SECTION 2-Official Interpretations/Clarifications ***latest posting on 4/20/01

Rule- Situation Interpretation Possible 2002 Action section 1-53 The batter slaps a ball into the This is a legal . As a standard, if a Possible addition- air above home plate. Although which does not go higher than the batter’s head is “Note- if the catcher the ball does not go higher than caught moves to the ball, it is not the batter’s head, the catcher is a) it is a if the ball travels directly to the a foul tip. If caught, it is able to lunge forward and make catcher’s hand/glove and a legal catch and if not the catch. Is this a foul tip or b) it is a legal catch if the catcher moves to the caught, it is .” legal catch? ball.

1-48 Possible addition- “Whenever the first of multiple outs is made by the batter, all forces are eliminated.” 2-12 At a predetermined half , It was never the committee's intention to suspend a Per rule 2, section 12, usually between the top and game to re-groom a field except in the event there maintenance of the field bottom of the fifth inning, the is an set-up (for example, playing at a park before and during games home team wishes to have their district and someone discovers the bases are in the shall be the responsibility grounds crew re-groom (water, 65 foot sleeves) or if conditions are dangerous of the home management. drag, line and replace the bases) (such as adding field amendment to a wet area). Of Possible rewrite- add in- the . The field work is course, there is the recent addition to allow for the game field maintenance done quickly but 3-5 minutes redrawing of lines but even that stipulates to avoid shall be at the request of elapses during which the home significantly delaying the game to do so. the umpire. team throws warm-up While the committee is grateful to the grounds pitches in foul territory before crews which take such pride in their fields, their taking the field for her five time on the field during the game should be warm-up pitches from the limited to the repairs mentioned above and raking mound. Is this game delay high traffic areas which can be done without legal? interrupting either the normal flow of the game or between inning warm-up activities. Please note it is contrary to the spirit of the rule for the offensive team to delay coming out of the in an effort to allow the grounds crew additional time on the field. In addition, if the raking of high traffic areas occurs, it should happen no more than once during a game. 3-1 Clarify limit for .50 COR. The standard is rounded to two decimals so as long Is the standard absolute (.5000) as the COR is less than .505, it would round to the or rounded (.50999)? maximum limit of .50. 3-6 Does the restriction on electronic Scouting information gathered outside the dugout Possible revision- equipment apply to is to stay outside (i.e. not be given or relayed to Note: Scoring and/or a) radar guns; and team personnel) during the contest so relaying statistical information b) information from the information from radar guns or pitching charts is may be entered into official scorer whether or not permissible. electronic equipment in not she is using an Verifying the accuracy of score keeping decisions the dugout during the electronic scorebook? with the official scorer however is legal. The game. In addition, distinction is that accurate scorekeeping (from any scoring decisions may be source whether it is scorepad or something verified with opposing electronic, from the official scorer or opposing teams and/or the official scorekeeper) is information that is equitably shared scorer as long as the with both teams and provides neither with a information is of a scoring competitive disadvantage. Scouting information (rather than scouting) advantages one team over the other and may lead nature. to the outcome of the game favoring the better- equipped team, not the better team on the field. SECTION 2-Official Interpretations/Clarifications ***latest posting on 4/20/01 Rule- Situation Interpretation Possible 2002 Action section 3-11b Under foul weather wear, the Players, coaches and umpires should be allowed to Possible revision- book indicates foul weather wear as many layers of allowable clothing as they delete “if the weather garments may be worn if the need to participate comfortably. The participant warrants”. weather warrants. Does this should be allowed to interpret “if the weather preclude a pitcher (who prefers warrants” for her own needs (which would include keeping her arm sweaty) from a pitcher who wishes to keep her arm extremely wearing a coat while running the warm, even in the warmest of weather). The bases in warm weather? Can an benefit of the doubt should go to the player in individual player decide she is allowing her to add clothing as long as it is legal cold and wear a sweatshirt if the and does not pose a danger to her, her teammates other players indicate they are or opponents. Note-if a batter wears a loose fitting warm enough to play without the garment that hangs into the , she should extra clothing? be instructed to tuck it in, roll it up or remove it.

3-11c Can a player wear a bandana No, bandanas and handkerchiefs are not allowed Possible revision: Plastic under her cap, helmet or even if worn under allowable headgear in as much visors, bandanas and catching helmet? as the allowable gear could be displaced during handkerchiefs are not game action, thus exposing the bandana/ allowable headgear even handkerchiefs. if covered or worn under a cap or helmet. 3-11d If jersey sleeves are tied OR No, as noted near the bottom of page 34, uniforms Possible rewrite- note taped as opposed to tied AND are to be worn properly. Any method of hiding the Note-Fastening sleeves to taped, are they legal? sleeve to simulate a sleeveless jersey is not simulate a sleeveless permissible. Note- while this rule has little effect jersey is considered on the outcome of the game, its enforcement is wearing the uniform important to the image of the game just as team improperly. jerseys replace eclectic t-shirts worn by some recreational teams. 5-4a Must an umpire inspect Yes, bats can become unusable or helmets cracked equipment for the second game in any game and should not be allowed in of a header or before subsequent ones. each game of a tournament? *** Runners on second and third The play at the plate is the apparent third out 6-1c and with two outs. The batter swings however the defense may appeal baserunning 12-24 and misses strike three but the infractions in order to nullify the . When catcher does not catch the . properly appealed, a dropped third strike is a force The runner from third scores. out, therefore the apparent runs do not . The catcher eventually recovers the ball and throws to the pitcher covering the plate who tags out the second runner also attempting to score (third out). The batter-runner, thinking the inning was over, advanced toward BUT did not touch first base before the pitcher realizes she has a play and throws to first. The throw beats the batter- runner but since there are three outs already, what is the effect? SECTION 2-Official Interpretations/Clarifications ***latest posting on 4/20/01 Rule- Situation Interpretation Possible 2002 Action section *** Can a team gain a second Ideally as a team representative approaches the Possible rewrite- 6-11a defensive conference in an field for a second conference, the umpire will PENALTY - The umpire inning by sending a team prevent the excessive conference and therefore not shall not permit more than representative out to be ejected have to eject the offender. one defensive conference but still have the opportunity to In the event preventative umpiring does not per inning. The team deliver a message? prevent the situation, the offender should be representative(s), who immediately ejected and every effort made to defies an umpire by prevent delivery of any messages sent from the attempting to hold another dugout to the field. charged conference, shall be immediately ejected (prior to delivering any messages to the field). *** An assistant coach SPRINTS on Upon the ejection of the first assistant coach, warn The committee needs to 6-11a the field for a 2nd conference in the head coach that you will not tolerate the willful consider if it is desirable an inning, delivers the needed disregard for the rules. Under 15-2 you clearly to include the willful and message to the pitcher and have not only the authority to order a coach to do persistent violation of a fielder(s). The umpire attempts or refrain from doing an unsportsmanlike act such rule under rule 13, to stop the coach but is avoided as this but also you are obligated to conduct the Misconduct. and therefore ejects the coach game under conditions conducive to fair play. It could be included in per 6-11a. Two batters later, the At this point of warning, you also have several section 1 as same thing happens with the options...you can add that you will be writing the unprofessional behavior same defensive team, another athletics director of this breach of the code of which draws an ejection assistant coach SPRINTS out conduct (page 8) and abuse of the rules...you can and 2 game suspension. It with the same results--delivered inform the coach that should it happen again, the could also be listed in message and ejection. What team will forfeit the game or you can simply issue section 2 with an recourse is there to prevent the a warning and not indicate what you will do if it automatic ejection for the defense from taking advantage occurs again. first violation and a more of excess conferences? In any event, if it occurs again, you can invoke 6- stringent penalty for 19a5, that is "If, after warning by the umpire, any subsequent violations. one of the rules of the game is willfully and persistently violated" a forfeit is declared. In addition, the committee It would certainly be unfortunate for the players should consider and spectators to be penalized for the reiterating the sections of unsportsmanlike conduct of a coaching staff but 6-19 (forfeited game) sometimes that is the only option to protect the which are examples of integrity of the game. misconduct in rule 13. 6-11a Situation: a coach uses the one a) No conference is charged since the allowable conference early in an substitution was given to the umpire and then inning and then later reports a the coach went to the mound to carry out the defensive switch of the pitcher switch. and right fielder to the umpire. b) The coach may switch the players back at any The coach then goes to the time however if the returning pitcher has mound and tells the pitcher to go already pitched in the inning, she may not be to right field and signals for the given warm-up pitches. In addition, the coach right fielder to come pitch. has not used the one additional conference a)does that trip to the mound to gained from the initial switch of players so switch players count as a that one conference is still available even conference? though the coach already spoke to the starting b)if after throwing one pitch, pitcher earlier in the inning. Note-a team can may the coach switch the players never have more than one conference back to their original positions available regardless of the number of pitching and gain both warm-up pitches changes in an inning. for the returning pitcher and a conference for making a pitching change? SECTION 2-Official Interpretations/Clarifications ***latest posting on 4/20/01 Rule- Situation Interpretation Possible 2002 Action section 7-1a Section 1a states an appeal is a The intent is to have a just resolution to the play Possible rewrite of 7-1c to play on which the umpire does therefore, if a coach approaches an umpire with an replace “any infielder not rule until requested by a appeal, he/she should be asked if he/she will be (including the pitcher and coach or player however 7-1c having an infielder make a appeal on the catcher), with or without indicates a dead ball appeal may play in question. The coach can then take the cue the ball, may ask...” to be made by any infielder to have the process proceed as described in the “a coach or any fielder including the pitcher and book. A similar precedent exists in the event the (with or without the ball) catcher. Does the later preclude wrong umpire is asked for a decision when that may ask...” a coach from making an appeal umpire refers the question to the responsible in contradiction to 7-1a? umpire. 7-1a1 Rule 7, section 1a1 specifies the Current text is accurate and complete however Possible change 1a1 to: penalties for submitting an perhaps not in the best location. Participation by an inaccurate lineup card but the improper player…see 8- parallel penalties for out No immediate changes or clarifications needed. new 4 and Appendix A of order, an unreported substitute chart. Delete current 7- and an illegal player are listed in 1a2. rule 11, section 11 and rule 8, Revise: 7-1a new 2 sections 5d and e. They should Missing a base…see 12- all be referenced here as appeal 19 and 25b; plays. 7-1a new 3 Leaving a base…see 12-2dd-f and 25b; 7-1a new 4 Attempting to advance… see 12-6a (reindex and amend 15-k) *** Runners on first and third with No. Since the third out is a at second, Consider adding as an 7-1a one out. Batter singles to right not a timing play, the run does not score. approved ruling/example. plating the runner from third. The runner who started on first misses second but arrives safely at third. The batter-runner is thrown out at second trying to advance (second out). Defense appeals that the runner from first missed second (the third out). Does the run score since it occurred before the appeal? *** If the defensive team has Both throwing and receiving a pitch are considered 7-1 1b inaccurately listed either their having made a play. The coach of the offended pitcher or catcher, when are they team may bring the error to the attention of the considered to have made a play? umpire and request nullification of the results of Does throwing or receiving a the last pitch. Strategy might dictate waiting until pitch constitute making a play? the penalty will be more advantageous however the offending team also has the ability to correct its own mistake without penalty. 7-1f Runner on first takes off on the Initially, you have dead ball, the runner is awarded Summer meeting to 12-6c and run. She hits second base two bases (third base). BUT she never tagged up determine if this is the fair 12-25d and is on her way to third as the and according to rule 7, section 1f and rule 12, result since the runner is 12-26b makes a diving catch sections 25d and 26b, she cannot return to touch a penalized for a mistake by for the first out of the inning. base if she is on a base beyond the base she left too the defender who threw The outfielder jumps to her feet soon. So if the defensive coach appeals she never the ball out of play. and overthrows the ball into the tagged up, you have an out. first base dugout (the runner is now half way between second and third as the ball leaves the Committee to either fielder's hand). What is the change the rule or verify proper call? support for existing rule. SECTION 2-Official Interpretations/Clarifications ***latest posting on 4/20/01 Rule- Situation Interpretation Possible 2002 Action section *** During the dead ball or as the Stopping the runner and pointing out she cannot 7-1f umpire awards the runner return during the dead ball advantages the defense follow- additional bases, if the runner into making an appeal they might otherwise not up attempts to return to at have noticed. Notice the re-touch but let the first base, should the umpire stop appeal or lack thereof take its course without the runner stopping the runner. 7-1g Runners on first and third with Yes. When the defense initially appeals the batter one out. The batter doubles but missed first base, that is the second out. The misses first base, the runner subsequent appeal for missing second is a timing from first misses second on her play so if the runner from third has crossed the way to third, and the runner on plate at the time of the appeal, the run scores. third scores. The defense If the defense initially appeals the runner missed appeals the two missed bases but second base, that is the second out. The does it matter in which order subsequent appeal for missing first is a force out, they appeal? therefore the run does not score. 7-2e During the regular season, can a Technically the only time a protest committee has protest committee exist to any authority is during an NCAA qualifying event facilitate protests in a (see 7-2f). However if there is a tournament tournament? umpire in chief and a protest is lodged on the field, the UIC may be consulted for his/her opinion to the umpires working the game in settling the dispute. The protesting coach retains the right to protest to the softball secretary rules editor if the on-field resolution is not satisfactory. 8-2a If the starting DP gets on base Once the starting lineup is created with a DP and and is replaced by the DEFO to DEFO, those positions exist throughout the game run the bases twice in a even if one of them is temporarily vacant. The game, the DP is then unable to DEFO who entered the game to run for the DP is play for its remainder (starter still the DEFO and retains all those rights. The DP who has reentered). If that position still exists and a substitute may be entered position (the one the DP in that spot in the . originally occupied but the DEFO currently holds) in the Some of the confusion regarding the DP and batting order comes up again, DEFO stems from using misnomers such as may the coach substitute for the “temporary DP” or from equating the phrases “the DP even though there has been number of players being reduced from 10 to 9 (text no one in that position for some in the rule book)” with “the available positions time or must he/she substitute decrease from 10 to 9 (which is not true)”. for the DEFO? 8-2g3 Per the NCAA … Unlike baseball’s and defensive “If the pitcher is listed in the player, the softball DP and DEFO are much more starting batting order, the pitcher versatile positions. Therefore, a single player may automatically becomes the DH. not be listed in two spots in the starting lineup at In this case, the pitcher is the same time. considered as two players, both Per rule 8-2g3, the same player may not be listed pitcher and DH, and can be as the DP and DEFO on the lineup card substituted for as each.” May a coach list a single player in both the DP and DEFO spot in the batting order for a softball game? SECTION 2-Official Interpretations/Clarifications ***latest posting on 4/20/01

Rule- Situation Interpretation Possible 2002 Action section 8-4 new See 7-1a1 listed earlier New heading: Improper Player a)batting out of order copied from 11-11; b)inaccurate lineup card deleted from 7-1a1; c)unreported sub deleted from 8-5d; d)illegal player deleted from 8-5e (re-index) 8-5b2 Following a pitching change, a The injured pitcher is not precluded from relief pitcher may throw no more reentering as long as she can legally reenter (i.e. than 5 warm up pitches except if was not a substitute herself or as a starter, the pitching change is previously used her one allowable reentry). necessitated by an injury. NFHS does not allow the injured pitcher to reenter if her substitute uses more than 5 warm-up pitches. What about the NCAA? *** #10 is the runner at second, #12 The remedy will depend on the question asked by 8-5d is at first with no one out. The the offended team. and 5e offensive coach announces to the If the defense asks “is #10 supposed to be at umpire #14 will run for #10 and second?” You have an unreported reentry. #14 then uses a conference to talk to was officially reported as a substitute for #10 the batter, the substitute and the however #10 can reenter for her own substitute original two runners. When the (assuming she had not been out of the game offense breaks the huddle, #14 already). Impose the penalty for unreported replaces the trailing runner #12 player. instead of lead runner #10 as If the defense asks “is #14 supposed to be at first reported. What is the remedy base?” #14 is an illegal player. She was not a when appealed? starting player and was officially entered as a substitute for #10. She cannot enter the game a second time so impose the penalty for illegal player. If the defense asks “are both players incorrect?” impose both penalties. SECTION 2-Official Interpretations/Clarifications ***latest posting on 4/20/01 Rule- Situation Interpretation Possible 2002 Action section Interfer- Runner on third base. Batter hits Rule 9, Section 13’s penalty does appear to Possible revision of last ence a foul fly ball that could be conflict with the penalty for hitting a foul ball sentence- When a Intro caught by the third baseman (Rule 11, Section 3c4) which charges the batter runner(s) is called out for (pg 85) however the runner interferes with a strike. Section 13a4 refers to a fair batted , the batter- or 9- with the play. The runner is out ball and a new statement needs to be added for a runner is awarded first 13a4 for interference but what is the foul batted ball. base and credited with a effect on the batter? Rule 9, The correct penalty would be the batter is charged base hit if the ball was Section 13’s penalty specifies with a strike and the offending runner is out. fair. the batter is awarded first base Possible rewrite-a4: and credited with a base hit Physical contact by the however awarding a batter a base runner with a fielder base hit for hitting a foul ball attempting to field a fair seems inappropriate. batted ball, whether intentional or unintentional, shall be interference, provided the fielder had a reasonable chance to make a play. New 5a- Physical contact by the base runner with a fielder attempting to field a foul batted ball, whether intentional or unintentional, shall be interference, provided the fielder had a reasonable chance to make a play. PENALTY- The ball is dead, a strike is charged to the batter and the offending runner is out. Each runner must return to the base touched at the time of the pitch. SECTION 2-Official Interpretations/Clarifications ***latest posting on 4/20/01 *** Runners on first and second with Per rule 9, section 13a4d, “If two fielders try to Int or no outs. A ground ball is hit into field a batted ball and the runner contacts one or Obs the pitcher’s circle that the both, the umpire shall decide which one is entitled pitcher fields and throws to third to field the ball, ant that fielder only is entitled to for the force out. As the pitcher protection. Since the pitcher fielded the ball, only fields the ball, the shortstop she is entitled to protection so there is no (who is moving to field the ball interference on the play. However it should be near second base) and runner noted that had the pitcher missed the ball, it would from second collide, causing the be umpire’s judgement as to if she had a runner to fall to the ground and reasonable chance to field the ball or if the first be retired at third base. Is there fielder with a chance to field it would be the interference on the runner for shortstop. running into a fielder as she Per rule 9, section 13, section 18c1, “A fielder who moved to field the ball or is the is not in possession of the ball, not in the act of shortstop guilty of obstructing fielding a batted ball, or not about to receive a the runner? thrown ball, shall not impede the batter, batter- runner or runner.” This too, relates to judgement. Since the pitcher was the protected player, the shortstop is guilty of and the runner should be awarded the base(s) she would have earned had obstruction not occurred. Remember too, there is the possibility of a no call for inadvertent contact. If the ball was clearly the pitcher’s to field, the shortstop obstructed the runner. However if the ball was clearly the shortstop’s to field (but the pitcher miraculously snagged it), do not penalize the runner. 9-8b or What’s the call if a batter, who is There are several possibilities here. Often times 9-18b drawing her bat backward just the umpire’s holding the pitcher up until the batter prior to a pitch, contacts the has assumed her set position will prevent this catcher? situation. But assuming it did not… If the pitcher has not begun her motion, as soon as contact is made, the umpire should call no pitch and step out of the set position. Everyone then resets without penalty. If drawing the bat backward is an attempt to hinder the catcher, (as in showing and then deliberately drawing the bat back to protect a base stealer) invoke the penalty for 9-8. That is, the batter is out; the ball is dead on the interference. If the contact impedes the batter’s ability to contact the ball, enforce catcher obstruction (9- 18b). 9-8b or If a batter swings at a pitch so This is a judgement call with an overriding 9-18b late that the ball is in the principle of penalizing the offender. If the catcher catcher’s glove, is the call anticipates the pitch and reaches forward to catch interference on the batter, the ball over the plate, it is catcher obstruction. If catcher obstruction or no call? the catcher catches the pitch well behind the plate and the purpose of the swing is to impede the catcher, that is batter interference. In the unlikely event both players are acting appropriately, it is generally a no call. SECTION 2-Official Interpretations/Clarifications ***latest posting on 4/20/01 9-8c The batter swings and does not In softball, it is interference. Although the batter note make contact with the pitch is entitled to an unencumbered attempt to hit the however her swing is so forceful ball, the catcher is also entitled to make a play that on the follow through, her without being hindered by the batter. In the bat hits the catcher and hinders situation you describe, the batter’s attempt to hit her throw on a runner who is the ball ended when ball/bat collision did not occur stealing. NCAA baseball rule 6, so the catcher must now be entitled to throw. section 2d specifies it is not Since the catcher was hindered by the batter, the interference but a strike, dead penalty for 9-8b should be invoked. ball, and runners must return. Is this the correct call for NCAA softball? 9-9b With the bases loaded and one As soon as the ball and runner collide, the ball is 9-13e out, the batter hits a high infield declared dead. Since the contact occurred in fair fly ball toward first base. The territory, the batter is out by application of the umpire invokes the infield fly and runners are returned to the rule however no infielder bases occupied at the time of the pitch. attempts to catch the ball. The Had the contact occurred in foul territory, the ball lands in fair territory where correct call would have been foul ball. the batter-runner contacts it. Even though the batter-runner had been declared The first baseman subsequently out on the infield fly and subsequent contact fields the rebounded ball and occurred, it is not batter-runner interference tags the runner standing a step because no fielder was attempting to make a play off first base. What rule applies? at the time of the contact. *** Runner on first with no one out. Per rule 9-13a2, “the baserunner may not contact 9-13a2 The first baseman is playing in an untouched, fair batted ball, after it passes an for the bunt as the batter hits a infielder if another fielder has a chance to make a screaming line drive past the play.” If, in the umpire’s judgement, the right first baseman that the second fielded had a chance to make a play, rule baseman has absolutely no interference. The rule is not intended to protect chance of getting to. The ball only the four infielders but any fielder, regardless hits off the runner’s shoulder of where she is positioned. (who is off the base) ad deflects into right field.Is interference called? *** With a runner on 2nd and two On the obstruction call, the runner is awarded the 9-18c outs, the batter singles to the base(s) she would have reached had there not been . The runner from 2nd obstruction. If the umpire believes the runner collides with the third baseman would have scored before the third out was made, but eventually progresses home. the run would count. If the umpire judges the As the throw comes into the runner would not have scored until after the tag at infield, it is cut off near the second, the run shall not score. Note-this is only mound and a play is made on the possible on a timing play and would not be the batter-runner attempting 2nd. case if the third out was a force out. The third out is made at 2nd before the obstructed runner scores. Does the run score? 10-2a4 If a pitcher is receiving a signal Both would be legal. The rule specifies the ball from the catcher, may she: must be held and remain in either the bare or a) roll the ball in her hand; gloved hand. Rolling (not tossing) is legal since b) roll the ball up her wrist and the ball remains in contact with the hand. The heel pin it against her leg? of the hand constitutes the base of the wrist so contact is considered to be in the hand however rolling the ball past the wrist and up the forearm is not legal. SECTION 2-Official Interpretations/Clarifications ***latest posting on 4/20/01

