Land use 9

9.1 Introduction The relevant land in the Port of Darwin is located within an industrial region known as the East Arm Precinct, which is held The geographic area studied for the Draft EIS has been termed under a combination of freehold and leasehold tenures. 9 the EIS Study Area. The EIS Study Area extends beyond the area of mining and minerals processing operations at Olympic Dam Land is required for the proposed expansion and, in some cases, and the Roxby Downs township to take in the land in the wider both land tenure and land use would change. The primary region of South Australia and in Adelaide and Darwin on which criteria used to determine the locations of the expansion it is proposed to establish infrastructure. The EIS Study Area components have been the potential for biodiversity, air quality provides a context for understanding and assessing local and or social impacts (see Chapters 4, Project Alternatives; regional impacts. 13, Greenhouse Gas and Air Quality; 14, Noise and Vibration; 15, Terrestrial Ecology; 16, Marine Environment; and 19, Social This chapter provides a description of the current land tenure Environment). Generally, however, it has been possible to locate and land use within the EIS Study Area; identifies the areas the components so that existing land uses are able to continue. where the construction and operation of the principal components of the proposed expansion would potentially affect A review of the proposed expansion against local and regional existing tenure and uses in South Australia; and provides a statutory planning instruments is provided in Chapter 6, summary of land uses and tenure arrangements relevant to the Legislative Framework. Native title claims and post-mining land Port of Darwin. use are discussed in Chapter 17, Aboriginal Cultural Heritage, and Chapter 23, Rehabilitation and Closure, respectively. Areas of land use change stated in this chapter are based on the total area of affected property allotments and linear infrastructure easement widths rather than the areas of direct 9.2 assessment methods disturbance as cited in Chapter 5, Description of the Proposed Existing land use and tenure within South Australia were Expansion, and assessed in Chapter 15, Terrestrial Ecology. identified by a desktop review of: • previous Olympic Dam EIS documents (Kinhill Stearns-Roger Land use within the South Australian sections of the EIS Study 1982; Kinhill 1997) Area, which comprise 1,339,340 hectares (ha), is predominantly pastoral, with 998,970 ha (74.6% of the EIS Study Area) • relevant local government development plans dedicated to stock grazing. Other uses include conservation, • aerial photographs defence, residential and mining (see Section 9.3). • land use data from the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation Correspondingly, land tenure within the South Australian sections • information from Geosciences Australia and Atlas SA of the EIS Study Area is predominantly Crown pastoral leases (71.6%), with smaller areas held under freehold, Crown and • the Department of Planning and Local Government, Commonwealth tenure (see Section 9.4). BHP Billiton currently the Lands Titles Office and the Department of Defence holds leasehold or freehold title over approximately 214,600 ha • BHP Billiton databases of their existing landholdings (16% of the EIS Study Area), including the Olympic Dam Special (freehold, leases and easements). Mining Lease (SML), which comprises 17,800 ha (1.3%).

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 251 South Australian tenure and zoning information was obtained Land use types in the South Australian sections of the EIS Study from Atlas SA, the Lands Titles Office and the Department of Area are shown in Figures 9.1 and 9.2 and are listed below in Planning and Local Government. descending order of land area covered within the EIS Study Area (see also Table 9.1): Land use and land tenure information for the Northern Territory • pastoral activities was obtained from the Northern Territory Government • conservation reserves (Department of Planning and Infrastructure, the Land Title Office and NT Atlas). • defence activities • mining The accuracy of the information obtained by the desktop review • typical land uses associated with regional townships was tested during numerous field visits and two helicopter (i.e. residential, commercial, industrial, utilities, agricultural, reconnaissances of the EIS Study Area undertaken as part of the institutional, recreation and other services) assessment of other environmental, social and cultural • transport and communication (i.e. roads, rail lines and disciplines. Field studies in July 2006 and September 2007 were utilities). also undertaken to define land use in parts of the EIS Study Area that had not been confirmed in previous surveys. The stakeholder consultation and engagement program was also 9.3.1 Pastoral land used to assist in identifying current land use and potential Approximately 70% of South Australia consists of pastoral land impacts from the proposed expansion. that supports stock grazing in relatively low numbers. About three quarters of the EIS Study Area (approximately 1,000,000 ha; see Table 9.1) is used for pastoral purposes (including Crown 9.3 existing land use pastoral leases and freehold land), with sheep and cattle being The land required for the proposed storage and handling of the the dominant stock. Olympic Dam concentrate would be located entirely within the Port of Darwin, East Arm (see Appendix E4). The area Pastoral leases north of the Dog Fence graze cattle; leases surrounding the proposed site is an industrial region known as south of the Dog Fence predominantly graze sheep and/or the East Arm Precinct, which is approximately 4 km from the cattle. Figures 9.3 and 9.4 show the names and locations of Stuart Highway. pastoral stations and the position of the Dog Fence boundary in relation to the Olympic Dam operation and the EIS Study Area.

Table 9.1 Land use within the EIS Study Area

Land use type Area (ha) Percentage of EIS Study Area Pastoral/grazing Total1 998,970 74.6 Including BHP Billiton pastoral leases 192,800 14.4 Conservation and managed resource Total 229,530 17.1 protection areas Including Arid Recovery 8,500 0.6 Strzelecki Regional Reserve 125,600 9.4 Lake Eyre National Park 5 0.0004 Defence Total 23,315 1.7 Cultana Training Area 18,685 1.4 Woomera township 4,630 0.3 Township uses Total 17,225 1.3 Residential 4,875 0.4 Services and utilities2 12,350 0.9 Mining (Olympic Dam SML) 16,9253 1.3 Transport and communication 13,615 1 Other minimal use 1,445 0.1 Water bodies (marine waters, estuaries, lakes, rivers) 38,315 2.9 Total 1,339,340 100

1 Woomera Prohibited Area within the EIS Study Area (excluding Woomera township) is used for pastoral purposes. 2 Services and utilities include commercial, recreational, institutional and industrial land uses. 3 The SML covers 17,800 ha in total and includes 875 ha of Arid Recovery.

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as io cipalit ch ke at trz Le Rese Regiona S ecia an uni st La r Bl ng Sp s M ni sso m Mi ne re li ea c Da Down pe ar pi alignment options ecial comp pi by ea e s s ym on Sp Ar ti lin d ga ga Ol Rox va pe udy ng ng ng ng er nde pi ti ti ti ti St s is is pa is is S ons Ex Ex Ga C Ex Ex Ex EI 9 y or ke owie eg La Gr pe rn Mu ndhurst Ly ee rr Ma ngs Moomba de ri ai ta rk el e Sp ri s Ad Pi re s ugus

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a alignment options ook ook ook e ndam ndam ndam ry A A lin A ve id pe C 2 3 1 Ar pi C C C PI s PI PI PI Reco DAM DAM on on on DAM DAM YM YM YM Ga ti ti ti YM OL OL OL OL Op Op Op Figure Land 9.1 use within the gas pipeline corridor options

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 253 Arid Moomba Recovery

OLYMPIC Andamooka DAM Roxby Downs See Figures 9.9 and 9.16 Port Augusta Roxby Downs See Figures 9.14 Whyalla and 9.21 Port Pirie

Adelaide

Lake Torrens See Figure 9.18 Woomera Lake Windabout Pimba

Island Pernatty Lagoon Lagoon

Landing facility Desalination plant Lake Gas pipeline alignment options Dutton Water pipeline alignment Lake Rail alignment MacFarlane Transmission line alignments Access corridor Cultana Training Area Woomera Prohibited Area Expanded Special Mining Lease Existing Olympic Dam Special Mining Lease Existing Roxby Downs Municipality EIS Study Area See Figure 9.12 Land use Port Grazing / natural vegetation Augusta Managed resource protection Manufacturing and industrial Mining See Figure 9.20 Nature conservation Residential Services / commercial Transport and communication See Figure 9.17 Other minimal use Vacant Salt lake Point Estuary / coastal waters Lowly Whyalla Defence 01020304050 Recreation km

Figure 9.2 Land use within the southern corridor

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YM na Rox li OL Roxby og fe Whyalla Ka D lla Bi Figure 9.3 Pastoral stations within the gas pipeline corridor options

