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Breakthrough in Milkfish Breeding Vannamiplus Issue No. 2 (Special Issue) 2015 - 2016 www.ciba.res.in ISO 9001:2008 Breakthrough in Milkfish breeding P 4 Plus Vannami - cost effective desi feed for vannamei P 14 Dr. Trilochan Mohapatra - New DG, ICAR & Secretary DARE P 33 Contents 14 06 Industry opinion 16 Events 17 Farmers Speak 07 08 Technology Transfer and MoUs' 23 CIBA News in Media 26 Human Resource Development 28 Know your species 30 Swachh Bharat Abhiyan 31 TV Talks 32 National Surveillance of Aquatic Animal Diseases 10 New Director-General took charge 33 Publications 34 Shrimp farming in the era of changing climate 12 Personnel 35 Published by Editorial Committee Editorial Assistance Dr. K.K. Vijayan Dr. M. Muralidhar Mr. S. Nagarajan Director, ICAR-CIBA, Dr. M. Kumaran Chennai - 28 Design & Print Dr. K.P. Kumaraguru Vasagam Mr. T. Sathish Kumar Modern Reflections Ms. Babita Chennai Mr. Jose Antony Dr. K.K. Vijayan ICAR-CIBA - a nodal R&D agency working in brackishwater aquaculture for the past three decades with a vision of environmentally sustainable, economically viable and socially acceptable seafood production. Technology backstopping and interventions by the institute is benefiting the sector to the tune of Rs 10,000 crore annually. Front cover : Hatchery produced milk fish fry Back cover : CIBA trained farmer Shri. A Baburaj receiving Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Antodaya Krishi Puraskar- 2016” by ICAR from Honb. Union agriculture minister. An entrepreneur cheerfully holding a bag of hatchery produced milkfish seeds during the event of seed release HAVING MULTI-TROPHIC ASSEMBLAGE OF CANDIDATE SPECIES AND DIVERSIFIED REARING SYSTEMS ARE KEY DRIVERS TO BRING SUSTAINABLE BRACKISHWATER FROM THE AQUACULTURE DIRECTOR’S DESK n brackishwater aquaculture In this direction, CIBA has made stakeholders and farmers, and footprint of fish production commendable progress in the results are visible in the Ion potable water is negligible. developing technologies for seed, form of partnership agreement Furthermore, the pressure on fish feed and husbandry of diversified (MOUs) on a public-private farming due to climate change food fishes such as seabass, partnership (PPP) mode. Also, and decreasing freshwater cobia, milkfish, pearlspot, long CIBA has developed close resources, much of the expansion whiskers catfish, mud crab and 5 working relationship between in aquaculture is expected native species of shrimp. In this the state government and other to occur in brackishwater context, we are proud in declaring government agencies working for and marine environments. the breakthrough achieved in the development of brackishwater Brackishwater environments are captive breeding of milkfish in aquaculture in the country rich in biodiversity and productive our finfish hatchery at Muttukadu by sharing the strength and ecosystems than the open marine in June 2015 for the first time weaknesses, which provided a waters, which are generally in this country. CIBA scientists new synergy. challenging for maneuver, continue to work on species therefore brackishwater resources such as grey mullet and red The year 2015-16 is behind us, are perceived as ideal for scaling snapper to have a comprehensive and when look back, this has up of aquaculture production in multitrophic species assemblage been an eventful year for CIBA, future. to judiciously and responsibly with significant success stories, utilise feed and food resources useful and meaningful research Currently, brackishwater sector in the dynamic brackishwater outcomes, achievements and in the country is centered on sector. CIBA also perfected events. I take this opportunity to farming of single species, exotic the technology on breeding of thank all the stakeholders for the vannamei shrimp, which accounts brackishwater ornamental such continued support, and CIBA for the 90% of the farmed shrimp as chromides, scat, mono angel feel pleased to bring the 2nd production. ICAR-CIBA realize the and crescent perch opening up special issue of the CIBANEWS risk of complete dependence on a new brackishwater ornamental which carries the significant single species. CIBA being a nodal portfolio. achievements, events, and research institute in brackishwater outcomes of CIBA in 2015 and aquaculture, it continues to We also focus on alternative 2016. stress upon the diversification of aquaculture systems such brackishwater aquaculture with as integrated multi-trophic different candidate species of aquaculture systems (IMTA), shellfish and finfish. This will enable family farming, polyculture and us to judiciously and responsibly organic farming. Further, we have use the nations brackishwater taken sincere efforts to bridge the Dr. K.K. Vijayan resources. relationship between the Director 2015 - 2016 І CIBANEWS 3 Breakthrough in breeding of Milkfish broodstock maintained in 100 t captive-reared milkfish capacity broodstock tank at CIBA (Chanos chanos) ilkfish (Chanos chanos) is a fast growing, big a total of seven