Rule- Situation Interpretation Possible 2002 Action section 10-3 The start of pitch never No, the batter must be in position for the umpire to Possible rewrite-The pitch references the batter so if the signal play. Then the pitch is initiated by the steps officially begins when, batter is partially in the box, may listed here. with the batter in the box, the pitcher initiate the sequence the umpire signals play, and “quick pitch” the batter? the pitcher has taken (or simulated taking) a signal from the catcher, both hands have touched in view of the plate umpire, and the hands have separated. 10-16 No one on base with a 3 ball-1 Rule 10, section 16 specifies the catcher must strike count on the batter. Batter return the ball directly to the pitcher except in the swings at strike 2 and runs to five situations noted. Since running to first in mid- first base (perhaps thinking it count is not listed as an exception, award the batter was a dropped 3rd strike). a ball and therefore, a . Catcher throws to first for which While this might seem an injustice, it is not Committee to either the penalty is the award of 1 inconsistent with a base runner who jogs to the added a sixth exception ball. Therefore, the batter is next base by duping the defense into believing she and not award a ball in awarded a base on balls by was forced by the batter being awarded first base. this case or verify support duping the defense. Is this really for existing rule. the correct effect? 11 Intro Between , is the batter Since fields differ significantly in the foul space restricted to any particular space available, other than she is prohibited from being for her warm-up swings similar in the batter’s box, the batter may be anywhere in to the on-deck batter who is foul territory. The intent of keeping her out of the restricted to the on-deck circle? batter’s box is to facilitate the pitcher’s warm-up. Having the on-deck batter in her circle should facilitate movement of umpires and coaches with only having to navigate around the first batter. 11-2 May a batter take a stride No, since the only possible reason for moving Possible addition: A new e position at the front of the backward is to hinder the catcher, this action is stride, if taken, must be batter’s box and, as the pitch is inconsistent with the spirit of the game and should forward toward the delivered, move the rear foot not result in rewarding the offender. pitcher. If the stride is backward toward the catcher (to Note- the catcher may not obstruct, hinder or backward and contact reclaim the batter’s box from a prevent the batter’s legitimate attempt to make with the catcher occurs, catcher who has legally moved contact with a pitch so movement by the batter that there is no obstruction. forward) and therefore be enhances her ability to contact the pitch is (Change old e to new f/ compensated for catcher protected by catcher obstruction’s penalty. The re-index) obstruction if contact occurs? benefit of the doubt must go to the batter. 11-5d Runner on first, batter attempts Because the ball goes directly from the bat to the to bunt but the ball goes directly catcher (whether on a bunt attempt or a swing), the from the bat to the catcher’s options are foul tip or foul ball. It is not a foul tip mitt, then rebounds into the air because it was not caught by the catcher. At the to the pitcher who catches the moment it contacts the catcher but is not caught by ball on the fly as the runner her, it becomes a foul ball (strike) and therefore attempts to advance. Effect? dead ball, runner returns to first. SECTION 2-Official Interpretations/Clarifications ***latest posting on 4/20/01

Rule- Situation Interpretation Possible 2002 Action section 11-11c No one out. Batter one doubles; If the defense appeals the runner from second Possible addition to batter three (improper batter) missed third, she is out (first out) and if the approved singles to outfield and is at defense then appeals the improper batter before the rulings/examples. second. Runner who started on next pitch, batter two is declared out for failing to second advances to home but bat (second out) and advance by batter three is misses third base. Note how the nullified. Batter three is now up to bat with 2 outs, order of appeals impacts the no runners. outcome. If the defense appeals the improper batter before the next pitch, batter two is declared out (first out) for failing to bat and since all advances are nullified, the runner is returned to second. The next batter is the one who follows the player called out (that is, batter three) who now bats with one out, runner on second. 11-14 With less than 2 out and first Rule 11, section 14 covers the general rule for base occupied, the batter runner dropped third strike. The ball is live and runners advances toward first base and may advance. However since the batter-runner is draws a throw after a third strike already out on strikes, when she interferes with a not held by the catcher. The defensive player’s opportunity to make a play, throw ricochets off the batter- apply the penalty in rule 9, section 13e. That is, runner (who was out on strikes) the ball is dead and the runner closest to home at allowing the runner to advance the time of the interference shall be declared out. to second base. Per ASA rules, If there had been additional runners, they would be the ball is dead and the runner returned to the last base touched at the time of returns to first. Since the batter- interference. runner is already out, you can’t have a on the same runner and exception 8-8p exempts the runner closest to home from being called out. What is the NCAA ruling? *** With runners on 2nd and 3rd, the The umpire should direct the baserunners to The committee needs to 12 defense calls a conference. As occupy the correct bases before play is resumed. consider whether this the conference commences, the preventative umpiring is 3rd base coach calls the runners At this time, there is no provision in the text for desired or if the switch in over to talk. At the end of the the opponent to appeal and seek restitution. runners should be treated defensive conference, the the same as batting out of runners immediately return to 2nd order. and 3rd however the runners have If the latter, the penalty switched bases. What should the could include returning umpire do if he/she notices the the baserunners to the switch? proper base with no other penalty if there has been no advance; calling the runners out following advance but before the first pitch to the next batter (other runners return) and applying no penalty following advance and a subsequent pitch. SECTION 2-Official Interpretations/Clarifications ***latest posting on 4/20/01 12-10 If a batter believes she has been No, the batter may be summoned from off the field Possible addition to struck out and leaves the playing of play and return to complete her turn summer meeting agenda. area (i.e. enters the dugout), do without penalty. the same penalties apply as if Committee to either she was a base runner who Personal observation… It does seem ironic that a change the rule or verify abandons her base or a batter- batter’s error is correctable but a batter-runner or support for existing rule. runner who fails to advance on a base runner who abandons a base or an effort to base award? run the bases is declared out. 12-18 For the look-back rule to be in Yes, unless time has been called, the runners are Possible rewrite-The effect, the pitcher must have free to advance. Possession is considered to look-back rule is in effect possession of the ball within the include only the ball in the throwing hand or glove when the ball is live, the pitcher’s circle. If a runner has hand. The ball placed in a pocket, under the chin batter-runner has touched retreated to her base as the ball is or other body part does not constitute possession. first base, there are one or thrown to the pitcher in the more runners, the pitcher circle, is she released if the has possession (that is, pitcher subsequently puts her holds the ball in her hand glove (with the ball in it) under or gloved hand) and her arm or between her knees in control of the ball within order to adjust her hair? the pitcher’s circle. 12-23b Runner on third. Batter receives On the base award, the batter-runner cannot be put a base on balls and trots down to out solely as a result of a defender’s action. first base. After she is half way However she can be put out for violating and the running lane has started, baserunning rules (see definition of without the catcher throws to first in an liability to be put out rule 1, section 117). attempt to keep her from In the first situation, the batter-runner has violated continuing to second. 1) The rule 12, section 23b which stipulates she shall not throw hits the batter-runner who run outside the runner’s lane and interfere with the is in fair territory or 2) the throw fielder taking the throw at first base. On the hits a part of the runner’s body interference, the ball is dead, the batter-runner is which is over fair territory out and each other runner returns to her base. although her feet are both in the In the second situation, there is no interference running lane. NFHS calls her out since the batter-runner’s feet are within the for interference in both cases runner’s lane. The ball is live and runners may even though the base on balls advance at their own risk. Note that in the second awards her the base without example, if the batter-runner, even though she is in liability to be put out. Is the ball the runner’s lane, intentionally interferes by dead or live, may the runner waving her hands, interference would be enforced. advance and is it interference in NCAA play? SECTION 2-Official Interpretations/Clarifications ***latest posting on 4/20/01

Rule- Situation Interpretation Possible 2002 Action section *** Batter hits a deep fly to center Although the batter-runner may not step back 12-26e which looks like it will be toward home plate to avoid or delay a tag by the 12-18a caught. Batter runs to 1st, head fielder, 12-26e does not apply because the steps down, touches the base and turns back toward the plate were not to avoid or delay and walks back down the line the tag. towards home and her dugout. The wind blows the ball down The look back rule allows for a runner who is in and the center fielder does not motion when the ball is returned to the pitcher catch the ball. She picks it up within the circle, to continue in the direction she is and throws it into the infield going or immediately and directly go back in the where the pitcher picks it up other direction. Once she determines that direction, while in the circle. The coach she cannot change (unless one of the yells at the batter-runner to turn circumstances in c occurs). Therefore, the batter- around and run back to 1st. The runner who is dejectedly moving along the foul batter-runner stops her line toward home as the ball reaches the pitcher in advancement to home looks at the circle may now choose to reverse her direction the pitcher, then breaks for 1st. and attempt to return to first. The 1st base person tags the batter out. Is the batter-runner out when she stepped back towards home? If not, is she out for stopping and reversing her direction with the pitcher hold the ball motionless in the circle? 15-1a The umpire uniform includes a Yes, as long as the cap does NOT have the NCAA Possible rewrite-…and plain navy cap? May an umpire mark. Licensing rights have been granted only for navy cap. The cap may wear a cap with lettering use of NCAA caps at the regional and national be unlettered or bear identifying a conference, umpire tournaments. WPSL, AFA or other association athletic conference, association, or other playing marks are legal at the discretion of that governing umpire association or group? association for their respective contests. other association marks as applicable. 15-2 There is no rule citing which No, it is not protestable in that the umpire has the Possible new n. The allows for a pitcher to be granted authority to make decisions on any situations not umpire shall use his/her additional warm-up pitches in specifically covered in the rules (Rule 15, Section authority to protect the the event she is hit with a batted 2). Ensuring the safety of the players is a well being of the ball (unless she is replaced 10- responsibility of all game personnel and the participants by granting 19c) or for inclement weather umpire has the authority to make accommodations warm-up fielding and/or (unless there was a substantial as needed. throwing to players delay 10-19d). There is also no following an injury or citing for an injured fielder to additional warm-up field balls, throw or receive pitches in inclement throws following an injury to weather. determine if they can remain in the game. If an umpire grants Committee needs to “warm-ups” under these consider if this addition is conditions or additional warm- wanted since the umpire up pitches, is it protestable since has the authority to act on there is no rule to reference? these issues even if it is not in the text. 2003 1/24/03 Question Tarp interpretations: 1) Player catches a ball up against a tarp with one foot on the ground and one knee on the tarp- legal or illegal catch? 2) Player catches a ball up against a tarp with no foot on the ground and one knee on the tarp- legal or illegal catch? 3) Player catches the ball legally and then runs into the tarp leaving the ground- is it a catch and carry? Answer 1) Legal catch 2) Legal catch 3) Legal catch and as she sprawls out on the tarp, she is still in play and can get up and throw the ball unless she places her foot on the tarp. In the later case, it is catch and carry. I hope this makes it easier than all the local that bring these questions up. Essentially a fielder can sit on, lay on, hurdle, lean up against, fall onto the tarp and still make a legal catch. The only thing she cannot do is have either foot on it. If she puts her foot on it, she may no longer legally contact the ball.

1/24/03 Question I am wondering if there is any rule in regards to where you tape from? I would like to tape from the outfield, so I can see the strike zone, and what my hitters are swinging at, as well as where my pitches end up. Answer There are no changes this year so it is legal to videotape from any location. The parameters (as listed on pages 41 and 177) are: 1)the person recording the information must not be in uniform (this prevents a player from going out to watch a pitcher and then gaining an advantage and entering the batter's box); 2)that information gained outside the dugout (from the outfield in her case)may not be used during the game (this allows the coach to record information to be accessed after the game to use for statistical or teaching purposes but not accessed during the game); 3)that it must be a game which involves her team or a game that is or will be a tv broadcast (this is standard for all NCAA sports); 4)that the information may be recorded from within the dugout but may not be replayed in the dugout (so rewinding and watching a replay of a pitch or a play that can then be used to argue a call or videotaping a coaches signal pattern and replaying it to steal the signals are prohibited).

1/28/03 Question Is the infield fly rule in effect even if no umpire calls it? Answer On page 19, under the definition of infield fly which is section 66, the definition starts off "when declared by the umpire..." and on page 131, section 18 it says the rule is in effect when "declared by the umpire..." If a ball is hit that would otherwise meet the definition but is NOT declared, it is NOT an infield fly.

1/28/03 Question 1. Banned bat procedure-the umpiring association does not feel that they have the facility nor the finances to "ship" the bats in question to your office, etc. I would like to offer a suggestion. Perhaps when the situation rears its ugly head, and the bat must be "shipped", it should be done with the finances and avenues of the protesting institution. Of course, accompanied with the details and all fine tuning done by the umpiring crew that officiated the game in question. Unless something like that is instituted, I am afraid the bats will not arrive as directed by your procedure. This association services 12 colleges. 2. Page 151, 12/7/b/e-exception-when a runner reaches a base safely and the defensive player applies the tag with "excessive force", sure the runner is not out, but I believe it should now be a dead ball. If we are to keep it live, there must be some loud verbal call made or other similar mechanic to erase all doubt. Just giving the safe signal may lead to greater confusion during the same live ball. As you have directed the umpires to say "no tag" when the runner missed the plate and the catcher missed the tag, another similar "saying" may be in order here. Answer 1)The rules committee did discuss having the protesting team take care of the shipping as you suggest however in order to preserve the integrity of the protest, that is not an acceptable standard. Theoretically, the protesting coach could switch the bat being sent in to "set up" an opposing coach for a violation so giving them custody was rejected. In protest situations, a chain of custody must be maintained by persons with no vested interest in the outcome and the only one in our situation, is the umpire. Even the host team's on-site administrator has a vested interest in the outcome so that option was also rejected. We also discussed having an account to charge but the reality of putting out a credit number to thousands of umpires and expecting it not to fall in the wrong hands and have unknown items shipped worldwide on the account was also unrealistic. We do realize the umpire will be "fronting" the money for approximately 4 days but most of the coordinators we bounced the ideas off of felt their umpires could manage their finances around it. A tube and shipping is less than $10 from anywhere in the country except Hawaii, which is a few dollars more. One conference has mandated that the host schools have the shipping tubes available in the press box so the umpire would only need to pay the shipping charge. This decision was made because most of the umpires fly to their conference assignments and they will need the tube to be able to check them as baggage at the airport in order to get them home to ship but I suppose you could ask your institutions to do the same as a matter of convenience to your association's umpires. 2) The ball is live in all the cases because additional runners may advance even though the base runner is declared out. In the Exceptions to b on page 151, the base runner is not out and she is also able to advance, though in jeopardy of being put out. To change the live ball to dead would eliminate those opportunities for the offense.

1/29/03 Question If a player falls on the tarp and catches the ball while both feet are off the ground and she is on the tarp is she not in dead ball territory therefore making this a no-catch? We understand that she cannot put a foot up on the tarp to catch before during or after the catch for safety reasons, but can she use the tarp as an advantage by leaving the ground with both feet and with a knee, knees, or lean up or on the tarp and use it to catch the ball? It seems we interpreted before that if she caught the ball and then went up on the tarp leaving the ground it was a catch and carry and if she at least kept one foot on the ground and did not put the a foot or feet up on the tarp (for safety and/or to use the tarp to their advantage) that they could catch the ball and the ball would remain live. Answer As to the tarp... unless a team locates it in dead ball territory (ie outside the fence or within a fenced area) essentially a player can do anything EXCEPT put a foot on it. ..she can use it to her advantage to make a catch by bracing or leaning...just can't put a foot on it. It is not dead ball territory so she can sprawl on the tarp, make a catch and then get up and throw the ball. If the ball becomes lodged in the tarp, then you do have a dead ball (blocked ball). If you have a catch and then the player puts a foot on the tarp, you have a dead ball (catch and carry).

1/30/03 Question & Answer #1: Top of the 1st inning, after one out, the defensive coach requests for "time" to speak with his pitcher. He crosses the foul line, has his conference, then returns to his dugout. Is this a conference? Yes. Refer to rule 6, section 11a1 page 57. #2: Same scenario as #1, and after TWO OUTS are recorded in the top of the 1st inning, the defensive coach requests for "time," and before crossing the foul line on his way to the pitcher's mound, advises the plate umpire he is making a pitching change. The coach stays out on the field in the vicinity of the pitching circle and speaks to Pitcher #2. Is this allowed? Yes, the coach used 1 conference after the first out but is now making a lineup change. Refer to rule 6, section 11 exception 2a page 58 which exempts a pitching change (as you describe) from being a conference. #3: Same scenario as #2, and before the third out is recorded in the top of the 1st inning, the defensive coach requests for "time" to have a conference with pitcher #2. Is this allowed? Yes, the coach has not used the additional conference allowed after making a pitching change. Refer to rule 6, section 11a1 exception.

1/30/03 Question One of my DII school has had sod laid in the backstop and foul ball areas. They did not skin the areas up both foul lines the full 3 feet. The running lane has two feet of skinned surface and one foot of grass. In other words, there is a change of surface running down the middle of the 3 foot lane. On page 32 of the rule book it states that the running lane SHOULD be skinned, but not that it MUST be skinned. The change of surface is what bothers me. The sod is planted two feet away form each foul line. I need to know what to tell the coach. Answer It sounds like it is legal but impractical. If i were an athletic trainer, i'd see that as an ankle sprain waiting to happen and suggest they cut back the sod so the lane is all one level surface. It is also impractical in considering a foul bunted or batted ball that as it travels down the baseline, rebounds off the sodline and into fair territory. Hence, most folks who sod foul territory, give it more than 2 feet. But as the rules editor, all i can offer is that it is legal. As you wrote, the book indicates the lane should be skinned...Not must be skinned.

1/30/03 Question & Answer From the Banned Bat Procedures: During the game a coach protests a bat and the umpire deems the bat legal, marks it, and play continues. Can the player use this bat throughout the rest of a two or three game , or throughout the rest of a tournament. If the umpire deems it legal, it can be used in the game. At the start of the next game, the new umpire crew will check bats and the process begins again. If so does the umpire have to keep the bat is his possession between games. No, the bat remains in the team's possession. No, the bat remains in the team's possession. And does the umpire have to mail it to you after the series or tournament is over even if he has deemed the bat legal. No...Just let me know via an incident report. I will then follow up with the team to help clarify the situation and hopefully not make it a 56 game problem with questions by every crew.

2/24/03 Question Can you use balls with different CORs in the same game. (i.e. 3 with a COR of 50 and two with a COR of 47)? Answer The rules have never addressed whether the balls must be from the same manufacturer, the same compression or COR or, more significantly, even the same core…as in polycore and wound yarn. Compression and CORs are maximums…with no minimum listed so a coach has always been able to soften the game to what he/she think is an appropriate level by merely providing balls with lower standards. It is also possible that a ball could test out at .47 and another could test at .49 and both look identical and meet the stamped spec of maximum .50. Your specific question has come up several times already this year so I have put it on the committee’s agenda to ask them to address it in next year’s book…either balls should be or need not be labeled identically from the same manufacturer. In the meantime, there is no requirement that they have the same maximum COR but keep in mind, a player can ask for a different ball anytime so if one ball is perceived to be higher performing than another, both teams can avoid it. Umpires can assist in fair play by pointing out discrepancies in ball specs at the pregame meeting. For example, if a team provided the visiting team with a .50 low seam ball but provided their own pitcher with a .47 high seam ball, the opposing pitcher might assume the ball she was given was the same as the home team and might always ask for the ball she became familiar with in her warmup. At the pregame meeting, if the umpire pointed out there were different balls in the game, each team would have an opportunity to ask for the one that advantaged them the most.

2/24/03 Question Ref pp, Rule 3-2, o. “Bats shall bear the permanent ASA 2000 certification seal or be listed on the approved bat list of the ASA Web site…..indicating compliance with the bat performance standard per the appropriate ASTM testing protocol.” Ref John Bennett’s Rule Differences, page 8, Standards – must meet ASA certification……. OR if the umpire thinks it was manufactured before 2000 and if tested it would comply, then it is OK Answer The NCAA rules are to have the seal OR be listed on the approved list. Unlike the ASA, we do not allow for umpire’s guess as to the manufacturing date.

2/24/03 continued from above Question So the question is, if a bat doesn’t have a certification seal, but it’s on the approved list, can it be used? Answer Yes, per rule 3, section 2o.

2/24/03 continued from above Question Having a stamp that says “official softball” and passing through the bat ring. Answer Yes it must meet these as well per rule 3, section 2 m and f respectively.

2/24/03 continued from above Question Or is this a misprint from earlier times that should have been deleted but wasn’t and all bats have to have the ASA Certification mark? Answer No, it is not a misprint.

2/24/03 Question 2. Ref pp 155, Sec 8 – e. If the offended team fails to properly appeal after one pitch and appeals after the 2nd pitch, do you flip flop the runners and put them back on the proper bases or do you leave them where they are? Answer No. On page 155 we were not very clear regarding the effect on other runners nor the timing of the appeal. We are using unreported substitutes and illegal players as precedence and are tiering the effect: a) If the players switch bases, a pitch has not yet been thrown, when the opposing coach brings it to the attention of the umpire, there is no penalty but the runners are directed to their proper bases. b) If the players switch bases, but have not advanced additional bases, when the opposing coach brings it to the attention of the umpire, the runners are declared out and ejected. If additional runners advanced as a result of the action on the pitch, the advance shall be nullified. The head coach is ejected for unsporting behavior. c) If the players switch bases, but have advanced at least one base and before a pitch (legal or illegal) is thrown following the advance when the violation is reported, the runners are declared out and ejected. If additional runners advanced as a result of the action on the pitch, the advance shall be nullified. The head coach is ejected for unsporting behavior. d) If the players switch bases, but have advanced at least one base and after a pitch (legal or illegal) is thrown following the advance when the violation is reported, the runners are declared out (if on base) and ejected. If additional runners advanced as a result of the action on the pitch, any advance by other runners shall stand. The head coach is ejected for unsporting behavior.

2/24/03 continued from above Question And how does a scorekeeper score this if the lead runner scores and the trail runner doesn’t, when the lead runner is behind the trail runner in the lineup? Answer b ,c & d) would be scored by crediting the fielder closest to the base with the unassisted (as per rule 14, section 12c, page 188). If the lead runner scores and a pitch has been thrown to the next batter, the run stands but the trailing runner would be declared out with the putout again going to the fielder closest to the base. I think this should not be an electronic scorebook issue because it has always allowed for a runner to score on a play where another has been put out but I am not sure if that will hold true or the program will not accept it. Essentially it works like batting out of order and I think most programs accept that even though some have fail safe programs that don’t allow the scorer to make what it thinks is a mistake.

