DOCSLIB.ORG

Academic Research on the Inertial Confinement Thermonuclear Fusion in Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ELI summer school, August 26 – 30, 2019 Academic research on the inertial confinement thermonuclear fusion in Europe V. T. Tikhonchuk Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux – CNRS – CEA, Talence, France ELI-Beamlines, Institute of Physics, CSR, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic Principles of initial confinement fusion for energy production (IFE) IFE is a pulsed process: the energy is released in periodic pellet explosions • Standard power plant produces 1 GW = 1 GJ/s: 1 GW = 10 explosions in 1 s = 250 kg TNT/s = 3 mg DT/s • Typical target mass is 1 mg corresponds to a sphere R = 1 mm at normal density ρ = 0.25 g/cc Ignition conditions are imposed by the Lawson criterion: ρR > 0.3 g/cm2 at T = 5 keV It cannot be satisfied at normal conditions: compression and heating are needed • compression of the total fuel mass by using the ablation pressure: recoil effect • heating of a small part of the fuel: creation of a spark (hot spot) • combustion of the residual fuel August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 2 Three steps of the ICF process: • compression of the total fuel mass by using the ablation pressure: recoil effect • heating of a small part of the fuel: creation of a spark (hot spot) • combustion of the residual fuel • implosion time 10 ns • driver energy 1 MJ • ignition time 30 ps • gain 300 • acceleration 1013g • final energy 50 kJ • radius 100 µm • fusion energy • pressure 100 Mbar • efficiency 5% • pressure 300 Gbar 300 MJ • implosion velocity ~ • energy 10 kJ 400 km/s August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 3 Two basic approaches: direct and indirect drive direct drive indirect drive ablator DT ice DT gas R R ~ 1 mm ~ 0.2 mm • indirect drive is motivated by the national defence programs: less efficient but considered to be more reliable • direct drive: academic program is motivated by energy production and modelling extreme states of matter in laboratory August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 4 Only few large scale laser installations exist in the world direct drive indirect drive OMEGA LMJ NIF 60-beams, 30 kJ, 30 TW 176-beams, 1.4 MJ, 400 TW 192-beams, 1.8 MJ, 500 TW direct drive: fast ignition Academic programs benefit a free access to the national MJ facilities on a competitive basis within ~15% of the GEKKO XII available shots 12-beams, 10 kJ, 10 TW SHENGUANG-III 48-beams, 180 kJ, 60 TW August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 5 Update on the indirect drive experiments Indirect Drive ignition experiments are conducted on NIF since 2009 Several approaches are considered: Major problems: • low adiabat (low foot) implosions (2010 – 2012) • low energy coupling to the hot spot • medium adiabat (high foot) implosions with plastic • hydrodynamic instability of the and HD carbon ablators imploding shell • low gas fill hohlraums (symmetry control) • low energy coupling to hohlraum O Hurricane et al, Phys Plasmas 2019 Significant progress but still far from ignition August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 6 Outline . Direct drive ignition program and role of the European scientific community . Alternative approaches to inertial fusion: fast and shock ignition . Recent developments in the fast ignition approach: magnetic guiding of electrons . Strong shock generation experiments in the planar and spherical geometry: role of hot electrons . Near future plans August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 7 Direct drive approach: more efficient energy deposition The ignition conditions impose a relation between the hot spot pressure and energy .⁄ By using relations between the energy pressure and radius: ~~/ ~~~/ the ignition criterion reads: Higher energy deposition in the hot spot with the direct drive approach results in lower compression ratio CR ~ 22 compared to CR ~30‐40 for the indirect drive R Betti et al, Phys Rev Lett 2015 SP Regan et al Nuclear Fusion 2019 August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 8 Program for the direct drive to 2020 The Rochester group is leading the International Direct Drive Program curves: scaled fusion yield for 1.9 MJ • Improve coupling of laser energy to the hot spot • Improve symmetry of implosions on OMEGA ) • Demonstrate scaled performance on NIF 14 (×10 yield neutron areal density (mg/cm2) Collaborations: • LLNL: LPI, target design, • NRL: imprint, CBET control V Goncharov et al PPCF 2018 • LANL: high Z, EoS, opacities V Gopalaswamy et al Nature 2019 • EUROPE: physics, alternative schemes August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 9 Alternative ignition schemes: fast and shock ignition Alternative ignition schemes separate the implosion and ignition phases: the implosion phase is common with the standard direct drive approach, but the ignition is non‐isobaric • shock ignition: the central hot spot pressure is boosted with a special intense laser spike (the scheme selected by the European ICF project HiPER, collaboration with LLE) • fast ignition: the ignition spark is initiated with an intense of electron or ion beam driven by a multi‐PW laser pulse (ILE, Osaka) Spike : Converging Shock v. 54, no.5 Hot Spot Fuel Major issues: Major issues: • transport of hot electrons or • generation of a strong converging ions to the core shock • high energy PW laser pulse • control of the hot electron preheat Review on alternative ignition schemes: Nuclear Fusion 54, No. 5, 2014 August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 10 Fast Ignition Approach August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 11 Fast ignition scheme: recent results Fast ignition approach requires less laser energy injected in the hot spot Central ignition Fast ignition ~~ (isobaric) (isochoric) High ρ (1000 g/cm3) Main fuel Low ρ (100 g/cm3) High ρ (a part of fuel) hot spark Fast ignition project with electron beams is led by the Japanese team, ILE, Osaka: The laser facility contains: • 12 beam 3.5 kJ ns GEKKO system • 4 beam 2.5 kJ ps LFEX R Kodama et al, Nature 2002 Nuclear Fusion 54, No. 5, 2014 Major issue: high energy & strong divergence of electrons August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 12 Magnetic field assisted fast ignition scheme GEKKO experimental campaigns in 2016 ‐ 2018 proposed three significant improvements in the integrated fast ignition experiment • A thin shell is replaced with a solid ball to improve the implosion stability 100 µm Gold cone • The LFEX contrast is strongly improved: suppression of super‐hot electrons • A capacity‐coil laser driven parallel magnetic field is applied for the electron guiding Bz S Sakata et al, Nature Comm 2018 August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 13 Solid ball compression The areal density of 100 mg/cm2 is achieved with a Gaussian GEKKO‐XII pulse and 200 µm diameter solid ball undriven -400ps #38964 #38989 -260ps -160ps #38989 Temporal evolution of ρR 100 μm 100 μm #38995 #38983 With a tailored laser pulse the areal density of 2.7 g/cm2 can be achieved on NIF X‐ray shadows of fuel core H Sawada et al. Appl Phys Lett 2016 August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 14 Strong magnetic field generation with a laser A capacitor‐coil target allows generation of magnetic fields ~ 5‐6 MG in a 1 mm3 volume current B In experiments on LULI200 and GEKKO‐XII a set of three complementary diagnostics has been used: • B‐dot probes • proton deflectometry • Faraday rotation J JSantos et al. NJP 2015 V T Tikhonchuk et al. Phys Rev E 2017 August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 15 Demonstration of the electron beam guiding Experiment on LULI2000 demonstrates an electron beam collimation in the magnetic field: CTR diagnostic of transmitted electrons 1.5×1019 W/cm2 w/out B‐field with B‐field • the electron beam width is reduced by 3 times • the electron peak density is raised by 12 times • smoothing of electron beam filaments • reduced emittance 2 times S Fujioka et al, Phys Plasmas 2016 M Bailly‐Grandvaux et al, Nature Comm. 2018 August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 16 Integrated experiment on fast ignition Experiment on GEKKO‐XII demonstrates good implosion and core heating up to 3 keV B-generation coil Cone Dense plasma core • 3 GEKKO beams for the magnetic field generation • 6 GEKKO beams for the ball compression • Core density of 6 ‐ 11 g/cm3 was obtained • 4 LFEX beams for the electron beam generation at the heating laser pulse injection timing • 3 GEKKO beams for the implosion diagnostics • Spectrum emitted from Li‐ and He‐like Cu ions indicates a 3 keV temperature of the • Cu‐doped oleic‐acid bead heated region • Coupling efficiency ~5 –8%, energy H Sawada et al, Appl Phys Lett 2016 deposition 50 J, pressure ~1 Gbar S Sakata et al, Nature Comm 2018 August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 17 Shock Ignition Approach August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 18 Shock Ignition scheme An intense laser spike launches a strong shock at the end of implosion phase which . provides a pressure boost in the central hot spot ~ ~ 200 TW 10 PW/cm2 Major issues: Laser Pulse • Strong shock generation • Control of high energy electrons • Definition of optimal ignition conditions • Effects of the irradiation anisotropy • Development of appropriate num. tools • Robust target design radius time Ignition V Shcherbakov, Sov J Plasma Phys 1983 R Betti et al. PRL 2007 X Ribeyre et al. PPCF 2009 August 30, 2019 Academic research on ICF in Europe 19 Shock pressure generation with hot electrons Spike pulse intensity ~ 1016 W/cm2 implies strong LPI effects: param. inst. & hot electrons Ablation pressure is evaluated from the quasi‐stationary energy flow balance / / ≅.
Recommended publications
  • To Download the Proceedings

