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#1 • 2012 • MedleMsMagasin for HuMan-etisk forbund 7 MRD 2011 5 MRD 1987 OBS! MEDLEMs- KONTINGENT VEDLAGT! 2 MRD 1927 TEMASAK Vi er 7 milliarder –er det et problem? OVERBEFOLKNING ORGANISASJON Seremonien for de minste PORTRETT Guro Sibeko – uredd kamppoet FOR & IMOT Forbud mot omskjæring? DEBATT Humanisme – både en livssynsbetegnelse og en idétradisjon MENNESKERETTIGHETER Et helt nødvendig skolefag INTERVJU RICHARD DAWKINS – RELIGIONSKRITIKK, SANNHET OG VIRKELIGHETENS MAGI LEDER # 1 · Januar 2012 Fri Tanke Medlemsmagasin for Human-Etisk Forbund Fri tanke redigeres etter redaktør plakaten. Redaksjonelt stoff i Fri tanke står ikke nødven- Litt mer enn et digvis for Human-Etisk Forbunds regning. Kontakt «menighetsblad» Tlf: 23 15 60 20 Fax: 23 15 60 21 Epost: [email protected] fritanke.no Ansvarlig redaktør Kirsti Bergh syrer hele tilværelsen, andre er medlemmer fordi [email protected] de som ikke-troende ønsket et verdig alternativ til i kirkelige seremonier eller fordi de vil at «kirke- Journalist Even Gran skatten» skal gå til Human-Etisk Forbund. Flere meninger [email protected] på fritanke.no DET ER IKKE NØDVENDIGVIS noen motsetning mellom Design & produksjon de ulike synene, men det hender. Og det avspeiler Dinamo Magazine seg i reaksjonene på hva vi skriver i Fri tanke og 16.11.11 [email protected] på fritanke.no. Til lags åt alle kan ingen gjera, som «Ingen liker å bli lurt» er Ivar Aasen skrev. ikke et dialogprosjekt Repro – Det er ingen tvil om at T Kirsti Bergh, redaktør av Fri tanke Dinamo VI SKAL IKKE VÆRE et menighetsblad, men ta opp alternativbransjen tilbyr ulike tema vi tenker er interessante fra et huma- reell hjelp og lindring. Trykk Likevel er det grunn Kroonpress Den oppvakte leser vil legge merke til at Fri tanke nistisk perspektiv. Alt fra tema som kan bidra til til å protestere mot har fått et helt nytt format. Vi håper det vil falle i diskusjonen om hva humanismen er og bør være, til økonomisk utnytting av Opplag smak. Det å lage et medlemsmagasin som tilfreds- aktuelle - og tidløse - spørsmål vi mener humanis- folks godtroenhet 66 950 stiller alle de drøyt 79 000 medlemmene i Human- ter bør være opptatt av. Kritikk av humanismen og Etisk Forbund er ingen enkel oppgave. Blant Human-Etisk Forbund må det også være rom for. 22.11.11 Coverfoto medlemmene finnes det - om ikke 79 000 ulike Samtidig er det en viktig oppgave for et medlems- Ulikhet og Gaute Dahle meninger - et vidt spekter av oppfatninger om hva magasin å gjenspeile det mangfold som finnes i en fellesskap i skolen som er viktig og interessant. organisasjon som er spredt over hele landet, både Fjell skole represen- Stoffrister 2012 når det gjelder aktiviteter og meninger. terer det flerkulturelle Nr 2: 10. mars samfunnets utfordringer Nr 3: 15. juni NOEN ELSKER RICHARD DAWKINS, mens andre mis- i miniatyr. Hvordan skal Nr 4: 1. oktober liker ham. For noen er humanisme antiteisme, for MED FIRE NUMMER I ÅRET er ikke Fri tanke stedet man ivareta både ulikhet andre er det å fylle humanismen med egenmening for interaktiv meningsbrytning, debatten og og felleskap på en og viktigere. Noen synes det er viktigst å utvikle en bred diskusjonene må skje - og skjer - i stor grad på andre samme tid? verdiplattform basert på menneskerettighetene, plattformer. fritanke.no er en slik plattform, mens andre først og fremst er opptatt av stats- Facebook er en annen, der medlemmer, tillitsvalgte kirkeordningen og de menneskerettighetsbrudd og ansatte i Human-Etisk Forbund kan møte hver- ØMERK ILJ E M T som følger av den. Noen mener kompromissløs andre til debatt, diskusjon og filosofering. Men 541-004 TRYKKSAK kamp mot all religion følger av et ateistisk livs- Fri tanke skal være med og stimulere til debatt og syn, mens andre mener det viktigste er å arbeide refleksjon, og formidle den debatten som faktisk for dialog. Endel er opptatt av å finne fram til et foregår i forbundet og andre steder. ❖ bredspektret humanistisk livssyn som gjennom- FRI TANKE # 1 2012 3 InnhOld 3 Leder 38 Humanistisk Ungdom Litt mer enn et «menighetsblad». Aksjonerer for inkludering. 4 Innhold 39 Styremedlemmet Ikke født sånn. Vi spør, og hovedstyrem- 6 Tilbakeblikk edlem Tove Brekken svarer. Verdt å huske på siden sist. 7 Hva skjer 3 Aktivitetskalender for årets tre første Tema måneder. 