2/24/03 Question Just for clarity, a ball that is fouled and goes no higher than the batters head, and goes off to the side and the catcher has to stretch to catch it, but catches it over by the outside line of the batters box, is considered a FOUL BALL, and when caught, the batter is declared OUT. Pp 18, SECTON 52. Answer You will notice the committee deleted the traditional standard of “below the batter’s head” in defining foul tip in this year’s book so that really has no bearing on the call. In distinguishing between foul tip and foul ball on a batted ball that goes directly from the bat to the catcher, there is some judgement involved. The standard is if the catcher moves to the ball (foul ball) or is able to catch it without moving (foul tip). In your example, I envision this to be a foul ball since she stretches to catch it. If it had been fouled back at the catcher and she caught it, it would likely be a foul tip.

2/26/03 Question The pitcher puts her front foot on the rubber and looks in to the catcher who by her hand/arm movements gives the pitcher the signal. The pitcher then steps on the rubber with her other foot and begins her windup. Is this a legal pitch or an illegal pitch? 10-2.b says she must have both feet on the rubber to take a signal or simulate taking the signal from the catcher. The other side of the coin says that she is still simulating taking the signal before her hands come together since she is looking toward the plate (although the catcher is not making any hand/arm movements indicating she is now giving a signal) after both feet are on the rubber. Answer The pitcher is not restricted to taking only 1 signal. She can stand as you describe and receive a signal from the catcher or the coach in the dugout or her dad in the stands. But she must then take another signal or simulate taking a signal in the position described in 2a...both feet on the pitcher's plate, shoulders in lone with first and third bases, hands separated, the ball in either (but not both hands). This second position alerts the batter and umpire that she is about to bring her hands together, separate them and deliver the pitch.

2/26/03 Question Runners on 1st and 2nd. The batter hits a dribbler up the middle (so both the shortstop and 2nd baseman break toward 2nd base to make a play) that the pitcher just happens to snare. The pitcher then throws to 3rd for an apparent force out. However, either the 1st or 3rd base umpire has signaled obstruction on the shortstop who bumped the runner from 2nd as she was heading to the middle to make a play on the ball (which of course was caught by the pitcher). What do you have? The book says that a runner is protected between the bases she is obstructed and cannot be called out, but the shortstop was also carrying out her duty to go toward the direction of the batted ball. There is no way the runner from 2nd would have made it to 3rd if the ‘obstruction’ had not happened… Answer Under interference in rule 9, section 13a4d, "If two fielders try to field a batted ball and the runner contacts one or both, the umpire shall decide which one is entitled to field the ball, ant that fielder only is entitled to protection." Since the pitcher fielded the ball, only she is entitled to protection so there is no interference by the runner on the play. However it should be noted that had the pitcher missed the ball, it would be umpire's judgement as to if she had a reasonable chance to field the ball (and missed it) or if the first fielder with a chance to field it would be shortstop or second baseman. If in the umpire's judgement it was the shortstop who was the first fielder to have a chance to make the play and the pitcher made a miraculous catch, then the contact would not be obstruction. Per rule 9, section 18c1, "A fielder who is not in possession of the ball, not in the act of fielding a batted ball, or not about to receive a thrown ball, shall not impede the batter, batter-runner or runner." This too, relates to judgement. If the pitcher was the protected player, the shortstop is guilty of obstruction and the runner should be awarded the base(s) she would have earned had obstruction not occurred. There is also the possibility of a no call for inadvertent contact. If the ball was clearly the pitcher's to field, the shortstop obstructed the runner. However if the ball was clearly the shortstop's to field (but the pitcher miraculously snagged it), do not penalize the runner by invoking interference on a player who never had a chance to make the play. The rule book does cite the obstructed runner cannot be put out between bases (9-17c and 12-5d note 2) and this appears to be problematic for your situation where I think you are inferring that the runner really had no chance of being safe at third. The overriding principle for placing obstructed runners has always been the base they would have reached had there not been obstruction...hence the apparent contradiction. Application of the rules requires me to say, award the runner third on the obstruction.

3/10/03 Question "The catchers helmet is a one piece device. It has a silver label that stated; "This baseball / softball catchers helmet is in compliance with the NOCSAE Standards". There was no graphic of a catchers helmet on it. The label appeared to be permanent. It did not appear to be a home made type label. Is the catchers helmet graphic a requirement as a part of the embossed seal / permanent label? NCAA rule 3-5 page 41 and NFHS rule 1-1-7 on page 10-11 does not indicate that a graphic must be displayed. But I am not sure what the NOCSAE regulation actually states. Is this legal? " Answer The helmet in question was determined to be a Spaulding TF Pro so the following answer addresses it in particular but the information about NOCSAE documents should apply to any helmet in question Answer from NCAA Secretary Rules Editor: "I talked to Chris Babcock at Spaulding today. Spaulding stopped making catcher's helmets in 1995 so this model (TF Pro) predates that. The NOCSAE documents that refer to catcher's helmets are 001-00 (Jan 2002), 024-98 (last modified Jan 2002),021-98 (last modified Jan 2002) and 001-98 (May 1998) so you can see the rules in effect at the time of the helmet's production are no longer the standards we follow."

2004

1/5/04 Question While at a Conference meeting/NCAA National Regional Meeting on December 13, we discovered a rule that states that umpires could only wear Conference attire at Conference games....it was italicized in the rule book. Did we read it wrong? I am assigning all Conference and non-Conference games...we require the umpires to have a uniform look, hence jackets and hats with Conference Logo on it -- like our baseball counterparts. If there really is a rule that prohibits it, what is the intent of the rule? It might be to protect the Conference from umpires stating they are members of the Conference when they are not? But they cannot purchase the hats/jackets unless they are assigned by me to officiate games. Dave Yeast, NCAA National Coordinator for baseball is not aware of any such rule in baseball. Answer The reason it is in italics is because all notes are supposed to be in italics (hopefully we have them all in that font). The rule was added in the 2002 book (so you will find it listed under major changes that year and shaded in that book). Anyway...the intent of the rule is to give the appearance of impartiality in officiating a non-conference game...if a close call goes against a visiting team, having that conference prominently displayed just adds to the players, coaches and/or spectators thinking they "have to beat" not only their opponent but also the umpires. It also eliminates the questions of is that a conference ??? rule or policy since those wouldn't apply to non-conference games anyway. You are right, baseball does not have this but that's not surprising. They do have lots of non-conference games but since they do not do the tournament thing like we do, it seems to be a lower percentage of games with umpires they have never seen before. Those are the ones that seem to cause the greatest "uneasy feeling". So somehow this has been in effect for the 2002 and 2003 seasons and no one has written Jeff or myself to complain...imagine that! I hope all your umpires have at least 1 plain navy cap etc so hopefully that will not be a last minute financial hardship. At least you'll be able to start out 2004 correctly

1/12/04 Question If the batter who is hit by the pitch out of the box (we are assuming that out of the box means one foot on the ground completely out of the box) makes an attempt to bunt, slap, or hit the ball- it is still a dead ball strike- correct? Answer Yes...if the batter makes an attempt, she has earned her strike. In 11-16... the topic is and the general rule is she is awarded first base with the exceptions being: making an attempt to contact the pitch (strike), making no effort to avoid the pitch (ball or strike), hit by a pitch in the strike zone (strike), hit as she misses strike three (out), and now hit by pitch in front of the plate (no pitch).

1/12/04 Question According to the new helmet rule (or deletion of the exception), what if the helmet is intentionally removed after the ball has cleared the fence on a ...the ball is no longer 'in play' and therefore no longer a 'live ball' right? What about the runner who has already scored and is 2 (the # is immaterial) steps from the dugout and she removes her helmet? Answer The exception (if the ball is dead or no apparent play is obvious, no one shall be called out) has been deleted which leaves the text as: a...while batting, running the bases or in the on deck circle... and in the effect....while actively running the bases... so even on an out of the park home run, as she runs the bases, she must leave her helmet on. Whether she removes it intentionally or unintentionally, she is declared out. Once she has concluded her , she is no longer in jeopardy of being declared out for removing her helmet. Error: corrected 2/5/04. Delete unintentionally. It should only be intentionally removing the helmet.

1/12/04 Question Page 178 says recording video from the dugout is okay. Page 43 says scouting can't be relayed during the game and statistics can be entered but not accessed during the game. So the question was: can they video tape from the dugout with a camera that has the little playback screen (I think most do)? If the answer is 'yes but they can't play it back' then how do you want it handled if the opposing coach brings it to the umpire's attention? Answer 13-6 does allow a team to record from the dugout...most will set up a camera on a tripod and leave it unattended so that will pose no problem. If however the team has a person doing the recording, they can record but not replay or access the info during the game. If an opposing coach indicates to the umpire that he/she believes the information is being replayed, the umpire should remind the coach that replay is illegal and gain his/her assurance that the video is (or will be now) recording only. Hopefully that takes care of the issue but if the opposing coach is persistent and continually appeals to the umpire as he/she witnesses continued disregard for the rules, the umpire should eject the offending head coach. Ideally the onus is on all coaches to know and abide by the rules but in the instances where that doesn't happen, the rules committee has put the burden on the opposing coach to bring behavior outside the playing field to the attention of the umpire. That way, the umpire's focus is not taken from the field until requested by a coach. The committee fully supports the player's education that can be enhanced by video, just not during the contest itself. Between games of a tournament or , that information can be retrieved and shared...just not during the game.

1-15-04 Question We were talking about this play and we had two different answers. with a runner on second the batter hits a base hit to left as the runner is rounding third she bumps into the third baseman instead of advancing towards home or returning to third she just stops and is put out. Answer Maybe the discrepancy in the two different answers comes from what each of you envision as you read the description of the play ... Here are my thoughts on 2 different possibilities. Even though we try not to "get in the heads" of players and evaluate their intent, the apparent actions based on intent are often relevant and yes, judgement does come into play. 1) If the runner has rounded third in the traditional sense of rounding a base to evaluate the defensive play, then the effect of obstruction would be to negate the putout and award the runner third. The runner has not made it apparent to the umpire that she intends to advance home, she has merely rounded the base. This is probably the most common situation at all bases as runners routinely round a base without the intent to advance (their actions might best be described as "going through the motions"). In these cases, the runner is awarded only the base she held prior to the putout. 2) On the other hand, if the runner rounds third base and her actions demonstrate her intent to continue to home, then the effect of the obstruction would be to negate the out and award the runner home. In this case, the runner's action needs to convince the umpire she intended to advance by clues such as aggressively rounding the base, the speed of the play, her body language and/or by the effect of the contact. If you believe she was obstructed in her pursuit of home (and she gets the benefit of doubt here), award the additional base. In the particular case you wrote up, I envision your effect to be the first because "she bumps" into the defensive player and "she just stops". Those words do not give me the impression she was truly prevented from advancing.

1/22/04 Question Let me know the intent of the rule. Rule change 6-9 Additional example of dead ball (page 56) b. A dead ball is also ruled when a fielder contacts a ball in live ball territory when any part of her body is in contact with dead ball territory. Can you clarify the above. A foot on the "Dead Ball Line" while making a catch, then stepping completely outside the dead ball line is a dead ball, catch & carry? Answer TRUE

1/22/04 Question Does this rule apply to a fielder leaning on a dead ball object such as an fixture outside the dead ball line, gaining an advantage with this dead ball fixture to make the catch? Answer Absolutely...happens around dugouts, light fixtures, foul poles, tarps...where a fielder gains balance from that outside fixture. This is a great example of the intent. Remember too the rules apply to folks who use chalk lines to determine dead ball areas as well as those lucky enough to have fenced in live ball territory.

1/25/04 Question The rules say “anyone.” What if a defensive player obstructs and knocks the player down then picks her up in a display of good sporting behavior. By the book the runner is out although umpires know the intent of the rule and would never apply it to this situation. I suggest you change to “any offensive team member.” Rule 9-10d needs to add words after runner: “who has not crossed the plate” (rule changed in 2003). The largest amount of discussion on this rule change (it really is a rule change and not an editorial change) centered around the fact that ASA changed this rule many years ago because an immediate dead ball presented a problem with this play: a coach physically assists a runner at third (or first base) while a fly ball is still in the air (perhaps she is not tagging and the coach grabs her to push her back to the base). If it is an immediate dead ball, what do we do with this ball in the air? Do we get the out for the fly ball too? How do we explain that to the coach who says: the play was called dead before the catch so how can we get an out on the catch? We suggest that this stays a live ball to be consistent with all other rulebooks. Or rule it a delayed dead ball, then it becomes an immediate dead ball once the ball is touched. If there is an experienced umpire on the rules committee, he/she would have mentioned this potential problem caused by changing this rule back to the “old way” that was finally changed. Answer Thanks for pointing this outxthey should both be delayed dead ball and the wording clear that it refers to persons on the same team and if baserunners, ones that have not yet crossed home plate. I'll include that in changes for next year's committee.

1/25/04 Question New rules 10-10e and 11-16b4 created some good discussion. This situation will have the greatest chance of happening with a slap hitter. If the batter swings and misses this pitch is it still a "No Pitch" or does the strike supersede? Our discussion favored the ruling that the swinging strike takes precedence over the no pitch, and the batter is charged a strike. Answer The rules committee is on the same page with your discussions. If a player swings at a pitch which then hits her, the batter is charged with a strike by virtue of the definition of a strike (i.exany pitch thatxis swung at by the batter and missed). The times we were seeing it was indeed with slappers but they were running forward toward the pitcher with the intent of getting hit in order to advance other runners. They were not even moving the bat out of the launch position although that could have been coming as coaches follow the example of baseball coaches who often teach the "art of getting hit by a pitch". The intent of this rule addition is to remove the advantage gained and anticipate it will not be taught in the future.

1/25/04 Question Jewelry Rule Rule 3-9 from last year’s rule book completely removed. Are there any limitations? What about obnoxiously large pieces of jewelry that are either a safety problem or might reflect and interfere with a player (batter seeing the pitch, fielder tagging a runner as the sun reflects off the jewelry and affects her play)? The discussion: as umpires we should have the authority to judge jewelry as being dangerous or affecting play. With no rule at all, we have this possible situation: umpire asks for the jewelry to be removed; player refuses; we eject; coach protests game. Any suggestions? Refer to Referee Magazine, January 2004, page 46 for an excellent article about this.

Answer This deletion is actually a bit of a surprise that it passed through the system after leaving the softball rules committee this time (it had previously failed). Umpires have never really wanted to deal with jewelry and felt that it should fall under the purview of coaches. Some, of course, were concerned about the liability of having a "no jewelry" rule and then being responsible for something that does happenxlike under a taped earring or by a tongue ring that the injured party feels the umpire should have had removed (by enforcing the rule). So as the rules have evolved into articulating the coach's responsibilities in legally equipping and properly attiring their players, the jewelry is just the next step. The responsibility is essentially shifted to the coach from the umpire. Professional baseball obviously doesn't exclude jewelry and neither does collegiate so it was difficult to explain why it was more dangerous for a woman to wear necklaces, earrings and rings than it is for a man when the risks of the game are so similar. We could find no incidences of increased injury caused by the jewelry worn by the baseball players so I suspect that was a factor in not having our request to delete the rule defeated. (I might add here I have heard stories from people who say they have heard of runners sustaining injuries when the defensive player has caught their loop earrings but never heard of someone who sawxas opposed to heardxit happen and can explain how the helmet didn't prevent itxinteresting huh?) Anyway, if you believe jewelry worn by a particular player does pose significant risk, you might choose to discuss your concerns with the head coach and ask them to take care of it. Or you might chose to invoke 15-2x"the plate umpire shall have the authority to make decisions on any situations not specifically covered in the rules." My personal advice is to reserve this last action for only the most serious cases and refer the wristwatch, rings, tongue studs, earrings, etc to the coaches to determine what they deem is appropriate. If the plate umpire invokes 15-2 and the player does not comply, she is ejected so you will continue to be able to minimize risk to players and her opponents in those cases.

1/28/04 About the pitcher's stride foot... On page 111, under section 4 "...the pitcher must push off ...and take one step/stride forward toward the batter, within the 24-inch length of the pitcher's plate." And in Appendix A, page 215..."pitcher stride within chute...line in question , width of pitcher's plate...must be within line, yes...foot on line, illegal..." Both references describe the same action, just one in paragraph and one in chart form but the essence is the pitcher's stride must be within the 24 inch width of the pitcher's plate and may not be either on or beyond those 24 inches.

2/1/04 Question One out runner is on 2nd base. Base hit to right field. Runner misses 3rd base. It's discovered that right fielder has illegal glove. Coaches option...takes play since run is scored. OK. THEN, the pitcher takes the rubber, steps back and APPEALS to 3rd. Can the Offensive Coach make a second choice? Answer 1st, if the offensive coach is already the beneficiary of a base hit and a scored run, chances are he/she would not bring the illegal glove to the umpire's attention and we know the defensive coach would not alert the umpire so that only leaves the rare circumstance when the umpire notices it first. Point being, hopefully this would be a rare occurrence. BUT if the umpire did notice it, the coach would get the option to take the play or return the batter to the batter's box. After that choice, the offensive coach is done. When the defense correctly appeals the missed base, that runner is declared out (2nd out) and the batter-runner remains on base. The offensive coach is not given a second option.

2/3/04 Question Microwave oven in the dugout - Is it legal? I assume that it's not considered "electronic equipment" in the sense that it can't be used for communication purposes. But can the visiting coach claim that, if the home team has one in their dugout, the visitors should be accorded the same privilege? Answer You are correct in that we don't lump this under electronic equipment. All the information in 2-9 on dugouts, except who may occupy them, are recommendations and not mandated because so many programs are tied into shared facilities that they cannot control. So although we would like to think most hosts provide the same amenities to their guests that they enjoy, it is not mandated in the rule book (but might be by some conferences that have sport specific or general guidelines for comparable equipment for visitors) when it refers to dugouts and equipment. This is usually a more sensitive issue in my area when it comes to heaters in the home dugout and not visitors but maybe your microwave is cutting edge!!

2/3/04 Question Use of microwave oven to "treat" equipment - can a coach keep his bats "warm" by heating vinyl sleeves containing some form of liquid, and then slipping his bats into those sleeves to keep them warm between uses. Should we allow this? If so, what if the opposing coach wants the same privilege? What if the microwave is located outside the playing field? Should we allow bats to be "shuttled" back and forth between the playing field and the oven? Answer The bat manufacturers tell me this is of no consequence since the bat properties take longer to affect than just sliding a sleeve on during a game but technically the coach is not altering the bat so there is no rule against it. If the opposing coach would like to bring a microwave and sleeves, they can do so. If however the microwave is outside the playing area, all the team may do is heat up the sleeves and shuttle them into the dugout. Since your crew has already determined the bats in the dugout are suitable for play, it would be impossible to monitor if the same bats seen in the pregame check are indeed the bats coming back from the "oven". So once the bats are checked, they need to stay within the purview of the umpires and not be shuttled anywhere.

2/9/04 Question Can the American Flag be placed on the helment and if so what is the placement? Answer Yes the flag can be on a helmet. There are no guidelines nor restrictions on decals on helmets other than they may NOT be placed over the NOCSAE seal or warning label. By rule, the NOCSAE information must be legible.

2/10/04 Question I know that if a batter runs out of the front of the box and gets hits with a pitch that she swung at that it is not a "no pitch" and it is a dead ball strike. Now my question is - What happens if the pitch is an illegal pitch? Does the illegal pitch take presedence over the no pitch since runners will be awarded a base and a ball is called on the batter? Please clarify which takes presedence. Answer An illegal pitch should be called in every appropriate situation and the effect would take precedence over a ball, strike, hit, no pitch, etc....

2/16/04 Question Bases are loaded and the count is two balls and two strikes on the batter. The next pitch is ball three; however the batter drops her bat and runs to first. All other runners advance without anyone attempting to play on them, and a run scores. The umpires realizing that it is only ball three brings the batter back to bat and return the runners back to their original bases. Is this the correct ruling? Answer The umpire was correct in recalling the batter to the box and continuing her turn at bat with a full count however the baserunners who advanced should not have been returned to their original bases. They advanced legally during a live ball and should receive credit for doing so...including the run scored.

2/16/04 Question Runners are on first and third when the batter receives ball four. As the batter/runner is running to first, the runner, who was on first starts running to second. For some unknown reason the pitcher throws the ball to the shortstop, and she starts playing on the runner between first and second. During this time the runner on third scores. While the runner between first and second is in a "pickle" she deliberately slaps the ball away when the shortstop is throwing the ball to the first baseman. What would the call be? Answer The run scores as this is a timing play. At the time of the slapped ball, the umpire should immediately declare the ball dead to stop additional action and since there is no play to be made, award the runner who was forced to advance, second base and the batter/runner first on the walk. There is no play to be made because the runners did not attempt to advance past the bases they were awarded. And from the paragraph preceding 12-5 on page 149..."In general, an offensive player who is entitled to advance because of a base award is not in jeopardy of being put out."

2/20/04 Question Rule 9.10.d.- A coach (or anyone other than another runner) may not physically assist a base runner while the ball is in play. Effect-Delayed dead ball is signaled. The assisted runner is out, and each other runner may advance with liability to be put out. Rule 12.7.e.- Base runner is out: When anyone, other than another runner who has not yet crossed the plate, physically assists her while the ball is in play. Effect- The ball is dead. Each runner must return to the last based legally touched at the time of the infraction. The effects conflict each other.... Answer The correct rule is actually a combination of the two it should read: "A coach (or anyone other than another runner who has not yet crossed home plate) may not physically assist a base runner while the ball is in play. Effect-Delayed dead ball is signaled. The assisted runner is out, and each other runner may advance with liability to be put out." Just wanted to let you all know that in 12-11 the fourth note there is amistake. The 2003 text read "If a player contacts dead ball territory with any part of the body except the foot, she is considered out of play. No play is allowed, and the effect is applied." The 2004 text reads "If a player contacts dead ball territory with any part of the body including the foot, she is considered out of play. No play is allowed, and the effect is applied." John Bennet brought to my attention the challenge of applying note 4 ascurrently written to a concrete step or pad in a dugout. In explaining the call, I noticed the error in the text but have no clue how that happened since we did not make any changes in the entire section. Anyway, please let folks know that it should be as written in the 2003 book.

2/23/04 Question There is alot of questions regarding the non-pivot foot (rear) HAVING to be on top of the plate prior to the pitch starting versus contacting which is toeing the back of the plate. Rule - 10 sec.4 b. Is toeing legal, are should the toe be on top of the plate. What does "contact " mean? Answer 10-2a1 specifies the "...at least half of the pivot foot must be on the top surface of the pitcher's plate." So maybe someone is confusing parts of the rules. 10-4 describes the stride and specifically b states that the pivot foot must remain in contact with the pitcher's plate prior to the forward step...so in other words, the pitcher cannot establish the position and then lift that foot off the ground in preparation for the stride. As to toeing..yes the pitcher may establish contact with the pitcher's plate by butting the toe of her stride foot against the back of the plate. The rule says both feet must be in contact with the plate and within the 24 inch width and then specifies more about the pivot foot but nothing else prior to the stride.