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 255 Stuarts Moomba Billa Kalina Mulgaria Creek

Dog fence

OLYMPIC DAM Roxby Downs

Andamooka

Port Augusta

Whyalla

Roxby Downs Port Pirie

Andamooka Roxby Downs Adelaide

Purple Downs

Arcoona Lake Torrens

Woomera Lake Windabout Pimba

Pernatty Island Pernatty Lagoon Lagoon

Oakden Hills South Gap

Kootaberra

Hesso Yudnapinna

Mount Arden

Cariewerloo Cariewerloo Landing facility Desalination plant Dog fence Myall Illeroo Port Augusta Gas pipeline alignment options Creek Water pipeline alignment Adjacent Olympic Dam - SA Government Pandurra water pipeline alignments Rail alignment Lincoln Transmission line alignments Park Access corridor Roopena Tregalana Pastoral stations owned by BHP Billiton EIS Study Area outside pastoral stations Expanded Special Mining Lease Existing Olympic Dam Special Mining Lease Whyalla Point Lowly Existing Roxby Downs Municipality 01020304050 EIS Study Area km

Figure 9.4 Pastoral stations within the southern corridor

256 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 Plate 9.1 Stuarts Creek pastoral station 9

BHP Billiton holds four pastoral leases (in total approximately 1,153,000 ha) surrounding the Olympic Dam operation: Roxby Downs, Purple Downs, Andamooka and Stuarts Creek (see Figures 9.3 and 9.4). All four stations run cattle, while Purple Downs and Stuarts Creek (see Plate 9.1) also run sheep and camels, respectively. Kangaroos are harvested for human consumption at all four BHP Billiton stations under permits obtained from the South Australian Department for Environment and Heritage (DEH).

9.3.2 conservation and other reserves Conservation and nature reserves in the Olympic Dam region and within the EIS Study Area are shown in Figures 9.5 and 9.6. Those of most relevance to the proposed Olympic Dam Plate 9.2 Arid Recovery showing rabbit, cat and fox-proof expansion are discussed below. fence

Arid Recovery Arid Recovery is a joint conservation initiative between BHP Billiton, the South Australian Department for Environment and Heritage, the University of Adelaide and the Friends of Arid Recovery. It was established in 1997 to reintroduce threatened species into the semi-arid rangelands and to investigate the potential impacts of a mining operation on these species. It covers 8,600 ha (86 km2), including parts of the Olympic Dam SML and the Billa Kalina, Mulgaria, Stuarts Creek and Roxby Downs pastoral leases. The latter two leases are held by BHP Billiton.

Arid Recovery is an area enclosed by a rabbit, cat and fox-proof fence from which stock and feral animals have been removed (see Plates 9.2 and 9.3). The long-term goal of Arid Recovery is Plate 9.3 Arid Recovery landscape to control introduced predator and feral pest numbers across the Olympic Dam region so that the fence becomes redundant, allowing habitat to regenerate and creating an opportunity for threatened fauna species to thrive throughout the area.

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 257 e eas km L 0 l ki ng e y ba 05 ni ec rv el e Mi e l 04 as rv cipalit trz Rese Regiona S Moom Le se ecia uni 03 Re ng Sp s M ni nd m 02 Mi k a e c Da Down 01 rv Par pi alignment options ecial ea by se rk e ym on Sp Ar e Re ti

lin d Ol Rox l Pa rv al va pe udy ng ng ki er nde on pi ona ti ti St s ti ec gi e pa is is S ons el ch Ga Na Re C Ex Ex Ex EI ake an trz L S Bl Regional Rese nges on Ra rk Pa

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OL Roxby Whyalla Figure 9.5 Conservation areas within the gas pipeline corridor options

258 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 Arid Moomba Recovery

Roxby Downs

OLYMPIC Andamooka DAM Port Augusta

Whyalla Roxby Downs Port Pirie

See inset Adelaide

Lake Torrens National Park Ediacara Conservation Reserve

Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary

Woomera Lake Mutton Cove Barker Inlet - Windabout Conservation Reserve St Kilda Pimba Aquatic Reserve Torrens Island 9 Conservation Park Island Lagoon Pernatty Lagoon

Berths Copper handling 18 to 20 and freight facility Sulphur handling facility Inset Existing facilities Outer Harbor used by BHP Billiton

The Dutchmans Stern Conservation Park

Mount Brown Landing facility Port Conservation Park Desalination plant Pre-assembly Augusta yard Gas pipeline alignment options Winninowie Water pipeline alignment Conservation Park Adjacent Olympic Dam - SA Government Blanche Harbour- water pipeline alignments Douglas Bank Yatala Harbor Rail alignment Transmission line alignments Access corridor Whyalla Dolphin Sanctuary Conservation Mount Aquatic Reserve Park Point Remarkable National Park Lowly Whyalla National Park Conservation Park and Reserve Telowie Gorge Expanded Special Mining Lease Conservation Park Existing Olympic Dam Special Mining Lease Whyalla Existing Roxby Downs Municipality Cowleds Landing 01020304050 EIS Study Area km

Figure 9.6 Conservation areas within the southern corridor

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 259 Strzelecki Regional Reserve The Strzelecki Regional Reserve is located approximately 275 km north-east of the Olympic Dam SML and comprises an area of approximately 814,200 ha.

Lake Eyre National Park Lake Eyre National Park is approximately 180 km north-east of the SML and covers an area of 1,351,340 ha.

Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary The Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary (ADS) covers 11,800 ha within the upper reaches of the Port Adelaide River, the Barker Inlet and Gulf St Vincent. The ADS also includes the Mutton Cove Plate 9.4 Aerial view of Woomera township coastal reserve and the Torrens Island and Port Gawler Conservation Parks. BHP Billiton’s existing port facilities are located adjacent to the ADS (see Figure 9.6).

9.3.3 defence activities Defence establishments in the vicinity of the EIS Study Area include the Woomera Prohibited Area and the Cultana Training Area (see Figure 9.7).

Woomera Prohibited Area (WPA) The WPA is declared under regulation 35 of the Defence Force Regulations 1952 (Commonwealth) as an area for ‘the testing of war material’. It is an instrumented air weapons test and evaluation range used for a variety of purposes, including rocket testing. The WPA occupies an area of approximately Plate 9.5 Cultana Training Area 12.2 million ha and extends from the Woomera township to just south of Coober Pedy, with the south-eastern corner approximately 450 km north-north-west of Adelaide. The Australian Army uses the CTA for training, and wheeled and tracked vehicle manoeuvres. With the additional land, it could As shown in Figure 9.7, the boundary of the WPA abuts the also be used for major armoured and mechanised exercises southern extent of the Roxby Downs Municipality, and is previously undertaken only in the north of Australia. approximately 6 km from the edge of the existing SML. The South Australian Government holds the tenure to the eastern 9.3.4 mIning and energy two-thirds of the WPA. Most of this area is leased as pastoral The Gawler Craton-Stuart Shelf geological region, in which stations, including Billa Kalina and Arcoona stations and the Olympic Dam is located, contains significant mineral resources. BHP Billiton-held Roxby Downs and Purple Downs stations. In recent years, mineral exploration of the region has intensified. Figure 9.8 shows the areas of South Australia under The Woomera township (see Plate 9.4) and airbase are held by mining exploration leases and the State’s major mine sites. the Commonwealth and are in the south-east of the WPA, approximately 90 km south of Olympic Dam. From a peak Along with Olympic Dam, other significant mining areas in population of about 6,000 during the 1960s, Woomera’s northern South Australia include Coober Pedy and Andamooka population has declined to about 300. Between 1999 and 2003, (opals) (see Plate 9.6), Beverley and Honeymoon (uranium), the the Department of Immigration’s Woomera Reception and Cooper Basin (gas), Prominent Hill (copper) and Leigh Creek Processing Centre was located on the outskirts of the town. (coal and zinc oxide). Mining and exploration in the region is expected to continue well into the future. Cultana Training Area (CTA) The CTA is north-east of Whyalla, approximately 10 km west of The Olympic Dam mining facilities and metallurgical plant are Port Augusta (see Figure 9.7 and Plate 9.5). It occupies located on freehold land held by BHP Billiton and held as an approximately 48,000 ha, although the Department of Defence SML, which covers approximately 17,800 ha, which includes plans to at least double its size by acquiring adjoining pastoral 875 ha of Arid Recovery (see Figure 9.9 and Section 9.5). properties to the west (see Figure 9.7).