    To Download the Proceedings

    Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Applied Physics International Symposium TTOOPPIICCAALL PPRROOBBLLEEMMSS OOFF NNOONNLLIINNEEAARR WWAAVVEE PPHHYYSSIICCSS 22 – 28 July, 2017 Moscow – St. Petersburg, Russia P R O C E E D I N G S Nizhny Novgorod, 2017 NWP-1: Nonlinear Dynamics and Complexity NWP-2: Lasers with High Peak and High Average Power NWP-3: Nonlinear Phenomena in the Atmosphere and Ocean WORKSHOP: Magnetic Fields in Laboratory High Energy Density Plasmas (LaB) CREMLIN WORKSHOP: Key Technological Issues in Construction and Exploitation of 100 Pw Lass Lasers Board of Chairs Henrik Dijkstra, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Alexander Feigin, Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Russia Julien Fuchs, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, France Efim Khazanov, Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Russia Juergen Kurths, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany Albert Luo, Southern Illinois University, USA Evgeny Mareev, Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Russia Catalin Miron, Extreme Light Infrastructure, Romania Vladimir Nekorkin, Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Russia Vladimir Rakov, University of Florida, USA Alexander Sergeev, Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Russia Ken-ichi Ueda, Institute for Laser Science, the University of Electro-Communications, Japan Symposium Web site: http://www.nwp.sci-nnov.ru Organized by Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences www.iapras.ru GYCOM Ltd www.gycom.ru International Center for Advanced Studies in Nizhny Novgorod (INCAS) www.incas.iapras.ru Supported by www.avesta.ru www.lasercomponents.ru www.coherent.com www.lasertrack.ru www.thalesgroup.com www.standa.lt www.phcloud.ru www.epj.org The electron version of the NWP-2017 Symposium materials was prepared at the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov Str., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia CONTENTS PLENARY TALKS J.-C.
  • Preparatory Document

    Preparatory Document

    Joint thematic Workshop of Institut Lasers Plasmas, and LaserLab-Europe NA3 networking activity : Thematic Network on High Energy Lasers Next generation high energy lasers for basic research : Need for versatile high rep rate facilities Bordeaux University, September 3rd, 2010 1. RATIONALE The French government has issued a call for medium-size Research Infrastructures, which may represent a major opportunity to boost High Energy Density research, both at French and European levels. Under the aegis of Institut Lasers Plasmas (France), and LaserLab- Europe 2 , a dedicated workshop should unravel the general needs and scientific cases for a next generation HED laser facility of high repetition rates (one shot per few minutes) but moderate energies, and discuss how such a facility can be coordinated with other HED facilities and programs at French and European levels. 2. SCIENTIFIC CONTEXT The physics of laser-matter interaction in the domain of High Energy Density (HED) matter requires large scale laser facilities with laser pulses of many kilojoules. The technological frontier is now provided by such lasers systems as the National Ignition Facility (NIF), USA, and Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) near Bordeaux, or by Petawatt high energy lasers such as Omega-EP, Rochester University, USA, LFEX, Osaka University, Japan, or PETAL, Bordeaux. However, because of their extremely high operational cost and relatively low number of shots available, smaller sized facilities, so called "intermediate", are absolutely crucial to all scientific and technological developments in the field. The French national taskforce on the development of powerful lasers, ILP/GRALE, has identified four classes of high energy lasers: – Lasers of megajoule level; – Lasers of large but intermediate scale with a pulse energy larger than 10 kJ; – Lasers of kilojoule scale, such as LULI2000; – Sub-kilojoule scale lasers providing a combination of accessibility and flexibility of use.
  • Europe for Inertial Confinement Fusion