2/24/04 Question Is there a penalty for an "Unreported defensive change"? Answer Rule 8, section 4c5 on page 84 covers the unreported defensive player. If it is someone coming off the bench or moving to the catching or , I think it is very clear regarding the effects (rule 8, section 4c). The challenge we have is the other 7 defensive positions. Rule 6, section 5c specifies that all infielders and must be positioned in fair territory but that is the only requirement. This allows a coach to bring a fifth infielder into the dirt or a fourth outfielder to go out in the grass or to play a slap defense where the second baseman is the closest player to first base and the first baseman in playing on the edge of the pitcher's circle up the middle. Those are all good things however the allowance for this creativity can have a negative effect on score keeping. If for example, I switch my shortstop and 's positions (for a pitch, batter, whole inning, whatever) I should inform the umpire who will inform the opposing coach (who might make an adjustment based on speed or arm strength of the players involved) and the score keepers (so that the correct players are credited with their defensive actions). However if I reposition the players and forget to tell the umpire (or choose not to), I could avoid the penalty for unreported player by pointing out I am choosing to position my shortstop closer to the left field foul pole than my left fielder who I am playing in unusually close to the batter (and on the dirt). It is purely a positioning issue and not an unreported change...and it is legal. Obviously this reeks havoc with the score keepers and it can manipulate statistics to allow players to receive awards and recognition they might not normally deserve (perhaps an all conference or all region accolade for the left fielder who by virtue of playing several games in the traditional shortstop location, has an inordinate number of assists than the other players vying for the accolade). But it is a loophole that some softball coaches seem to jump through. As a rules committee, we concluded that to point out this loophole would probably have a negative effect and more coaches would take advantage of it. We see no positive effects of allowing this to happen. So for now IF a coach makes this kind of a position change (again, other than pitcher or catcher) and IF the opposing coaches notices it and brings it to the attention of the umpire, the umpire should ask the coach of the defensive team if he/she made an unreported substitution. If the coach incriminates him/herself, apply the penalty in 8-4c5. If the coach justifies the change as a repositioning, do not apply the penalty.

3/2/04 Question We had a very lively debate that centered around this year's change to rule 6-9 at our interpretation meeting today. The gist of the debate centered around a perceived conflict with rule 12-11. Here's the crux of the debate. Let's say that we have a field with a dead ball line (as opposed to a fence) in foul territory. The consensus seems to be that, if a fielder is positioned in foul territory with one foot completely in live-ball area and the other foot in contact with the dead-ball line but partly extending into dead-ball area, she may legally catch a foul fly ball - is this a valid assumption to make? However, this is at odds with the new 6-9-b, which says that "a dead ball is also ruled when a fielder contacts a ball in live-ball territory when any part of her body is in conctact with dead ball territory." How are we supposed to rule on this? a.) No catch (but this conflicts with 12-11). b.) Good catch. no penalty (but this conflicts with the new 6-9- b) c.) Good catch, plus catch-and-carry. Answer First of all, I need to point out the mistake in 12-11 note 4. It should read "If a player contacts dead ball territory with any part of the body except (NOT including) the foot, she is considered out of play. No play is allowed, and the effect is applied." Next, your assumption is correct that the catch is good. We are considering adding an exception to 6-9-b to read "exception- a fielder's foot that is on, but not entirely over a line marking dead ball territory." Do you think that would cover it? The intent of 6-9-b was to be clear that a fielder could not use a hand or foot to brace against an object in dead ball territory (like a light pole, scoreboard, interior of a dugout...). Since elsewhere in the book we clarify a fielder's foot can be on and extend over a dead ball line but not entirely over the line, we didn't anticipate the problem with 6-9-b but obviously there is one.

3/2/04 Question Bases loaded, count of 1 ball 0 strikes. The pitcher has both feet on the pitchers plate, has hands separated and has the ball in her bare hand and is taking the signal from the catcher. Her bare hand is behind her back where she is apparently rolling the ball. She then drops the ball. I did not notice the dropped ball immediately and my partner did not immediately call an illegal pitch. The coach for the offense complained that she (the pitcher) can't do that. I conferred with my partner and we ruled it an illegal pitch. The effect we ruled was a ball on the batter and each runner was advanced one base. Was this correct? I consulted the 2004 NCAA softball rule book after the game and found the following. Rule 10 Pitching Section 2 a. Before starting a pitch, the pitcher must comply with the following: 4. The ball must be held and remain in one hand, either bare or gloved. Note: Rolling (not tossing) the ball is legal as long as contact is maintained with the hand including the wrist. Effect (a)-(c)-Illegal pitch (see Rule 10-8) Please review this situation and inform me as to whether or not the ruling we made was correct. Answer The ruling you made is correct...it is an illegal pitch. It's obviously an unfortunate one with the bases loaded but as an umpire, you'll see lots of unfortunate mistakes that have consequences. I suspect the pitcher will be more attentive to maintaining possession of the ball once she steps on the pitcher's plate but it's a tough lesson.

3/2/04 Question With runners on first and second and less than one out, a ground ball is hit to the shortstop. The shortstop throws to second for a force out, with the runner from first interfering with the throw to first. The interpreters said the runner advancing from second is out and the batter-runner is put on first base. The runner from second is out because she was the runner closest to home. I tried to say that the runner on second returns to second and the batter-runner is out. I based my interpretation on page 100 of the rule book. That says that the runner closest to home is the batter-runner and that other runners return to their bases if their is interference. Answer The interpreters are correct. See 9-13e, You have a runner who is already declared out (at second, on the force out) interfering with the play so the runner closest to home is also declared out. For what you based your reasoning on, I assume you are reading the approved ruling after the effect of e. That case is different because the lead runner had already crossed home plate at the time of the interference (she started on third) so she is no longer the runner closest to home. In this case, the batter-runner is the closest runner to home, so she is the final out of the double play.

3/2/04 Question When I read Rule 1, Section 57 (Helmets), I interpret the rule mean that a catcher must wear a protective helmet while receiving pithes during a live ball situation. However, the same phrasing ("receiving pitches in a game") is used in Rule 3, Section 8, b. In that rule, the EFFECT indicates that some players may not comply with the rule. Which part is non-compliance anticipated in, the part about the NOCSAE label orwearing a protective helmet when there is a live batter at bat? Or, is my initial interpritation incorrect, and the rule intends that a protective helment be worn in receiving pitches between innings once the game has started? Answer Receiving pitches in a game is meant to be inclusive of the first pitch she catches to the last one. Since some catchers were not used to wearing a protective helmet during between inning warm- up pitches, they often needed reminders from coaches and umpires, hence the warning and need to immediately comply part of the effect. Now that catchers have become accustomed to wearing helmets (through high school and JO ball) it is less of an issue and I suspect a rarity for an umpire to have to remind a player to put on the headgear.

3/2/04 Question Rule 1, Section 77, a defines when a game is declared "legally tied." However, in Rule 6, Section 17, Note 1 it states that (excluding the halted game rule) "a game stopped with the score tied is considered a regulation tie game ..." The note makes no referece to inning. Last year, in the second game of a double header that I umpired, we did not utilize the halted game rule and only played two innings due todarkness. There was no score. According to the note, that would be a regulation tie game because when the game stopped with the score tied. This contradicts Rule 6, Section 14. I think the note is overly vague, and I am fairly confident that I understand the intent. Answer I will suggest to the committee that the note be re-written to read "If the halted game rule is not utilized, a game stopped with the score tied is considered a regulation tie game (if it qualifies under rule 6, section 12) or no game (rule 6, section 18), not a halted game. It may not be resumed.

3/12/04 Question Does the videotape rule apply to still-shots? Answer No, photographers may take still shots from any game, not just ones in which their team plays.

3/12/04 Question Where in the book does it clarify that the coaches boxes extend? I know the box should actually be drawn with just 2 lines (which of course doesn't really make it a box), but I see nowhere that interprets that to mean extended. I ask because occasionally umpires put us inside that 3' x 15' half-box. Answer The coaches box only has 2 restraining lines to prevent the coach from being too close to the batter and too close to the foul line. However with no back edges, the coach is free to retreat as much as your comfort level requires.

3/13/04 Question If a fielder trying to catch a ball has the ball in her glove subsequently knocks down the fence and loses possesion of the ball and it lands on the fence while the fence is lying down. What is your ruling? Answer It is not a catch since the fielder did not control and voluntarily release the ball (the ground caused the ball to be dropped). The ball was over the fence in fair territory and so it is a homerun. This is the same as a fielder 'tipping' a fair ball over the fence in fair territory. In specifric circumstances the umpire could judge that the fielder had control of the ball long enough to establish a catch. I have seen a fielder make the catch, take a step or two and fall over a short fence thus dropping the ball as she attempts to "catch herself" and protect her face. While the release was not voluntary, the catch clearly occurred before going out of play. In this situation the catch would be good, the batter would be out, the ball would be dead, and all runners would be advanced one base from the time of the pitch.

3/13/04 Question 1 - While umpiring a NJCAA game, the Defensive Team positioned a uniformed Team Member in the stands behind the backstop to chart their own team's pitches. 2 - Also, they had a uniformed Team Member in the Press Box (if you can call it that) running the scoreboard and music between innings. Both of these uniformed players were listed on the Teams Lineup Card. Answer All the team needs to do is have the team member remove her uniform and wear some other type of attire. The intent is to prevent the batter who hits in the next inning from sitting back there to gain information that will advantage her. Baseball used to be big on the guy "on the wall" (at bat, on deck, in the hole, on the wall) being back there so it changed every batter. Besides the obvious advantage, how annoying for us fans!! 5-6b note 2 indicates that "all players listed in the starting lineup must be in uniform, in the dugout area and available to play at the start of the game." But that is not true of substitutes. The main reason for this is to allow for a player who is at class or in the training room to be listed as a substitute and able to play and yet not have a game being held up for a starter to get on site. Realizing smaller schools are personnel challenged, we don't want to disadvantage them further so if a team needs to have players pitch in behind the backstop, they need to at least have them attired properly.

3/16/04 Question I hate to bother you but I have a question that a coach has brought up and I cant find a rule to prohibit it but logically it seems to be illegal. A legal bat has sometype of material under the tape on the handle, other than a safety grip. It seems to be a rope or something that is spiraled around the handle under the tape that aids in gripping the bat. Logic would say that if it helps with the grip it could be a good safety feature but other coaches say that it enhances the players ability to grip the bat. This gives them an unfair advantage. I could not find anything about this specifically. Answer I have always interpreted the rule that you can have a bat and the bat can have a grip (as per 3-2j) but that's it. You cannot tape a pad or the contoured fingers under the grip and now I'll have to add rope. Now with that said, you can have a continuous spiral (not solid layer) of tape that is "x"ed along the grip (ends up looking like diamonds on the bat handle) and then a second layer of continuous spiral, solid layer on top. That might create the illusion of rope but I suspect you can feel the difference because the tape would have "give" that the rope would not. So bottom line is that the bat should not be allowed if there is a substance under the allowable grip but if it is the tape itself (and not more than 2 layers), it would be okay.

3/22/04 Question I have a question regarding the term 'actively running the bases' specifically in relation to the rule (3-8) regarding removing helments. If the ball is in the circle and a runner in standing on a base, is she considered 'actively running the bases'? In other words, if the ball is in the circle and a runner is standing on a base, should she be called out if she removes her helmet to adjust her hair etc. ? Answer Once the ball is in the circle and no play is occurring, the batter, runner or on-deck player may remove her helmet (to adjust her hair, exchange helmets with another player, etc).

3/29/04 Question What do we do if we go to a game and neither team has legal game balls, they either have a .50 COR ball or they have a .47 COR ball that is 525 COMPRESSION? Answer With the entire softball community except the National Junior College Association playing with a maximum .47 cor ball, it seems to me the umpire who allows a higher compression ball has some significant legal exposure should someone be hurt with a thrown or batted ball...even if the coaches agree to play. The injured party could certainly attach an umpire crew to a complaint against the host (provider of the balls), the coaches and the institutions they represent. Personally, I would hate to see two teams ready to play and have to delay the start until appropriate balls could be located (or no game in the worst case) but I also hate to see players hurt and a high performing ball brings in that additional risk. And anytime umpires go outside the rules, that risk extends to them as well. So without providing legal advice (which is well outside my role), my response is that I believe it in everyone's best interest to stay within the playing rules and allow only legal equipment. 3/31/04 Question Got a call last night from an umpire who had just finished a game where between innings the first baseperson (also the backup pitcher) was keeping warm by pitching on the infield in front of the dugout. In reading the book this morning, (page 57, Rule 6-5e) states only one ball can be used among infielders and pitching must be from the circle to home plate. By reading this, it seems that this warm-up practice would not be legal. Would you confirm this? Next, could the first baseperson warm-up pitch in the outfield (inside the field of play) along the fence line between innings? The warm-up area at this particular field is in dead center field, so it is a long way from the dugout. Answer True, this activity is not legal. the rationale is that the umpires and coaches should not have to dodge balls thrown in a variety of directions in the infield area. however any number of players can be in the outfield with any number of balls so she can throw there and have a teammate take throws at first base for her infielders to warm up.

3/31/04 Question I would appreciate your interpretation of the runner interference rule on page 98. The rule seems to mandate calling interference if there is physical contact. However, the rule also states the fielder must be prevented from fielding the ball. I see this mostly with shortstop or second baseman moving in to field a ball, the runner goes behind the fielder and make make slight contact, the fielder does not seem to be affected takes a few more steps in and may field the ball and make a poor throw, or may misplay the ball but took several steps after the minor contact. Answer Referring to rule 9, section 13a4 on page 98, the physical contact by the base runner must have prevented the fielder from making a play (not just fielding the ball). If the fielder makes the play even though there is contact, there is no interference call. If the fielder is unaffected by the contact but later makes a poor play (as in your example), interference is not ruled. With that said though, the benefit of the doubt, if there is any, would go to the fielder so if the umpire judged the contact to be detrimental to the fielder who had a play but did not successfully complete it, interference should be enforced.

4/1/04 Question We have a request from a college regarding a player who was injured and would like to wear a hockey helmet with a face mask for protection of an injury while she is batting and running the bases. My initial response was that unless the helmet had the NOCSAE seal it would not be allowed. The school asked me if there was any way to "get a waiver" due to the circumstances of wanting to protect the player's injury. Is there any such provision for a waiver? Answer There is no provision for anyone to set aside the requirement to wear a NOCSAE approved because the legal liability would be astronomical. To substitute a piece of protective equipment which meets the needs of one sport to another could only occur if the manufacturer wanted to submit the equipment to NOCSAE to meet the standards of another sport...and that takes time and money. Soooo in the immediate future, their best bet is to use a NOCSAE approved batting helmet with an approved face guard while on offense and she can wear a face guard, paint ball mask or even the same batting helmet with face guard on defense if she chooses.

4/3/04 Question I have a question about warming up a team's second pitcher, who happens to be playing first base. In the fourth inning, the team brought a bench player in for team warm ups between innings at first base. She stood at first base and acted as a normal first base player, throwing to second, short and third until the catcher was ready to throw down to second on the fifth warm up pitch. Immediately at that acknowledgment, the bench player would sprint to the dugout and the starting first base player would go to the team huddle around the mound. I couldn't find anything in the rule book that specifically did not allow this, although if your interpretation of throwing and catching with one ball among the infielders currently in the game means to be exclusive. I was thinking the interpretations was always to keep just one ball between these players standing at these positions. But, the real other point that I informed the coach was illegal was to have the first baseman throwing warm up pitches in front of the dugout to a bench player catcher. I understood his intent was to have his catcher ready for substitution without merely throwing the standard five pitches. This particular university does not have bull pens close by. Pitchers are forced to go beyond the center field fence to the bull pens. I told the coach one ball was exclusively allowed on the infield. I ended up having this same team this weekend and without the ruling coming before the weekend, we allowed them to throw in the outfield from the first baseman to a bench player catcher even though she was just on the edge of the dirt toward the outfield in foul territory. I would appreciate an interpretation of this ruling and the intent of warm ups between innings, so I can pass this information on to Coach. Answer This activity is not legal. the rationale is that the umpires and coaches should not have to dodge balls thrown in a variety of directions in the infield area between innings. However any number of players can be in the outfield with any number of balls so she can throw there and have a teammate take throws at first base for her infielders to warm up.

Question When you say, "HAVE A TEAMMATE TAKE THROWS AT FIRST BASE FOR HER INFIELDERS TO WARMP UP." Per rule, 6.5e2, should that be limited to someone presently in the game throwing from first base? Or are they allowed to bring someone off the bench to throw from first base? Answer An infielder presently in the game may go to first...and they can rotate so 1 person can be there the whole warmup time or 1 person can take a few throws then someone else can take a few each warmup time.

4/6/04 Question Does physical contact have to be made by a runner on a defensive player fielding a ball before interference can be called? I believe that when the NCAA rule book first came out that was the rule but not now. Answer Physical contact does not have to be made. Perhaps you are thinking of the change from the 2000 book to the 2001 book in rule 9, section 13a4. The 1997 through 2000 books had "Any physical contact by the base runner with a fielder attempting to field a batted ball, whether intentional or unintentional, shall be interference, provided the fielder had a reasonable chance to make a play." In 2001 the word "Any" was removed. That's the only change and really doesn't change the concept.

4/8/04 Question Team A on defense and team B batting, Team A catcher requested timeout to go to the mound and talk with her pitcher, which was granted. Team B coach then came down from 3rd to talk with his batter when he saw that I had given Team A a timeout. Team A assistant coach came out of Team A's dugout, came to the edge of the 3rd baseline, and asked her 3rd baseman to come over to the line. She communicated with her, and then the 3rd basemen took the information and went to the mound to discuss it with her teammates. At that point I charged Team A with a conference. Team A's head coach came out to challenge the ruling, however it is my understanding that when a player comes over and takes information from the coach to the mound that this is a conference. Answer You are correct that because the coach delivered a message to a defensive player (and not from the dugout area) that this becomes a charged conference. Once the coach is notified that she is charged with a conference, she may go onto the field to take full advantage of her opportunity but either way, that's the conference for the inning.

4/16/04 Question Team A and Team B played a game that eventually both teams filed a protest. The Team A protest questioned the on field umpires upholding Team B's protest earlier in the game and returning to that point. Situation: Team B questioned ruling, umpires could not find rule supporting Team B position and continued the game. Some time later in the game, Team B coach brings out rulebook and points to rule supporting her position. Realizing their mistake, the umpires turn back the game and continued from time Team B protested. With the additional information, is it appropriate for umpires to act as protest committee and make the correction? Answer Right now, there is no accommodation for umpires to rewind the game however I do understand the rationale for doing so. Once the umpires realize a mistake is made and a protest has been filed, to continue the game knowing it will be irrelevant and the game recorded as no contest seems a disservice to the teams. It will be something we bring up at the summer meeting because it seems to me we should consider it.

4/16/04 Question During the last week, umpires have described plays being used by teams designed solely to deceive their opponent and gain advantage. I think most of umpires have heard of these 'trick' plays or have seen them on baseball, not softball. Offense Example: Runner on first base. Batter with 2 ball count. Next pitch is called a ball. Batter drops bats and proceeds to first base. Runner on first advances to second. Umpires returned batter to plate and leave runner at second base. Later in the game, coach told plate umpire 'that play works every time." This puts the defense in awkward position of attempting to retire the runner advancing to second base that may not be liable to be put out, if pitch is ball 4. Defense Example: Runner on third base. Following a pitch, the catcher bounces out to simulate a pick off, stumbles and falls with out releasing the ball. Third base, shortstop, and left fielder all act like they are chasing an overthrow. Runner attempts to advance and is tagged out by the catcher. Do you feel these plays are part of NCAA softball or consider them a form of interference/obstruction? Answer I have seen both these plays...matter of fact a coach in your area is an annual user...so we have talked about this before. There are lots of elements of the game designed to deceive the opponent and gain an advantage....throwing pitches other than straight is designed to deceive the opponent as is taking a batting stance and then changing to bunt at the last second and many other traditional parts of the game. So disallowing these on the basis that they deceive the opponent is not appropriate. Now are they unsporting? You might have more of an argument here but even then there are examples of situations that might be planned and others that might actually be mistakes and differentiating might be an issue. Clearly a practiced and executed play such as the second example is easily identifiable but a batter walking on ball three and a runner advancing ahead of her may or may not be intentional. So the short of it is that the onus is on the players (both offensive and defensive) and coaches to know what is going on in the game and react appropriately.

4/21/04 Question We have a game that was HALTED in the 3rd inning. The question is - they have players now available for the continuation of the game that was not available on the original date because of academic reasons. Can those players be added to the line up card as eligible subs without penalty? Answer Unfortunately those players not on the lineup card may not be added...hence it is always best to leave everyone on the card even if they appear to be unable to play for a particular game...

4/26/04 Question Halted game continuation. The team is using DP/Flex and has used up all available substitutes. The left fielder becomes incapacitated. The DP goes in to play left field. It becomes left fields turn to bat. Is it an out or a forfeit? If forfeit, do we need to get to her turn at bat before declaring or could it happen at pre-game? Answer On the lineup card, enter the DP to play left field. She continues to bat in the same position of the batting order so there is no substitution....the original left fielder is still in the batting order but is otherwise in the dugout. When the left fielder's position in the batting order comes up, she should enter the batter's box, assuming she is physically capable of doing so. She can stand in the box and take pitches without the intent to get on base, but if her spot in the order is unfilled, the team will have to forfeit as there is no provision for playing short handed. The forfeit does not actually occur until the position in the batting order comes up because there is always the possibility the game would be stopped for some other reason before that spot comes up...perhaps the mercy rule invoked, inclement weather, an action of the opponent that halts the game, etc.

2005

Dec. 04 Question Runners on first and second with two outs. Batter gets base hit to right field. R2 (runner from second) is obstructed going home as the throw is coming to the plate (she would clearly have scored). R2 is knocked down but manages to scramble safely back to third. Meanwhile the throw to the plate gets by the catcher. The catcher retrieves the ball and throws to third in time to R1 who is advancing to third for the third out. Do we go ahead and award R2 home, score the run but still have three outs? Answer R2 scores on the award for obstruction (the base she would have reached had there been no obstruction) and R1 is the third out at third base with the batter-runner being left on base.

