Cenercal Purpose Communications Receiver
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Factory Radio Communications
0 rf indoor collllllunicafions ___________ Factory Radio Communications Noise and propagation measurements reveal/imitations for UHF/microwave i'ndoor radio communication systems By Theodore S. Rappaport Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University A glimpse into a typical factory re· any type of tether will require a radio In Japan, spectrum has been set aside veals a high degree of automation has system for control. Optical systems are for 300 mW, 4800 bps indoor radio .entered into the work place. Computer viable, but become inoperative when systems operating in the 400 MHz and driven automated test benches, wired obstructed. Furthermore, radio systems 2450 MHz bands (4). guided robots and PC-controlled drill will be us~ful for quickly and cheaply Accurate characterization of the oper presses are a few examples of the connecting often moved manufacturing ating channel is a mandatory prerequi proliferation of computer technology equipment and computer terminals. Ra site for the development of reliable and automation in manufacturing. The dio will also accommodate reconfig wideband indoor radio systems. Radio boom in automation has created a need urable voice/data communications for channel propagation data from factory for reliable real-time communications in other facets of factory and office building buildings have been· made available for factories. In 1985, the Manufacturing operation and may eventually be used the first time through a research pro Automation Protocol (MAP) networking in homes and offices to provide univer gram sponsored by NSF and Purdue standard was established by manufac- sal digital portable communications (1 ). University. As shown here, it is not . turing leaders to encourage commer Presently, communications· between environmental noise, but rather multi cialization of high data rate communica computers and automated machines are path propagation that limits the capacity tions hardware for use in computer conducted almost exclusively over ca of a radio link. -
Detecting and Locating Electronic Devices Using Their Unintended Electromagnetic Emissions
Scholars' Mine Doctoral Dissertations Student Theses and Dissertations Summer 2013 Detecting and locating electronic devices using their unintended electromagnetic emissions Colin Stagner Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations Part of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons Department: Electrical and Computer Engineering Recommended Citation Stagner, Colin, "Detecting and locating electronic devices using their unintended electromagnetic emissions" (2013). Doctoral Dissertations. 2152. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/doctoral_dissertations/2152 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DETECTING AND LOCATING ELECTRONIC DEVICES USING THEIR UNINTENDED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS by COLIN BLAKE STAGNER A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING 2013 Approved by Dr. Steve Grant, Advisor Dr. Daryl Beetner Dr. Kurt Kosbar Dr. Reza Zoughi Dr. Bruce McMillin Copyright 2013 Colin Blake Stagner All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Electronically-initiated explosives can have unintended electromagnetic emis- sions which propagate through walls and sealed containers. These emissions, if prop- erly characterized, enable the prompt and accurate detection of explosive threats. The following dissertation develops and evaluates techniques for detecting and locat- ing common electronic initiators. The unintended emissions of radio receivers and microcontrollers are analyzed. These emissions are low-power radio signals that result from the device's normal operation. -
HF+50 Mhz ALL MODE COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVER Expanded Frequency Coverage Imize Image and Spurious Responses for DSP Capabilities Better Signal fidelity
