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Characteristics of the Wave Energy Resouce at the Atlantic Marine UCC Library and UCC researchers have made this item openly available. Please let us know how this has helped you. Thanks! Title Characteristics of the wave energy resource at the Atlantic marine energy test site Author(s) Cahill, Brendan Publication date 2013 Original citation Cahill, B. 2013. Characteristics of the wave energy resource at the Atlantic marine energy test site. PhD Thesis, University College Cork. Type of publication Doctoral thesis Rights © 2013, Brendan Cahill http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Embargo information No embargo required Item downloaded http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1142 from Downloaded on 2019-05-29T21:49:45Z Ionad Taighde Hiodráilice agus Mara, Rionn na hInnealtóireachta Sibhialta agus Timpleallachta, Coláiste na hOllscoile Corcaigh, Éire. Characteristics of the Wave Energy Resource at the Atlantic Marine Energy Test Site Brendan Cahill A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the School of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Ireland, Cork Supervisor: Prof. Tony Lewis, Hydraulics & Maritime Research Centre, Dept. Civil & Environmental Engineering, University College Cork, Ireland. Head of Department: Prof. Alastair Borthwick ABSTRACT The wave energy industry is progressing towards an advanced stage of development, with consideration being given to the selection of suitable sites for the first commercial installations. An informed, and accurate, characterisation of the wave energy resource is an essential aspect of this process. Ireland is exposed to an energetic wave climate, however many features of this resource are not well understood. This thesis assesses and characterises the wave energy resource that has been measured and modelled at the Atlantic Marine Energy Test Site, a facility for conducting sea trials of floating wave energy converters that is being developed near Belmullet, on the west coast of Ireland. This characterisation process is undertaken through the analysis of metocean datasets that have previously been unavailable for exposed Irish sites. A number of commonly made assumptions in the calculation of wave power are contested, and the uncertainties resulting from their application are demonstrated. The relationship between commonly used wave period parameters is studied, and its importance in the calculation of wave power quantified, while it is also shown that a disconnect exists between the sea states which occur most frequently at the site and those that contribute most to the incident wave energy. Additionally, observations of the extreme wave conditions that have occurred at the site and estimates of future storms that devices will need to withstand are presented. The implications of these results for the design and operation of wave energy converters are discussed. The foremost contribution of this thesis is the development of an enhanced understanding of the fundamental nature of the wave energy resource at the Atlantic Marine Energy Test Site. The results presented here also have a wider relevance, and can be considered typical of other, similarly exposed, locations on Ireland’s west coast. i ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would not have been able to complete this PhD thesis without the support of many people. I would like to thank my supervisor, Prof. Tony Lewis, for initially encouraging me to undertake this research and for his enthusiasm and guidance over the past few years. I have been lucky to have been part of a fantastic team at the Hydraulics and Maritime Research Centre. Thanks to my colleagues, past and present, for your camaraderie and inspiring me with your work. I am also grateful to have met many other researchers in the marine renewable energy industry, particularly through the International Network on Offshore Renewable Energy (INORE). It has been a privilege to share some great experiences with you and I look forward to working together again in the future. I wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Irish Research Council for Science Engineering and Technology (IRCSET) and the Science Foundation Ireland Charles Parsons Research Award which funded this PhD. I would also like the Marine Institute and the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) for providing the ocean wave data required for this research. Thanks to my teachers at Tiernaboul National School, St. Brendan’s College and University College Cork. Without your input I could not have made it this far. Thanks to my friends and family for making sure that I never forgot that there is more to life than wave energy! In particular, I am grateful to Niamh and Stephen for giving up their time to proof read this thesis Finally, I would like to thank my parents, Willie and Noreen, for their unwavering support and Claire, for her patience and love, and for keeping me going through the difficult times. iii Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 WAVE ENERGY: HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND FUTURE POTENTIAL .................................................... 1 1.2 WAVE ENERGY IN IRELAND ............................................................................................................ 3 1.3 RESEARCH OUTLINE ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.4 PUBLICATIONS .............................................................................................................................. 10 CHAPTER 2 WAVE MEASUREMENT, DATA ANALYSIS AND WAVE ENERGY RESOURCE ASSESSMENT.. 12 2.1 WAVE MEASUREMENT.................................................................................................................. 12 2.1.1 PARTICLE FOLLOWING BUOYS ........................................................................................................... 13 Measurement Principle ....................................................................................................................... 14 Mooring ............................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.2 PITCH -ROLL -HEAVE BUOYS .............................................................................................................. 16 2.1.3 ALTERNATIVE WAVE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS ..................................................................................... 17 Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers ...................................................................................................... 17 HF Radar Systems ................................................................................................................................ 18 Satellite Measurements....................................................................................................................... 19 Pressure Sensors .................................................................................................................................. 20 Wave Gliders ....................................................................................................................................... 20 Seismic Observation ............................................................................................................................ 21 2.2 WAVE DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS ................................................................................ 21 2.2.1 SPECTRAL ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................ 22 2.2.2 ANALYSIS OF WAVE SPECTRA ............................................................................................................ 26 2.2.3 STANDARD SPECTRAL SHAPES ........................................................................................................... 28 2.2.4 WAVELET ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................ 31 2.2.5 QUALITY CONTROL .......................................................................................................................... 36 2.3 REVIEW OF EXISTING RESOURCE ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERISATION STUDIES ...................... 38 2.3.1 DEFINING THE WAVE ENERGY RESOURCE .............................................................................................. 39 2.3.2 SEA STATE INFLUENCE ON WEC OUTPUT ............................................................................................ 42 2.3.3 HIGH LEVEL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................. 45 2.3.4 DETAILED SITE STUDIES AND RESOURCE CHARACTERISATION ................................................................... 46 2.3.5 CHARACTERISATION OF THE IRISH WAVE ENERGY RESOURCE AND EXISTING KNOWLEDGE GAPS .......................... 47 iv CHAPTER 3 WAVE ENERGY TEST SITES AND MEASURED WAVE DATA ............................................... 49 3.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 49 3.2 GALWAY BAY QUARTER SCALE TEST SITE ...................................................................................... 51 3.2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 51 3.2.2 MEASURED WAVE DATA AT THE GALWAY BAY
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