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Sleep Disorders University of Zagreb school of Medicine Zagreb, croatia volUMe 4, nUMber 3–4, pp. 249–361 JUly–deceMber 2017 Udc 616.8 Udc 616.89 Udc 159.9 Udc 612 issn 1849-5427 (online) issn 2459-5233 (print) Volume 4, Number 3–4, pp. 249–361 July–December 2017 249–361 July–December pp. Number 3–4, 4, Volume Gyrus Gyrus sleep disorders Rhythmic variations What color are your Menstrual cycle and Pediatric hydrocephalus: of mood letters? – an insight cognitive functions causes, symptoms and Sleep Disorders Sleep into synesthesia treatment modalities p. 304 p. 319 p. 343 p. 355 sleep disorders impressum IMPRESSUM founded 2013 zagreb, croatia UDC 616.8 UDC 159.9 ISSN 1849-5427 (ONlINe) volume 4, number 3 – 4, pp. 249 – 361 UDC 616.89 UDC 612 ISSN 2459-5233 (PrINt) july – december 2017 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF/ GLAVNA UREDNICA Barbara Tomić University of Zagreb, School of Medicine DEPUTY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF/ ZAMJENIK GLAVNE UREDNICE Ivan Mlinarić University of Zagreb, School of Medicine ASSOCIATE EDITORS/ PRIDRUŽENI UREDNICI Mislav Čaić University of Zagreb, School of Medicine Marta Dugonjić University of Zagreb, School of Medicine Nina Fajs University of Zagreb, School of Medicine Bea Hohšteter University of Zagreb, School of Medicine Ida Ivek University of Zagreb, School of Medicine Vinka Kugelman University of Zagreb, School of Medicine Niko Njirić University of Zagreb, School of Medicine Karlo Toljan University of Zagreb, School of Medicine Luka Turkalj University of Zagreb, School of Medicine Ivan Vukelić University of Zagreb, School of Medicine Ivana Car University of Zagreb, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology Emina Horvat Velić University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology WEB EDITOR/ WEB UREDNIK Nikola Prpić University of Zagreb, School of Medicine VISUAL IDENTITY & LAYOUT/ VIZUALNI IDENTITET I PRIJELOM Ljubica Golubić Monika Vodopija Antonija Vuletić ADVISORY BOARD/ UREDNIČKI SAVJET SENIOR EDITORIAL BOARD/ VIŠI UREDNIČKI KOLEGIJ Ema Bokulić, MD Sonja Mikulec, MD Monika Mudrovčić, MD EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS/ SAVJETNiCI UREDNIČKOG KOLEGIJA Božidar Nikša Tarabić, MA Marko Zorić, MD FIRST EDITORIAL BOARD/ PRVO UREDNŠTVO ČASOPISA // HONOURABLE MEMBERS Tomislav Ćaleta, MD Vinka Knezović, MD Ines Martinec, MD Marko Petrić, MD Dora Sedmak, MD MENTOR/ MENTOR Goran Sedmak, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb, School of Medicine gyrus | vol. 4 | no. 3 – 4 | july – december 2017 I sleep disorders impressum REVIEWERS/ RECENZENTI Domagoj Džaja, MD, PhD Ivana Hromatko, PhD, Assistant Professor Dragutin Ivanec, PhD, Professor Vinka Knezović, MD Darija Mahović Lakušić, MD, PhD, Associate Professor Alma Mihaljević-Peleš, MD, PhD, Professor Dinka Pavičić Baldani, MD, PhD, Associate Professor Željka Petelin Gadže, MD, PhD, Associate Professor Marina Raguž, MD Goran Sedmak, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor Marina Šagud, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor Meri Tadinac, PhD, Professor Marko Zorić, MD PROOFREADER/ LEKTOR Thomas Klarić, PhD VISUAL CONCEPT/ VIZUALNI KONCEPT Ljubica Golubić Stella Grabarić Marijana Šimag ADDRESS OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD/ ADRESA UREDNIŠTVA Šalata 12, Zagreb, Croatia PUBLISHER/ IZDAVAČ University of Zagreb Check out Gyrus’ website School of Medicine http://gyrus.hiim.hr/ Šalata 3, Zagreb, Croatia FOR THE PUBLISHER/ ZA IZDAVAČA Contact us via email Marijan Klarica, MD, PhD, Professor [email protected] PRINT / TISAK Find us on Facebook Printera Grupa d.o.o. https://www.facebook.com/gyrus.unizg/ Ul. dr. Franje Tuđmana 14A, Sveta Nedelja, Croatia www.printera.hr Follow us on Twitter https://twitter.com/gyrusjournal NUMBER OF COPIES/ NAKLADA 500 Join us on LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/company/gyrus-journal Gyrus is student scientific journal which publishes review articles, Gyrus je studentski stručni časopis koji objavljuje pregledne i stručne mainly from the fields of fundamental neuroscience, neurology, članke, ponajprije iz područja bazične neuroznanosti, neurologije, psychiatry and psychology, and neurosurgery. It was founded by psihijatrije i psihologije te neurokirurgije. Osnovala ga je Studentska Student Society for Neuroscience at the University of Zagreb School sekcija za neuroznanost Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu of Medicine. The journal is published quarter-yearly. te se objavljuje svaka tri mjeseca. The publication of this journal is financially supported by the University Časopis izlazi uz financijsku potporu Medicinskog fakulteta of Zagreb School of Medicine. Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. We would like to thank the Management Board of the University of Zahvaljujemo Upravi Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu što Zagreb School of Medicine for permission to use the official logo of nam je ustupila na korištenje službeni logotip povodom obilježavanja the 100th anniversary of the founding of our School. 