    Europe for Inertial Confinement Fusion

    EuropeEurope forfor InertialInertial ConfinementConfinement FusionFusion Technology Watch Workshop on IFE-KIT Madrid March 22, 2010 Jiri Ullschmied Association EURATOM IPP.CR PALS Research Centre, a joint laboratory of the Institute of Physics and Institute of Plasma Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic www.pals.cas.cz Paper Layout State of the art - where are we now Lasers on the path to fusion National Ignition Facility Indirect drive / direct drive European lasers, LMJ Coordinated European effort in the laser research Various ignition scenarios - EU KIT contributions SWOT Summary State of the art - where are we now Steadily increasing progress in laser technology since 1960, lasers becoming the most dynamic field of physical research in the last decade. Megajoule and multi-PW lasers have become reality, laser beam focused intensity has been increased up to 1022 W/cm2 (Astra, UK). Last-generation high-power lasers - an unmatched tool for high-energy density physical research and potential fusion drivers. High-energy lasers worldwide Lasers on the path to Fusion Max output energy of single beam systems (Nd-glass, iodine, KrF) in the 1-10 kJ range, while EL > 1 MJ is needed for central ignition => multi-beam laser systems. Various fast ignition schemes are have been proposed, which should decrease the required energy by an order of magnitude. History and future of IFE lasers HiPER Three main tasks demonstrate ignition and burn demonstrate high energy gain develop technology for an IFE power plant Ignition to be demonstrated at NIF (2010?) and LMJ lasers. The natural next step: HiPER. National Ignition Facility NIF is a culmination of long line of US Nd-glass laser systems Nova, OMEGA and NIF shot rates measured in shots/day.
  • Iron up to 170 Gpa

    Iron up to 170 Gpa

    Dynamic X-ray diffraction observation of shocked solid iron up to 170 GPa Adrien Denoeuda,b,1, Norimasa Ozakic,d, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaixa,b, Hiroyuki Uranishic, Yoshihiko Kondoc, Ryosuke Kodamac,d, Erik Brambrinka,b, Alessandra Ravasioa,b, Maimouna Bocouma,b, Jean-Michel Boudennea,b, Marion Harmande, François Guyote, Stephane Mazevetf, David Rileyg, Mikako Makitag, Takayoshi Sanoh, Youichi Sakawah, Yuichi Inubushii,j, Gianluca Gregorik, Michel Koeniga,b,l, and Guillaume Morarde aLaboratoire d’Utilisation de Lasers Intenses - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris- Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France; bSorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France; cGraduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan; dPhoton Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan; eInstitut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Universités – Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 75005 Paris, France; fLaboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 92195 Meudon, France; gCentre for Plasma Physics, School of Maths & Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland; hInstitute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan; iRIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo 679-5148,
  • High-Power Laser Experiments to Study Collisionless Shock Generation Y

    High-Power Laser Experiments to Study Collisionless Shock Generation Y

    EPJ Web of Conferences 59, 15001 (2013) DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135915001 C Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2013 High-power laser experiments to study collisionless shock generation Y. S a k a w a 1,a, Y. Kuramitsu1, T. Morita1,T.Kato2, H. Tanji3,T.Ide3,K.Nishio4, M. Kuwada4, T. Tsubouchi3,H.Ide4,T.Norimatsu1, C. Gregory5,N.Woolsey5, K. Schaar6, C. Murphy6, G. Gregori6, A. Diziere7,A.Pelka7, M. Koenig7, S. Wang8,Q.Dong8,Y.Li8,H.-S.Park9,S.Ross9, N. Kugland9,D.Ryutov9, B. Remington9, A. Spitkovsky10, D. Froula11 and H.Takabe1 1 Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan 2 Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima Univ., 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan 3 Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan 4 Graduate School of Science, Osaka University 1-1, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan 5 Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington YO105DD, UK 6 Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK 7 LULI Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France 8 Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 9 Lawrence Livermore National Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA 10 Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA 11 Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, NY 14623, USA Abstract. A collisionless Weibel-instability mediated shock in a self-generated magnetic field is studied using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation [Kato and Takabe, Astophys. J.
  • Numerical Modeling of Laser-Driven Experiments Aiming to Demonstrate Magnetic Field Amplification Via Turbulent Dynamo P