260 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 Coober Moomba Pedy OLYMPIC AndamookWooma era DAM Prohibited OLYMPIC Area DAM Roxby Downs Roxby Downs Woomera See inset Port Augusta

Woomera Prohibited Area Adelaide

Port Augusta 9 Woomera

Landing facility Desalination plant Pimba Proposed Cultana Gas pipeline alignment options expansion Water pipeline alignment Cultana Adjacent Olympic Dam - SA Government Training water pipeline alignments Island Area Lagoon Rail alignment Pernatty Lagoon Point Transmission line alignment Whyalla Access corridor Inset Lowly Cultana Training Area Proposed Cultana expansion Woomera Prohibited Area Expanded Special Mining Lease Existing Olympic Dam Special Mining Lease Existing Roxby Downs Municipality 0510 15 20 25 EIS Study Area km

Figure 9.7 Defence lands associated with the study area

Most of the EIS Study Area outside the SML is covered by mining exploration leases. Exploration leases immediately surrounding the SML are held by BHP Billiton (see Figure 9.8). Most of the other mining leases within the EIS Study Area are in areas traversed by infrastructure corridors.

The existing SML is surrounded by a number of geothermal exploration leases, portions of which would be located within the boundaries of the expanded SML (see Figure 9.8).

A proposal has been approved for the establishment of a wind farm at Lincoln Gap, which is north of the Eyre Highway adjacent to the Cultana Training Area, approximately 15 km south-west of Port Augusta (see Figure 9.8).

Plate 9.6 Opal fields in Andamooka

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 261 Lambina

Cooper Basin

Coober Pedy Prominent Hill

Beverley

Gawler Craton Olympic Dam Eucla Basin See inset 1 Leigh Creek

Lincoln Gap Honeymoon wind farm See inset 2

Flinders Island

Spencer Gulf Gulf St ADELAIDE Inset 1 Vincent

OLYMPIC DAM Andamooka

Andamooka Proclaimed Precious Stones Field

Port Inset 2 Augusta Lincoln Gap wind farm

Landing facility Mining lease Desalination plant Exploration lease Operating mine Proclaimed Precious Stones Field Prospect Geothermal Exploration Licence Wind farm Expanded Special Mining Lease Water pipeline alignment Existing Olympic Dam Adjacent Olympic Dam - SA Special Mining Lease Government water pipeline Existing Roxby Downs Municipality alignments EIS Study Area Transmission line alignments Access corridor Point Lowly 050100 150200 250 km

Figure 9.8 Mining and energy activity in South Australia

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u z a r S i nu f v n s s t t n c s c a ili t i i r l oo m a i a a r a e e x x e r a W E E EI S N G M R S U t T M S R V ng l a i t s i x Figure 9.9 Existing land use around the Olympic Dam Special Mining Lease E

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 263 9.3.5 township land uses 9.4.1 Leasehold land Existing land uses in township and built-up areas within the Pastoral leases over Crown land are held by individuals or EIS Study Area are varied, with combinations of residential, companies in accordance with the Pastoral Land Management industrial, commercial, services and utilities, institutional and Conservation Act 1989. BHP Billiton holds four pastoral (including education), conservation and recreation areas. leases (see Section 9.3.1) that cover 1,153,000 ha in total.

Changes in land use associated with components of the 9.4.2 state or Crown land proposed expansion are anticipated in and around the following Land held by the South Australian Government (excluding townships and built-up areas (see Section 9.7): pastoral leases) is typically associated with pastoral activities, • Roxby Downs towns and residential areas, roads and other infrastructure, • Woomera and Pimba industry, institutions and conservation areas. The Finniss Springs Aboriginal Land, located approximately 75 km north- • Port Augusta east of the Olympic Dam SML (see Figures 9.3 and 9.10) is • Point Lowly Crown land held by the Aboriginal Lands Trust and used for • Port Adelaide pastoral purposes. The Finniss Springs Aboriginal Land covers • Darwin. a total of 272,410 ha.

9.4.3 freehold land 9.4 existing land tenure BHP Billiton holds approximately 1.6% of the freehold land in Land tenure at the proposed site for the BHP Billiton facilities at the EIS Study Area (including the SML); the balance of freehold the Port of Darwin is currently a combination of Crown leases land (i.e. 7.6% of the EIS Study Area) is held by local and freehold industrial allotments held by various parties. government, individuals and companies.

The South Australian sections of the EIS Study Area includes the 9.4.4 commonwealth land following major tenure types that are listed in descending order Land held by the Australian Government (Commonwealth land) of land area coverage (as shown in Figures 9.10 and 9.11, and accounts for approximately 29,860 ha (2.2%) of the EIS Study summarised in Table 9.2): Area. Commonwealth land in the vicinity of the project • pastoral leasehold (held under pastoral leases from the components includes the WPA, CTA and land held by the Crown) Australian Rail Track Corporation Ltd. • Crown or South Australian Government land (other than pastoral leases) • freehold land (including local government land) • Commonwealth land (see Section 9.4.4).

Table 9.2 Land tenure within the EIS Study Area

Tenure type Area (ha) Percentage of EIS Study Area Total 959,185 71.6 Pastoral leasehold BHP Billiton pastoral 192,800 14.4 Other parties 766,390 57.2 South Australian Government1 199,815 14.9 Total 124,250 9.3 SML 17,800 1.35 Freehold land Other BHP Billiton 3,000 0.25 Local Government 1,700 0.1 Other parties 101,750 7.6 Total 29,865 2.2 Commonwealth land Defence 21,650 1.6 Other 8,215 0.6 Roads 9,390 0.7 Marine/estuary areas 16,835 1.3 Total 1,339,340 100

1 Excluding Crown pastoral leases and including lakes and inland rivers.

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Ar C Roxby Reco PI Whyalla DAM YM OL Figure Land 9.10 tenure associated within the gas pipeline corridor options

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 265 Moomba

OLYMPIC Andamooka Roxby Downs DAM

Roxby Downs Port Augusta See inset Lake Whyalla Torrens Port Pirie

Adelaide

Woomera Lake Windabout Pimba

Island Lagoon Pernatty Lagoon

Inset Roxby Downs

Gas pipeline alignment options Water pipeline alignment Rail alignment Transmission line alignment Access corridor Woomera Prohibited Area Cultana Training Area Expanded Special Mining Lease Existing Olympic Dam Special Mining Lease Existing Roxby Downs Municipality EIS Study Area Port Augusta Land tenure BHP Billiton BHP Billiton - easement BHP Billiton - Special Mining Lease Commonwealth - Australian Rail Track Corporation Commonwealth - Cultana Training Area Commonwealth - Woomera Crown leasehold Crown leasehold - BHP Billiton Point Freehold Lowly Whyalla Local Government 0 10 20 30 40 50 State km

Figure 9.11 Land tenure within the southern corridor

266 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 9.5 existing operation 9.5.3 eLectricity supply The existing Olympic Dam operation is described in Chapter 2, Most of the land occupied by the electricity supply corridor Existing Operation. Existing infrastructure is located on a traverses freehold land held by BHP Billiton and leased to other number of different properties and passes through numerous parties for pastoral purposes (see Figure 9.11). The remainder of land holdings. The land use and tenure arrangements for the the electricity supply corridor is within easements granted to existing operation are summarised below and in Table 9.3. BHP Billiton over freehold land held by other parties for various uses (see Figure 9.12). 9.5.1 mIning and metallurgical activities 9.5.4 transport infrastructure The Olympic Dam mining and metallurgical facilities are located on freehold land held by BHP Billiton as an SML, which covers Rail transport approximately 17,800 ha. Rail transport is currently limited to transferring uranium oxide from BHP Billiton storage facilities at Port Adelaide (see below) Just over 10% (875 ha) of Arid Recovery is situated within the to the Port of Darwin for export, via the existing Adelaide to Olympic Dam SML (see Figures 9.6 and 9.9), with the remainder Darwin rail network. situated on the neighbouring pastoral leases of Billa Kalina, Stuarts Creek and Andamooka, the latter two of which are held Road transport by BHP Billiton. All major commodities are currently transported in and out of the operation by road, via Olympic Way and the Stuart Highway. 9.5.2 Water supply

The two wellfields that provide the primary supply of water to Borefield Road currently extends from near the existing Olympic Olympic Dam and Roxby Downs are located approximately 120 Dam desalination plant towards the borefields north of the SML 9 km and 200 km north of the operation on Stuarts Creek pastoral (see Figure 9.9). station. Water from these wellfields is treated at the existing desalination plant within the SML (see Figure 9.9).