HF+50 MHz ALL MODE COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVER Expanded frequency coverage imize image and spurious responses for DSP capabilities better signal fidelity. The IC-R75 covers a frequency range DSP (Digital Signal Processor) filtering in the *1 Not guaranteed. that’s wider than other HF receivers; AF stage is available with the optional UT- *2 Not guaranteed; When PREAMP OFF; CW 0.03–60.000000 MHz*. This wide fre- narrow 500 Hz bandwidth; 100 kHz channel 106 DSP UNIT*. The DSP provides the fol- quency coverage allows you to listen to a spacing lowing functions: variety of communications including ma- * Already installed with some versions. rine communications, amateur radio, short • Dynamic range characteristics example Noise reduction: wave radio broadcasts and more. Intercept points Measuring condition Pulls desired AF signals from noise. Out- *Guaranteed 0.1–29.99 MHz and 50–54 MHz only 140 Frequency : 14.15 MHz (100 kHz separation) Mode : CW 120 Bandwidth : 500 Hz (both 2nd and 3rd IF) standing S/N ratio is achieved, providing PREAMP, ATT : OFF 100 clean audio in SSB, AM and FM. Pull weak 80 Preamp1 ON High stability receiver circuit 60 signals right out of the noise. Signal output Preamp OFF 40 Receiver output level (dB) output level Receiver Icom’s latest wide band technology pro- 3rd IMD 20 S+N = 3 dB N output Comparison of receive signal speaker output 0 vides highly stable receive sensitivity over –140 –120 –100 –80 –60 –40 –20 ±0 16.0 22.0 103.5 dB (PREAMP1 ON) 104.5 dB (PREAMP OFF) Receiver input level the entire receive frequency range. -
Testing and Troubleshooting Digital RF Communications Receiver Designs Application Note 1314
Testing and Troubleshooting Digital RF Communications Receiver Designs Application Note 1314 I Q Wireless Test Solutions Table of Contents Page Page 1 Introduction 15 3. Troubleshooting Receiver Designs 2 1. Digital Radio Communications Systems 15 3.1 Troubleshooting Steps 3 1.1 Digital Radio Transmitter 15 3.2 Signal Impairments and Ways to Detect Them 3 1.2 Digital Radio Receiver 16 3.2.1 I/Q Impairments 3 1.2.1 I/Q Demodulator Receiver 17 3.2.2 Interfering Tone or Spur 4 1.2.2 Sampled IF Receiver 17 3.2.3 Incorrect Symbol Rate 4 1.2.3 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) 18 3.2.4 Baseband Filtering Problems 5 1.3 Filtering in Digital RF Communications Systems 19 3.2.5 IF Filter Tilt or Ripple 19 3.3 Table of Impairments Versus Parameters Affected 6 2. Receiver Performance Verification Measurements 20 4. Summary 6 2.1 General Approach to Making Measurements 7 2.2 Measuring Bit Error Rate (BER) 20 5. Appendix: From Bit Error Rate (BER) to Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) 8 2.3 In-Channel Testing 8 2.3.1 Measuring Sensitivity at a Specified BER 22 6. Symbols and Acronyms 9 2.3.2 Verifying Co-Channel Rejection 23 7. References 9 2.4 Out-of-Channel Testing 9 2.4.1 Verifying Spurious Immunity 10 2.4.2 Verifying Intermodulation Immunity 11 2.4.3 Measuring Adjacent and Alternate Channel Selectivity 14 2.5 Fading Tests 14 2.6 Best Practices in Conducting Receiver Performance Tests Introduction This application note presents the The digital radio receiver must fundamental measurement principles extract highly variable RF signals involved in testing and troubleshooting in the presence of interference and digital RF communications receivers— transform these signals into close particularly those used in digital RF facsimiles of the original baseband cellular systems. -
Chapter 9: Communications Systems
GCE A level Electronics – Chapter 9: Communications systems Chapter 9: Communications systems Learning Objectives: At the end of this topic you will be able to: • recall that communication is the transfer of meaningful information from one location to another • recall the structure of a simple communication system consisting of: • information source • transmitter/encoder • transmission medium • amplifier/regenerator • receiver/decoder • information destination • recall and explain the relationship between: • bandwidth • data rate • information-carrying capacity • select and apply the equations: available bandwidth • NCH = channel bandwidth • maximum date rate = 2 × available bandwidth • explain the need to multiplex a number of signals onto one transmission medium and describe the principles of frequency and time division multiplexing • describe the role of filters in communication systems • use the decibel scale to express power gain in amplifiers and attenuation in transmission media • select and apply the equation: POUT • G = 10 log = dB 10 P IN • differentiate between noise and distortion • calculate the total gain in a communication system given the power gain or attenuation of its component parts • state what is meant by signal-to-noise ratio • select and apply the equations: PS VS • SNR = 10 log = = 20 log = dB 10 P 10 V N N • state what is meant by signal attenuation and describe the significance of signal attenuation (in dB) for the signal-to-noise ratio 282 © WJEC CBAC Ltd 2018 GCE A level Electronics – Chapter 9: Communications systems Introduction to information transfer Communication is defined as the transfer of meaningful information from one location to another. Over time, many ways of communicating information have evolved, allowing us to transfer information both faster and over greater distances. -