    Numerical Modeling of Laser-Driven Experiments Aiming to Demonstrate Magnetic Field Amplification Via Turbulent Dynamo P

    Numerical modeling of laser-driven experiments aiming to demonstrate magnetic field amplification via turbulent dynamo P. Tzeferacos, A. Rigby, A. Bott, A. R. Bell, R. Bingham, A. Casner, F. Cattaneo, E. M. Churazov, J. Emig, N. Flocke, F. Fiuza, C. B. Forest, J. Foster, C. Graziani, J. Katz, M. Koenig, C.-K. Li, J. Meinecke, R. Petrasso, H.-S. Park, B. A. Remington, J. S. Ross, D. Ryu, D. Ryutov, K. Weide, T. G. White, B. Reville, F. Miniati, A. A. Schekochihin, D. H. Froula, G. Gregori, and D. Q. Lamb Citation: Physics of Plasmas 24, 041404 (2017); doi: 10.1063/1.4978628 View online: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4978628 View Table of Contents: http://aip.scitation.org/toc/php/24/4 Published by the American Institute of Physics Articles you may be interested in Magnetic field production via the Weibel instability in interpenetrating plasma flows Physics of Plasmas 24, 041410 (2017); 10.1063/1.4982044 Particle acceleration in laser-driven magnetic reconnection Physics of Plasmas 24, 041408 (2017); 10.1063/1.4978627 Formation of high-speed electron jets as the evidence for magnetic reconnection in laser-produced plasma Physics of Plasmas 24, 041406 (2017); 10.1063/1.4978883 On the generation of magnetized collisionless shocks in the large plasma device Physics of Plasmas 24, 041405 (2017); 10.1063/1.4978882 A self-consistent analytical model for the upstream magnetic-field and ion-beam properties in Weibel-mediated collisionless shocks Physics of Plasmas 24, 041409 (2017); 10.1063/1.4979187 Development of an inertial confinement fusion platform to study charged-particle-producing nuclear reactions relevant to nuclear astrophysics Physics of Plasmas 24, 041407 (2017); 10.1063/1.4979186 PHYSICS OF PLASMAS 24, 041404 (2017) Numerical modeling of laser-driven experiments aiming to demonstrate magnetic field amplification via turbulent dynamo P.
  • FCI in France Status and Perspective

    FCI in France Status and Perspective

    FCI in France status and perspective Thierry Massard Chief scientist CEA Defense and Security Guy Schurtz (CELIA), Benoit Canaud (CEA), Laurent Grémillet (CEA),Christine Labaune(CNRS) Fusion Power Associates – Washington DC – 1-2 December 2010 Outline • ICF in France : a long history of successes • ICF for energy : a place in the French energy vision ? • LMJ / PETAL a key facility for the IFE in Europe • How France scientific community participates in HiPER (European program for IFE faisability demoinstration) • The French strategy • A world wide forum is necessary for IFE ICF reserach in France was initiated at Ecole Polytechnique, In 1964 with the support of CEA-Limeil In 40 years, 5 national generations of lasers were commissioned, Rubis laser : CO2 laser : Nd laser : 2 beams-200 J – 600 ps (w, 2w, 4w) (1980) Nd laser : 6 beams – 600 J -600 ps (w, 2w, 4w) (1985-2002) Ti/Sa : 100 TW LULI2000 : 2 beams – 2 kJ – 1.5 ns (w, 2w, 3w) 1,00E+15 In 1968 the first fusion events are observed 1,00E+14 100TW Pico2000 1,00E+13 P(W) 1,00E+12 Nd-6F LULI2000 1,00E+11 Nd-1F 1,00E+10 1,00E+09 CO 2 1,00E+08 Rubis 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year C6 laser, delivering up to 600 J Today several critical laser facilities and labs in France • Ecole Polytechnique {LOA, LULI}, • CELIA (Bordeaux) • CEA (Bruyeres, Saclay and Bordeaux) • LCD/ENSMA fs ps ns 6 10 PW LMJ 10 5 LIL 4 10 PW / LIL Nano 2000 1000 ELI TW Pico 2000 Lucia : objectif : 100 J – 10 Hz 100 LULI 100TW Alise 10 LOA LIXAM (Alise) Energie [J] 1 LOA CEA/DSM GW 0,1 CELIA 0,01 0,01 0,1 1 10 100 1000
  • Will Fusion Be Ready to Meet the Energy Challenge for the 21St Century?

