Third Five-Year Plan Bihar

THIRD FIVE-YEAR PLAN BIHAR Volume I PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT SECRETARIAT PRESS, BIHAR, PATNA 1961 J ^ S Planned development has been undertaken in our country with the twin aim of building up, by democratic means, a rapidly expanding and technologically progressive economy, and a social order based on justice and offering equal opportunity to every citizen. We have had two Plans so far and the Third Plan, initiated in the current year, represents the first phase in a scheme of long-term development extending over the next fifteen years or so, during which period the country’s economy must not only expand rapidly but must, at the same time, become self-reliant and self-generating. 2. The urgency to bring about rapid expansion of the economy is more acute in Bihar because of the greater dependence on a stagnant agricultural base and the consequent prevalence, on a large scale, of conditions of poverty, even by all-India standards. The first two Five-Year Plans of the State have made some impact on the economy ; but have also thrown up the extent of the stagnation and the enormity of the efforts required to assure a good life to every citizen in the State. 3. The Third Plan of the State has, therefore, been drawn up as a programme of action much larger in size compared to the First or the Second. It is yet not large enough to meet the needs of the people of the State and is certainly within their capacity to endeavour. The success of the Plan is essential as it is the first step in the State’s effort towards development, forming part of the national objective to make the economy self-generating and self-reliant. 4. The size of the task that we have set for ourselves in this State during the Third Plan period calls for the dedicated co-operation of everyone in the Plan effort. The State Government are confident that this co-operation would be forthcoming, that the tasks set would be understood and performed with enthusiasm and that necessary leadership would be available at all levels, for making the' common man understand the task and complete it efficiently. BINODANANB JHA Chief Minister^ Bihar, T o i > - ^ ) P i > ' 2 % JH -T^ 11^1 V-) //A V. "V 'ir'‘6i w^'i- The Third Five-Year Plan of the State is being published in two volumes. In the first part of this volume are included chapters enumerating the problems of development and the progress in the First and Second Plan periods as also an outline of the Third Plan. In the second part of this volume details of the programmes of development in the various sectors are given. Volume II, being published separately,' contains statistical appendices giving, among others, figures regarding financial outlays and the physical targets of the schemes included in the Third Plan. CONTENTS Paoe P A R T I PROBLEMS, PROGRESS AND PLAN IN OUTLINE. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION CHAPTER II THE TWO PLANS IN BIHAR CHAPTiSR III APPROACH TO THE THIRD FIVE- 30 YE AR PLAN, CHAPTER IV THE THIRD PLAN PROGRAMMERS IN OUTLINE. P A R T I I PROGRAMMES OF DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER V AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMME 68 1. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 68 2. MINOR IRRiaATION 77 3. SOIL CONSERVATION 79 4. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 81 5. DAIRY AND MILK SUPPLY 95 6 . FORESTS 108 7. FISHERIES 117 8. AGRICULTURAL MARKETING 119 9. WAREHOUSING 120 CHAPTER VI CO-OPERATION AND COMMUNITY 121 DEVELOPMENT. L CO-OPERATION .121 2. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 143 3. VILLAGE PANCHAYATS 153 11 CHAPTER VII IRRIGATION AND POWER 156 1. MAJOR AND MEDIUM IBRIGATION 156 2. FLOOD CONTEOL AND DRAINAGE 159 3. POWER 169 CHAPTER VIII INDUSTRY AND MINING 191 CHAPTER IX TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICA- 210 TIONS. 1. ROADS 210 2. ROAD transport 214 3. INLAND WATER TRANSPORT 222 4. TOURISM 222 CHAPTER X SOCIAL SERVICES 225 1. GENERAL EDUCATION 225 2. TECHNICAL EDUCATION 256 3. HEALTH 257 4. HOUSING 269 5. WELFARE OF BACKWARD CLASSES 272 6. SOCIAL WELFARE 280 7. LABOUR AND LABOUR WELFARE 287 8. PUBLIC CO-OPERATION 304 CHAPTER XI MISCELLANEOUS 306 1. STATISTICS 306 2. INFORMATION AND PUBLICITY 309 3. LOCAL BODIES 312 CHAPTER i INTRODUCTION Efforts towards planned economic development are now more than a decade old. While these efforts were initiated by the awareness of the stagnation in the economy, which was crippling progress, the momentum for further planned action on a larger scale has been provided by the realisation that amelioration of backwardness has to be quick and pro nounced, if the country is to move smoothly in a democratic manner towards the goal of economic well-being in a socialistic pattern of society. The awareness of stagnation in the economy and the need for purposeful action in this regard find mention, in fact, in the Directive Principles of State Policy embodied in tke Gonstitutioii. Planned economic deve lopment is thus an article of faith enjoined by the Constitution, and having the sanction of all progressive thought in the country. 