Table 9.3 Land use and tenure for the existing operation

Component Area (ha) Land use Tenure Port of Darwin 6 Temporary storage and export of uranium oxide Toll distribution terminal, East Arm SML 17,800 Underground mining Freehold (BHP Billiton) Metallurgical processing Quarry Storage of solid and liquid wastes (TSF) Storage of solid wastes (landfill) Sewage treatment Water treatment and storage Supply of electricity (substation) Buffer areas (vegetation/habitat) Conservation (Arid Recovery - part) Electricity supply 2,710 Electricity transmission line Freehold (BHP Billiton and others) Pastoral/grazing

Olympic Dam Airport 63 Airport Freehold (BHP Billiton) Roxby Downs 258 Residential Crown Land licensed to BHP Billiton Commercial and various freehold and leased landholdings Human services Light industrial Utilities (water, sewerage, electricity) Waste management (landfill) Institutional Recreation Conservation Olympic Dam Village 73 Contractor accommodation Crown land licensed to BHP Billiton Heavy industry area and freehold land (petrol station) Petrol station Port Adelaide 18 Copper handling facility Freehold and Crown land (leased to Temporary storage of uranium oxide BHP Billiton) Cargo berth Sulphur handling facility

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 267 Rail Port Augusta to (1 75 Pi mb km a )

Whyalla

St Port Pirie ua to rt Ol Hi ympi ghw (2 45 c ay km Da ) m

Pre-assembly yard

lla ya Port Augusta Wh ) to km 5 to Adelaide (7 Rail Rail (295 km) Port Augusta Airport

Pr ince to s Hi Ad ghw (2 el Landing facility 95 ai ay Davenport km de Water pipeline alignment Sh substation ) ac Transmission line alignment k Roa Northern Access corridor power stations d Existing transmission line Cultana Training Area EIS Study Area Land use Nature conservation Other minimal use Grazing / natural vegetation Residential Services / commercial See Figure 9.20 Utilities Transport and communication Mining Cultana Upper Spencer Gulf Estuary/coastal waters Training Area Defence Recreation 00.5 11.5 22.5 Vacant km

Figure 9.12 Existing and proposed land use around Port Augusta

268 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 Port facilities BHP Billiton leases two sites in Port Adelaide for intermediate storage and handling purposes (see Figure 9.13 and Chapter 2, Existing Operation). Waterfront land is leased for a copper handling and freight facility and a dedicated cargo berth. This land is also used for the transfer of uranium oxide from Port Adelaide to Darwin. Land 1.5 km to the east of this site is leased for the storage and handling of imported sulphur.

The existing port facilities are immediately surrounded by industrial land, with commercial and residential uses in the Plate 9.7 Olympic Dam Village and airport broader area. The Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary is located adjacent to the existing port facilities (see Figures 9.6 and 9.13).

Uranium oxide is transferred by rail from Port Adelaide to third- party freight loading facilities at the Port of Darwin prior to export overseas. The uranium oxide is transported by rail to the Berrimah Freight Terminal, and is immediately transferred by road to the Toll distribution terminal at East Arm for short-term storage in a secure, dedicated facility. The uranium oxide is then transported by road from the Toll terminal to the East Arm wharf for loading onto an export vessel. 9 Airport Plate 9.8 Olympic Dam Airport terminal The Olympic Dam Airport covers an area of 63 ha (see Figures 9.9 and 9.14, and Plates 9.7 and 9.8) and is held by BHP Billiton as a freehold title within the Roxby Downs Municipality.

9.5.5 township and accommodation Roxby Downs The Roxby Downs township (see Figure 9.14) currently occupies approximately 260 ha and is situated within the Roxby Downs Municipality, which covers approximately 11,000 ha of mostly vacant land (see Figure 9.9). The Municipality is located on Crown land occupied by BHP Billiton under the terms of the occupational licences granted to it by the South Australian Parliament under the Crown Lands Act 1929 and pursuant to the Plate 9.9 Residential development in Roxby Downs Indenture. As part of the development of the town, land has been excised from these occupational licences (under the terms of the Indenture) and granted various forms of tenure (including freehold) by the Crown. Land uses in Roxby Downs include residential, commercial, industrial, public institution (principally human services and education) and recreation (see Plates 9.9 to 9.13).

Olympic Dam Village The existing Olympic Dam Village covers an area of 73 ha (see Figure 9.14). Olympic Dam Village consists of temporary accommodation for BHP Billiton employees and contract workers (known as Olympic Village, see Plate 9.14), as well as the Charlton Road heavy industrial area (which includes mine- Plate 9.10 Commercial area of Roxby Downs related workshops) and a petrol station (currently held under private freehold title).

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 269 Port Augusta

Whyalla Port Pirie

Proposed sulphur Map handling facility extent Outer Harbor

Adelaide

LeFevre Peninsula

North Haven

Torrens Island

Garden Gulf St Vincent Island

Police Academy

r e iv R e Largs Bay id a l e d A

t r o P

Copper handling and freight facility

Existing facilities Berths 18 to 20 Sulphur handling used by BHP Billiton facility Torrens Island Conservation Park Mutton Cove Conservation Reserve Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary Barker Inlet - St Kilda Aquatic Reserve Existing land use Manufacturing and industrial Port Adelaide Residential Services / commercial / other industry 00.2 0.40.6 0.81 Other minimal use km

Figure 9.13 Existing and proposed land use at Port Adelaide and Outer Harbor

270 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 Existing Olympic Dam Special Mining Lease Olympic Village Petrol station Existing Roxby Downs Municipality and airport Existing land use Nature conservation Grazing / natural vegetation Manufacturing and industrial Residential Industrial area Services / commercial Utilities Transport and communication Mining Salt lake Recreation Vacant

9

00.2 0.40.6 0.81 km

Figure 9.14 Existing land use around Roxby Downs

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 271 9.6 design modifications to protect environmental values Roxby Downs township The area required for the proposed expansion of the Roxby Downs township has been assessed through the development of the Roxby Downs Draft Master Plan, which centres the township expansion on the existing town centre and locates the various components of the township (e.g. residential, light industrial, recreational and educational areas) within existing or expanded land use precincts. Where practicable, areas of higher ecological value have been retained as public open space areas.

Plate 9.11 Light industry precinct in Roxby Downs Infrastructure corridors Land use along the proposed infrastructure corridors are shown in Figures 9.1 and 9.2. Wherever practicable, linear infrastructure (e.g. the rail line, gas pipeline, electricity transmission lines, access corridor and water supply pipeline) would be located adjacent to existing infrastructure to maximise the use of existing access tracks and reduce habitat fragmentation. Figure 9.15 shows the location of the proposed linear infrastructure elements, providing cross-sections at three indicative locations along the corridor.

The gas and water supply pipelines would be buried for the majority of their length, which would allow the current land uses in these corridors to continue.

Plate 9.12 Roxby Downs Area School 9.7 Impact assessment and management Previous sections have detailed land use and tenure in areas occupied by the existing operation. The proposed expansion would require changes to land use and tenure in some of these areas, and would also introduce new infrastructure to additional areas. The following section discusses and illustrates the required changes (see Table 9.4).

9.7.1 mIning and metallurgical activities Olympic Dam Special Mining Lease (SML) The proposed expansion, with the introduction of a new open pit mine, a rock storage facility (RSF) and an increased area for tailings storage, would require an increase to the SML from 17,800 ha to approximately 49,700 ha (see Figure 9.16).

Plate 9.13 Roxby Downs Swimming Centre The western boundary of the expanded SML would align with the eastern boundary of the Woomera Prohibited Area, while the northern area of the SML would continue to include, but not extend further into, Arid Recovery (see Figure 9.16).