Chapter 2 Radio Receiver Characteristics
Source: Communications Receivers: DSP, Software Radios, and Design Chapter 1 Basic Radio Considerations 1.1 Radio Communications Systems The capability of radio waves to provide almost instantaneous distant communications without interconnecting wires was a major factor in the explosive growth of communica- tions during the 20th century. With the dawn of the 21st century, the future for communi- cations systems seems limitless. The invention of the vacuum tube made radio a practical and affordable communications medium. The replacement of vacuum tubes by transistors and integrated circuits allowed the development of a wealth of complex communications systems, which have become an integral part of our society. The development of digital signal processing (DSP) has added a new dimension to communications, enabling sophis- ticated, secure radio systems at affordable prices. In this book, we review the principles and design of modern single-channel radio receiv- ers for frequencies below approximately 3 GHz. While it is possible to design a receiver to meet specified requirements without knowing the system in which it is to be used, such ig- norance can prove time-consuming and costly when the inevitable need for design compro- mises arises. We strongly urge that the receiver designer take the time to understand thor- oughly the system and the operational environment in which the receiver is to be used. Here we can outline only a few of the wide variety of systems and environments in which radio re- ceivers may be used. Figure 1.1 is a simplified block diagram of a communications system that allows the transfer of information between a source where information is generated and a destination that requires it. -
FM 24-18. Tactical Single-Channel Radio Communications
FM 24-18 TABLE OF CONTENTS RDL Document Homepage Information HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, D.C. 30 SEPTEMBER 1987 FM 24-18 TACTICAL SINGLE- CHANNEL RADIO COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PREFACE II. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO SINGLE-CHANNEL RADIO COMMUNICATIONS III. CHAPTER 2 RADIO PRINCIPLES Section I. Theory and Propagation Section II. Types of Modulation and Methods of Transmission IV. CHAPTER 3 ANTENNAS http://www.adtdl.army.mil/cgi-bin/atdl.dll/fm/24-18/fm24-18.htm (1 of 3) [1/11/2002 1:54:49 PM] FM 24-18 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section I. Requirement and Function Section II. Characteristics Section III. Types of Antennas Section IV. Field Repair and Expedients V. CHAPTER 4 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN OPERATING SINGLE-CHANNEL RADIOS Section I. Siting Considerations Section II. Transmitter Characteristics and Operator's Skills Section III. Transmission Paths Section IV. Receiver Characteristics and Operator's Skills VI. CHAPTER 5 RADIO OPERATING TECHNIQUES Section I. General Operating Instructions and SOI Section II. Radiotelegraph Procedures Section III. Radiotelephone and Radio Teletypewriter Procedures VII. CHAPTER 6 ELECTRONIC WARFARE VIII. CHAPTER 7 RADIO OPERATIONS UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS Section I. Operations in Arcticlike Areas Section II. Operations in Jungle Areas Section III. Operations in Desert Areas Section IV. Operations in Mountainous Areas Section V. Operations in Special Environments IX. CHAPTER 8 SPECIAL OPERATIONS AND INTEROPERABILITY TECHNIQUES Section I. Retransmission and Remote Control Operations Section II. Secure Operations Section III. Equipment Compatibility and Netting Procedures X. APPENDIX A POWER SOURCES http://www.adtdl.army.mil/cgi-bin/atdl.dll/fm/24-18/fm24-18.htm (2 of 3) [1/11/2002 1:54:49 PM] FM 24-18 TABLE OF CONTENTS XI. -
Radio Bygones Indexes