2. The machinery for economic development on a planned basis was set up with the constitution of the Planning Commission which is tackling the huge task of framing the Five-Year Plans, keeping in view the social, economic and other objectives. W e have had two such plans and the Third Pive-Year Plan has been launched from the current financial year. The choice of “five years” as a “ plan period” has no sanctity in itself and, in fact, attempts have been repeatedly made to obtain a perspective regarding the growth of the economy over a much longer period and to dovetail the particular Five-Year Plan into the result of the projection thus attempted. The First Five-Year Plan for the country gave a simple projection over the 30 years 1951 to 1981 and it was envisaged that the national income would be doubled by 1970-71 and ftr capita income by 1977-78. When the Second Plan was framed, the better results obtained tiU then induced a more optimistic projec tion, envisaging a doubling of the national income by 1967-68 and per capita income by 1973-74. The preliminary results of the 1961 census have revealed a much larger population growth than was allowed for in the projection when the Second Plan was drawn up. If the objectives cf doubling the national income are stUl to hold good, it is now felt that the rate of growth of national income during the Third Plan period should be around 6 per cent per annum. 3. Any attempt at projecting long-term economic development and planning to reach certain stages of economic growth involves an intimate understanding of the economy at the time when the projection is attempted and of the maximum possible quantum of investment effort which should be reasonably expected from the various factors that would contribute to economic development. An assessment of both the natural and human resources is essential and, of course, the problem does not involve merely a computation of the extent to which these resources can be exploited as they are, but includes the question of their 2 7( a) D. C. development as well. Development of human and natural resources leads to more efficient exploitation at a later period; and it is in this sense that planning is always a dynamic programme. 4. Even while attempting projection of long-term development, the Planning Commission will have before it, not merely the picture of India as a whole, but also the special needs and problems of the various regions. We have a federal constitution and hence certain functions devolve on the States, others either devolve on the Centre alone or concurrentlj^onboth the States and the Centre. The Planning Commission, in consultation with the various Ministries in the Government of India and the State Governments, determines not merely the outlay in the public sector during the plan period, but also the distribution of the outlay between the Union on the one hand and the various States on the other. The States, therefore, have to assess firstly the possibilities of development within those sectors that are allotted to them as also to suggest to the Union the developmental activities, falling within its sector, that should be undertaken in the State. This two-fold study of requirements is also essential in order to ensure that regional disparities do not develop in the all-India context. 5. It is weU-known that at the time of Independence India had a slender industrial base and a traditional agricultural structure, the pressure on which was continuously increasing on account of the growth in population. Low levels of productivity characterised both industry and agriculture, and the economy as a whole was in a state of stagna tion. Bihar was in no way an exception to the general conditions prevailing in the country and in fact stagnation was much greater on account of the higher agrarian content in the State’s economy and a larger density of population. The State accounts for about 1/llth of the total population although its area is only l/20th of the area of the country as a whole. There has been a significantly steep rise in popula tion of Bihar after 1921. In the 30 years up to 1921, the increase in population in the area now in this State was only 9 lakhs, but between 1921 and 1951 the total increase was 110 lakhs. The average rate of growth before 1921 was 0.1 per cent per annum but this increased to 1.26 per cent per annum thereafter.

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