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Does the Spring Bear Hunt Make ‘Cents?’ Commentary No. 6 | August 2015 Does the Spring Bear Hunt Make ‘Cents?’ By Mike Commito northernpolicy.ca © 2015 Northern Policy Institute Published by Northern Policy Institute 874 Tungsten St. Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6T6 ISBN: 978-1-988472-57-7 Telephone: (807) 343-8956 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.northernpolicy.ca This report was made possible through the support of our partners Lakehead University, Laurentian University and Northern Ontario Heritage Fund Corporation. Northern Policy Institute expresses great appreciation for their generous support but emphasizes the following: The views expressed in this commentary are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Institute, its Board of Directors or its supporters. Quotation with appropriate credit is permissible. Author’s calculations are based on data available at the time of publication and are therefore subject to change. Contents About Northern Policy Institute 4 About the Author 5 Introduction 6 A Brief History of Spring Bear Hunting in Ontario 7 Could Ontario’s Black Bears Sustain Additional Hunting Pressure? 9 The Economics of Spring Bear Hunting 12 Social Importance of Bears 14 Recommendations 15 References 16 Who We Are 18 About Northern Policy Institute Northern Policy Institute is Northern Ontario’s independent think tank. We perform research, collect and disseminate evidence, and identify policy opportunities to support the growth of sustainable Northern Communities. Our operations are located in Thunder Bay and Sudbury. We seek to enhance Northern Ontario’s capacity to take the lead position on socio-economic policy that impacts Northern Ontario, Ontario, and Canada as a whole. Vision Values A growing, sustainable, and self-sufficient Northern Ontario. One with the ability to not only Objectivity: Northern Policy Institute is a identify opportunities but to pursue them, either non-partisan, not-for-profit incorporated on its own or through intelligent partnerships. A body providing fair, balanced and objective Northern Ontario that contributes both to its own assessments of policy issues in a pan-Northern success and to the success of others. Ontario context; Relevance: Northern Policy Institute will support Mission practical and applied research on current or emerging issues and implications relevant to Northern Policy Institute is an independent policy Northern Ontario now and in the future in keeping institute. We exist for the purposes of: with the themes and objectives of the Growth Plan for Northern Ontario, 2011; • The development and promotion of proactive, evidence based and purpose driven policy Collaboration: Northern Policy Institute recognizes options that deepen understanding about the the value of multi-stakeholder, multi-disciplinary, unique challenges of Northern Ontario and and multicultural contributions to the collective ensure the sustainable development and long- advancement of Northern Ontario and works in a term economic prosperity of Northern Ontario; collaborative and inclusive approach to provide a full range of policy options for decision makers; • The research and analysis of: » Existing and emerging policies relevant to Coordination: Northern Policy Institute will Northern Ontario; complement the existing research efforts of Northern Ontario's post-secondary institutions » Economic, technological and social trends and non government organizations and explore which affect Northern Ontario; opportunities for coordinated efforts that • The formulation and advocacy of policies that contribute to the mandate of Northern Policy benefit all Northern Ontario communities that Institute; and include Aboriginal, Francophone, remote/rural communities, and urban centres; and, Accessibility: The work of Northern Policy Institute will be publicly accessible to stimulate public • Other complementary purposes not engagement and dialogue, promoting view inconsistent with these objectives. points on the interests of Northern Ontario and its people. About the Author Mike Commito Dr. Mike Commito joined Northern Policy Institute as a policy analyst in June 2015. He has over seven years of experience in researching and writing about the history of natural resource management questions that affect northern Ontario, ranging from forestry to wildlife management. Mike is a graduate of Laurentian University with a B.A. (2008) and a Masters (2010) in History. He recently completed his PhD in Canadian history from McMaster University. Northern Policy Institute / Institut des politiques du Nord 6 Does the Spring Bear Hunt Make ‘Cents?’ | August 2015 Introduction In November 2013, the Ontario Ministry of Natural current form, choosing to see it as the thin edge of the Resources1 proposed a spring bear hunt pilot program wedge. as a way to enhance public safety and mitigate human-bear conflicts in Northern Ontario. Running from With the pilot now over, the provincial government is May 1 to June 15 in 2014 and 2015, the pilot program left with several options. Will they implement a new was the first spring bear hunting to take place pilot project, reinstitute the spring bear hunt with a in the province since it was indefinitely non-resident component, or shelve it indefinitely? cancelled in 1999. The two-year Preliminary information from January 2015 revealed project focused on the eight wildlife that 847 hunters killed 193 bears in the first season management units (WMUs) adjacent of the pilot project (CBC, 2015). Information to the North’s five largest population from the 2015 pilot season is not yet available, centers: North Bay, Sault Ste. Marie, but many are already pushing for the Sudbury, Timmins, and Thunder Bay. government to reintroduce the hunt in a full capacity. Bruce MacDonald, an These five areas, which are the most densely outfitter in Temagami wants to see the populated cities in the North, have historically pilot “extended for a few years and then reported significant human-bear conflict, maybe opened up to foreign tourists” leading some to question the true intent of (CBC, 2015 May). More recently, the provincial government’s motivations the Ontario Federation of Anglers (Walkom, 2014). Animal welfare activists and Hunters (OFAH) echoed this have called the spring bear hunt cruel and sentiment, suggesting that “proper unnecessary, citing that the timing of the black bear management in Ontario hunt needlessly puts mother bears and cubs requires both spring and fall hunting” in jeopardy. Noted gameshow host celebrity (OFAH, 2015). The organization’s and animal activist, Bob Barker, weighed in senior wildlife biologist, Mark on the issue, calling it “legalized slaughter” Ryckman, has also gone on record to (Romans, 2014). Others, including biologists, state that “we’re [the OFAH] pushing have also taken issue with the pilot program, for the full reinstatement of the spring bear dismissing the government’s public safety hunt as it existed” (Steel, 2015). argument and claiming that the science suggests human-bear conflicts are often the The current provincial government result of bears seeking out alternative food or future governments will need to sources, at times when natural items may maneuver carefully around the spring be unavailable, and cannot be remedied bear hunt issue. Reintroducing it as a by increased hunting pressure (Hamr et al, public safety program is likely to elicit 2015). derision from the scientific community, because it will not reduce human-bear Conversely, a great many also welcomed the conflicts, which are primarily driven by announcement. Some saw it as a legitimate natural food shortages. Presenting it as way to deal with bear numbers while others, an economic stimulus may also draw largely members of the hunting community, criticism from individuals and groups that saw it as a positive overture that the spring believe animals should not be treated bear hunt could be returning to the province as resources. Looking at the spring bear hunt from in its previous capacity (Coyle, 2014). In the short-term, an historic and economic perspective, the provincial however, many were still dissatisfied because the pilot government should reintroduce the spring bear hunt project was limited to resident hunters and therefore with a non-resident component on a trial basis because would not provide an economic stimulus to the north of the economic benefit it will bring to Ontario. This by recruiting non-resident tourist hunters.2 Nevertheless, initiative would not conflict with the long-term viability many have embraced the spring pilot program in its of the species, as the provincial black bear population could sustain the additional hunting pressure. There are potential pitfalls to this policy, because even if the return of the spring bear hunt may not threaten the 1 Following the June 2014 general election, the provincial government changed the title of the Ministry of Natural Resources long-term viability of Ontario’s black bears, the timing to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry. of the season does provide an increased risk to mother black bears and their cubs. As a result, the potential 2 A non-resident hunter in Ontario is defined as an “individual whose primary residence is not in Ontario or has not lived in the province economic benefit that this hunt could provide must be for at least 6 consecutive months of the immediately preceding 12 weighed in concert with the social and political fallout months.” http://www.ontario.ca/travel-and-recreation/hunting- that
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