The proposed expansion of the SML would require an excision of land from the BHP Billiton-held Andamooka and Roxby Downs pastoral leases, which would result in a change in tenure from pastoral lease to freehold, and in a permanent change in land use from pastoral to mining. The reduction in land available for these pastoral leases affected by the proposed SML extension (approximately 7.6% of the combined total area of Andamooka and Roxby Downs stations) may result in reduced Plate 9.14 Olympic Village temporary contractor accommodation stocking numbers on these stations.

272 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 50 m 70 m 130 m 320 m 135 m

Viewed LOCATION 1 W north E

365 m 160 m 8 km 130 m 50 m 70 m

Viewed LOCATION 2 W north E 9

40 m 260 m 140 m 1 km 200 m 360 m 260 m

Viewed LOCATION 3 W north E

OLYMPIC DAM

Existing infrastructure Roxby Downs

275 kV transmission line

Location 1 132 kV transmission line

Rail

Water pipeline

Santos liquid fuels pipeline

Road

Proposed infrastructure Location 2

275 kV double circuit Water pipeline alignment transmission line Port Augusta Transmission line alignment Rail Rail alignment Location 3 Existing Olympic Dam Water pipeline Special Mining Lease Existing Roxby Downs Municipality Whyalla EIS Study Area Port Cross-section location map Pirie

Figure 9.15 Indicative separation distances of proposed linear infrastructure

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 273 Table 9.4 Land use change as a result of proposed expansion

Project component Current land use Change in land use (ha) Per cent of Construction Operation EIS Study Area Mining and metallurgical operations Expanded Special Mining Lease Pastoral 31,900 31,900 2.38 Vacant Water supply Desalination plant (including temporary laydown yard, intake and outfall pipes Vacant 41 21 0.002 and pump stations) Water supply pipeline Pastoral 1,450 10 0.0004 (outside expanded SML) Defence Electricity transmission line Road corridor 15 8 0.0006 Electricity supply

Electricity transmission line (Port Augusta Electricity corridor 337 85 0.006 to Olympic Dam), including temporary storage depots and winching sites Pastoral

Gas pipeline, including pipe stacking sites, Pastoral Option 1 1,318 253 0.019 mainline valves, compressor stations and temporary construction camps (outside Reserve Option 2 1,194 229 0.017 expanded SML) Option 3 1,6951 326 0.024 Transport Rail line (outside expanded SML) Pastoral 273 91 0.007 Pimba intermodal facility Pastoral 50 50 0.004 Industrial Access corridor from landing facility Pastoral 55 50 0.004 to Stuart Highway Defence Industrial Pre-assembly yard Industrial 25 25 0.002 Passing bays Road corridor 12 12 0.001 Pastoral Borrow pits Pastoral 20 0 0 Borefield Road relocation Pastoral 65 60 0.0045 Outer Harbor Industrial 20 20 0.002 Port of Darwin Industrial 16 16 0.0012 Landing facility and quarantine yard Vacant 3 3 Residential 0.0003 Airport Pastoral 105 105 0.008 Township and accommodation Roxby Downs township Vacant 465 465 0.035 Hiltaba Village Pastoral 60 60 0.0045 Services corridor to Hiltaba Village Road corridor 115 13 0.007 and airport Heavy industrial area Vacant 73 73 0.0055 Total1 36,795 33,393 2.5 Total1 excluding SML 4,895 1,493 0.11

1 Totals include Option 3 gas pipeline.

274 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 km 45 0123 d t d d por r an ai d a e d ab ag Relocate lt ill nde V Borefield Roa Hi pa Relocate ex e nc ty ea li tena ar

in faci al

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i

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ni uni l ge d cipali ig ia Mi gnm on te rc l ve ti uni e al bi and industr ali M va t lin ecial alignment options s ohi ng ne ea er mme en li e ri e Sp l Pr and comm on ns Ar wn n tu us t pe a si d lin ia / co io is co s pi Do gnm ac er nt pe nd r udy y ie re nde ing / natura ng sm spor eat pi ices de lake St te nuf la s tu xb ni il ali si cr cant az ilit pa rv lt oom an an S ed Ga Wa Ra Tr W Ex Ro EI Na Gr Ma Re Se Ut Tr Mi Sa Re Va opos Figure Proposed 9.16 land use around Olympic Dam Pr

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 275 The proposed SML extension would also occupy approximately Energy generation 3,400 ha of the Roxby Downs Municipality, which would result The alignment of the proposed water supply pipeline traverses in changes to land use and tenure in the Olympic Dam Village approximately 3.5 km of the southern boundary of the proposed (see Figure 9.16 and Section 9.7.6). Lincoln Gap wind farm site (see Figure 9.8), and would not have an impact on its development or operation. All other Exploration leases – mining and geothermal components of the proposed expansion would be located at Mining exploration leases covering the SML and Roxby Downs distances greater than 5 km from the proposed wind farm site. Municipality (see Figure 9.8) are held by BHP Billiton (see Section 9.3.4). Other mining leases within the EIS Study Area 9.7.2 ARID RECOVERY cover the proposed locations of the desalination plant, pre- The existing footprint of Arid Recovery would not change as assembly yard, Pimba intermodal facility, and areas traversed by a result of the proposed expansion (see Figure 9.16) and, as infrastructure corridors. Activities associated with the proposed such, there would be no change to tenure or land use. The expansion are not expected to significantly affect these leases. proposed relocation of Borefield Road (see Section 9.7.5) would maintain public access to Arid Recovery and townships north of The SML is surrounded by a number of geothermal exploration Olympic Dam. leases (see Figure 9.8 and Section 9.3.4). The expanded SML would occupy land within four geothermal exploration leases 9.7.3 WATER SUPPLY (jointly held by Green Heat Resources Pty Ltd and Green Rock Desalination plant, intake and outfall pipes Geothermal Pty Ltd) that cover an area of approximately 170,000 ha. The expansion of the SML would affect 31,900 ha The proposed site of the desalination plant is currently vacant (18.7%) of these leases. The expanded SML would also affect Crown land, zoned for industrial purposes (see Figure 9.17), over 75 ha of a mining exploration lease held by Tasman Resources NL. which BHP Billiton would seek to obtain freehold title. The area would be approximately 21 ha. During construction, a temporary The proposed linear infrastructure corridors would not have a laydown yard of approximately 12 ha would also be required. significant impact on geothermal exploration leases. Land adjacent to the proposed site includes vacant Crown land to the north, east and west, and the Port Bonython hydrocarbon facility (see Plate 9.15) to the south. Coastal residences (both permanent and short-term vacation) are located within 1 km of the site. The Point Lowly Lighthouse Complex (see Figure 9.17 and Plate 9.16) is located within 3 km of the site (see Chapter 18, Non-Aboriginal Cultural Heritage, for details).

There are also marine uses in the area, including aquaculture leases (kingfish cages), located approximately 3 km north in Fitzgerald Bay (see Figure 9.17 and Plate 9.17). These cages are towed to the lease areas as shown in Figure 9.17; this marine use would continue during the construction and operation phases of the desalination plant.