    Will Fusion Be Ready to Meet the Energy Challenge for the 21St Century?

    Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience Will fusion be ready to meet the energy challenge for the 21st century? This content has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text. 2016 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 717 012002 (http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/717/1/012002) View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Download details: IP Address: 182.253.72.56 This content was downloaded on 29/06/2016 at 21:10 Please note that terms and conditions apply. 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA 2015) IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 717 (2016) 012002 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012002 Will fusion be ready to meet the energy challenge for the 21st century? Yves Bréchet – Haut-Commissaire à l’Energie Atomique CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France Thierry Massard CEA DAM-Ile de France, Bruyères le Chatel, 91297 Arpajon, France Abstract. Finite amount of fossil fuel, global warming, increasing demand of energies in emerging countries tend to promote new sources of energies to meet the needs of the coming centuries. Despite their attractiveness, renewable energies will not be sufficient both because of intermittency but also because of the pressure they would put on conventional materials. Thus nuclear energy with both fission and fusion reactors remain the main potential source of clean energy for the coming centuries. France has made a strong commitment to fusion reactor through ITER program. But following and sharing Euratom vision on fusion, France supports the academic program on Inertial Fusion Confinement with direct drive and especially the shock ignition scheme which is heavily studied among the French academic community.
  • Laboratory Radiative Accretion Shocks on GEKKO XII Laser Facility for POLAR Project

    Laboratory Radiative Accretion Shocks on GEKKO XII Laser Facility for POLAR Project

    Article submitted to: High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 2018 April 10, 2018 Laboratory radiative accretion shocks on GEKKO XII laser facility for POLAR project L. VanBox Som1,2,3, E.´ Falize1,3, M. Koenig4,5, Y.Sakawa6, B. Albertazzi4, P.Barroso9, J.-M. Bonnet- Bidaud3, C. Busschaert1, A. Ciardi2, Y.Hara6, N. Katsuki7, R. Kumar6, F. Lefevre4, C. Michaut10, Th. Michel4, T. Miura7, T. Morita7, M. Mouchet10, G. Rigon4, T. Sano6, S. Shiiba7, H. Shimogawara6, and S. Tomiya8 1CEA-DAM-DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France 2LERMA, Sorbonne Universit´e,Observatoire de Paris, Universit´ePSL, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France 3CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu/Service d’Astrophysique, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 4LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA : Universit Paris-Saclay ; UPMC Univ Paris 06 : Sorbonne Universit´e- F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France 5Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan 6Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan 7Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan 8Aoyamagakuin University, Japan 9GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Universit´eParis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit´e,F-75014 Paris, France 10LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Universit´eParis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit´e,F-92195 Meudon, France Abstract A new target design is presented to model high-energy radiative accretion shocks in polars. In this paper, we present the experimental results obtained on the GEKKO XII laser facility for the POLAR project. The experimental results are compared with 2D FCI2 simulations to characterize the dynamics and the structure of plasma flow before and after the collision.
  • Nd Lu Caf2 for High-Energy Lasers Simone Normani