spawning were observed with average egg size brackishwater food fish ideal for farming production of 111232 eggs/spawning. Total larvae produced Min coastal waters. Being a herbivore, milkfish are 307699 with 75.1 % fertilization rate and 71.2 % hatching can grow rapidly in natural water bodies by feeding rate. The mean total length of the newly hatched larvae was on benthic algae, lab-lab, phytoplankton and detritus 3.4 mm. Continuous production and larval rearing are being matter. They also very well accept low protein pellet feed conducted, with the further fine tuning of the seed production under culture conditions and grow to the marketable protocols. On successful rearing, the milkfish larvae reached size of 500 g in six months. Farmed milkfish fingerlings to the early fry stage (15mm) on 20 day post hatch (dph). are preferred as live bait for tuna fishing using a long Milkfish seed produced in the hatchery were distributed to the line. In India, milkfish farming is still depending on farmers from different maritime states across the country. the wild resources for seeds, which is of poor quality and supply is unreliable. Visualizing the significance Indian consumer surveys indicate high fish consumption in West of milkfish and need for the diversification of species Bengal and Odisha as most of the people consume fish on day ICAR-CIBA has initiated the milkfish breeding program to day basis and there is a good demand for milkfish. These at its Muttukkadu Experimental Station (MES) a few states also have traditional polyculture of many fish species years back and did a focused research on broodstock which includes milkfish also. Also, milkfish can be cultured in development and induced breeding protocols in land coastal waters, estuaries and brackishwater water bodies such based rearing systems. as Chlika lake in Odisha, Pulicat lake in Tamil Nadu/Andhra Pradesh, Bheries in West Bengal, backwater in Kerala, Goa As a result of constant efforts by ICAR-CIBA, for the first and Karnataka. Milkfish being similar in look and spiny nature time in this country, artificial breeding of milkfish under as hilsa, it can have a ready market with a selling price of captive conditions was achieved on 8th June 2015. A total Rs.150/Kg in Kerala, West Bengal, Odisha and other North of 80, 000 eggs of 1.23 mm mean size were obtained Eastern states of India and can be recognized as Decan Hilsa and fertilization rate achieved was 18.8%. After 22 hours in the domestic market. Milkfish hatchery technology will be post fertilization, eggs hatched into transparent larvae of useful for setting up hatcheries in these states. The institute has 3.4 mm mean length and the hatching rate was 41%. As transferred milkfish hatchery technology to M/s Aditya fish a milestone in the history of Indian aquaculture, 3000 hatcheries, Andhra Pradesh. milkfish fry of 3.2 cm size were produced and handed over to the farmers for further rearing. Successively, 4 CIBANEWS І 2015 - 2016 Embryonic development of milkfish 8 hpf 12 hpf 5 hpf 14 hpf 26 hpf Larvae 1 dph 25 hpf 22 hpf 24 hpf Milkfish fry ready for nursery rearing April 2010 - March 2015 І CIBANEWS 5 Adult Mystus gulio Captive breeding of bodies, and acclimatized to hatchery condition (5-20 ppt salinity) with provision of maturity diet. Selected matured female (>150 g) and male Mystus gulio: Yet (>50 g) distinguished by external morphological characteristics are induced with hormones for spawning. Single intramuscular injection of another brackishwater gonadotropin or LHRHa to female and half the dose to male resulted fish for region specific in good spawning. Fertilized eggs are demersal and sticky, and demand provision of substrate in the form of nylon net fibre for their attachment. markets It is a low fecund fish and total fecundity ranges from 25000 to 150000 eggs depending on size of female. Hatching takes place post ystus gulio is a commercially important 16-18 h of fertilization. brackishwater catfish locally known as M“Nuna Tengra”, which is an important The newly hatched larvae start feeding from 2 days post hatching (dph) small indigenous fish species (SIS) of the Sundarban before the yolk sac gets completely absorbed at 3 dph. In larval rearing delta, West Bengal. In natural water bodies, they tank, larvae are fed initially with green algae and egg custard from 2 feed on organic matter and small crustaceans. dph, then with Artemia nauplii and egg custard from 3 dph, Artemia Availability of this fish from natural water bodies nauplii alone from 5 dph, Artemia nauplii and crumbled feed from 8 has been reduced due to overexploitation and dph and exclusively with crumbled feed from 15 dph. In 30-35 dph, fry environmental degradation. This resulted in attained 48-50 mm size and cost of production was calculated as Rs. high market demand and price for this fish, and 30 per 100 fry. eventually stirred interest for farming. Mystus cat fish attains a maximum size of 30 cm (250 g) in a year in the optimum salinity range of 5-12 ppt.
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