Plate 9.15 Santos Oil Storage and Processing Plant and coastal residences at Point Lowly

Plate 9.17 Aquaculture cage in Fitzgerald Bay

Plate 9.16 Point Lowly Lighthouse and Santos facilities

276 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 Port Augusta

Pre-assembly yard Port Augusta

Whyalla

Port Pirie

See Figure 9.12

See Figure 9.20

Inset Desalination plant Proposed desalination plant Pump station 9 Santos facilities

Port Bonython Jetty

00.5 1 km Cultana substation

Point Lowly

See inset Landing facility EIS Study Area Whyalla Desalination plant Land use Preferred intake pipe alignment Nature conservation Preferred outfall pipe alignment Other minimal use Water pipeline alignment to Olympic Dam Grazing / natural vegetation Adjacent Olympic Dam - SA Government Residential pipeline to existing network Services / commercial Rail alignment Transport and communication Transmission line alignments Mining Access corridor Lake Aquaculture Leases / Licences Estuary/coastal waters Point Lowly Lighthouse Complex Defence Cultana Training Area 0246810 Recreation km

Figure 9.17 Existing and proposed land use around Point Lowly

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 277 The land use at the proposed site would change to accommodate CTA for approximately 9 km and would traverse the proposed CTA the desalination plant; this change would be in keeping with expansion area for approximately 33 km (see Figure 9.17). the allowable industrial land use. The intake and outfall pipes Between Port Augusta and Olympic Dam, the proposed water would be aligned in trenches through land that is either supply pipeline would be aligned where practicable with the currently vacant or alongside the existing road corridor (see existing transmission line, and would therefore pass through Figure 9.17), and would occupy approximately 8 ha. The pipes the same land uses (see Figure 9.2). The pipeline would also would then either be trenched into the seabed or laid on the traverse the WPA for approximately 15 km, wherein for the seabed and covered with rock and would have no long-term most part it would be aligned within the electrical transmission impact on existing land use. A fenced compound (approximately corridor (which is held freehold by BHP Billiton). High impact 50 m x 40 m) would be installed around the intake sump on testing of weapons could not occur in the areas that support currently vacant land; this would be a permanent change in the water pipeline, but defence vehicles, including tanks, could land use. continue to move over the pipeline.

Water supply pipeline The pipeline easement would also pass through land associated Land along the proposed 320 km water supply pipeline corridor with the proposed Lincoln Gap wind farm site (see Section 9.7.1) from Point Lowly to Olympic Dam is predominantly held as but would not affect the wind farm. pastoral leases; there are also some parcels of freehold, Crown and Commonwealth land (see Figure 9.11). BHP Billiton would The proposed corridor for the water supply pipeline would be investigate potential tenure arrangements along the water approximately 40 m wide, with most of this area disturbed pipeline alignment, such as excising the pipeline corridor from during construction. The construction of the pipeline (see pastoral leases into a freehold pipeline easement, obtaining Plate 9.18), including pipe stacking sites, would require a short- licences from the relevant lessees, or other applicable tenure. term change in land use for approximately 1,485 ha. As almost all of the pipeline would be buried (i.e. 318.5 km of its 320 km In the area between Point Lowly and Port Augusta, the water length), the long-term change in land use would be limited to supply pipeline would pass through pastoral, Crown and small sections of above ground pipeline at water crossings freehold land (see Figure 9.11). The pipeline would be aligned in (approximately 6 ha) and pump stations (approximately 4 ha). Crown land adjacent to the southern boundary of the existing Once construction was complete, the existing land uses would be able to resume. Accordingly, current land uses are not expected to be significantly affected by the proposed pipeline. E nertrade 9.7.4 eLectricity supply Electricity transmission line – Port Augusta to Olympic Dam The proposed new transmission line would be aligned adjacent to the existing corridor from Port Augusta to Olympic Dam (see Figures 9.2 and 9.12, and Plate 9.19), which predominantly consists of freehold land (either held by BHP Billiton or over which BHP Billiton has been granted an easement). The new electricity corridor would traverse land that is currently held as Crown and Commonwealth land (including approximately 15 km Plate 9.18 Typical construction of buried pipeline of the WPA) and some freehold parcels (see Figure 9.11 and Section 9.6.5).

Consistent with the tenure arrangements for the existing electricity corridor, BHP Billiton would seek to obtain freehold title over the length of the new corridor, which would involve excision from some pastoral leases, including leases within the WPA.

The construction of the proposed transmission line would require a short-term change in land use for approximately 337 ha, and a long-term change in land use for approximately 85 ha. While there may be some disruption to existing pastoral land use during the construction phase, use of the land for pastoral activities (see Figure 9.2) would continue in the long term. Plate 9.19 Existing electricity transmission lines adjacent to Stuart Highway

278 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 Electricity transmission line – Cultana to Point Lowly A new 132 kV electricity transmission line would be required to provide a power supply for the desalination plant. The proposed transmission line would follow the alignment of the existing line from the Cultana substation to Point Lowly and traverse approximately 25 km of pastoral, freehold, and vacant Crown land (see Figure 9.17). The line’s construction would require a short-term change in land use for approximately 15 ha, and a permanent change in land use (for towers) for approximately 7 ha.

Gas supply pipeline

The gas pipeline corridor options to the north of Olympic Dam Plate 9.20 Typical landscape along the gas pipeline corridor include three alternative routes for the proposed gas pipeline to Moomba (see Figure 9.1): • Option 1: northern corridor directly from Olympic Dam to Moomba (440 km) • Option 2: southern corridor from Olympic Dam to the existing compressor station on the Moomba to Adelaide gas pipeline (approximately 400 km) • Option 3: southern corridor from Olympic Dam to Moomba 9 via the existing compressor station (560 km).

Land along the proposed corridors is held as pastoral leases and Crown land. The typical landscape features in the region are shown in Plates 9.20 to 9.23. The predominant land use within the corridor options is pastoral (see Figures 9.1 and 9.3). Plate 9.21 Gas pipeline option 1 – typical landscape within the BHP Billiton would investigate potential tenure arrangements Strzelecki Reserve along the pipeline alignment, such as excising the corridor from pastoral leases into a freehold pipeline easement, obtaining licences from the relevant lessees, or other applicable tenure.

Irrespective of the alignment chosen, the pipeline would traverse the Finniss Springs Aboriginal Land for approximately 50 km (see Figure 9.3). While the EIS Study Area overlaps the Lake Eyre National Park for approximately 3 km (see Figure 9.5), this National Park would be avoided by the chosen alignment. Options 1 and 3 traverse the Strzelecki Regional Reserve for approximately 120 km and 20 km, respectively (see Figure 9.5).

The proposed corridor would be approximately 30 m wide, with Plate 9.22 Gas pipeline option 2 – typical landscape most of this area disturbed during construction. The pipeline would be underground for most of its length.

Construction of the pipeline, including pipe stacking sites and temporary construction camps, would require a short-term change in land use of between 1,194 and 1,695 ha (depending on the chosen route – see Table 9.4 and Figure 9.1). As the pipeline would be buried, long-term disturbance would be limited to above-ground facilities such as mainline valves (to isolate sections), compressor stations, scraper stations for pipe maintenance (where required) and a maintenance access track. Following completion of construction works, existing land uses would be able to resume over all but between 229 and 326 ha of the pipeline easement. The majority of this area comprises the maintenance access track, over which pastoral activities would be able to continue. Plate 9.23 Gas pipeline option 3 – typical landscape

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 279 9.7.5 transport infrastructure line would result in a permanent change of land use within the Rail line and intermodal facility corridor; however, the corridor would not be fenced and access across the corridor would be maintained to allow pastoral Land along the proposed rail corridor is held as pastoral leases activities adjacent to the rail line to continue. (see Figure 9.11). The existing rail line from Port Adelaide to Pimba passes through industrial, residential, agricultural and The proposed Pimba intermodal facility would be partly located pastoral land (see Figure 9.2 and Plate 9.24). on land held as the Arcoona pastoral lease and partly on vacant Commonwealth land held by the Australian Rail Track The proposed new rail spur from Pimba to Olympic Dam would Corporation Ltd (ARTC). Prior to the rail line being commissioned, be approximately 105 km in length and would traverse pastoral the intermodal facility (see Figure 9.18 and Plate 9.25) would be stations, Commonwealth land, the Roxby Downs Municipality used to maximise rail transport and therefore minimise road and the SML (see Figures 9.11 and 9.18). transport of construction materials. The area of the facility would be approximately 50 ha and would result in a permanent The proposed corridor for the rail line would be approximately change in land use. BHP Billiton would lease the land from ARTC 150 m wide, with a disturbance area averaging 30 m in width. and, for the remainder of the land, seek consent from the BHP Billiton would seek to obtain this land freehold, which pastoral leaseholder to use the land or obtain it freehold. would involve excision of land from the existing pastoral leases.