Dec. 04 Question Besides batting gloves, what other things are accessories? Kneepads? Arm pads? Headbands? Answer Accessories are the things you mentioned plus foul weather gear, head gear(hats, visors, headbands), knee/shin pads,undershirts, undershorts,

Dec. 04 Question May batting gloves be taken off and put in a pocket? Can they be sticking out of a pocket? Answer Batting gloves are intended to be worn on the hands so when not worn properly, they should be stored somewhere...in the dugout, in a pocket...they should not be carried in the hands loose nor flopping out of a pocket. One of the issues we had at a regional last year was a swipe tag on a sliding runner that swiped a out of a pocket yet the fielder never tagged anything else on the runner. With the glove on the ground, it's hard to argue "no tag" and yet had the glove not been flapping, there would have been no contact. It is easier to just avoid that potential situation since we also had to do something about the dropped glove being held in the hand while running.

Dec. 04 Question Is a bat legal if it is on the Approved Bat List but does not have either the 2000 or 2004 mark? Answer NO...it must have a mark...we are no longer grandfathering in those bats made before 1999 which have no mark because the coaches tell us they no longer use those bats in competition (for those who still have 6 year old bats). We confirmed that again at the convention asking anyone who had a game bat without a seal to let us know and none of the 1100 attendees came forward.

Dec. 04 Question Can a glove that has been ruled as having tacky substance on it by the umpire, be "cleaned up" and still be used if the umpire okays it? Answer Yes, as long as it is no longer tacky.

Dec. 04 Question The play is: "Left-handed pitcher F1 is striding with her left foot and pushing off the rubber with her right foot. The opposing coach vehemently protests the unusual-looking delivery." The ruling given for ASA and Federation is that either foot may qualify as the pivot foot. The ruling for NCAA is illegal pitch and references 1-92 (2004 rules). Is it the intent of 1-92 to specify the exact foot that must be used as the pivot foot for the pitcher, or is the wording in the parenthesis meant as an example for clairification purposes only? In NCAA can a pitcher legally pitch using the non-typical foot as the pivot foot?

Answer It is indeed a difference as we do not want to promote "goofy footing". The NCAA rules are specific to the sound biomechanical practice of opposition and require the pitcher to stride in opposition to her throwing arm.

1/3/05 Question B1 is a slap hitter. She makes contact and the ball bounces high in the air and then rolls along the first base line in fair ground. As she runs toward 1B, her left foot is outside the runner‚s lane. The catcher fields the ball and throws toward 1B to retire B1. The throw hits her in the left shoulder and caroms into right field. The plate umpire declares a dead ball and rules B1 out. The ruling is correct. Rule 9-9-2 d refers to the foot must be "on the ground" to be declared out. So if the batter- runners left foot is in the air but outside the running lane, we can not declare her out? Answer Yes 9-9-d (page 96) requires contact with the ground in order for the player to be considered out of a restricted area. The same would hold true of a batter whose foot was vertically above and over a line in the batter's box or a body part extending over an out of play area yet not in contact with it.

1/3/05 Question R1 scores and R2 follows her but misses the plate on her . The umpire calls "no tag" and gives the safe sign. R1 helps R2 to get to her feet. R2 touches the plate before the tag. R2 is safe. I believe the ruling would have been different in 04 vs 05, correct? We referred to rule 12-7 e as a rules reference, correct? Answer And as to the second one, you have one of the rule references, the other is 9-10-d (page 97). This is the first year we have had in text the wording about "not yet crossed home plate" as a clarification but the intent is the same as in the past. The rules committee has not considered someone who scored as still being a base runner (see definition 1-9, page 15) and entitled to those protections. But to avoid confusion, we added that phrase. The concept is once a base runner has scored, she is no longer a baserunner.

1/20/05 Question If a bat has a recertification mark and is on the non-approved list, is it legal? Last year, the recertification mark took priority. Answer My understanding is that it is unlikely to happen but just in case, yes, if it does, the recertification mark takes priority.

1/20/05 Question What the ruling is if a batter gets hit with a pitch while out of the batter's box anywhere but out front. Answer Dead ball. No pitch.

1/20/05 Question NCAA school playing an NAIA school at NAIA site and host school has only .50 COR balls. Will the contest count? Answer The NCAA requires all competitions to be played under NCAA rules in all sports. If the NCAA rules are not used, the game is counted as a scrimmage and would not count in the win/loss record.

1/20/05 Question What is the penalty if an ejected coach (out in the outfield) talks to a player in the who then goes to the dugout and relays, or apparently relays, info to the coaching staff? Answer The game is forfeited.

1/20/05 Question Are sunglasses considered accessories under the new rule change? If so, should umpires allow them to be worn up on the head? Must they be worn on the eyes only except for the flip-down ones attached to the cap bill? Answer Sunglasses are equipment designed to be worn on the head and anything other than that is in violation.

1/31/05 Question Is there any requirement that the player's uniform number be visible on any outergear (jacket)? Answer The only place we address numbers is on the jersey so if a player covers the jersey (with foul- weather wear), the umpire would need to ask to see the jersey if the opposing coach is in doubt about her identity.

1/31/05 Question I believe I know what a foul tip is and I believe I know what a dropped third strike is but can one change the other? What I mean by that is with two strikes and no one on first base the pitcher pitches the ball, it drops off the table and skips off the dirt just as the batter is swinging but she still gets a piece of it fouling it directly back thus producing a foul tip into the catcher's glove. Question: Did the fact that she was able to foul tip it eliminate the dropped third strike? (Or is it any pitch that hits the dirt after leaving the pitcher's hand will be considered a dropped third strike?) Answer The batter may swing at, bunt or hit a ball even though it has bounced but then must take the results of the play as opposed to the results of the dropped third strike. So if she had swung at a ball on it's first bounce and hit it out of the park, she is credited with a home run...if she foul tips it back to the catcher, the result is a strike and, in this particular case, since it was her third strike, she is out. You cannot have a dropped third strike on a batted ball.

1/31/05 Series of questions about same situation Question I cannot find rule 3 2 d in the rule book concerning both batter and runner being declared out if both batter and previous batter who is on base use a illegal bat. My logic was this: 3-2d states if the batter is discovered while in the batter's box, she is out. The Effect goes on to say that if a pitch has been thrown to the next batter, the batter shall be declared out if on base... This does not make sense because how can a batter be on base!? Answer We need to change the wording to "batter who used the bat (now the base runner)"

Question The only logical explanation for this wording is to assume this "batter" must be the previous batter who is on base now. In my rulebook I added "previous" just before the second "batter" on the 1st line of page 43, so it makes sense to me. Answer That works too.

Question By doing that, I come up with the ruling that both the current batter and the previous batter, if on base, would be out and ejected. This seems harsh but I extrapolated that the NCAA is strongly discouraging players/teams from using illegal bats and the penalties will be severe if discovered. Answer I think our intent was only to punish the violator, not the subsequent batter whose only offense might be that she follows a batter who used a non-approved bat. So if at bat, the violator is out, if on base (regardless of if a pitch has been thrown) the violator is out and the only difference in timing of the pitch is the effect on the baserunners. So essentially we have an out charged to the player who used the illegal equipment.

Question B1gets on base. After a pitch to B2, who is using the same bat, the opposing team questions the bat. The umpire determines it is an illegal bat, and knows that the previous batter had also used it. Who is out and ejected? Both players, or only the current batter? Answer B1 is out and ejected by using the top paragraph on page 43. B2 is out and ejected by applying the last paragraph on page 42. The coach is ejected and the incident report comes to me. This would only be the case for the scenario you wrote of two players using the same bat.

1/31/05 Two Plays Question Play #1: R1 attempts to advance to 3b on a base hit to right field. 3b fielder obstructs the runner (blocks the bag while awaiting the ball) before the tag play. Runner is tagged out before reaching 3b. The umpire rules obstruction and awards theBase runner 3b. Ref: Rule 9 Sec. 18 b (1) Effect (1) (2) Page 107 No warning is mentioned in effect (1) (2) for a tag play involving obstruction. Subsequent violation by the same individual "may" result in a one base award...... Question #1: On a tag play is the defensive infielder not given a warning for obstruction? Effect (1) (2) Answer Everyone knows obstruction has been called because the player who was "apparently" put out is now awarded the base. so both the offense and defense will notice the call even if their focus during action was on the play and they did not see or hear the actual obstruction call. And as an aside, the subsequent violation may result in a one base award so the umpire has discretion to deal with repeat "offenders"

Question Play #2: Batter-runner rounds 1b on a base hit and is obstructed by the 1b upon returning to 1b. Ref. Rule 9 Sec. 18 b (3) Effect (3) (4) Page 108 This section contains language of issuing a "warning" The umpire "shall" issue a warning to the offending individual and notify her coach. Subsequent violation will result in a one base award. When a runner is obstructed rounding a base is the defensive player automatically given a warning? Effect (3) (4) Answer In these cases, the umpire shall issue a warning because the runner might not "apparently" be put out. So the warning is a safeguard to be sure the player and coach know of the infraction. It also sets the stage in case an additional infraction by the same player occurs so that when a base is awarded, they cannot claim they had no knowledge of the first offense. Some of our most serious injuries have resulted from players being blocked off the base on attempts. If only sections 1 and 2 were in the book, the base they would be awarded would be the one they were diving back into so the defense could freely block the base with little to lose. 3 and 4 allow the runner to be safe at the base they would have reached... but gives protection from being blocked off on every pitch because the subsequent penalty is a mandatory one base award.

2/2/05 Question Aren't sunglasses designed to be worn on the face. shielding the eyes? Wearing them 'on the head' could be on top of the head/hat. Answer Okay so the sunglasses are abit of a stretch but here's the problem. On a partly cloudy day, the furthest outfielder from the dugout has her glasses in place during the bright sunshine but then when the clouds roll in, she needs to run to the dugout to remove them so she can safely see in the outfield. Before the next pitch, the sun peaks out again so she calls time to get her glasses. She makes it back to her position and on the next pitch, needs another trip to the dugout. For safety reasons, there's nowhere on her body to safely store the sunglasses without possibility of breaking them when diving. So either we allow the game to be indefinitely delayed for strict application of the rule or we liberally allow them on the head where they can be safely worn yet accessible without game delay. We've opted for the liberal interp but I admit, it is not perfect.

1/??/05 Question Is there a definition of 'brawl'? Could a brawl be a verbal confrontation as opposed to physical? Answer Brawl is a fight or physical contact

2/2/05 Question ASA rule 7-6P Exception reads in part, "If no play is being made and the batter accidentally interferes with the catcher's return throw to the pitcher and a runner(s) advances safely, the umpire should call time and return the runner(s) to the base occupied at the time of the accidental interference." I cannot find a comparable provision or interpretation for NCAA softball although I believe I (hopefully correctly) recommended to readers in the December 2002 issue of Referee that NCAA umpires should follow the ASA dictum. Here is the exact play: Play 1: R1 is on first base with left-handed hitting B1 at bat. F1 delivers a pitch that's called a strike. With no apparent play obvious, B1 accidentally interferes with F2's return throw to the pitcher and after the deflection, R1 advances to second. Ruling 1: ASA 7-6P Exception says for the umpire to call the ball dead with no interference called and return R1 to first. Should that ruling be used for NCAA softball? Answer You are right, the ncaa book does not specifically address a return throw to the pitcher so we'll address it this summer but in the meantime, I agree with your ruling...dead ball, return the runner.

2/2/05 Question I also note that NCAA (9-8b Exception Note 2) covers a different situation which reads, "If the catcher on her throw to a base hits the batter or her bat while she is in the batter's box, the ball is live and there is no interference unless the contact is intentional and initiated by the batter." Obviously, the NCAA ruling covers the situation when a throw is being made to a base and the play is not just a routine return throw from the catcher to the pitcher when no apparent play is about to occur." I believe that all fast-pitch codes would rule that play as follows: Play 2: R2 is on second base when left-handed hitting B1 takes a strike. Attempting to pick R2 off second, F2's throw strikes the motionless bat of of B1 who is standing still in the batter's box and the ball deflects out of play into dead ball area. Ruling 2: The ball is alive when F2's throw strikes B1's bat but becomes dead when the ball deflects out of play. R2 scores on the play and B1 remains at bat with a strike one count. I assume that is officially correct for NCAA softball? Answer Yes, fortunately I think all the codes agree on this one.

2/2/05 Question Is it a 'No Pitch' if the batter, while out of the batter's box, gets hit by a pitch before the pitch has reached the plate? Answer Yes, it has to be since a batter could step in front of a pitch thrown right down the middle of the plate just to get a ball called on the pitcher. We need to penalize (or at least, not advantage) the violator.

2/2/05 Question Must kneepads be worn on the knee while at bat, running the bases, or on defense? Answer Most kneepads are now marketed as knee/shin pads, designed to protect appendages from bruises or to protect current injuries from intensifying. We have a player who wears one on her forearm because her arm is larger than a traditional forearm pad (although i don't think you can tell the difference between a forearm, shin or knee pad). It appears that volleyball, soccer, football and softball pads have all been combined into protective padding in catalogs so unless you are sure a particular pad was not intended for the use it is getting, I think we should err on the side of player welfare and allow them to protect themselves.

2/2/05 Question About conferences: Is it considered an attempt (and hence an ejection) if the coach begins to take a conference but the umpire informs her she has already taken one and she/he says "okay" and stops? Is it considered an attempt (and hence an ejection) if the coach asks the umpire if she may have a conference and the umpire says "no, you have already had one this inning" and she says "okay" and does not take a conference? Answer No, the attempts to hold is designed to stop the representative from running past the umpire and by the time the umpire catches up, they are within earshot of the players. Then the rep, speaking to the umpire, but loud enough for the players to hear, shares the strategy he/she wants to deliver. Because he/she never talked to the players, it's not a conference however the message was delivered so there needs to be some consequence. On the other hand, if the rep starts to approach his/her player and the umpire reminds him/her that a conference has been used, that's just good, preventative umpiring.

2/2/05 Question I am confused!! On page 42 of the 2005 NCAA Rule book it is stated that a batter entering the batter's box with an illegal bat shall be out and ejected.On page 126 effect c-d the batter shall only be declared out, no mention of ejection. Isn't ejection only for an altered bat? Also is the coach also ejected? Answer There's an error on page 42...the first "and ejected" should not be there. So the first sentence effect is out and nullify advance and the second sentence would have ejection for use of an altered bat. Sorry for the confusion

2/3/05 Question It is ok for the coach to talk to her defense while the new pitcher is warming up. 1. Coach takes one defensive conference in an inning. 2. If he/she wants to remove that pitcher later in the same inning, the coach will request a suspension of play, approach the umpire before going to the pitcher's circle and inform the umpire of the pitching change. 3. While the new pitcher is warming up, since there is a legitimate suspension in play, the coach would be allowed to talk to the defense. Rule 6-11a1 has an "Exception: On each pitching change when the pitcher has not yet pitched in the inning, one additional conference is permitted." I think this means that if, later in this same inning, the coach wants to visit the current pitcher, he/she can then use this additional conference to do so. Does the coach use up this additional conference by talking to her defense while the new pitcher is warming up? Or can she get another conference later that inning? Answer You are right on here. When play is suspended for the new pitcher to warmup, both the offensive and defensive coaches are free to talk to their players. When the last warm-up pitch is thrown, the umpire needs to break up the conferences or ask if the coach wants to use a charged conference and continue whatever conversation they are in. This is also true of suspension of play for an injury...they are free to talk while medical personnel are engaged but afterward, we need to play or charge a conferenceand allow additional time for coaching. If the coach immediately leaves the field when the umpire is ready to play, the team still has one available timeout in that inning (due to the pitching change). 2/2/05 Question Regarding rule 6-22, there is no longer a rule or Effect that states the pitcher must be removed by the umpire for the second charged defensive conference in an inning! Is that still a rule? I know that rule was in the book at one time, so I did a little research. In the 2000 book this was stated in two places: Rule 6-11a Pena! lty: "The second charged conference in one inning shall result in the removal of the pitcher from the pitching position for the remainder of the game." Rule 8-5b2: "The umpire must remove the pitcher from the pitching position if the defensive team is charged with two conferences with the same pitcher in the same inning." In the 2001 book this wording disappeared: Rule 6-11a Penalty was changed: "The umpire shall not permit more than one defensive conference per inning. The team representative(s) who defies an umpire by attempting to hold another charged conference shall be immediately ejected." That wording, with some slight changes, has been used since then. Was this wording put in by mistake to replace the previous ruling because it was confused with the ruling for an offensive conference? Answer Actually removing the pitcher was intentionally removed because the committee made across the board changes in 2000 to penalize the violator of rules and not others. I think in recreational play, removing the pitcher is the way to prevent these violations because she is likely the most important participant in the game. In college, penalizing the coach can have the most serious effect and since he/she is the likely violator, that's who usually gets removed. We felt the overriding emphasis on player participation warrented not removing her because of someone else's mistake.

2/3/05 Question About the pitcher’s feet and the 24 inches of the pitcher’s plate: Rule 12.2.a.1 (pg 110) says: Both feet must be inside the 24-inch length of the pitcher’s plate. Considering the new terminology concerning lines, should the word ‘inside’ be taken to mean ‘within’? Rule 12.4.a (pg 111) says: xtake one step/stride forward toward the batter and inside the 24-inch length of the pitcher’s plate. Again- considering the new terminology concerning the lines- should the word ‘inside’ be taken to mean ‘on’? The revised chart in Appendix A (pg 214) clearly says that before the stride the feet must be within the 24-inch length of the pitcher’s plate and that on the stride, the pitcher’s foot must be on the 24-inch length of the pitcher’s plate. The revised chart in Appendix A (pg 214) clearly says that before the stride the feet must be within the 24-inch length of the pitcher’s plate and that on the stride, the pitcher’s foot must be on the 24-inch length of the pitcher’s plate. Answer Yes, we'll make those changes in next year's edition

2/3/05 Question About the Look-Back Rule: Rule 12.18.a (pg 163) last sentence says: The pitcher is considered to be in the pitcher’s circle when both her feet are within the lines. Rule 12.18.c.3 says: Once the runner has determined a direction, she may not reverse direction unless the pitcher: has one foot completely outside the pitcher’s circle, on the ground, and is in possession of the ball. These 2 appear to contradict each other. The new revised chart in Appendix A (pg 214) states that for the Look-Back rule, the pitcher’s feet must be on the line. Should Rule 12.18.a. (pg 163) (last sentence) be changed to read: The pitcher is considered to be in the pitcher’s circle when both feet are ON OR within the lines. Answer Yes, that is the text from last year and was not marked to change but apparently did. It should read "on"

2/3/05 Question Is the EFFECT for Rule 10.7.b a change? 2005 Rules Book (pg 113) the effect of 10.7.b is an illegal pitch. 2004 Rules Book (pg 112) the effect is a ball on the batter. Answer Our intent was "a" to have an effect as no penalty, live ball and runners may advance w/ liability. The effect for "b" would be live ball, ball on batter, runners may advance w/ liability and "c" is illegal pitch (and all those ramifications), live ball, runners may advance w/ liability. Somehow I missed that a change was inadvertently made in blue line. Usually we check only for the changes we want made and assume the rest is okay. But now that the NCAA has outsourced all their publications, a variety of folks work on the text and we've found some things dropped off or relocated. We'll need to do a better job of comparing annual texts!

2/9/05 Question Yesterday, at my games between an NCAA school and an NAIA school, we pointed out to the NAIA coach that a bat did not have an ASA 2000 or 2004 mark. She said it was on the ASA approved bat list. We explained that the NCAA rules required the imprinted mark, but she maintained that the NAIA was still using the ASA approved bat list. Since the game was held at an NCAA D2 site, we used the NCAA book, and disqualified the bat. I have some NAIA games later this year, and I would like to get your direction as to how to procede with enforcement of the NCAA rule at these games. Answer The NCAA operating code requires that any game that involves an NCAA school MUST use NCAA playing rules to count as a contest. (The alternative is that if other rules were used, it would be a scrimmage and not an actual contest but that also might have liability implications if the equipment rules are not followed...see later in email) So...assuming at least one of these schools is an NCAA school and wants the game to count,, they must use NCAA rules and that includes compliance with the ASA bat performance standard which is tested in a laboratory. If the contest is between 2 non NCAA schools, I have no role in arbitration so that would go to their governing bodies (ie NJCAA, Cal JCs, NAIA, women's professional league, AFA...). As a personal comment, I would hope that these groups that use our rule book , use it as written but I do know that some do make modifications to the rules to better suit their players. Since that is out of the realm of my responsibilities, I don't always know about them but when they involve equipment, I try to get them on board. The ASA and NCAA have spent a lot of money looking at the science and safety of the sport and use that research to make the rules. For groups to alter those, I hope they have reasons that are both good for their game AND can stand up in court should someone get hurt. SO the short of it is yes, if the game involves an NCAA school, they must use the NCAA rules without alteration. If the game is between teams of one of the organizations listed earlier, you'll need direction from that group as to which, if any, rules they alter. If the game is between teams of 2 different organizations (ie NJCAA school vs NAIA), the playing rules to be followed should be spelled out in the game contract.

2/11/05 Question Pg 108– 9.18.b-5 states that no warning is issued if advancing or returning during a . So does ‘advance’ pertain to only home plate and/or also during a rundown? Answer #5 COVERS BETWEEN 1ST AND 2ND, 2ND AND 3RD OR 3RD AND HOME SO ADVANCING REFERS TO MOVING TOWARD A LEAD BASE AND RETURNING REFERS TO MOVING TOWARD THE PREVIOUS BASE HELD.

2/18/05 Question Need some clarification on Rule # 8, section 4. a. Batting out of order, sub-section # 2 The paragraph immediately after the Note covers pretty much all scenarios except where the improper batter either gets out or hits into a double play. I had always understood the rule to state we take the result of the incorrect batters turn at bat. If the incorrect batter does in fact get out, we have 1 out due to their turn at bat. If a proper appeal is made, we have a 2nd out for the batter who should have batted. Am I correct in this interpretation ? Better yet, how about this set of circumstances. Nobody out, runner on first base, incorrect batter comes to the plate and hits into a double play. Defensive team appeals properly for batting out of order. 2 outs on the double play, 1 out on the player who should have batted, inning over. Answer Actually rule 8, section 4a subsection 2 does cover all cases in NCAA play. If the error is reported before a pitch to the next batter, the results of the play are ignored and you enforce the results of the appeal. So in your "better yet" example, as the opposing coach I can either take the results of the play and not appeal batting out of order (ie 2 outs) or I can appeal and take the out for batting out of order penalty and the runner returns to first. Some other codes allow you to keep the outs on the field and add the outs from an appeal but NCAA play does not so coaches will need to consider when it is advantageous to appeal batting out of order.

2/13/05 Question Even though there is no play on most rounding obstructions and many returning obstructions, the rule does not seem to support eliminating the warning simply because the obstruction was enforced. For example: R2 on second, leads off with the pitch. She is obstructed returning to second and apparently put out. The umpire rules obstruction and awards her second base (the base she would have gotten had there been no obstruction). This play would still require a warning to the defensive player for the first offense (and notifying her coach) - right? Answer TRUE.