INDEX MUSEUM PIECES Broadcast Receivers 78 C2-C4 Radio Bygones, Issues Nos 73-78 Command Sets 73 C1-C4 ARTICLES & FEATURES Crystal Sets from Bill Journeaux’s Collection 74 C4 K. P. Barnsdale’s ZC-1 77 C2 AERONAUTICAL ISSUE PAGE Keith Bentley Collection 75 C2-C4 The Command Set by Trevor Sanderson Michael O’Beirne’s MI TF1417 77 C4 Part 1 73 4 National Wireless Museum, Isle of Wight 74 C3 Part 2 74 28 Replica Lancaster at Pitstone Green Museum 76 C1-C4 Letter 75 32 Russian Volna-K 74 C1-C2 Firing up a WWII Night Fighter Radar AI Mk.4 Tony Thompson’s Ekco PB505 77 C3 by Norman Groom 76 6 NEWS & EVENTS AMATEUR AirWaves (On the Air Ltd) 76 2 Amateur Radio in the 1920s 73 27 Amberley Working Museum 74 2 Maintaining the HRO by Gerald Stancey 76 27 Antique Radio Classified 75 3 77 3 BOOKS 78 3 Tickling the Crystal 75 15 ARI Surplus Team 73 3 Classic Book Review by Richard Q. Marris BBC History Lives! (Website) 76 2 Modern Practical Radio and Television 76 10 BVWS and 405-Alive Merge! 74 3 CHiDE Conservation 74 3 CIRCUITRY Club Antique Radio Magazine 73 2 Invention of the Superhet by Ian Poole 76 22 HMS Collingwood Museum 74 3 Mallory ‘Inductuner’ by Michael O’Beirne 76 28 Confucius He Say Loudly! 74 2 Duxford Radio Society 78 3 CLANDESTINE Eddystone User Group Lighthouse 74 3 Clandestine Radio in the Pacific by Peter Lankshear 73 16 77 3 Spying Mystery by Ben Nock 74 18 78 3 Letter 75 32 Felix Crystalised (BVWS) 77 2 Talking to Mosquitoes by Brian Cannon 77 10 Hallo Hallo 75 3 Letter 78 38 77 3 Jackson Capacitors 76 2 COMMENT Medium Wave Circle -
Realistic Dx-440 User Manual
DX-440 OWNER'S MANUAL AM/FM DIRECT ENTRY COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVER RADIO SHACK LIMITED WARRANTY Please read before using this equipment This product is warranted against defects for 90 days from date of purchase from Radio Shack company-owned stores and authorized Radio Shack franchisees and dealers. Within this period, we will repair it without charge for parts and labor. Simply bring your Radio Shack sales slip as proof of purchase date to any Radio Shack store. Warranty does not cover transportation costs. Nor does it cover a product subjected to misuse or accidental damage. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED HEREIN, RADIO SHACK MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Some states do not permit limitation or exclusion of implied warranties; therefore, the aforesaid limitation(s) or exclusion(s) may not apply to the purchaser. This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have olher rights which vary from state to slals. We Service What We Sell ------i II VOICE OF THE WDF!LP RADIO SHACK A Division of Tandy Corporation Cat. No. 20·221A Fort Worth, Texas 76102 ~) 12A7 Printed in Taiwan ~EALIShc.:... CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Introduction 3 You now have the world at your finger The radio uses the latest solid-state Features 4 tips.Just press the buttons of yourDX technology to provide programming, Control Locations 5 440 to listen to a variety of voices from a large liquid crystal display (LCD), Choosing a Power Supply............... 7 around the world. In addition to your and a host of other convenient . -
Revised Classification of Radio Subjects Used in National Bureau of Standards
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON 1RPL-R29 Letter Circular LC-814 \Supersedes Circular C335 REVISED CLASSIFICATION OF RADIO SUBJECTS USED IN NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS January 11, 1946 . IBPL=R29 U, Sc DEPARTMENT Of COMMERCE Letter NATIONAL BUREAU Of STANDARDS Gi rcular WASHINGTON LO-glU (Supersedes Circular G 3S5 ) January 11, 19^6 REVISED CLASSIFICATION OF RADIO SUBJECTS USED IN NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS Cont ent s Page I 0 Introduction . „ . « o . » . * . .. 1 IX. The Dewey Decimal System of Glassification3 ....... 2 III. Ola ssif ication of Radio Subjects ............ 3 IV. Revised Glassification of Radio Subjects U Classification Outline Index RQOO General Radio Material ............. u RlOO Radio Principles . 5 R200 Radio Measurements and Standardisation .... 15 R3GO Radio Apparatus and Equipment ........ 19 RHoo Radio Communication Systems ......... 23 R5OQ Applications of Radio ......... ... S9 1600 Radio Station® § Equipment;, Regulations Design, s Operation, Maintenance and Management . , 32 RJOO Radio Manufacturing and Repairing ...... 33 RSQO Nonradio . 33 V. Subject Index . ...... ...... 37 I . Introductio n The present pamphlet is an expansion and revision of Bureau of Standards Circular G385, "Glassification of Radio Subjects - An Exten- w sion of the Dewey Decimal System p published in 1930. The latter,, in turn, was a revision of the Bureau © Circular C 138 , published in 1923. As indicated in the title of Circular 0385, the classification was an extension of the general Dewey Decimal System, prepared by Doctor Melvin Dewey for classifying books, publications, references, and other materi- al as found in reference and public libraries. The Dewey Glassification at that time did not include a detailed classification for radio, and 5 the Bureau s Circular C 3 S 5 was designed to fill the need of organizations desiring a classification table covering radio science. -
