Tourist Guide Introduction Table of contents I. Introduction.............................................................. 3 II. Outline of history...................................................... 4 III. Chełmska Mountain................................................. 10 IV. Green Koszalin.......................................................... 14 V. Old Town Tourist Route............................................ 18 VI. Culture..................................................................... 30 1. Cultural events.............................................. 30 2. Museums and exhibitions............................. 34 3. Cultural activities.......................................... 38 VII. Active leisure pursuits in Koszalin............................ 40 VIII. On the tourist route................................................. 44 Editing: Katarzyna Rojek Translation: Piotr Trojanek Photos: Marcin Karasiński Graphic design and DTP: Aleksandra Cyrny Koszalin: bird’s eye view Koszalin as a tourist des- where significant cultural tination is charming with its events of an international re- Publication commissioned by: historical atmosphere and nown are held; at the same The Municipality in Koszalin the fascinating present day. time, this is a centre of active ul. Rynek Staromiejski 6-7, 75-007 Koszalin This is a town both with many tourism and diverse forms tel. (+48) 94 348 86 00, faks (+48) 94 348 86 25 monuments and numerous of recreation; for these, the www.koszalin.pl modern architectural solu- local natural values and the tions. Koszalin is also a place popularity of ecology are es- pecially favourable. Finally, Copyright by: this is a town where there is always something going on: where everybody can enjoy life to the full. ul. Szosa Chełmińska 124, 87-100 Toruń tel./faks (+48) 56 651 19 61 www.pwr.com.pl Edition 1/2013 ISBN: 978-83-62826-23-0 3 Outline of history by Germans) as the Vistula the charter for the Norber- Veneti. Pomeranians referred tines from the Białoboki vil- to them as Polans. The old- lage near the town of Trzebi- est tracks of the dominat- atów. ing Kashubian tribal town, which was found in this pe- Establishment riod, were discovered by ar- of the Town chaeologists in the present No specific information town of Białogard; soon about the pre-foundation afterwards, the largest set- settlement is preserved from tlement in the region was the times of the Piast con- established in Budzistowo quests of the West Pomera- (Stary Kołobrzeg). In the area nian period of the creation of of Koszalin the settlement the Grifit state, it was situat- in Kretomino dating back to ed on the east frontiers of the 8-10th centuries performed Kołobrzeska castellany in the this function. In this period, Kashubian principality with the pagan cult became active the main centre of authority on the Chełmska Mountain, in the town of Szczecin. Upon at that time known as the the order by Prince Barnim Outline of history Holm (Cholm, Golm). It is this I, the land of Kołobrzeg with centre that the beginnings of Koszalin was included in the Koszalin as an ancillary settle- dominion of the bishops of ment for a pagan temple or a Kamień. The establishment of fair are to be connected with. the town ‘in cruda radice’ ac- The name was recorded for Cast of the oldest seal of Koszalin from 13th century: cording to the Lubeck law was the first time in the year 1214 collections of the National Archive in Szczecin done by the bishop Herman as “villam… Cossalitz… iuxta von Gleichen with the Char- Cholin in Cholebergensi terri- ter dated 23 May 1266. The Ancient history torio” (the village of Koszalin German colonists Marquard near the Chełmska Mountain and Hartmann were the Ca. 11,000 years ago after of the archaeological sites in in the land of Kołobrzeg) in first settlers and at the same the retreat of the Scandina- Dzierżęcino later brought fur- vian glacier, the first people: ther discoveries also to con- a nomadic group of rein- firm settlement in this area deer hunters appeared near between the year 6000 and what is the today’s Kosza- the year 4000 BC. The finds of lin. The tracks of their stay tools from this period come were discovered in the area also from other areas of the of the Lubiatowskie Lake present Town: from ul. Dwor- in the form of a camp near cowa, the Chełmska Moun- Kretomino and handle bow tain, Jamno and Lubiatowo arrow heads in the area of villages. Bonin and Lubiatowo. Near Dzierżęcino village, arche- Early Middle Ages ologists found the tracks of a After the great migration stay and flint tools of people of people, the Slavic tribes from the Mesolithic culture of Kashubians arrived to Po- (the middle stone age) that merania at the end of the date back to the year 8000 sixth century. They were Foundation charter of Koszalin dated 23 May 1266: BC. A thorough