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Multiscale Analysis for Characterization of Remotely Sensed Images Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 2001 Multiscale Analysis for Characterization of Remotely Sensed Images. Wei Zhao Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Zhao, Wei, "Multiscale Analysis for Characterization of Remotely Sensed Images." (2001). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 389. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/389 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. U MI MICROFILMED 2002 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. MULTISCALE ANALYSIS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF REMOTELY SENSED IMAGES A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Wei Zhao B.S., Nanjing University, 1985 M.S., Chinese Academy o f Sciences, 1988 December, 2001 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3031771 __ __<s> UMI UMI Microform3031771 Copyright 2002 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincerest gratitude to my major professor, Dr. Nina Lam, for her guidance, support, patience, confidence and encouragement during the entire course of my Ph.D. studies. I wish to express my appreciation to the other members of my graduate committee, Dr. Adrian, Mr. Braud, Dr. Huh, Dr. Leitner, and Dr. Liu, for their guidance and comments in the dissertation research. I would like to acknowledge Mr. Braud, in providing the Landsat TM data used in the experimental study. I would like to thank Dr. Qiu for providing suggestions and encouragement in the research. I appreciate the efforts of Mr. Bryant who reviewed the draft manuscript and made helpful editorial comments. I also thank fellow graduate students in the Computer Mapping Sciences Laboratory and Department of Geography and Anthropology for numerous fruitful conversations. In particular, Zuju Yao, Xiongping Zhang, Weiweng Feng, Ke Xiao, Jane Read, Michael Daniel, and Dennis Nicholas together with the faculty, staff, and other students, have made LSU an exciting place to conduct geographic information systems and remote sensing research. This dissertation could not have continued without the constant love, encouragement and support of my parents through the course of my education. Special thanks are due to my wife Weihong Zhu for her continual understanding and sacrificing, her hard work keeping us both on track to study together, and especially for bringing our daughter Julia into the world. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................................ii LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................................v LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................................. vii ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................ xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................I 1.1 Statement of problem ................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Methods ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.3 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Expected results and significances ......................................................................... 9 1.5 Chapter organization ..................................................................................................11 CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND...........................................................................................14 2.1 Characteristics of Remote Sensing Imagery ...................................................... 14 2.2 Image A nalysis of Remote Sensing ..........................................................................18 2.2.1 Spectral A nalysis ..................................................................................................... 20 2.2.2 Spatial Analysis ........................................................................................................24 2.2.3 Image Classification ................................................................................................. 27 2.3 Image Spatial An a ly sis ..............................................................................................28 2.3.1 Scale and Structure.................................................................................................. 30 2.3.2 Texture Measurement..............................................................................................33 CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF MULTISCALE APPROACH.......................................... 38 3.1 Multiscale A pproach .................................................................................................39 3.2 Multiscale Representation of Image D a ta ........................................................42 3.2.1 Pyramid ......................................................................................................................44 3.2.2 Scale-Space ............................................................................................................... 47 3.2.3 Wavelets.....................................................................................................................49 3.3 Multiscale Analysis in Remote Sensing .............................................................. 53 3.3.1 Variogram ..................................................................................................................55 3.3.2 Co-occurrence Matrix ..............................................................................................60 3.3.3 Fractal Geom etry ..................................................................................................... 64 CHAPTER 4 FRACTAL ANALYSIS.............................................................................. 70 4.1 O v e r v ie w ......................................................................................................................... 70 4.2 Fractals .......................................................................................................................... 71 4.3 Fractal D imension ...................................................................................................... 73 4.4 Fractional Brownian Motion ..................................................................................75 4.5 Fractal D imension Estimation .................................................................................77 4.5.1 Box-counting M ethod ..............................................................................................78 4.5.2 Isarithm
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