    Nd Lu Caf2 for High-Energy Lasers Simone Normani

    Nd Lu CaF2 for high-energy lasers Simone Normani To cite this version: Simone Normani. Nd Lu CaF2 for high-energy lasers. Physics [physics]. Normandie Université, 2017. English. NNT : 2017NORMC230. tel-01689866 HAL Id: tel-01689866 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01689866 Submitted on 22 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE Pour obtenir le diplôme de doctorat Physique Préparée au sein de l’Université de Caen Normandie Nd:Lu:CaF2 for High-Energy Lasers Étude de Cristaux de CaF2:Nd:Lu pour Lasers de Haute Énergie Présentée et soutenue par Simone NORMANI Thèse soutenue publiquement le 19 octobre 2017 devant le jury composé de M. Patrice CAMY Professeur, Université de Caen Normandie Directeur de thèse M. Alain BRAUD MCF HDR, Université de Caen Normandie Codirecteur de thèse M. Jean-Luc ADAM Directeur de Recherche, CNRS Rapporteur Mme. Patricia SEGONDS Professeur, Université de Grenoble Rapporteur M. Jean-Paul GOOSSENS Ingénieur, CEA Examinateur M. Maurizio FERRARI Directeur de Recherche, CNR-IFN Examinateur Thèse dirigée par Patrice CAMY et Alain BRAUD, laboratoire CIMAP Université de Caen Normandie Nd:Lu:CaF2 for High-Energy Lasers Thesis for the Ph.D.
  • With Short Pulse • About 7% Coupling Significantly Less Than the Osaka Experiment

    With Short Pulse • About 7% Coupling Significantly Less Than the Osaka Experiment

    Electron/proton generation from solid targets and applications Farhat Beg University of California, San Diego This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE under contracts No.DE-FG02-05ER54834, DE-FC0204ER54789 and DE-AC52-07NA27344. We greatly acknowledge support of Institute for Laser Science Applications, LLNL. Committee on Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences Meeting The National Academy of Sciences Washington DC, April 5, 2011 1 Summary ü Short pulse high intensity laser solid interactions create matter under extreme conditions and generate a variety of energetic particles. ü There are a number of applications from fusion to low energy nuclear reactions. 10 ns ü Fast Ignition Inertial Confinement Fusion is one application that promises high gain fusion. ü Experiments have been encouraging but point towards complex issues than previously anticipated. ü Recent, short pulse high intensity laser matter experiments show that low coupling could be due to: - prepulse - electron source divergence. ü Experiments on fast ignition show proton focusing spot is adequate for FI. However, conversion efficiency has to be increased. 2 Outline § Short Pulse High Intensity Laser Solid Interaction - New Frontiers § Extreme conditions with a short pulse laser § Applications § Fast Ignition - Progress - Current status § Summary Progress in laser technology 10 9 2000 Relativistic ions 8 Nonlinearity of 10 Vacuum ) Multi-GeV elecs. V 7 1990 Fast Ignition e 10 ( e +e- Production y 6 Weapons Physics g 10 Nuclear reactions r e 5 Relativistic
  • VI. Nuclear Fusion Energy

    VI. Nuclear Fusion Energy

    R &D OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES ANNEX A VI‐NUCLEAR FUSION ENERGY ANNEX VI – NUCLEAR FUSION ENERGY 276 ‐ TABLE OF CONTENTS ‐ AVI‐1 Research and development opportunities for .......................... 278 fusion energy Ray Fonck AVI‐2 Fusion energy using Tokamaks ............................................... 282 Predhiman K. Kaw, AVI‐3 Physics issues on magnetically confined fusion plasmas ......... 289 Stellarator devices Carlos Hidalgo Carlos Hidalgo AVI‐4 Status Report on inertial fusion energy ................................... 294 Burton Richter AVI‐5 Report on laser fast ignition for inertial fusion energy............ 300 Kunioki Mima ANNEX VI – NUCLEAR FUSION ENERGY 277 Annex A – Section 6.1 AVI‐1 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUSION ENERGY Raymond Fonck University of Wisconsin – Madison The goal of the world fusion energy research programs is the development of practical energy production from the fusing of light nuclei, e.g., deuterium and tritium, in a hot ionized gas (or plasma). Fusion research is still in an overall concept development activity, and has not reached the stage for building a demonstration reactor. Its ultimate success of producing an economically attractive new energy source lies well into the future. The realization of an attractive fusion reactor concept will depend on future developments in fusion science and technology, economics, energy needs, national priorities, etc. Many outstanding scientific and technical issues have to be resolved, and it is premature to define the exact features required for an attractive energy source based on fusion. Nevertheless, some goals for achieving an attractive fusion energy concept are readily identified: optimize the plasma pressure and the energy confinement time; minimize the recirculating power needed for sustainment; and develop a simple and reliable plasma confinement configuration.