examination called by Romans (and later collections of the National Archive in Greifswald 4 5 Outline of history Outline of history time the aldermen of the town of Cussalin. From this moment on, the local Slavic people were downgraded to an ancillary role and in time they were completely ger- manized. A successful devel- opment of the Town, which had over 3,000 citizens in a knight in a silver armour peak periods up to 19th cen- on a white horse who holds tury, was ensured by further a red shield with the Piast endowments as well as trade white eagle in one hand and and economic charters in- a pennant with a griffin in Model of the port of Koszalin 14th – 17th centuries: cluding the right to organize the other hand. The emblem Museum in Koszalin fairs, minting the Town’s own of the Town, with the stamp coin and even the right to sea of Prince Bogusław II as the Kingdom of Prussia. With a in 1816 turned out to be model, was drawn up support from King Frederick significant for the develop- in the heraldic respect Wilhelm I, the Town was re- ment of Koszalin. As a result by Tadeusz Przypkowski built after the great fire in the of it, Regierungbezirk Köslin from Jędrzejów, and was year 1718, when the castle (the Koszalin Regency) was approved on the grounds was burnt down; it was only established in the borders of a resolution by the the church and a part of the which were similar to those Town Council dated 10 houses that survived. Dur- of the Koszalińskie Province Feb. 1959. ing the Napoleon wars, the in the period of 1950-1977. Little Corporal army includ- At that time, there was a In the Prussian times ing the first infantry regi- significant economic devel- The heirless death of ment of Prince Antoni Paweł opment. The population Prince Bogusław XIV, the Sułkowski marched two numbers, which exceeded last Grifit ruler, in the times through the Town. The 10 thousand in 1858, also Fragment of the oldest map reform of the Prussian state increased; in the year 1939, of the West Pomerania according year 1637, caused the to Artopeus from Koszalin from conditions of the heredi- the year 1544: Museum in Koszalin tary treaty concluded with Brandenburg to be- trade. Koszalin, owing to its gin to be realized, as a result own port by the Jamno Lake, of which the Hohenzollerns became a member of Hanza. became the sovereigns of After the reformation of the West Pomerania. To their ti- secularization of the bishop’s tles, they added: the “Prince dominion in Koszalin, a Ren- (…) of Pomerania, Kashubi- aissance prince’s castle was ans and Veneti”. These deci- built. The princes from the sions were recorded in the Grifit’s dynasty resided there: Westphalian treaty, which the builder of the castle Jan ended the thirty-year war Frederick, Kazimierz, Francis that enfeebled Pomerania and his son Ulrick as the last and Koszalin; yet, they were prince. realized only in the year 1653 after the Swedish armies Emblem of Koszalin had retreated from Koszalin. The emblem of Koszalin After the year 1701, Koszalin Koszalin after the great fire in 1718 presents a blue shield with was in the boundaries of the Oil picture from 19th century: Museum in Koszalin 6 7 Outline of history Outline of history identity and freedom of Pomerania”, popu- larly known as the Birds of Koszalin, is the landmark of the Town. It is situated be- tween the roundabout of Cardinal Ignacy Jeż and the building of the Koszalin University of Technology. Birds, spears and rifles, which symbolize the fight of Polish people, proudly drive on stylized plat- form trailers of cannons straight to the sky on an artificially built hill. Seal matrices of Koszalin Below, ploughs and with the emblem of St John other parts of agricul- the Baptist, 19 century: tural machinery make Museum in Koszalin a reference to the post- war settlement. Several Koszalin had 33.5 thousand Panfiłow and by the sub-units sunflowers and suns of residents. In 19th century, of the 310th Infantry Division. are associated with the Koszalin became famous for At that time, plunders and joy of life. The spatial its factory of smoked salmon arsons occurred, and the sculpture by Władysław and goose breasts. Before houses in the market were Hasior, one which is the the First World War, it boast- probably burnt down for the most extensive, spans Memorial to the Martyrdom ed of the production of LVG, needs of those film makers 80 m, was unveiled in of the Polish Nation aircraft parts in a branch of who documented the “fierce 1982. The artist worked the air plants in Hamburg. A combats for liberation”. On on it himself for two years; he yards, which he later welded modern paper factory, with the grounds of the provi- found the elements in scrap together. one thousand of employees, sions of the Yalta treaty, the was the largest plant before West Pomerania with Kosza- the Second World War.