Impacts on land use would be minimised by maintaining Outside the expanded SML, the construction of the rail line existing roads within pastoral areas traversed by the proposed would require a short-term change in land use for rail corridor. The alignment of rail crossings would be discussed approximately 273 ha. Based on the average width of the rail with landowners to ensure they were suitably located. line and embankment (approximately 10 m), there would be a long-term change in land use of approximately 91 ha. The rail Road transport Access corridor and pre-assembly yard An access corridor is required to connect the proposed landing facility to the pre-assembly yard and the Stuart Highway (see Figure 9.12). The corridor would be approximately 35 m wide. The corridor would be aligned within Commonwealth (CTA) land along the western side of Shack Road, and through vacant freehold and Crown land to the north of the CTA and to the east of the Port Augusta airport (see Figure 9.12 and Plate 9.26). The corridor would join the Stuart Highway approximately 3 km north-west of Port Augusta.

BHP Billiton would seek to obtain a lease from the Commonwealth over the portion of the corridor that traverses CTA land and freehold title over the remainder of the route.

Plate 9.24 Existing rail corridor north of Port Augusta The proposed Port Augusta pre-assembly yard would be located on approximately 25 ha of Crown land. The site is currently vacant (see Plate 9.27) and was used previously for the 1997 Olympic Dam expansion.

The construction and operation of the access corridor would result in a permanent change of land use for approximately 50 ha. Public access to the corridor would be restricted by fencing or other barriers. The total long-term change in land use for the corridor and pre-assembly yard would be approximately 75 ha.

Impacts on land use would be reduced by establishing designated crossing points. These would be provided to allow neighbouring activities to continue on either side of the corridor. The alignment of crossing points would be discussed with landowners to ensure they were suitably located. Access to the crossing points would be unrestricted in the main, although during times of operations there would be restrictions and Plate 9.25 Proposed location of the intermodal facility near Pimba delays in crossing from side to side.

280 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 Existing railway EIS Study Area Proposed railway Land use Proposed access road Grazing / natural vegetation Proposed perimeter fence Residential Water pipeline alignment Utilities Rail alignment Transport and communication Transmission line alignment Water storage

Inset See inset

Water y storage Wa pic ym Ol Creek Woomera

0220 440 metres 9

Proposed Pimba intermodal road/rail facility

Pimba St uart Highw 00.5 11.5 22.5 ay km

Figure 9.18 Existing and proposed land use around Pimba/Woomera

Plate 9.26 Proposed location of the access corridor near Port Augusta Plate 9.27 Proposed site for Port Augusta pre-assembly yard

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 281 Borefield Road would be determined during the detailed design phase; The existing Borefield Road currently passes through the SML however, it is anticipated that approximately 13 borrow pits and would need to be relocated to allow for the development of (of 50 m x 50 m area) would be required for roadworks south the proposed open pit and RSF (see Figure 9.16). The new road of Pimba, and approximately 10 borrow pits (of 130 m x 130 m would be relocated outside of the SML to the east of Olympic area) for road and rail construction north of Pimba (see Dam, approximately 17 km along the Andamooka Road. Figure 5.33).

The proposed relocation of Borefield Road would maintain It is anticipated that the borrow pits would be located entirely public access to Arid Recovery and townships north of Olympic within pastoral land adjacent to the road corridor, and would Dam, and would require the construction of approximately 20 km involve a short-term change in land use of approximately of new road, which would be approximately 10 m wide, 20 ha. The borrow pits would be rehabilitated after requiring a road corridor approximately 30 m. construction, allowing the existing pastoral land use to continue. The proposed relocation would result in a temporary change in land use during construction over an area of approximately 65 ha Port facilities (including borrow pits and construction laydown areas), and a The existing facilities at Port Adelaide (see Figure 9.13) would permanent change in land use of approximately 60 ha. continue to be used. Diesel, lubricants, and other petroleum products would be imported through Outer Harbor using The new road would be located entirely within the Andamooka existing third party facilities. Additional port facilities would be pastoral lease, which is held by BHP Billiton. As such, there required at Outer Harbor (for the storage and handling of would be no impact on third party land use. imported sulphur prill) and at the Port of Darwin (for the storage and handling of uranium oxide and bulk concentrate). Impacts on land use would be reduced by aligning the road to avoid disturbance to heritage sites and large areas of intact Outer Harbor vegetation, and by allowing for surface water drainage by A new sulphur handling facility would be constructed at Outer including floodways in road design. Harbor on industrial land provided by third parties (see Figure 9.13). The new facility would comprise a ship unloader, Passing bays a closed conveyor, a storage shed, a rail spur and rail loading Passing bays would be required along the Stuart Highway north facilities. The construction and operation of the facility would of Port Augusta and on Olympic Way between Pimba and occupy approximately 20 ha of existing industrial land and Olympic Dam (see Section 5.9.4) to allow the transport of over- would require no long-term change in land use. dimensional loads from the pre-assembly yard at Port Augusta. The need for and specific locations of bays would be Port of Darwin determined during detailed design, but bays would be likely to It is proposed to establish facilities for the handling, storage be spaced approximately 17 km apart (see Figure 5.33). The and export of bulk concentrate at East Arm in the Port of bays would be approximately 30 m wide and 250 m long. Darwin (see Figure 9.19 and Appendix E4). Additional uranium oxide would also need to be accommodated at the existing It is anticipated that, where practical, passing bays would be Toll distribution centre at East Arm (see Section 9.5 and located predominantly within road reserves, including existing Appendix E4). rest areas. However, for some bays, small areas of pastoral land adjacent to the road corridor would be required. This may affect The site for the proposed BHP Billiton facilities is currently a up to eight pastoral stations between Port Augusta and combination of Crown leases, freehold allotments held by Olympic Dam. various parties, and the seabed (which would be reclaimed by the Darwin Port Corporation prior to construction of BHP Billiton Nine bays would be constructed on the Stuart Highway between facilities). BHP Billiton would negotiate to occupy the land the Port Augusta pre-assembly yard and Pimba, covering under freehold tenure or, alternatively, under a long-term lease. approximately 7.5 ha. Six bays would be constructed on Olympic Way between Pimba and Olympic Dam, covering approximately The construction of the proposed infrastructure would be 4.5 ha. There would be a permanent change in land use, from consistent with the Darwin Port Corporation Draft Master Plan pastoral to road. for land use at East Arm. The facility would occupy approximately 16 ha, consisting of: Borrow pits • 12 ha for the rail loop and embankments Borrow pits would be required to provide crushed rock and granular material for road construction works. The material • 4 ha for the concentrate storage shed, ancillary would be used in the gravel pavement areas for the passing infrastructure, office buildings and maintenance areas bays (see Section 5.9.4 and above), and in the construction of • 0.2 ha for the rail unload and wagons wash-down facility. the embankment for the rail line and the Olympic Way overpass (see Section 5.9.4). The number and location of borrow pits

282 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 s t ie en km .5 rr facilit cu r ed pe 22 pos an as o pl pr ies

er st of .5 Ma on facilit ti lt re aft ca 11 ed il tu be

l lo ra fu or m Dr ia e sh of ng ey oop Ar nt ag ti .5 t il l te ea is or onv Ex Ra C St Ar Eas Po 00 t m s Eas Ar ve ro ng

Ma 9 rt Po m e m Ar ddl t Port Ar Mi Eas y ce s Ba an Fr r in ou rw rb Da Ha rt oba H Brisbane Sydney RWIN DA Melbourne ngs ri Sp e s ic nt p Al wn te Do Adelaide

Ma ex in Roxby rw Da th Per Figure Existing 9.19 and proposed land use at Port of Darwin, East Arm

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 283 As the proposed facility would occupy existing industrial land or As the landing facility would continue to be used on an reclaimed land, there would be no impacts on existing land use. infrequent basis for the importation of infrastructure associated Based on current schedules, it is not anticipated that the with the ongoing Olympic Dam operation, the landing facility facilities would be required until 2016. and quarantine laydown area would be retained, and would therefore require a permanent change to land use from vacant Landing facility and residential to light industrial. The proposed landing facility would consist of a piered jetty structure and rock pad covering approximately 1 ha (see Airport Figure 9.20). In accordance with quarantine requirements, a The new airport would be located approximately 17 km along quarantine laydown area of approximately 2 ha would be the Andamooka Road to the east of Roxby Downs and established adjacent to the landing facility. This area would immediately south of the proposed Hiltaba Village (see allow for the temporary storage and inspection of imported Figure 9.16, Plate 9.29 and Section 9.7.6). The airport site materials prior to their transport to the pre-assembly yard on would occupy approximately 105 ha. the outskirts of Port Augusta (see Figure 9.12) and then to Olympic Dam. The land use in the area of the proposed airport would change permanently. The area of affected land is entirely within the The proposed site for the quarantine laydown area is BHP Billiton-held Andamooka pastoral station and would only predominantly disturbed vacant Crown land and includes one affect a small proportion (0.04%) of this pastoral lease. There residential property (see Figure 9.20 and Plate 9.28). Thirteen would be no impact on third-party land use. BHP Billiton would residential properties are located within 1 km south of the seek freehold title over the site, which would require excision of proposed facility. BHP Billiton is continuing discussions with this land from the Andamooka pastoral lease. directly affected landholders. A services corridor (for optical fibre cable, water and sewer pipelines) from Roxby Downs to the airport would be required. The corridor would be approximately 10 m wide and approximately 25 km long, and would also service the proposed Hiltaba Village (see Figure 9.16 and Section 9.7.6).