8 3 Medlemmer 40 Tema: Overbefolkning Vi spør tre medlemmer to spørsmål. Jo flere vi er, desto bedre er det? Vi er sju milliarder mennesker som lever på denne planeten nå – er det et problem? Hvordan sikre at det blir nok energi, mat og vann til 1 Aktuelt alle som lever her? 9 Aktualitet 4 Meninger 10 Reportasje Humanistisk håndsrekning. Hvordan være medmenneske gjennom Human-Etisk 53 Meninger Forbund? 54 Kronikk 19 Notiser Ufullstendig svar om humanisme. En ny bok hevder at humanismen ikke kan være 20 Bilder fra verden et «fullt» livssyn. Levi Fragell imøtegår Hva nå Egypt? Islamistene vinner valget, påstanden. militæret slår ned demonstranter og humaniststemmer er knapt hørbare. 58 Portrett Kamppoeten. Det kan være frigjørende å 22 Intervju bli utsatt for det du frykter, mener forfat- En forgudet ateist. Evolusjonsbiologen teren Guro Sibeko. Richard Dawkins er hyllet, hatet og fordømt til helvetet. 64 Menneskerettigheter 40 For samfunn i utvikling kan opplærings- progammer i menneskerettigheter vise 2 Forbundet seg å bli av uvurderlig betydning. 67 Respons og debatt Ris og ros og klipp fra debatter på 27 Forbundet fritanke.no og sosiale medier. 28 Generalsekretærens spalte 68 Skeptikerspalten De frivillige er forbundet. Det hadde verken Det var det jeg visste! Bekreftelsesbias blitt seremonier eller kongress uten dem. gjør at du bare finner tegn på at du har rett heller enn tegn på at du tar feil. 29 Notiser Likt og ulikt fra organisasjonen. 71 For og i mot Bør rituell omskjæring av gutter bli 30 Den frivillige forbudt? Tom Hedalen Fra Human-Etisk Seremoniene er ryggraden i Human-Etisk Forbund og Ervin Kohn fra Det mosaiske Forbund og skapes av de engasjerte frivil- trossamfunn svarer. lige. Denne gang: navnefest. 72 Bøker og slik 36 Norge rundt Presentasjon, omtaler og anmeldelser av Glimt fra lokalplanet. Aktiviteter fra nord bøker og andre kulturuttrykk. til sør. 30 22 58 4 FRI TANKE # 1 2012 FRI TANKE # 1 2012 5 TIlbAKEblIKK HVA skjER? 2011 2012 OKTOBER NOVEMBER DESEMBER JANUAR februar MARS 10 4 3 25 1 2 Mangfold og integrering 15 år med livssynsdialog Et døgn som flyktninger Klimadebatten Konspiranoia Mafiakoden Levanger kommune arrangerte Samarbeidsrådet for tros- og livssynssamfunn Biolog Pål Prestrud, klimaforsker og direktør ved Møte om konspirasjonsteorier. Humanist forlag lanserer Mafiakoden av Geir dialogkonferansen «Håp og Tro i 1000 år», med feiret sitt 15-års jubileum i Drammen som Cicero, innleder om styrker og svakheter ved Arnfinn Pettersen innleder til debatt Follevåg, en bok om mafia som estetisk fenomen, tema mangfold og integrering. Åse Kleveland fra opptakt til sin nasjonale konferanse for lokale klimadebatten på møte i Humanismens hus. i Humanismens hus. i film, tv-serier, tegneserier, spill og bøker. Human-Etisk Forbund var blant innlederne. Hun dialoger. Se human.no/oslo Se human.no/oslo oppfordret alle til å bidra til felles møteplasser. 8 – Vi ønsker oss ikke et samfunn der ulike grupper 8 27 8 og kulturer lever adskilt og uten kontakt, side om side, poengterte sa hun. Kvinnedagen Se fritanke.no for referat. Kjemper mot kvakksalveri Arne Næss 100 år Solas utvikling og struktur Hva vet vi sikkert om sola, og hva bare tror vi? Astrofysiker Olav Kjeldseth-Moe innleder på 18 åpent møte i Humanismens hus. 300 humanistiske konfirmanter i Møre og Se human.no/oslo – Ingen salme ­Romsdal var samlet til rollespill, der fikk de Styreleder Åse Kleveland i Human-Etisk Forbund erfare litt av livet som flyktning. Ungdommene ba biskopene avstå fra å innlemme Nordahl måtte gjennom byråkrati for å få papirer, gå 11 16 Griegs «Til Ungdommen» i salmeboken: kilometers fluktrute, leve på små matrasjoner i – Sangen er både skrevet og brukt som et tydelig flyktningleir og opplevde menneskerettighets- alternativ til en kristen salmetradisjon. Sangen Folkemøte om utvikling brudd – men det var også positive lærerike Folkemøte i Oslo med tema «Religion og uttrykker sprengkraften i mennesket og ikke i aktiviteter. Ungdommene ble ivaretatt og over- evangeliet, sa hun til avisa Vårt Land. menneskerettigheter». Møtet er et av fire våket av voksne spilledere fra Camp Refugee. folkemøter i forbindelse med Bistands- Også andre steder i landet deltar humanistiske departementets prosjekt «Religion og utvikling». 