03/05 Question Coach A lists 10 players on starting lineup (dp and flex included), after the lineups are official the coach A informs the umpire that her dp will now play defense for the flex Fifth inning opposing coach brings to the attention of umpire that the starting flex player listed on lineup has not been at facility at any point during the contest, which coach A confirms saying the player's grandfather died and she was out of town. It appears odd to me that a coach would list a starting player on the lineup who had no intention of being on site. The only place I could find reference to this is in Rule 15.7(b) note 2. What is the penalty for listing a starting player on a lineup who is not on site? Answer Actually it is also listed in rule 5, section 6..also about the pregame meeting and in note 2. Maybe we should add or move it to starting player (page 87) to make it easier to find. Ironically, there is no penalty listed so we will need to address that as well. It makes sense this is an illegal player however the penalties of being out and ejected doesn't work so we will need something else. As to the umpire's responsibility, if the game is one where players are introduced, it's pretty easy to detect but obviously we don't do that in doubleheaders, some tournament games and even some DII and DIII games because of facility so that's not foolproof. We'll definitely firm this up...thanks for pointing this out

03/05 Question 1B has been warned. Runner rounds first and is obstructed by 1B. Umpire judges R could have made second. R goes on to third and is put out by mile. By the obstruction rule, she is out. But by 'round/return' rule, she should be awarded a base. Answer The out would stand. The runner is awarded one base beyond the rounding or returning obstruction, and if the runner gets more than that on their own, there would be no additional award. If the runner is legally put out beyond what would have been the one base award, she is out.

03/05 Question We had obstruction on the third baseperson on a runner returning to third base. Obstruction was signaled and called, but the formal warning was not given right away (as we should do with obstruction with rounding and returning). The umpire between the half inning after the incident did go to the coach and player and inform them of the warning for obstruction of this type. Our question is there a time that we cannot go back and warn after we have forgotten to warn (i.e. next pitch, end of half inning, or before next occurrence). One problem I see is that a coach will say "yes you did call obstruction, but you did not give us a warning". On the other hand, the opposing coach may say the next time obstruction happens with this player that her team should get the next base because of the last occurrence was for obstruction while rounding or returning. Can you please advise? Answer In the unfortunate circumstance that the warning is not given immediately, it should be given as soon as possible because subsequent obstruction calls will result in a base award and we want to proactively prevent that whenever possible. Ideally, the player and coach know and will adjust their positioning but the umpire's warning is the safety net before the base award applies and we'd like that whenever possible.

03/05 Question 1. First baseman having already been warned for a "rounding" obstruction, obstructs again. Umpire's decision that she would not have reached 2nd base, but because of the previous warning umpire awards the runner 2nd base. 2. 3rd baseman having already been warned for a "rounding" obstruction, obstructs a runner in a run down. Runner was obstructed trying to return to 3rd. Because of the previous warning umpire awards runner home. I base my decisions with regard to obstruction on the rule and the effect, page 108 of the 2005 NCAA softball rulebook. Are these correct? Answer Yes, using the rule on the top of page 108, your consequences are correct.

04/05 Question Pitcher F1 is having problems. Her coach uses a defensive conference to speak with F1. A few batters later (same inning) the coach announces to the umpire (before crossing the foul line) that S1 will replace F1 in the pitching position. S1 walks the first two batters she faces and her coach requests a defensive conference to speak with S1 (we are still in the same inning). Should the umpire permit this because of Rule 6-11.a.1 (exception) or has the team already used all the defensive conferences it is allowed that inning? Answer The umpire should allow the conference...the first one with the substitute pitcher in the inning

04/05 Question Runners at 1st and 2nd, 2 outs. Ball is hit deep in the outfield. There is a hard collision between the runner from 2nd and a fielder not about to receive the ball - both are on the ground, the runner from 1st passes them and scores. The ruling on the field was that the runner from 2nd was awarded the plate and the runner from 1st is out for passing the other runner. I believe that this is incorrect. I think that the runner from 1st should have been placed on 3rd or awarded home if she could have made it had the runner from 2nd not been knocked silly per rule9- 18b1Effect (page 107). Answer I've had two calls on similar situations lately so maybe we will include it as an approved ruling so we can get it in the book next year. Without actually seeing the play, my inclination is like yours that you should apply rule 9, section 18b effect 1 and 2....consider what would have happened had there not been obstruction and make the appropriate awards. In your example, you are awarding the obstructed runner home and the trailing runner did score so that's easy to defend that she would have scored without the obstruction as well. Doesn't sound like the batter runner was affected by the obstruction so she stays at the base she is occupying.

04/05 Question According to rule 9-18b1, under Fielder Obstruction, the effect for violation (if the runner is put out before she obtains the base she would have, had there been no obstruction) is award the base the runner would have reached if there had been no obstruction. It further says, "Subsequent violation by the same individual may result in a one base award to the obstructed player and each other runner forced to advance." There is no mention of any warning of any kind there. Answer Right, this is the effect for (1) and (2)

04/05 Question For violation of rule 9-18b3, when there is no throw at all, the effect is the umpire issuing a warning to the offending player and her coach that subsequent violations by the same player will result in a one base award to the obstructed runner and each other runner forced to advance. Answer This is for the effect for (3) and (4) so there might indeed be a throw in 3...maybe on a play on a batted ball, maybe a pickoff...

04/05 Question When do you award a base in the case of violation of rule 9-18b1? Answer Baserunner and shortstop collide in the baseline between second and third although the ball is being thrown from right field to home for a play. Catcher then fires to third for the apparent put out. Award the runner third or home, wherever you think she would have been. Next inning same play happens but you think the runner would have only reached third, as the umpire you may award home or you may leave her at third

04/05 Question How come violation of rule 9-18b1 does not require a warning at all if you are potentionally going to award a base for subsequent violations by the same player? Answer This is a discretionary award...if you think that justice is served with an additional base, you can award it however if you think it is not, you do not need to. Let's say the second time, the runner took an exceptionally wide turn and therefore initiated the contact and the shortstop tried to get out of her way but couldn't. Maybe you don't award the extra base.

04/05 Question How come for subsequent violations of rule 9-18b1 by the same player "may result" in a one base award and for subsequent violations of rule 9-18b3 by the same player "will result" in a one base award? Answer In the case of 3, we are talking only about rounding and returning to a base so these are typically the nuisance times that a fielder stands at the base and the runner and fielder make contact. Once she is warned, award the next base, no discretion.

04/05 Question Runner on first is stealing on the pitch, the batter fouls off the pitch but the runner doesn't realize it and stays at second. No one realizes she is still at second. What do you do, what do you penalize and who is responsible for noticing when: A. A pitch is thrown and then someone notices B. She scores on a hit and then someone notices C. She moves to third on an infield out (which could have been a doubleplay) Answer These are cases I've not heard so i need to ask for some consensus from the rules committee. However my initial thought is the runner is out at the time it is noticed as she is on a base that she is not entitled to occupy. I'll follow up though on these. The runner and umpire are responsible for knowing where the runner is to be.

04/05 Question After notifying a coach that his players could not run from foul into fair territory while timing a pitcher in between innings, he, the next inning, while the opposing team was replacing their pitcher, had his 2 runners on base leading off, timing the the new pitchers delivery!! Curious, I looked closely at the rule after the game!! On page 57 of our rule book, it states that offensive warmups are "limited" to only two specific actions!! Neither of which is leading off while in fair territory when a pitcher is being replaced!! Is it illegal to practice leadoffs from a base, timing a pitchers delivery, while in fair territory, when a pitcher is warming up after replacing a previous pitcher??? Answer Yes it is illegal. Apply rule 6, section 4d while on offense and 5e while on defense. The rules are limiting to specific locations on the field so if a coach wants to do more, they can have their players off the field. Part of the reason for the limitations is to make it easy and safe for players, coaches and umpires to move around the field without fearing for their safety. Specifically, running in fair territory between innings infringes on the space for the outfielders and could clearly be a problem with overthrown balls. The second example is probably not a safety risk but leads to 'bench jockeying" when a defensive player stands at the base and prevents the offensive player from timing her pitcher. It can lead to unnecessary gamesmanship so has been illegal since the 1999 rule book.

04/05 Question We had a situation this weekend that needs clarification. After seeing her pitcher complete her warm up, the pitching coach goes out and talks to the pitcher. This is between innings and the plate umpire is cleaning the plate before the batter steps into the batter's box. The opposing coaches wanted this to be considered a charged conference. We ruled that since there was "no stoppage in play" for the conference and since it was before the pitch of the first inning there was no conference. Were we correct or should they have been charged a conference? Answer See rule 1, section 27 for the definition of a conference and rule 6, section 11 for application. Since the coach did not suspend play, this is not a conference...many times coaches actually stand at the mound and talk to the pitcher or defense during the warmup pitches. In this case , the coach came out to the mound but still, no suspension of play.

06/05 Question Anyone know anything about this "Gorilla Gold Grip Enhancer" for pitchers. Has it been approved for use by any group? Answer Gorilla Gold is resin impregnated on a cloth that allows the pitcher/player to put the cloth in a pocket rather than keep a rosin bag on the field. It transfers no residue to the ball (I have seen the lab reports) and is a tackified cloth that can be cut to smaller sizes than the original and if you place it in an airtight bag, it will last quite some time. It is much cleaner to use than the powdered variety so not only pitchers but hitters have found it helps in particularly humid climates. I am bringing one to the NFHS meeting for their consideration but NCAA has allowed it all year.

2006

1-9-06 Question Rule 3-8d reference that a face mask may be worn and states it should meet the NOCSAE standard. I do not want to ASSUME so I am coming to the rules expert for your opinion, and I mean that in a positive way. Can a mask that is worn offensively meet the NOCSAE standard and not display the NOCSAE approval and if so how would we know it was approved? Or is the interpretation of this mean that the mask must display NOCSAE Approved on it like in ASA and NFHS? Answer There really is a rule difference here... The NCAA rule is that the face mask should meet the NOCSAE standard FOR THE MASK AND HELMET COMBINATION. I think the ASA and NFHS address the helmet and mask separately (but do not address the units combined) and require each to be NOCSAE approved. As much as we would like to say must and not should, it is not possible for us to expect the umpires to know which face mask is approved for use with which helmet. For example, Schutt's Pro-Guard 3000 facemask meets the standard when affixed to any Schutt helmet however Schutt's original Pro-Guard only meets the standard when affixed to the Schutt 2788, 2794, 2800 or 2898 models. And some facemasks meet the standard even when affixed to a competitor's helmet so just because a Rawlings mask is on a Mizuno helmet, it should not be eliminated from play...it might indeed be a suitable combination. So for the umpire, it's not realistic to expect them to know all the appropriate combinations HOWEVER for the coach (who also uses the rulebook..albeit sparingly for some) who provides the equipment, they need to know they "should" provide a suitable match either by purchasing the equipment already attached or by reading the instruction sheet on the unattached mask and attaching it to one of the helmet models listed as approved. Making that a "must" is, unfortunately, not enforceable and we try to keep unenforceable rules out of the book.

1-18-06 Question Ten second rule - if we do not grant time and the batter steps out anyway, does the old rule apply and we call the pitch as thrown, or do we kill the ball and award a strike as in the new rule. Answer If the batter steps out without having time and the pitcher throws the pitch, then the call would be a ball or strike as thrown.

1-18-06 Question If a coach is ejected, who is responsible for filling out the the Incident and Protest Form? Is it the ejecting umpire or the plate umpire. The book seems to suggest it is the plate umpire. I would think that it needs to be the ejecting umpire. Personally, I would like a report from both. Maybe not an incident report from both, but definitely a report. Answer In both cases, the plate umpire is responsible for completing and filing the form (rule 15, sections 11 and 14). If the report from the coach and plate umpire differ in important details, I usually call the opposing coach, on-site administrator and/or other members of the umpire crew for their recollection of the details so sometimes I do hear from the ejecting umpire.

1-24-06 Question The coaches asked me to contact you regarding the Worth/Wilson ball situation. For our program, they are asking to have the defensive team select the ball in play. Since both balls meet NCAA standard, I do not believe it will change the game. Should a protest be filed, what are your thoughts if coaches agree before the game? My fall back is by rule, the home team supplies the game balls. This early in the year, teams prefer pitchers to get used to throwing the ball they will use in conference play. Answer The rule to refer to is 3-1b...the balls must be the same spec and manufacturer so maybe the easiest thing to do is to tell each team they must pay the game fee and provide 3 balls of this specific manufacturer and model. Then everyone will bring the same to the fields. Or you can let them bring what they want and have a stock of balls and just trade them out so if field A has 3 Wilson and 3 Worth, you exchange 3 of your Worth for Wilson so they have all Wilson then on field B you exchange 3 Wilsons for Worth and they play with all Worth. You'd just need a few of each to keep trading around so each field has all one ball type but there would be difference field to field My sense is most folks use the first part of specifying a particular ball for a tournament but either would work..

1-27-06 Question Rule 3-8d reference that a face mask may be worn and states it should meet the NOCSAE standard. I do not want to ASSUME so I am coming to the rules expert for your opinion, and I mean that in a positive way. Can a mask that is worn offensively meet the NOCSAE standard and not display the NOCSAE approval and if so how would we know it was approved? Or is the interpretation of this mean that the mask must display NOCSAE Approved on it like in ASA and NFHS? Answer There really is a rule difference here... The NCAA rule is that the face mask should meet the NOCSAE standard FOR THE MASK AND HELMET COMBINATION. I think the ASA and NFHS address the helmet and mask separately (but do not address the units combined) and require each to be NOCSAE approved. As much as we would like to say must and not should, it is not possible for us to expect the umpires to know which face mask is approved for use with which helmet. For example, Schutt's Pro-Guard 3000 facemask meets the standard when affixed to any Schutt helmet however Schutt's original Pro-Guard only meets the standard when affixed to the Schutt 2788, 2794, 2800 or 2898 models. And some facemasks meet the standard even when affixed to a competitor's helmet so just because a Rawlings mask is on a Mizuno helmet, it should not be eliminated from play...it might indeed be a suitable combination. So for the umpire, it's not realistic to expect them to know all the appropriate combinations HOWEVER for the coach (who also uses the rulebook..albeit sparingly for some) who provides the equipment, they need to know they "should" provide a suitable match either by purchasing the equipment already attached or by reading the instruction sheet on the unattached mask and attaching it to one of the helmet models listed as approved. Making that a "must" is, unfortunately, not enforceable and we try to keep unenforceable rules out of the book. Hope that clears up the difference a little. I am sure it will be less of an issue for umpires since they no longer routinely inspect the helmets but I hope it continues to provide the needed guidance to those purchasing the equipment.

1-27-06 Question If a face mask/guard/protector is attached to an offensive helmet, does this mask/guard/protector have to have a NOCSAE approved stamp or sticker on it? Answer No, the requirement in the NCAA rule book relative to NOCSAE are that the helmet must have the permanent NOCSAE mark and exterior warning label (both legible) and if a face mask is attached it should meet the standard for the helmet and mask combination. Rationale-while the rules committee would like to require that the helmet and mask combination have NOCSAE certification, it is not practical that umpires know all the appropriate combinations and could enforce the rule. Masks that are attached to helmets by the manufacturer obviously meet the combined standard however masks sold separately are marketed with a list of appropriate helmets. If they are attached to other helmets, they would not necessarily meet the standard.

2-20-06 Question The question has come up about the beginning of an inning. Does the time between pitches apply to the beginning of each half inning? The pitcher has the ball (after warm ups) and now the team all huddles, the batter is near the batters box and the umpire is ready are we applying this rule or just enforcing it between pitches was the inning has started? Answer It was really meant for between pitches within an inning or by the same pitcher but it is not in conflict if you start the inning by saying "play " or "play ball" and then the ten seconds begins. And it would be a useful tool if one team is ready to go and the other is dawdling around!

2-21-06 10 Second Rule Questions about the Ten Second Rule First situation: At the start of the game, the home team has finished their warm-up and are huddling at the mound, the pitcher has the ball and the batter is at the box ready to hit. Should the umpire call "Play Ball" and start the 10 second count or should he wait until the huddle breaks. DEE: Manage the flow of the game by allowing the huddle to break up but if this is taking an excessive amount of time, you can walk toward the mound and encourage the players to assume their positions. If your reminders continue without a change in their behavior, it MIGHT be necessary to say "play ball" and begin the count but I suspect that will be the exception. Most players will adapt their timing and finish their huddle and be ready to disperse and play in reasonable time. Second situation: The batter is in the box and pitcher on the mound before the 10 second count and the five second has begun, after 3-4 seconds the pitcher backs off the mound. It does not appear that she is having trouble with the sign. She has not shook off any signs. Should we call time? Should we award a ball? DEE: Before the count begins, there is plenty of time for giving the players latitude but if the ten seconds expires and the pitcher just walks off the back of the mound for no apparent reason, this is the behavior we are trying to change by awarding a ball to the batter. IF she has a legitimate issue (loses her grip on the ball, has trouble with the signs, doesn't like the pitch called), that's an appropriate time for you to call time and allow everyone to reset themselves without penalizing her by awarding a ball. Third situation : The batter and pitcher are in position and the 5 second count has begun, (a) the batter steps out of the box causing the pitcher to step off the mound before the 5 seconds are up; DEE: strike but the key here is the batter caused it...not both happening simultaneously (b) the batter steps out before the 5 seconds are up and the pitcher stays on the mound; DEE: strike (c) the pitcher steps off causing the batter to step out; DEE: ball but the key here is the pitcher caused it...not both happening simultaneously (d) the batter and pitcher are in position and the pitcher does not start her pitching motion after 5 seconds. DEE: ball In all these cases, you do have the ability to call time and not award balls and strikes if you believe there's a legitimate issue as in the second situation. These are situations that happened this weekend and there is a difference of opinion as to the correct procedure to implement. I believe the pitcher should give some indication she is having problems with the sign, such as shaking her head. If she steps off the mound before the 5 seconds are up causing the batter to step out I believe the penalty should go to the pitcher. If the batter steps out of the box causing the pitcher to step off the penalty should go to the batter. AM I WRONG Answer You are correct but know that this behavior change will take some time. To get where we want to go, it will take reminding but also consistent enforcement. The "nice guy" umpire who lets it slide will only make it harder for the coach and player to understand when it is appropriately called. So while there is a adaptation curve, we would like them to know our expectation is that they will adapt to the timing as written.

2-21-06 Question First: The coach informed the home plate umpire that he was going to protest the spelling of one of the girl's last names on the line-up if they were forced to go into a tiebreaker. Second: in game 2 he did protest the spelling of a girl's first name. In the first instance the player's name was written incorrectly on the line-up, but was correctly printed on the bottom of the line-up. The question the umpires had was since it was brought to our attention by the coach before he invoked the rule should we inform the opposing coach that this was brought to our attention and would she like to correct it (preventive umpiring)? Second, since the name on the bottom of the line-up was correct and there was only one person with this last name (first name misspelled) is it still an inaccurate line-up? Answer First, the possible misspelling of a player’s namexthis is a judgment call and will depend on the confusion the misspelling brings. If there are two players on the team named Smith and Smythe and the name on the card is written Smyth, there’s a better case for a penalty than if Tschida is misspelled Tchida. Similarly, if someone’s first name is misspelled but the last name is correct and unique to just one player, there is little chance of confusion (for example, Stephanie is misspelled as Stefany but her last name is Smith and there are no other Smiths on the team). The benefit of the doubt should go to not penalizing the team if no confusion results or if the writing is difficult to read but the printing at the bottom for the card is clear. Second, when the umpires accept the line-up cards, they review them and can ask for corrections if they notice a misspelling or something more serious (like a DP but no FLEX listed or two players listed with their position as the pitcher). The opportunity to correct any of those mistakes in the pre-game meeting just eliminates confusion later and is good preventative umpiring. Many coaches have adopted the lineup card with their roster printed because they lack attention to details (like spelling) when they are in a hurry or they have student managers who they cannot trust to spell everything correctly or they know their writing is difficult to read. By having the printed roster, the media and announcers are able to get the accurate information they need and the coaches can scribble so it seems to be a great improvement to the old scrap of paper lineup.

2-21-06 Question Team A did not put first names on their lineup card and it was submitted to the umpires at the pre-game meeting that way. Later in the game a player from Team A hit a 2-run home run. The Team B coach brought out the lineup card and appealed to the umpire that Team A submitted an inaccurate lineup card. The question is: Should the umpires have given the lineup back to the coach for correction at the Coaches Pregame at home plate? Answer If the umpire noticed that first names were omitted from the line-up card (and I would hope they would notice this when they review the card in the pregame meeting), he/she should return the card to the coach and ask for its completion. This would apply to any missing information on the card (like a DP but no FLEX, no substitutes listed on the card, etc). In general, we have encouraged preventative umpiring in cases in which an umpire can prevent a mistake - even after the game has started. For example, if an offensive coach uses a conference in an inning and later in that same inning, a batter or baserunner asks the umpire for time to confer with the coach, we hope the umpire will not grant time and remind the player there is not a conference available. Another example would be if a coach comes to the umpire to make a substitution and says #2- Jones for #3-Smith, we want the umpire to question whether the coach wants #1-Jones or #2-Doe to replace Smith because either the number or name is wrong on the line-up card. I know there is a small faction of coaches who disagree and think the umpire should allow mistakes to happen and leave it to the opposing coach to appeal but so far, they are still in the minority and we continue to support the idea of preventative umpiring.

2-26-06 Question If all team's/players' full names (first and last) as well as numbers are pre- printed on the lineup card, is it an inaccurate lineup if only the first names and numbers are listed in the current written batting order? Answer See rule 5, section 5 (lineup) and rule 1, section 63 note 2 (definition of inaccurate line-up card). The first specifies what must be on the card with an AR that allows for the omission of the first name on the written lineup as long as first and last names are printed on the card. The second says "omitting the last name makes the player ineligible, not the card inaccurate." The coach is responsible for knowing the requirement to list the uniform and position numbers and names so if there are errors on the card, apply the penalties as written in the book. However, the NCAA softball rules committee encourages umpires to use preventative umpiring techniques by not accepting an incomplete lineup card at the pregame meeting. This would be an appropriate time to hand the card back to the coach and ask that he/she complete the card.

2-26-06 Question Is it an inaccurate lineup card if a player, Jane Doe wearing number 7, is listed as Jane Doe, number 7 in the written batting order but is listed as Jane Doe, number 18 in the pre- printed roster on the bottom of the card? Answer Again, there is an opportunity to use preventative umpiring by asking the coaches to review their line-up cards before they become official. Hopefully they would catch their own error and confusion can be avoided. However if it does go undetected, the written lineup would take precedence and in this situation, a correction to the card would be made but no other action. HOWEVER if it were reversed (Jane Doe is wearing number 7, is listed on the written lineup as number 18 but on the printed lineup as 7), that becomes an inaccurate lineup.