Services would be installed underground within the alignment of the existing road corridor, and would therefore result in no permanent change in land use.

9.7.6 township and accommodation Roxby Downs township The Roxby Downs township would be expanded in order to accommodate an estimated 10,000 people and associated services. Approximately 465 ha of currently vacant land would be developed for the township expansion within the Roxby Downs Municipality (see Figure 9.21).

Plate 9.28 Proposed site for the quarantine laydown area of the landing facility The expansion would result in a permanent change to residential, accommodation (including contractor camps and a caravan park), commercial, recreation and light industrial land uses. The expansion would conform to the proposed land uses of the draft Roxby Downs Municipality Development Plan Amendment and as envisaged in the Roxby Downs Draft Master Plan (see Appendix F4).

Olympic Dam Village As part of the proposed expansion, all land uses within the Olympic Dam Village would be permanently changed to mining.

The existing Olympic Village accommodation facilities (see Section 9.5.5) would be decommissioned and new expanded facilities would be built approximately 17 km along the Andamooka Road (see Figure 9.16). The new facility would be Plate 9.29 Proposed location of Hiltaba Village and airport named Hiltaba Village, and would occupy approximately 60 ha.

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Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 285 Land use in the area of the proposed Hiltaba Village would within the expanded SML and would subsequently be change permanently. The area of affected land is entirely within decommissioned as mining activities progressed, along with the BHP Billiton-held Andamooka station and would only affect the existing Olympic Village. The proposed Camp 2 would a small proportion (0.002%) of this lease. Therefore, there be constructed on the site of a previous contractor would be no impact on third-party land use. BHP Billiton would accommodation facility. seek freehold title over the site, which would require excision of this land from the Andamooka pastoral lease. The existing heavy industry activities, currently located on Charlton Road to the south of Olympic Village (see Figure 9.14), A services corridor (for electricity, optical fibre cable, and water would be relocated to a new heavy industrial area 3 km south and sewer pipelines) from Roxby Downs to Hiltaba Village of the existing Charlton Road industrial area (see Figure 9.21). would be required. The corridor would be approximately 10 m This area would occupy 73 ha of currently vacant land. wide and approximately 25 km long, and would also extend to service the proposed airport. All services would be installed The petrol station east of Olympic Village is on freehold land within the alignment of the existing road corridor and, apart that is not held by BHP Billiton. The owner of the land has been from the electricity transmission line, would be underground. advised that expanded mining activities are expected to impact There would be approximately 5 ha permanent change in land on the site so that its land use would change (see Figure 9.21), use associated with the electricity towers. and BHP Billiton is negotiating for the utilisation of the site.

Prior to establishing the proposed open pit mine, accommodation facilities for the pre-strip contractor would be established at Camp 2, south of the existing Olympic Dam Village (see Figure 9.21). These facilities would be located

Table 9.5 Estimated area by land tenure type associated with each project component of the proposed expansion

Project component Land tenure type Total area Crown Pastoral BHP Billiton Freehold Commonwealth Roxby Downs (ha) lease (pastoral land) Municipality Expanded SML 28,500 3,400 31,9001 Desalination plant 21 21 Water supply pipeline 10 10 Electricity line to Point 2 5 1 8 Lowly Electricity line to 71 11 3 85 Olympic Dam Gas pipeline 44 282 326 Rail line 40 44 2 5 91 Pimba intermodal 20 30 50 facility Access corridor 10 22 18 50 Pre-assembly yard 25 25 Passing bays 12 12 Borefield Road 60 60 Outer Harbor 20 20 Port of Darwin 16 16 Landing facility 2 1 3 Airport 105 105 Roxby Downs 465 465 expansion Hiltaba Village 60 60 Services corridor to 13 13 Hiltaba Village and airport Heavy industrial area 73 73 Total 120 440 28,793 44 50 3,946 33,393

1 The expanded SML includes Camp 2 and sections of the electricity, rail and gas corridors.

286 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 Expanded Special Mining Lease Roxby Downs Municipality Proposed land use Nature conservation Grazing / natural vegetation Manufacturing and industrial Residential Services / commercial Camp 2 Utilities Transport and communication Mining Salt lake Recreation Vacant

9

Heavy industrial area

Roxby Downs expansion

00.5 11.5 2 km

Figure 9.21 Proposed land use around Roxby Downs

Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009 287 9.8 fIndings and conclusions Most of the proposed additions to mining and metallurgical infrastructure and the metallurgical plant would be located The bulk of the land required to support the proposed within the existing SML. However, it is anticipated that some expansion (28,793 ha or 86% of the land to be permanently changes to existing land tenure would be necessary to support disturbed) is located on pastoral leases held by BHP Billiton the proposed expansion. (see Table 9.5). The tenure of the remaining 4,600 ha which would be permanently disturbed comprises: Any changes to land tenure required would be made in • 3,946 ha of the Roxby Downs Municipality (including accordance with applicable laws, including through Indenture 3,400 ha within the expanded SML) based rights or negotiated commercial purchase. Where • 440 ha of pastoral land appropriate, BHP Billiton would seek to obtain freehold title • 120 ha of vacant Crown land (including an extension to the SML) or other applicable tenure. • 44 ha of freehold land Where the acquisition of freehold land, creation of new leases, • 50 ha of Commonwealth land. excision from existing Crown leases or the creation of new easements is anticipated, BHP Billiton would seek to commence Only a small proportion of pastoral land (29,233 ha) would be or continue negotiations with the various current landholders in permanently affected by the various elements of the proposed order to secure the appropriate tenure arrangements for the expansion, predominantly in association with the expansion of relevant components of the expansion. the SML (see Table 9.6). The majority of the pastoral land that would undergo permanent land use change would occur exclusively in pastoral leases held by BHP Billiton (28,793 ha or 99%).

Table 9.6 Estimated area of pastoral lands permanently affected by the proposed expansion

Project component Pastoral leases affected1 Area permanently affected Percentage of relevant (ha) pastoral lease/s permanently affected Expanded Special Mining Lease Roxby Downs 19,200 12.8 Andamooka 9,300 3.8 Water supply pipeline2 Various 10 0.007 Electricity transmission line – Cultana to Point Tregalana 5 0.01 Lowly Electricity transmission line – Port Augusta to Various 82 0.004 2 Olympic Dam Purple Downs 0.01 Roxby Downs 0.001 Gas pipeline Various 2 0.00004 Rail line2 Arcoona 40 0.01 Purple Downs 28 0.04 Roxby Downs 16 0.01 Pimba intermodal facility Arcoona 20 0.005 Passing bays3 Various 8 0.001 Purple Downs 2 0.003 Roxby Downs 2 0.001 Borefield Road relocation Andamooka 60 0.02 Airport Andamooka 105 0.04 Hiltaba Village Andamooka 60 0.04 Services corridor to Hiltaba Village and airport Andamooka 13 0.005 Total 28,953 0.004

1 Pastoral leases held by BHP Billiton are in italics. 2 Calculations for rail line and electricity transmission corridors do not include land within expanded SML and Roxby Downs Municipality. 3 For the purposes of the EIS, the passing bays are assumed to be located entirely within pastoral land.

288 Olympic Dam Expansion Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2009