100. godišnjice osnutka našeg Fakulteta. Financial support for the print of previous issue (Gyrus Vol. 4, No. 2) Tisak prethodnog broja časopisa (Gyrus Vol. 4, No. 2) financijski je was provided by the Students’ Council of the University of Zagreb. potpomogao Studentski zbor Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Copyright © 2017 Gyrus, unless otherwise stated. Printed in 2020. II july – december 2017 | gyrus | vol. 4 | no. 3 – 4 sleep disorders table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Gyrus, Vol. 4, No. 3 – 4, pp. 249 – 361 ISSN 1849-5427 (ONlINe) july – december 2017 ISSN 2459-5233 (PrINt) ZaGreb, croatia I IMPRESSUM III TABLE OF CONTENTS 249 FOREWORD FROM THE EDITORS 251 TIMELINE 263 NEWS AND EDUCATION 264 NEUROSCIENCE FOR ENGINEERS, KSET NEUROZNANOST ZA INŽENJERE, KSET Krešimir Friganović 265 TEDDY BEAR HOSPITAL Matea Škoro Iva Topić 267 UTRECHT SUMMER SCHOOL: NEURAL CIRCUIT DEVELOPMENT AND PLASTICITY Nikola Prpić 269 6TH CROATIAN NEUROSCIENCE CONGRESS 6. HRVATSKI NEUROZNANSTVENI KONGRES Ivan Mlinarić Barbara Tomić 271 ZOOM INTO THE PSYCHE ZOOM NA PSIHU Ana Kraljević Sara Lončar 273 BOOK / MOVIE REVIEW 274 A DIFFERENT BRAIN Emina Horvat Velić 275 INTERVIEW 275 INTERVIEW WITH RAPHAEL BÉNÉ Nikola Prpić 277 CASE REPORT 278 NEW CONCEPTS IN REHABILITATION OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY Rašeljka Batelić Dragić 285 EDITOR’S CHOICE 286 DEVELOPING BRAIN REGIONS IN CHILDREN HARDEST HIT BY SLEEP DEPRIVATION Ivana Starčević gyrus | vol. 4 | no. 3 – 4 | july – december 2017 III sleep disorders table of contents 287 LATE NEURONAL MIGRATION – NEW FINDINGS SUGGEST A KEY ROLE IN HUMAN BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Luka Ćusek 288 NEURAL NETWORK UNDERLYING HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS DISCOVERED Ida Ivek 289 HOW CONSTANT SOCIAL DEFEAT MODIFIES OUR BEHAVIOR: IS THE PERSON NEXT TO YOU SIMPLY DULL, AGGRESSIVE, EXTREMELY INTROVERTED OR IS THERE MORE TO THE STORY? Bea Hohšteter 291 VIRTUAL REALITY IN MANAGEMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA Ana Bardak, 293 FORGETTING Tomislav Smoljo issue Topic 299 THIS IS YOUR BRAIN ON DREAMS Vana Vukić 304 RHYTHMIC VARIATIONS OF MOOD Augustin Mutak 311 SLEEP DISORDERS AND HEALTH RISKS Elizabeth Nedić 315 SOMNAMBULISM Dora Dragčević FuNDamental NeuroscieNce 319 WHAT COLOR ARE YOUR LETTERS? – AN INSIGHT INTO SYNESTHESIA Andrea Paulik 323 THE PRION PROTEIN AND CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE Dora Franka Zelić NeuroloGy 329 THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MIGRAINE Josipa Popović 335 TRIGEMINAL NERVE STIMULATION (TNS) Emina Horvat Velić 339 EPILEPSY AND PREGNANCY Ivana Starčević psychiaTry aND psycholoGy 343 MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS Anamaria Novak 348 BRIGHT LIGHT THERAPY (BLT) IN DEPRESSION Jana Radić IV july – december 2017 | gyrus | vol. 4 | no. 3 – 4 sleep disorders table of contents NeurosurGery 355 PEDIATRIC HYDROCEPHALUS: CAUSES, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT MODALITIES Alisa Junaković erraTum 361 ERRATUM TO: RESEARCH ON FACTORS THAT CONTROL THE ACTIVATION OF SPINAL CORD ENDOGENOUS STEM CELLS Ana Dekanić VI KEYWORD AND AUTHOR INDEX VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TO THE REVIEWERS ZAHVALA RECENZENTIMA VIII GUIDE FOR AUTHORS X SUBSCRIPTION gyrus | vol. 4 | no. 3 – 4 | july – december 2017 V sleep disorders foreword from the editors FOREWORD FROM THE EDITORS Dear Readers, I am more than grateful for the opportunity to address you once again at the beginning of new Gyrus Journal issue, this time especially dedicated to sleep disorders. As human beings, we spend approximately one third of our lives sleeping. Sleep and its architecture are of vital importance for psychological, as well as physiological processes. However, modern way of life (e.g. exposure to screen-light), just like certain health conditions, can affect our circadian rhythm and stages of sleep to a great extent. It is well known that sleep deprivation can lead to disruption in cognitive functioning and changes in emotional abilities. Moreover, scientific studies revealed associations of perpetual short sleep duration with adverse health effects, such as hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and depression. In this issue you can discover the influence of sleep deprivation on developing brain regions in children. Moreover, you can find out more about the relationship of sleep disorders and quality of life, especially the harmful effects of sleep deficiency and related health risks. In addition, you can unravel the mystery of somnambulism, popularly known as sleepwalking. People have always been fascinated with dreams, trying to understand these peculiar experiences, especially in order to find out their meanings, and reaching to grasp their origins in human psyche. To learn more about the scientific background of this interesting matter we recommend reading the article “This is your
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