated crop. In Florida, it has escaped from cultivation and has been previously documented as persisting outside cultivation in Miami-Dade and Monroe counties. Potexvirus Hosta virus X. In July and August 2013, we recorded two more viral diseases for the first time in Florida, continuing a trend in recent times. The first of the new viruses in Florida is Hosta virus X, Citrullus lanatus (citron) fruit Photography courtesy of Shirley Denton, a potexvirus that is spread mechanically in the sap. http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Photo. The proper virus name is written Potexvirus Hosta How to cite Tri-ology: Dixon, W.N. and P.J. Anderson. (Editors). year. aspx?id=12928 virus X. It is the most common of several known viral Section. Tri-ology Volume(number): page. [date pathogens of this host. you accessed site] website address For example: Dixon, W.N. and P.J. Anderson. (Editors). 2012. Entomology section. Tri-ology 47(5): 8. [accessed July Meloidogyne arenaria is a major limiting factor for 5, 2013] http://www.freshfromflorida.com/content/ peanut (Arachis hypogaea) grown in the Southeast download/12542/151552/triology_5101.pdf and Southwest United States. Citron (Citrullus lanatus) was recently found infected with M. arenaria Acknowledgements: The editors would like to acknowledge the work of all in a peanut field, in Marion County, Florida. Infected those who contributed information and explanations plants exhibited root galling, a typical below ground by providing data, photographs or text and by carefully symptom induced by root-knot nematodes. reading early drafts. We also thank Reid Carswell for his skillful use of web authoring tools to produce this report. We welcome your suggestions for improvement of TRIOLOGY. Please feel free to contact me or Dr. Patti Anderson with your comments. Dr. Wayne N. Dixon, editor Assistant Director, DPI Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services • Adam H. Putnam, Commissioner 1 Botany Section Sample Submissions Compiled by Patti J. Anderson, Ph.D. July Year to This section identifies plants for the Division of Plant Industry, as well as for August date other governmental agencies and private individuals. The Botany Section Samples maintains a reference herbarium with over 11,000 plants and nearly 1,400 submitted 1,625 vials of seeds. 5,567 by other DPI sections Some of the samples received for identification are discussed below: Samples Aganonerion polymorphum Pierre ex Spire (sour-soup creeper, river-leaf submitted 311 737 creeper), from a genus of one species from Southeast Asia. Apocynaceae. This for botanical perennial, herbaceous vine, native to Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam, identification has the opposite leaves and milky latex and corolla lobes that overlap in bud, only as do most species in this family. The leaves are entire, papery in texture, to Total Sam- 1,936 6,304 11.3 cm long and 5.4 cm wide and have petioles with glands in the leaf axils. ples Submit- The spike-like inflorescences, to 9 cm long, consist of numerous flowers with ted ovate to lanceolate sepals and corollas with yellow tubes and pink lobes with Specimens 26 129 pubescence inside the tube. This species is harvested from the wild and also added to the cultivated as a medicinal and culinary herb. In Thai traditional medicine, it is herbarium used as a cough suppressant, expectorant and a treatment for muscle pain, while in Laos it is used to treat lung and kidney ailments and back pain. In the culinary traditions of several different Indochinese ethnic groups, it is used as a souring agent in place of tamarind or lime juice, and it is a key ingredient in a number of soup and hot pot dishes. Although this species is well known in Indochina, it is virtually unknown in the West, and it is poorly represented in American herbarium collections. This appears to be the first documented occurrence of this species in cultivation in the United States. (Pinellas County; B2013-552; Linda G. McRay; 5 August 2013.) (Delang 2007; Mabberley 2008; Middleton 1996; Sakong et al. 2011.) (Marc S. Frank.) Ipomoea quamoclit L. (cypressvine, star morning-glory), from a genus of about 650 species native to tropical and warm temperate regions. Convolvulaceae. The species is native to the tropical Americas, but was introduced as an ornamental, escaped and is now naturalized from eastern Canada through much of the eastern half of the United States and in California, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. In Florida, it has become weedy throughout most of the state, although not in every county. Several cultivars have been developed. Aganonerion polymorphum (sour-soup creeper) The beautiful vine in the morning glory family is has leaves 1-9 cm in length, Photograph courtesy of Robert LaFond, wikimedia. elliptic to ovate in outline, and that appear to be pinnate, but are pectinate (like http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload. the teeth of a comb) with 8-20 pairs of linear lobes that are less than 1mm wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Aganonerion_ polymorphum.jpg&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/ wide. The inflorescences are cymes with 1-5 flowers, each with calyx lobes 4-7 wiki/Aganonerion_polymorphum&h=600&w=800&sz=5 mm long, elliptic to ovate with an obtuse apex and terminal mucro. The scarlet 7&tbnid=G0dqPtweWVj1PM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=125&zoo to deep red (occasionally white) corolla is 2-3 cm long with five lobes and a m=1&usg=__9JowAjvuMmglCuNWssNUYlJlzbY=&doc id=hFkS3sU5EA9CsM&sa=X&ei=hJN7UuL4EtWisQTb6 two-lobed stigma. The fruit is ovoid, 6-8 mm long, containing one to four seeds oCABw&sqi=2&ved=0CDcQ9QEwAg tufted with very small hairs. This vine is visited by butterflies and hummingbirds and is easy to grow in a home garden although its aggressive growth under ideal conditions can be problematic. (Suwannee County; 2013-507; W. Wayne Bailey; 19 July 2013; Hendry County; 2013-649; Joyce V. Willis; 20 August 2013; and Charlotte County; 2013-683; Karen J. Noland; 21 August 2013.) (Austin 2013; Mabberley 2008; Miller and Miller 2005; http://www.herbarium. hawaii.edu/efloras/guam/query/details.php?plantgroup=Dicotyledon&family=C onvolvulaceae&genus=Ipomoea&species=quamoclit&id=241 [accessed 2013 December 17].) 2 Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet (hyacinth bean), from a genus with one species, probably originating in tropical Africa, but widely cultivated. Legumniosae/ Fabaceae. Because of its long history of cultivation, perhaps first becoming a crop in India or Southeast Asia, the origin of this species is not certain, although it is thought to be native to tropical Africa where the wild type is found along with the cultivated crop. In Florida, it has escaped from cultivation and has been previously documented as persisting outside cultivation in Miami-Dade and Monroe counties. This twining perennial (or annual in colder climates) grows to 7 m long. The purple- tinged compound leaves have three ovate to triangular leaflets and persistent, reflexed stipules. The inflorescence is an axillary raceme. Each flower has a campanulate, two-lipped calyx, and a typical pea flower, pink to purple or white in color. The corolla has an orbicular standard, auriculate at its base, the wings broadly ovate, and the keel is curved upward at a right angle. The upper section of Ipomoea quamoclit (cypressvine) with unusual white the style is bearded. The glabrous, purple (sometimes green) legumes are slightly flower flattened, with minute warts along both sutures, and contain three to six seeds. Photograph courtesy of Betty Wargo, http://florida. In tropical countries, the young pods and immature seeds are eaten, and young plantatlas.usf.edu/Photo.aspx?id=1073 leaves are sometimes used as a leafy vegetable. Mature, dried seeds are toxic, but may be eaten after lengthy boiling in at least two changes of water. Several medicinal uses of the species are also reported, and it is a source of green dye, obtained from crushed leaves. It is sometimes found as an ornamental annual in temperate areas of the United States, valued both for its spikes of fragrant flowers and the glossy, ruby-purple fruits that follow.