24 konfirmanter på Camp Refugee-leir. Lars Gule innledet på det første møtet i Stavanger. Se fritanke.no for referat. FN-dagen 10 17 Det er mange gode grunner for humanister til Vitenskapsformidleren Ben Goldacre holdt Menneskerettighetsdagen å markere den internasjonale kvinnedagen. foredrag i Trondheim i regi av Vitenskapsåret Den internasjonale menneskerettighetsdagen ble Richard Wiseman til Oslo For indiske ateister er arbeidet mot religiøs og 2011. Hans prosjekt er å avsløre all den dår- markert blant annet i Kristiansand, der Human- Drømmedag for skeptikere! Humanist forlag tradisjonell undertrykking av kvinner et viktig lige vitenskapen vi utsettes for av media og Etisk Forbund og flere andre organisasjoner gikk i lanserer Paranormalitet – hvorfor vi ser det som arbeidsområde. selvutnevnte «eksperter». Han kritiserte både fakkeltog, etterfulgt av et dialogmøte i den lokale ikke er der (Humanist forlag) på Litteraturhuset i alternativbransjen og legemiddelindustrien for moskeen. Oslo med forfatteren, psykologiprofessor Richard 12 kynisk å bruke dårlig forskning. Les intervju med Wiseman. Se humanistforlag.no ham på fritanke.no. 21 100-årsdagen for filosofen Arne Næss´ fødsel Apokalypse nå! 18 Humanist forlag lanserer Apokalypse av 22 markeres i Universitetets aula i Oslo. En rekke Medlemstall prominenser vil være til stede, og spørsmålet Audhild Skoglund, et bidrag inn i debatten etter Human-Etisk Forbund har 79.327 medlemmer.
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    End Material

    1. Names and dates in modern science So you wanted some names after all? Well, here are a few, with their best-known accomplishments, in chronological order. 154 !icolaus "opernicus #$ermany) proposes heliocentric theory of uni&erse #'ust before his death, so a&oiding the church(s #f%ire% c. 15)*-1+** ,ycho -rahe #.enmark) makes astronomical measurements which will be used by his assistant, Johannes 0epler. 1+*5 Johannes 0epler #$ermany) shows that planets mo&e around the Sun in elliptical orbits 1+*1 $alileo $alilei #2taly) obser&es moons of /upiter, studied law of motion 1++5 3obert 4ooke #5ngland% coins the term 6cell7 c. 1+)* 8ntonie 9hilips &an :eeuwenhoek #!etherlands) first obser&es microorganisms with his handcrafted microscope 1+<) 2saac !ewton #5ngland% publishes 9rincipia =athematica, containing his laws of motion and the law of uni&ersal gravitation 1) 5 "arl :innaeus #Sweden% publishes Systema naturae, founding the science of ta>onomy. 1)< John =itchell #5ngland% proposes the idea of 6dark stars7 from which light cannot escape? :aplace has same idea indepenantly. 1)<5 James 4utton #Scotland% proposes geological cycles 1)11 :uigi $al&ani #2taly) disco&ers bioelectricity 1)11 9ierre Simon :aplace #@rance% de&elops the nebular origin of the solar system 1<* #c.% John .alton #5ngland% publishes first &ersion of modern atomic theory, based on &arying masses and complexity of matter particles. 1<*< John .alton #5ngland% publishes atomic theory of matter. 1<A4 !icolas :Bonard Sadi "arnot #@rance% founds the science of thermodynamics with his studies on heat engines 1< 1 ,heodor Schwann #$ermany) states the cell theory, that all living things are composed of cells.
  • Messer's Typology

    Messer's Typology

    Messer’s Typology: An Investigation into the Relationship Between Science and Christian Theology Submitted by Ellen Grace Lesser, to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Masters by Research in Theology and Religion, June 2019. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that any material that has been previously submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University has been acknowledged. (Signature) …………………………………………… 2 Acknowledgements To paraphrase John Donne, no one is an island. There are so many without whom this thesis would not exist, and each deserve my heartfelt thanks. Professor Christopher Southgate and Dr Jonathan Hill have been amazing supervisors throughout the two years I have been studying for my Masters by Research. Their advice and help have been truly invaluable and I am incredibly grateful to have had the chance to work with them over the past two years. I am also grateful for those who have taken the time to sit with me and discuss my ideas, especially Dr Rebekah Welton, Dr Lindsey Askin, Dr Daniel Pedersen, and Professor David Clough. I would also like to thank Dr Susannah Cornwall for facilitating my development as a researcher and a teacher during my time preparing this thesis. Other academic assistance has come from the fantastic PGR community at the University of Exeter, both within and without my home department of Theology and Religion.