2-26-06 Question And can the incorrect number at the bottom of the card be changed by merely crossing out the incorrect number and putting in the present number beside her name in the pre-printed portion? Before or after the lineup is made official? Answer Yes, many time teams with multiple uniforms have someone with two numbers depending on the uniform jersey so coaches can cross out the incorrect number and replace it with the correct one. This should be done prior to the start of the game but sometimes is caught during the contest. The number should be corrected to match the written lineup.

3-7-06 Question Offensive team coach had 4 players outside of the dugout in dead ball territory in the spectator area swinging bats with the timing of the ball being released by the pitcher and 1 player hitting a ball attached to rubberized cords during each x inning they were at bat. Umpires ruled players had to be in dugout and applied Rule 6 Section 4c, d and e. Is this a correct ruling? Answer I am not sure what you mean by dead ball territory in the spectator area but between innings, you would be correct to apply 6-4d for activity on the field of play. If there is an area outside the field of play ( or batting tunnels are the most common) and they are swinging/throwing/pitching in those areas between innings, 6-4d does not apply because it is off the field and in fact, 6-4c allows for use of the bullpen and dead ball areas while the ball is in play.

3-7-06 Question Being in the Northwest with our rain and cool weather, the home team had heaters in their dugout but the visiting team did not. The questions were: 1. does this create and unfair advantage; 2. does the home team have to provide heaters to the visiting teams. Answer There is nothing in the playing rule book that requires a home team to provide the same heaters, blankets or warm clothing to their visitors. In 5-3 there are some accommodations for visiting team pregame batting practice equipment and space but other than that coaches are left to their own sense of fair play or possible conference requirements (for example, most conferences have arrangements for a water cooler in not only the home team but also the visiting team dugout).

3-7-06 Question Bats are sitting in front of a heater being warmed. The bats also were hot to touch and burnt umpires fingers. Are all these bats considered altered at the time discovered and be removed from the game? Is a warning issued to the coach for knowingly having his players altering the bats or do nothing? Answer If you are working a game with heaters in the dugout, it would be a sound preventative umpiring technique to be sure the bats are not in front of the heater when you check them pregame AND to remind the coach (then or in the pregame meeting) that equipment is not to be altered by heating. This would apply to balls and bats under rule 3, sections 1c and 2e respectively. Heated bats will come back to normal temperature fairly quickly so if discovered in the pregame inspection, they could be suitable for play by game time but if discovered during play (as you mention, umpire picks up the bat and burns his/her fingers), the bat should be removed from the game just as any other altered bat would be.

3-8-06 Question page 109; the a.r. at bottom on obstruction. It seems to contradict itself in the ruling. Can you clear up? Answer we are missing a phrase that might clear it up....it should read "A runner who misses a base or leaves a base before a fly ball is first touched and is obstructed while advancing would not be protected when returning to the base missed or left too soon; however, she would be protected if obstructed while trying to return to the base."

3-8-06 Question The bat passes through the stike zone and the batter grabs bat with right hand and then pokes it across home plate. The time of the bat passing across the plate was at the TOP but the ball was not at the plate. ruling? if she does this and makes contact do we have interference? Answer I am not sure I understand what you are describing but if the batter swings through the strikezone, that's a strike and she cannot then swing or poke at the same pitch and make contact. If she does make contact on what would be her second attempt, then apply rule 11, section 21k and call the batter out and return the runners. If she does not make contact, you have a strike by virtue of the initial swing.

3-8-06 Question Bases loaded 1 out. Ball goes up behind 1st; 2nd baseman comes over for play; INFFR is called.Ball drops everbody advances but when I look up after telling coach that batter is out; it seems R1 tagged plate; took a few steps and then retreated down the base line.(PU tells me that). I looked I saw 2 runners between 3rd and home. Defense; if I remember correctly; doesn"t do anything. Is automatic interference called? or do nothing without the defense doing something? This was 16U girls tourney. Answer All of the codes are slightly different so you'd need to consult someone in ASA, USSSA, NSA, or Dixie ball which ever organization's rules were in use. If it were an NCAA game, immediately when you call interference, the ball is dead and the offending runner is out. If the interference prevents the fielder from catching a routine fly ball, the batter is ALSO out (rule 9, section 13a4).

3-10-06 Question & Answer A was playing B. In the Fourth inning the A coach calls time and announces a substitute of 6 for 24. I repeated 6 for 24 and recorded it on my lineup card. I announced 6 for 24 to the B coach. When you record the substitution reported to you that renders 24 out of the game (and if a starter, still has her re-entry) and enters 6 from the bench (her allowable entry into the game). After the next pitch the B coach called time and came out and said to me, "You announced 6 for 24 to us, but that is number 12 on the base." I looked at the runner and indeed it was number 12. Now you have an unreported substitution (number 12 for number 6) so 6 is out of the game permanently and you apply rule 8, section 3c4 which is no pitch, the unreported player is out and declared officially in the game. I walked over to the A coach and told him about the mistake he had made. I told him that he could either keep 12 in the game or re-enter 24, but that either way it was an out. He opted to re-enter 24. Which is fine but that puts 12 out of the game permanently, 24 has used her one re-entry, and there is no baserunner now due to the out. At the end of the inning I told the B coach that because 12 had incorrectly entered the game that she was no longer viable as a substitute, but that 6 was. Bummer...here's where you went wrong cause 6 was in and then out immediately when 12 entered for her so she indeed was not available based on rule 8, section 5a3.

3-20-06 Question We are having a lot of discussion with the tarp stored on the field. 1-25 (page 39) states that the fielder may not have either foot on the tarp. This allows the fielder to lean against the tarp and make a catch as long as neither foot is on the tarp. Please clarify if these are catches: The fielder has one foot on the ground and the other foot completely off the ground with her knee on the tarp. The fielder has both feet off the ground but neither is on the tarp. She makes the catch while her body is being completely supported by the tarp. Answer In both the cases you describe, you have a catch because neither foot is on the tarp. Stepping on a tarp has always been discouraged because metal spikes can rip through tarp material and render a $5,000 tarp useless.

3-23-06 Question Pitcher's Glove. A pitcher has a white fielder's glove with blue webbing and red stitching. However, the book says the pitcher can only wear a glove with the colors black, brown, tan, or grey -- the stitching doesn't matter. Given the definition in the book, it seems clear to me that her glove is not legal for a pitcher. First, is it illegal? And if it is illegal, do the umpires make her change gloves when she's pitching or do we wait for someone to appeal illegal equipment? You could make a weak argument that the "white" is really "grey" (off-white). But there's no denying the webbing is blue (navy). It apparently is not distracting since no opponent has said anything. Answer The pitcher's glove is illegal in that it does not conform to the limited choice of color. The effect of 3-7 does include if the pitcher makes a play, it can be nullified so it definitely can have an effect on the game. Even though the coaches are responsible for legally equipping their team and should know the rules (after all, this is not new..changed in 2003 from the original rule of one color or two tints of the same color so this glove you described has never been legal in NCAA play), it would be best if you or I contacted them to alert them.

3-23-06 Question Batting Gloves hanging out of pockets. I've noticed that there is a lot more leaway given in enforcing this rule. It's most notable with defensive players. "Since, defensively, the intent of the rule is a moot point, what difference does it make if the gloves hang out?" How should this rule be interpreted since, indeed, defensively it makes no sense? I just want to get the official interpretation since we have had players question the umpires enforcing it on defense. Answer As to the batting gloves, if you are seeing it as a trend, maybe reminding coaches in the pregame conference to have them tucked into those pockets would help. We included batting gloves in the intro of rule 3 because we had several situations where a ball deflected off a batting glove...whether a gloved dropped by a runner who was holding it in her hand and dropped it or a glove falling out of a pocket of an infielder. The penalty is just to enforce the appropriate blocked ball effect but rather than deal with that, the committee put it in the intro and tried to avoid an umpire having to rule on it (or a tag on a floppy glove on a head first slide). It seemed like the best thing to do because for some reason, we had it happen numerous times in the same year (much like the season we had numerous batted balls hit the rosin bag of their own pitcher who had left it on the field). Funny how things happen in bunches but I guess that's how we are motivated to make changes. Anyway, if you remind them to tuck them in whether on offense or defense, maybe it would help avoid having to make those base awards!

4-7-06 Question We had some rainfall during a game and one of the teams wanted their pitcher to use a "gripping" product called "mighty grip." The pitcher already had a towel (tucked behind her) and a rosin bag in her back pocket. The product "mighty grip" didn't ring a bell to the umpiring crew as to being a legal product for use during a softball game. The umpiring crew knew that the power rosin and a "gold (something)..." products were legal and that "rock" rosin was not legal. However, none of the crew had ever heard of "mighty grip." So, I guess my question is: Is "mighty grip" a legal product for pitchers (or any other players) to use? This product was in a little plastic bottle. The crew's consensus was "no." They didn't think it to be legal. Therefore, didn't allow the "mighty grip" to be used. Answer Actually Mighty Grip is one of the products that is often used but it isn't possible for us to go to print with the book in July and know all the products that will be used on the field the next spring so we do not include any brand names. So if there's a product you are not familiar with, ask the pitcher to apply it as she wants to use it in a game, then have her grip the ball and hand it to you. If there is transfer of product onto the ball, then you have a foreign substance that is not appropriate. If not, then the product would be okay.

4-7-06 Question The pitcher was taking her sign from the catcher, and just dropped the ball before putting her hands together. The plate umpire awarded a ball to the batter. My question here is: Shouldn't this have been just a "live" ball with no penalty? The pitcher just dropped the ball before putting hands together or starting any pitching motion. Answer Yes, apply rule 10, section a...no penalty but runners may advance with liability to be put out since the pitcher no longer has possession of the ball in the circle.

4-10-06 Question A batted ball bounced over the fence. The first base umpire had gone out and correctly signaled for dead ball when the ball left the field. The batter-runner was incorrectly awarded third base. The offensive team substituted for the runner at third. Then the base award error was corrected and the batter-runner was put back at second base on the . Now the offensive coach did not want the substitution. Because the batter runner was initially put on the incorrect base, then later corrected I did not feel that a player's entry into the game should be put in jeopardy and did not keep the sub recorded. At this point the visiting coach protested the game. I am familiar with the substitution rule and realize I did not apply it correctly. At the time I felt it was common sense to not put a player in jeopardy as a result of a correctable error on the part of the umpires. Answer I do believe you did the right thing. The substitution was based on the coach thinking the substitute was going to be on third, not second. AND that belief was based on information from the umpire (awarding her third on a ground rule double) so that is correctable. We had a similar circumstance with a batter who was awarded first on a base on balls. The offensive coach made an immediate substitution for the now runner at first with the plate umpire. At the same time, the defensive coach came out of the dugout and talked to the first base umpire, asking for a on the last pitch. The base umpire discussed with the coach the proper appeal process would be to the plate so coach waited until the plate umpire was free and asked for an appeal. The plate umpire asked for the appeal and the first base umpire called it a swing. Now the count is 3-1. In this case, the umpires allowed the coach to rescind her substitution of the "pinch runner" and allow the original batter to return to the batter's box to complete her turn at bat.

4-14-06 Question 1. Is using the player’s name during heckling by a fan(s) illegal? Ex.- “Come on Katie- throw another meat ball”! What about – “great job catcher/Joni, you’re the most porous backstop I’ve ever seen”x What about screaming the player’s name at the top of one’s lungs? Ex- a 10 second “Kelleeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee”, whether she’s batting or playing defense? What about a Coach? Ex.- “get in the coach’s box Dave”! The Rules book has the pre- game verbiage that is read- no where does it state that names cannot be used. The comments cannot be sexist, racist, etcx 2. What about a fan using a 12” plastic megaphone or a rolled up game program with any of the above examples? They aren’t noise makers (artificial); they’re noise ‘enhancers’ according to an “administrator”. At what point does this become an umpire issue vs an administration issue?? We can’t have rabbit ears on the field, but at the same time, we can’t police every heckle in the stands eitherx We want more fans at games, we want more exposure, we want more TV coverage, but when does heckling truly become obnoxious instead of “fun”, and whose job is it to determine this? The days of “old money” donors who sit on their hands in the stands are over. Is it time to start defining what is acceptable and what isn’t? Sportsmanship is a major concern and in the Points of Emphasis this year and I’m having coaches calling and asking mex Answer I think we are just a small part of the epidemic of poor sporting behavior by fans. Professional sports, other collegiate sports and even recreational games are seeing more and more bad behavior in the stands. But most of what you wrote is not a rule book issue but a local campus issue. What each administration is willing to tolerate (some church related schools might have a higher expectation or standard for their fans) varies considerably. And of course, we're all trying to attract more fans to our venues and add to the competitive experience so ejecting fans or curtailing their perceived "fun" will impact their potential return. So my suggestion is if the fans are a problem for the umpire or opposing team, involve the on-site administrator and allow them to judge their compliance with rule 4, section 9b (Ensure the existence of proper sporting conditions and behavior of spectators throughout competition.) If the administrator's judgement is that the behavior is appropriate but the opposing coach or umpires disagree, you have two options...if it is a conference game, concern can be expressed to the appropriate conference personnel; if it is non-conference, the team can choose to drop the school from future schedules. Those are all post event solutions but in real time, it is the on-site administrator whose judgement determines if the behavior is acceptable. As to the next issue, thundersticks, plastic megaphones and "clappers" are definitely in vogue...for all the reasons you mention...and again add to the atmosphere of the games (sometimes positive, sometimes negative). Hopefully though the on-site administrator will use their judgement in determining where to draw the line as to what is acceptable on their campus. It is challenging to allow the language and actions of the student spectators and the more conservative desires of our senior citizens or family groups who are getting involved in our sporting events....even whether the students in the front rows can stand the whole event and block the view of the patrons with seats behind them.

4-19-06 Question If a bat that is not listed on the non-approved bat list (and is legal in every other way - no chips, dents, or burrs) has its ASA certification worn off so that it cannot be read, does that make the bat illegal? Answer The ASA certification mark must be visible for the bat to be legal.

4-27-06 Question Has there been any discussion on removing the "intentionally" on the prohibiting seeing the release of the pitch. The 1B players are getting pretty good at being in the way without ever looking over their shoulder, hence being non-intentional, but this is still prohibiting the runner from seeing the release. Give me your insight please. Answer Either the runner should ask the defensive player to move or the umpire can (if she notices the runner having difficulty positioning herself on the base and able to see). As soon as she is alerted, she should comply nad if it continues, then you have grounds for assuming this is intentional. The reason we chose to leave "intentional" in is that the runner can "draw the violation" by positioning herself behind the fielder and then innocently claim not to see.

4-27-06 Question If the 1st offense/warning on a defensive player is issued for "intentionally prohibiting seeing the release of the pitch" and then the same individual commits the "Rounding/Returning" obstruction . . .is the penalty of a next base award given? or are each of these occurences treated separately? Answer They are treated separately so she would get a warning for her positioning and then one for rounding/returning.

4-27-06 Question A team started with 10 players, DP for the Flex (pitcher #24). In the 2nd, the pitcher got in trouble and the team dropped to 9 with the DP now becoming the pitcher and hitter. They tied the score in the 5th and brought in a sub (new pitcher #21) into the 10th position, and the original DP assumed the DP role again. A substitute was also made for the catcher. The plate umpire made a mistake and reported 24 back in the game instead of 21 coming in. The opposing coach an inning later, wanted 24 DQ’d; or ejected or something; anyhow, the home plate umpire stood his ground and said the opposing coach had reported correctly and he in fact had made the mistake. She protested the game on an illegal re-entry. In review the game report and rules, I do not feel it was an illegal re-entry as no one re-entered. The HP umpire states he made the mistake; the home book had the correct info, it appears it was announced correctly although no one is positive on this one. I do not feel the coach has a valid protest. Answer As long as #21 was a legal substitute and the mistake was by the umpire, you are right that it is correctable. Since the opposing coach protested on the grounds of an illegal reentry and no one reentered, it would be denied even if he/she went through the process.

4-27-06 Question Last half of the 7th ending score tied and a runner of 1st with one out. A sharp ground ball to third, the third baseman makes a good play and gets the force at second. The ball is thrown back to the pitcher and the batter who made it to first is on first base with the ball in the circle. The pitcher decides to run to the third baseman to give her a high five for a good play, the runner on first takes off and runs to second base and makes it safely. The defensive coach maintained that the runner could not leave first base after going to the base with the ball in the circle. He protested the game at that point. Highlight, on the next pitch the batter hit a bashit and the runner from second scored. GAME OVER. Could you send me a ruling so that I can send this to the coaches and the commisioner. Answer If the pitcher carries the ball out of the circle, the lookback rule is not in effect and runners are free to advance (with liability to be put out, of course). I bet the defensive team will not make that mistake again!

5-11-06 Question Runner on 3rd base. Batter receives a base on balls. Ball immediately goes back to the pitcher in the circle. Batter runner crosses 1st base and continues down the right field line, makes an arc deep into right field and continues her arc towards 2nd base (envision the McDonald's arch). A bit confused, the pitcher cocks her arm in a obvious attempt at a play on the batter-runner at which time, the funner on 3rd base releases off the base. Now the pitcher brings her arm back down to her side so that she is no longer making a play. Question: Is the look back rule back in effect now and does the runner on 3rd now have to immediately make a decision to return to 3rd or advance to home? Does the batter runner have to continue to 2nd if she is still headed in that direction after the pitcher is no longer making a play and she has taken several steps in that direction or is she allowed one stop even though the pitcher is no longer making a play on her. Answer Once the pitcher makes a play, both runners are released from the restrictions of the look back rule so both can leave their base and advance or leave their base, stop to locate the ball and choose their direction. It is not a time related play (ie the runner is free only during the time the pitcher is making a play); it is an all or nothing (ie the pitcher makes a play, the runners are released...pitcher makes no play, the runners are restricted). The fact that the pitcher started to make a play and changed her mind (and stopped) does not shorten the amount of time the runners have to advance or return.

2007

10-06-06 Question Can you give me some additional information on this rules change. Live Ball Base Award. (Rule 6-1b, page 60)-An exception and an approved ruling will be added to allow for a run to score on a live ball base award after the third out of an inning. Answer Here's the existing rule 6.1b: b. One run shall be scored each time a runner legally touches first, second and third bases and home plate before the third out of an inning. Here are the new exceptions: 1) The runner placed on second base to begin the tie breaker is exempt from touching first base; 2) With two outs, score any run in which the runner is awarded home during a live ball but a trailing runner is tagged out prior to touching home plate. AR 6-1b Bases loaded, two outs, batter earns a base on balls. Runner from third dawdles on her way home while the runner from second aggressively advances to third, rounds the base and is tagged out. The out at third happens before the runner from third touches home. EFFECT- Score the run on the live ball award. Here's the rationale for #2 and the AR: The runner from third was awarded home because of the base on balls and the fact that she was forced to advance. Our thinking is the offense earned the run and it was an injustice to negate it because of the tag out. In addition, we thought that the offense was sufficiently penalized (for stupidity) by having the inning end rather than have the bases loaded.

10-10-06 Question The question came up about wood bats and whether or not they will need the ASA 2004 certification stamp in 2009. How would you respond to that question? Answer All bats in NCAA play must have the 2000 or 2004 seal so I suspect you will not see any wood bats in the game. They probably do meet the performance standard but my guess is most manufacturers did not pay for the right to use the seal because it is cost prohibitive. BUT if a wood bat has either seal and is not on the nonapproved bat list, it is legal. (Rule 3-2a1 and 15)

11-10-06 Question The Thrown Bat Rule (11-8e) change for 2007 concerning a thrown bat going into foul territory, endangering a participant, states a warning shall be issued after the first incident. Is this warning given to both teams or just the offending team? Answer When the rules committee discussed this, we never discussed warning the opposing team and my sense is that they never intended to include the opponent. Usually it's a particular player who has a lazy habit or odd grip that results in a dangerous situation and so a warning just brings their attention to the situation in hopes that it will not reoccur.

11-30-06 Question I cannot find any mention of a captain in NCAA. Are captains allowed in NCAA? Answer Captains are allowed on NCAA teams although they have no special function (long time ago they often attended the pregame meeting but now the coach has to attend it). There is no NCAA rule that only the head coach can communicate with an umpire. In fact, many catchers ask where a pitch was... or batters ask if that was a strike called on location or a swing... or an assistant coach goes to the umpire to make a substitution. NCAA rules do specify the head coach is responsible for any communication with the umpire so if someone from the dugout says something disparaging, the umpire should address the head coach about the inappropriateness of the comment....or if a player says something inappropriate to an umpire, it's the head coach's responsibility to see that it does not happen again. Also a substitution made by an assistant cannot be disregarded if the head coach goes to the umpire and says there was a mistake and the substitution was not wanted. The substitution is assumed to have come from the head coach.

12-14-06 Question There seems to be a conflict in the new 2007 rule book as follows. I have not seen nor been made aware of any corrections to the new book yet Question: 3. If it is discovered that the pitching distance or base distances are incorrect, the error shall be corrected at the end of the half inning. Rule book references which seem to be conflicting page 40 - Nonregulation Field SECTION 16. The umpires have the responsibility to check the playing field to be sure all is legal. Every effort should be made by the umpires to obtain the correct dimensions. Any game started on a nonregulation field shall not be protested for this reason. Note: Once a game has started, if it is discovered by or brought to the attention of the umpire that the pitching distance or base distances are incorrect, the error shall be corrected immediately, with no penalty, and the game shall continue from that point. page 233/234 - rule 15/6 Pregame Responsibilities b. Check the condition of the field, inspect all playing lines and markers for proper location and adequate visibility, and direct the host institution to correct problems if possible or be prepared to make a ground rule to address the situation. Note: Once a game has started, if it is discovered by or brought to the attention of the umpire that the pitching distance or base distances are incorrect, the error shall be corrected at the start of the next full inning, with no effect, and the game shall continue from that point. Answer I am still organizing the corrections that we have found to date but I have commented in blue so that while the more complete document is in progress, you'll at least have comments on the one you've brought up. The correct text is on page 40 and the changes just did not transfer to the dimension table on page 44 (note 2) nor to page 234.