Shortwave Converter Kit
IMPORTANT WARRANTY INFORMATION! PLEASE READ Return Policy on Kits When Not Purchased Directly From Vectronics: Before continuing any further with your VEC kit check with your Dealer about their return policy. If your Dealer allows returns, your kit must be returned before you begin construction. Return Policy on Kits When Purchased Directly From Vectronics: Your VEC kit may be returned to the factory in its pre-assembled condition only. The reason for this stipulation is, once you begin installing and soldering parts, you essentially take over the role of the device's manufacturer. From this point on, neither Vectronics nor its dealers can reasonably be held accountable for the quality or the outcome of your work. Because of this, Vectronics cannot accept return of any kit-in-progress or completed work as a warranty item for any reason whatsoever. If you are a new or inexperienced kit builder, we urge you to read the manual carefully and determine whether or not you're ready to take on the job. If you wish to change your mind and return your kit, you may--but you must do it before you begin construction, and within ten (10) working days of the time it arrives. Vectronics Warrants: Your kit contains each item specified in the parts list. Missing Parts: If you determine, during your pre-construction inventory, that any part is missing, please contact Vectronics and we'll send the missing item to you free of charge. However, before you contact Vectronics, please look carefully to confirm you haven't misread the marking on one of the other items provided with the kit. -
SUPERHETERODYNE CONVERTORS and 1-F AMPLIFIERS
ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY SERIES SUPERHETERODYNE CONVERTORS and 1-F AMPLIFIERS ,#.,_. •~· .• :· :-,:·,' . ...~ ' ' ' . ' ,\,.. • · ,, . ,·;, . :; ~: ~, :· ,. ~: '.·· .. '. •'.~ ;·. '~ . ' . ., . :• a publication SUPERHETERODYNE CONVERTERS AND 1-F AMPLIFIERS Edited by Alexander Schure, Ph. D., Ed. D. JOHN F. RIDER PUBLISHER, INC., NEW YORK a division of HAYDEN PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. Copyright IC 1963 JOHN F. RIDER PUBLISHER, INC. All rights reserved. This book or any parts there may not be reproduced in any form or in any language without permission. SECOND EDITION Library of Congress Catalog Number 6J-20JJ6 Printed in the United States of America PREFACE The utilization of heterodyning action in receiver design via local oscillator, mixer, or converter action marks one of the major steps in the advance of communications. Application of the basic prin ciples of superheterodyne operation solved many of the problems inherent in the earlier tuned radio frequency receivers. Such factors as receiver stability, gain, selectivity, and uniform bandpass over an entire band could be improved by using the superheterodyne receiver. The reasons for the enormous popularity of this design are apparent, as is the need for the technician to understand the theory and operation of superheterodyne converters and i-f ampli fiers. This book is organized to provide the student with an under standing of these fundamental principles, with emphasis on the descriptive treatment and analyses. Mathematical formulas or numerical examples are presented where pertinent and necessary to illustrate the discussion more fully. Specific attention has been given to the essential theory of mixers and converters; basic superheterodyne operation; arithmetic selec tivity; image frequency considerations; double conversion; conver sion efficiency; oscillator tracking; pulling and squegging; types of converters (both early and modern) ; functions and design factors of i-f amplifiers; choices of i-f frequencies; ave and davc; the Miller effect; and the consideration of alignment procedures.