12-26-06 Question Here is a rule change not listed in our NCAA Changes. Take a look and see if you agree. Reference Rule 12-2-d-1 Award of Home Plate....."leaves the playing field in fair territory without touching the ground or going through the fence." (2006 Rule Book..P.147) Reference Rule 12-3-c-5 Award Second Base...... "When a fair batted ball deflects off a fence and then off a fielder before going over the home-run fence" EFFECT....The ball is dead. The batter is awarded second base and credited with a two base hit (Double). (158) The ball has never touched the ground when deflecting off the fence, then off fielder, then over HR fence. This is a rule change which was not mentioned in our 2007 Rule Changes. Answer Using the 2007 book... 12-3-e on page 159...award home plate...when a fair batted fly ball ....leaves the playing field in fair territory without touching the ground or going through the fence. 12-3-c5...on page 158...award second base...when a fair batted ball deflects off the fence and then off a fielder before going over the home run fence. The first has been in the book for some time (as you noted from the 2006 book )and the second was an interpretation posted on the website last year that has now been put in the text. It's not a rule change from one to the other but two different situations...the first is a ball whose impetus from the bat sends it over the homerun fence so the batter "deserves" a homerun; the second is a ball that deflects off the homerun fence, back into the field of play where it deflects off a fielder and that impetus sends it over the homerun fence. In this case the batter "deserves" whatever bases she can reach (not a homerun) however with the ball out of play, she is not free to advance. She is awarded second just as if the ball had bounded over or through the fence. So they are different situations not a rule change from the first to the second.

1-17-07 Question Play: a pitcher is removed from the game or pitching position due to injury. Her replacement takes more than 5 warm-up pitches to get ready. Can the original pitcher come back to pitch in this game? The ASA and NCAA rulebooks do not prohibit it specifically, but there is discussion and confusion among umpires. Some say she cannot reenter since a coach could use this to his/her advantage by claiming injury if the relief pitcher has not finished her warm-ups. The NFHS has a casebook play 6.2.5B which clearly states that she can return to pitch even if her replacement took extra warm-up pitches. Answer NCAA rules do not prevent the pitcher from returning to pitch...they only prevent a pitcher who returns in the same inning from having any warmup pitches. So if a pitcher is removed due to injury, the substitute enters and is allowed adequate warmup time. Then the original pitcher is ready to return, she can do so...even in the same inning... with no limitations other than not receiving warmup pitches in the same inning. You are absolutely correct that this could be used inappropriately however in all cases, we error on the side of student-athlete welfare and safety. We hope it is never abused BUT if it is, we also hope that word will get around about a particular coach using this and then it can be addressed through their administration. Could someone get away with it once, absolutely; but if they use it several times, the coaching community will be buzzing about it and we think asking a student-athlete to fake an injury to get that extra warmup time will be a tough secret to keep.

2-13-07 Question Home team has a ‘Juggs’ gun in the stands behind home plate and an injured player sitting in the stands monitoring it. During the game a fan noticed that the ‘Juggs’ gun had a cable attached to it that trailed into the home team dugout. Later it was discovered that at the end of the cord in the dugout was an LED digital readout of pitch speed. Granted, the injured player was not transmitting information to the dugout, but having the read out from the speed gun viewable in the dugout could be considered obtaining information from the standsx. Answer I think Rule 3, section 6b applies. It reads "Scouting information obtained from outside the dugout involving current opponents shall not be relayed or given to the playing field or to team personnel during the contest." Sounds like information was being relayed into the dugout via the LED readout and provided to team personnel. Do you want to tell me which team this applies to and I will call and talk to the coach or do you want to handle it?

2-22-07 Question We had both pitchers from XXX and ZZZ use black markers to cover up the lettering on the outside of the mitt that is optic green/yellow and the color of the ball. We know that this lettering is small but you get flashes of what can be perceived to be the ball, without blacking out the lettering.What did we decide was ok with a yellow optic ball on the glove of the pitcher? Answer The glove cannot be the color of the ball so a yellow optic ball on the glove would not be legal. The book does not address yellow stitching on the manufacturer's label though and we have done exactly what Ron suggests and had the player use a marker to darken the stitches or cover them with tape so as not to be distracting.

3-13-07 Question At every tournament so far this year, I've told coaches to blacken or at least change the optic yellow color on their pitcher's gloves. No one has complained and they quickly marked out the optic yellow. I've based that ruling on 3.7.a which says: Gloves/mitts worn by players may not be the color of the ball but may be any combination of other colors. I have no issue with if it is your ruling to allow all logos different jurisdiction than the glove rule. I have spoken to several umpires who all said they would have ruled the same as I had. I just want to get everyone on the same page. Last night as I was going over my notes it occurred to me that technically XXX State's pitcher's glove is illegal. Mizuno is making their glove orange and black to match their team colors. The book says the pitcher's glove may be tan, brown, grey or black, or any combination of those colors. Is orange close enough to tan? Furthermore, the rule states no gloves may be the color of the ball, so I was technically wrong in only requiring the pitcher's to be marked out had that been true. I thought we had been told that the optic yellow on the pitcher's glove needed to be removed. I also noticed at another game that the team had a Wilson gloves with four optic yellow logos on their gloves. One of the logos is round, although it is only approximately 1.5 inches across on the outside of the webbing of the glove. I just wanted to drop you all a note about this because in the vendor's haste to make products for the players to match team colors are we going to run into further issues with this coloring issue. Answer First, as to the pitcher's glove. That player has stricter regulations as to color so when Worth came out with the white glove last year, it was okay for everyone except the pitcher who is restricted to any combination of the four colors listed. Likewise the patriotic red, white and blue glove we saw in 2003 is okay for field players but not the pitcher. I have not seen XXX State's gloves and there are no pictures on their website so I don't know if a reasonable person would say the glove is tan or orange but if the answer is the latter, then the pitcher cannot use that model. As to the logo color, all the rule book restricts is the glove color not the manufacturer's logo. Wilson, like several other companies, has made use of optic yellow stitching as much as they can as a marketing thing because it catches your eye. Several models have 4 or more logos so no matter what the position of the fielder or play, at least one logo is visible and legible in a photo. I went to Wilson's website to try to find a picture of the ZZZ glove you mention and couldn't find one so maybe it is a new model. But the NCAA does restrict logo size and number of logos on apparel but not on equipment so they are taking full advantage of the advertising space. That said though, you do have rule 10, section 13c which gives the umpire authority to have the yellow stitching colored in or taped over on the pitcher's glove IF you consider it distracting. I am sure that if you explain to the defensive coach that the logo is making it difficult for not only the batter but also you to see a strike, that they will gladly color it in. It is certainly not in their best interest to have the plate umpire distracted and watching the logo instead of the ball!

3-15-07 Question Quick question concerning Mighty Grip and Gorilla Grip. I assume either of these grip enhancers requires a wipe-off prior to contact with the ball. However, I also can see that if these gripping agents are not considered a foreign substance, they would not require that wipe-off, as that only pertains to a foreign substance. A friend forwarded me Dee's comments: Actually Mighty Grip is one of the products that is often used but it isn't possible for us to go to print with the book in July and know all the products that will be used on the field the next spring so we do not include any brand names. So if there's a product you are not familiar with, ask the pitcher to apply it as she wants to use it in a game, then have her grip the ball and hand it to you. If there is transfer of product onto the ball, then you have a foreign substance that is not appropriate. If not, then the product would be okay. So, is a wipe required, or not? I am leaning toward NOT requiring to be wiped, as its not a substance. If the pitcher is using "Mighty Grip" and nothing is sticking to the ball, do we require them to wipe their hand? Answer Mighty grip can be used to dry the pitcher's hand and because nothing transfers to the ball, she does not have to wipe it off. However it can not be applied directly to the ball and if it is, it will be an illegal pitch. If a similar substance is used and residue does transfer tot he ball, that too would have to be wiped off or result in an illegal pitch.

4-14-07 Question What is the official ruling of eligible substitute players in the dugout filming during a game? Are they excluded from anything except re-viewing the recorded information? I thought the only issue was re-viewing information that had been taped during the contest. I always thought anyone in the dugout could hold and record any part of the game. Answer You are right. A player in the dugout may video tape during the game but she is prohibited from reviewing the tape until the game is over. Tough to police, I know but sometimes you just have to hope people can be honest. Or if the opposing coach is worried about it, he/she can have someone watch the filmer all game and bring violations to the umpire's attention... The filmer can participate in the game; the only thing that excludes folks is getting info from outside the team area and bringing it in so since she is there already, she is eligible to play.

9-18-07 Question A couple of years back the NCAA said all equipment had to be worn properly. Batting gloves had to be worn and could not be hanging out of the back pockets. No problem. What about players who carry them in their hands as they run the bases? Is this permissible or not? Some believe that is not to be allowed and others including some coaches, believe that is helps the players keep their fists clenched when running or stealing, helping to prevent a possible injury to the fingers. Answer Yes, carrying batting gloves is okay and if you really want to use elastic logic that umpires love so much, you can use gloves are made for the hands so naturally holding them in the hands is okay! Lots of coaches, even in major league baseball, teach carrying them for injury prevention so you will see it quite a bit more I think.

2008

12-14-07 Question What do we do with an out generated on a play with one out and the play (batting out of order) is properly appealed? We list the things that are nullified, but don't mention outs. Assume we nullify them, but we should mention them as well. Answer The NCAA committee has been very strong on the point that you get the out if you want it and not the effect for batting out of order OR you can take the effect for batting out of order and give up the out...your choice but you cannot have it both ways. The other groups have slowly decided to give the offended team all the benefits but I don't hear any support for that... yet.

12-29-07 Question After a pitch to the batter the catcher returns the ball to the pitcher. The batter gets her sign from her coach and gets both feet in the batter's box in approximately six seconds. If the pitcher is not standing on the pitcher's plate within the next four seconds should the umpire shall declare "Dead Ball" and award a ball on the batter. Answer Yes. The reference is 10.18 but it seems we are missing the first paragraph of the effect. It detailed a strike is awarded if the batter fails to comply with getting into position in the initial 10 seconds and a ball is awarded if the pitcher fails to comply with getting into position in the initial 10 seconds or to bring her hands together in the subsequent 10 seconds.

2-6-08 Question I hate to over think the thrown bat rule but this one is being questioned in every regional clinic that I have attended and has been answered in different ways. I understand that we are issuing a team warning after the 1st offense. Does that only apply to the offending team (allowing the other team a free throw in a heated game)? Or is this the same as throwing at a batter and warnings are issued to both participating teams? Answer The rules committee intended for the warning to be given to the offended team...there has been some confusion of whether it is a team warning or player warning but I had not heard that folks were thinking both teams are warned. Thanks for letting me know so I can help clear that up.

2-7-08 Question In NCAA Softball, does there have to be contact between a runner and a fielder to have interference? Play: Runner on 2B, ball hit to shortstop and the runner advancing to 3B jumps over the ball. Does the act of jumping over the ball have to be judged by the umpire as to whether the runner interfered with the fielders opportunity to field a ball or does there have to be contact with the ball or fielder in order to have interference? Answer The rulebook specifically addresses a play similar to yours on page 187. Simply jumping over the ball, even though it confuses or momentarily blocks the vision of the SS, is generally not interference unless the runner pauses, yells, waves her arms. In other words, if the fielder is naturally proceeding to the next base and does nothing “designed to interfere” (umpire’s judgment) then it would not be interference. In the end, if there is no contact, it does come down to judgment as to if the runners actions actually interfered with the fielder's opportunity to play the ball. And there can be some pretty good actresses on both sides of the play so don't be shy about your own great performance in selling the call.

2-9-08 Question Is a list of authorized warm-up bats? Rule 3.3 only says the warm-up bat must weigh not less than 39 ounces and have a minimum barrel diameter of 2 inches. Answer The ASA does approve warmup bat attachments but all the NCAA says about warmup bats is in rule 3.3

3-25-08 Question Runner on first. The batter hits a long fly ball to deep left field close to the foul pole. The runner advances watching for the catch. The second baseman also moves to second base watching for the catch. The runner attempts to round second, but the second baseman obstructs her. I signal delayed dead ball and say "obstruction". Then the left fielder misses the ball and it falls foul in the corner. Since it was a foul ball, do we still issue a warning to the second baseman for a rounding obstruction? Answer At the time of the obstruction, you have a delayed dead ball and obstruction call as you did. Then once the ball is dead, you issue the warning to the second baseman and notify the coach unless that player had previously been warned and then you have the one base award as detailed in 9.4.2.3 even tough the ball ended up being an uncaught foul ball.

3-27-08 Question Is it illegal to use paint or a sharpie-marker to put numbers or anything on the barrel of the bat? Answer Yes. Numerous types of paint available have metallic content in them to improve performance. The rules do not allow repainting of any bat on the barrel for the simple reason that we cannot control performance if we allow it. Can you imagine if players could airbrush their favorite sayings or names on their bats with metallic, glow in the dark, or glitter paint? Those are obvious but what about the array of colored titanium paints or car paint with heavy metal ingredients now readily available...both to be brushed on and in pen styles to be written with? The rules committee cannot expect the umpire to discern the content of the paint used and then use their judgment that no advantage is gained on a batted ball. So to protect the integrity of the game and provide some assurance to the opposing team that there is no potential for an unfair advantage gained by a player who uses a bat with custom markings, the rules are quite clear that the only exception for marking bats is on the knob (1.1) where bat/ball contact is highly unlikely. What is considered the barrel? Just to be clear, the softball playing rules refer to the bat in three basic pieces...the knob, the handle and the barrel. The barrel is from the end cap to the nearest edge of the grip, the handle is the area covered by the grip and the knob is the piece perpendicular to the handle.&n! bsp; For the purpose of the rules, we do not distinguish the tapering end of the barrel as the throat, the neck, the taper, the connection, the flex or any other of those slang terms because there is no need to distinguish that area from the , center of percussion, antinode, preferred hitting area or whatever you want to call it. There's no reason for getting that technical because the same rule applies to that entire portion of the bat. Only the barrel, knob and grip are distinguished because portions of the rules are specific to them (barrel 3.2.1.4; knob 3.2.1.7 and 12; handle 3.2.1.9). Interestingly, we can't even get the manufacturer's engineer and the same company's marketing man to use the same terminology for their own bat parts much less work for consensus among all coaches, players, umpires, scouts, salesmen, and manufacturers. But if you think it would help, we could put a diagram in the rule book identifying the three major sections! of a bat. As to the question about markings...rule 1.1 allows for marking for identification on the knob or laser etching other than on the barrel or replacing the grip. Any of which can be done without rendering the bat altered. That infers that marking for identification on the barrel or laser etching on the barrel renders the bat altered and unsuitable for play.

9-21-08 Question During today’s contest, we discussed the new rule for the upcoming season concerning a requested time out by the catcher. The fact that base runners are no longer allowed to vacate the vicinity of their bases is addressed. However, the batter is not mentioned in this new rule. My question is that since, by definition, the batter is not a base runner, is she exempt from this rule? Please advise. Answer The rule was written for the base runners because they were the ones who ran across the infield and then delayed the game returning to their bases after the pitcher and catcher were done. The thought was there was not the same issue with the batter since she is already "on the clock" so to speak. If the batter proves to be problematic, let us know and we'll entertain a proposal to add her into the rule in next year's book.

10-2-08 Question I've had several inquiries from coaches, during the fall regarding the Pitcher's Lane. The wording under rationale 'to be considered inside the pitcher's lane, the pitcher shall not have any part of her foot in contact with the ground completely outside of any part of the line that defines the pitcher's lane'. What this says to me is no part of the foot can be outside the outer edge of the line period. (i.e. If the heel of the foot is on the line, but the ball of the foot is outside its an illegal pitch. Is this correct?

If I'm reading this right, it would seem to be inconsistent with the previous pitching rule regarding the step/stride forward or the way we treat the batter's box lines (except if the foot is also on home plate) Answer You are probably looking at one of the original draft documents. The wording is that she cannot have her entire foot on the ground and outside the line. I am trying to get all the old editions out of circulation so pass the correct wording along if you can.

1-12-09 Question Please clarify when runners can leave the vicinity of their bases without being charged a conference and when a conference would be charged. Answer Runners cannot leave the vicinity of their bases when the pitcher and catcher meet. Runners can leave the vicinity of their bases without being charged a conference if the pitcher, catcher and shortstop meet. Runners can leave the vicinity of their bases without being charged a conference if the pitcher and shortstop meet. THE RULE IS INTENDED FOR A MEETING OF JUST THE PITCHER AND CATCHER...IF ANYONE ELSE IS INVOLVED (COACH OR PLAYER), THE RUNNERS ARE NO LONGER RESTRICTED.

2-1-09 Question What is the rationale for the rule that the warm-up bat must be not less than (translated to "at least" or "greater or equal to") 39 oz.? I don't understand the reasoning. If it is to discourage batters from bringing it into the batter's box, that is the only reason we can come up with. Warm-up bats are usually different (look, feel, form), so regardless of the weight, they would likely not end up in the batter's box. If they do, they are covered by the illegal/unapproved bat rule. So here is my question: Does a home teams ground rules supercede the rule book? My thought - no. but I am seeking the wisdom from you before I proceed with further actions (letting my assignor/conference coordinator know) ...... Answer At the time of the first writing of our rule book, the other codes defined a warmup bat as one 39 ounces or greater and a game bat as one 38 ounces or less. That was in the days of alloy, not lighter composite, bats so maybe it's time for us to revisit it...and take out the part of the bat rule that talks about wooden bats while we are at it! I'll bring it up in July but for now the weight classifies a bat as warmup if it is heavier than a legal bat.

2-16-09 Question Team A is up 7-0 in the bottom of the 6th inning. Bases are loaded and the batter hits a ball off the fence and clears the bases with a . How many runs count? All three or just one? Answer The game officially ends when the home team scores the eighth run (obviously not true if it were the visiting team as the game would have to conclude with a full inning). The only exception is on awarded bases..for example, an out of the park homerun results in all the runs scoring. The rationale is the same as it is for any game ending hit (see Rule 14.6)...that is, if the defense plays to prevent a run from scoring, they are not accountable for additional runs that are, in essence meaningless. Unfortunately, there will be cases like this where an exceptionally well hit ball is somewhat devalued but there are also cases where an average hit will have greater value that it would under other circumstances. this exchange of viewpoints went on again before I dropped the subject .... because 1. what were the odds this was going to actually happen before I could get supporting info from members of the NCAA and 2. I was being proactive because I knew if this went on much further I was going to eject a coach.

3-25-09 Question During our plate conference the plate umpire asked the home coach to go over her ground rules which she did. She stated that the entrance into the dugout area they play from fence post to fence post (which is about a 4 to 5 foot opening) The visiting head coach asked this question about this opening into the dugout: "if a player has one foot in playable area (this would actually be in foul ball territory) and one foot on the ground in dead ball territory what is the ruling?" The home head coach said she had never had that questioned asked before and looked to the umpires. We started to explain to the visiting coach that with a foot touching the dead ball area (and this is quite clearly explained in rule 2.15, 7.2.2.12 and 9.1.1) the ball is a dead ball The visiting head coach interrupted us and said that this is a ground rule set up by the home team.

In my mind it is not - it is clearly covered in the rules. So here is my question: Does a home teams ground rules supercede the rule book?

One additional point - the visiting coach indicated that when they play games on his home field - that should a defensive player have one foot on his dugout steps (which he admitted was out of play) and one foot in a playable area they consider that legal. Answer Ground rules are meant to clarify a particular circumstance but cannot be in conflict with the playing rules. So in your example, the ground rule establishes that the dead ball territory is between the posts or the ground rule could be that the line is in front of the posts. But it cannot conflict with the rule that if your foot is completely in dead ball territory when you catch a ball, it is no catch.

4-1-09 Question 1 At a pre-game inspection, two of our umpires, in accordance to rule “5.4 Umpire’s Duties”, found a bat with a significant dent between the rubber grip and the wide part of the barrel that they felt dangerously compromised the bat’s integrity. It was in the small area of the handle where the bat ring would not have had any contact with the bat. For safety sake, they had the bat removed, but not to the satisfaction of the coach who wanted proof and said she was going to lodge a protest. It was her contention that they could not remove the bat just because of the dent since it was not in violation of rule 3.2.1.14 and every other reference in the rule book that stipulated that “in determining whether a bat is legal, the ring must slide over the barrel without significant force.” We have searched the rule book and cannot find anything that would allow our umpires to take that action but believe it was the prudent thing to do. Answer 1 I agree the umpires did the right thing and since I have not seen any protest paperwork on this issue, I am hoping the coach looked at the rule book and realized the umpire was simply enforcing the appropriate rules. 3.2.1.4 says the barrel must be round and smooth and dents usually violate this part of the rule. Question 2 As I re-read this, however, it poses an additional question/clarification (hope I’m not splitting hairs) – your statement above says the “barrel must be round and smooth and dents usually violate this part of the rule” – based on what I’ve read in rule 3.2, does the “barrel” include the narrow part of the bat referred in the book as the handle (from the top of the knob up the narrow taped part of the handle and tapering to the first 2-1/4” area)? I’ve always considered the barrow to be the length of the 2-1/4” diameter area and in our situation, the dent was just above the taped “handle” and below the 2-1/4” “barrel”. Answer 2 We have discussed maybe defining parts of the bat. The scientists and manufacturers have a completely different take on the terminology than the coaches so maybe getting everyone to some common terms would be useful. I will bring that up at the summer meeting and hope we can make it through until then.

4-3-09 Question There has been an incident regarding the Easton Stealth bat. They flex a little when some umpires hold on the handle and the end of the bat. The umpire then deemed the bat illegal. I stated the bat is designed to flex. Most of the Easton or two piece bats the are connected at the barrel will flex if enough force is used. Question 1: is it our responsibility to hold the bat and flex it and Q2: if the bat appears to flex a little if some umpires are using this practice, do we take the bat out of the game? Answer There is no rule book support for removing a bat that has flex or whip so I am not sure where this idea originated. Like most equipment for individual athletes, bats are available to advantage a particular style...light bats typically advantage slappers, heavy bats do the same for home run hitters, bats with flex or whip usually advantage the hitter with a long or looping swing, bats that are stiff typically advantage the inside out swinger. So for umpires to decide who to disadvantage by taking a style out of play is totally against everything umpiring stands for. Fortunately I have not heard any outcries from coaches who have had their bats removed under this process so it makes me hopeful that it is isolated but anything you can do to help set the record straight among those umpires who might be evaluating bats in this way would be great. The purpose of the bat check is to be sure we have equipment with the ASA 2004 seal that are not on the nonapproved list and then to eliminate those that have cracks, dents etc that are showing signs of near failure. So if you can help get the word out, that would be great. Thanks for the heads up

4-13-09 Question While checking bats we shook the bats and noticed that the Easton Stealth SCN6B (the white bat with purplish color letters) bats felt like something inside was loose. No audible sound - just the feel of it. Some of the bats were OK. We were ready to toss out 5 bats but the coach said that is how the bats get "broken" in, and not a sign that the bat is broken. Is there a way to determine if this Easton Stealth bat is okay or not? Answer The coach is correct that as composite bat breaks in, so does the substance that lies between the layers of the composite and that you will, in some cases, be able to feel it. It is not a sign of imminent bat failure so it is not listed as one of the things that would disqualify a bat (rule 3.2). You will probably notice this in more bats as the season progresses and from more than just the Stealth model.