JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Renewable Energy Potential in India and Future Scope

1 S.Swathi Reddy, Assistant Professor 2Saidarao Nerella , Assistant Professor Dept. OF EEE, Dept. OF EEE, Malla Reddy Engineering College For Women Malla Reddy Engineering College For Women Hyderabad,India Hyderabad,India [email protected] [email protected] Abstract— India was the only country in the world to have Solar Loan Programme in India supported by the UNA Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Resources (MNRE), in the (UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT) has got the Energy early 1982s. Installed capacity of India is 329.5 GW, in this by Globe World award. Inside a traverse of three years over more using renewable 57.47 GW of power is generating according than 16,500 sunlight based homes have been financed through from the June 2017 data. Renewable power generating 2,000 banks. In 2009, Government of India started to dispatch, from wind is of 60%, and from solar is 20%. Large hydro power plant installed capacity is 44.45 GW according from the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission under the National February 2017 data and is undertaken separately by the Action Plan on Climate Change expects to create 1,000 MW Ministry of Power and it is not the part of MNRE. There are of energy by 2013 and up to 20,000 MW matrix based very high targets in India by 2022 in renewable sector, Such an sunlight based power, 2,000 MW of off-framework sun important and ambitious targets will make India the world’s oriented power and cover 20×106 m2 (220×106 sq ft) with leader in usage and placed India in the centre authorities before the finish of the last period of the mission of its International Solar Alliance project, which increases the by the year 2020. Achieving these objectives will make India development of solar power worldwide more than 120 countries. as a worldwide pioneer in sun oriented power age. Since 2014 onwards MNRE made an action plans in the renewable energy sector to make a high jump and building the Annual solar-power generation strong foundation of renewable sector in India. MNRE produced 50 GW in 2016 and their plan is to produce 175 GW by the year 2022, in this 100 GW from solar, 60 GW from wind, 10 GW from Year Solar power generation (billion kwh) bio-mass and 5 GW from mini hydro power plants. The government aims to meet 40% of the cumulative electric power is 2013-14 3.35 from non fossil fuel sources by 2030.

I. INTRODUCTION 2014-15 4.60

From the few years Renewable Energy in India has an 2015-16 7.45 important role in the grid connected power generation. It helps the government of India to meet its power demand very easily. 2016-17 12.09 India is having a very huge potential of renewable energy sources, if these resources are used properly most of the power demand in India can be met by these renewable energy IMPORTANT SOLAR POWER PLANTS IN INDIA sources. The government of India has a very good planning is the fastest growing industry and and targets for the usage of renewable energy in future. continuing to develop the electricity with solar power projects in Tamil Nadu,Rajasthan,Gujarat and Maharashtra. Some of The other important achievements are increasing the the important solar parks in India are: technologies in the generation of power in solar, wind energy, Bio-mass energy and small hydro power plants to meet the 1. , Rajasthan countries power demand very easily. In this paper I am going Solar Park near Jodhpur district of Rajasthan is the largest to discuss about the potential of renewable energy sources in solar park in India, spread over a total area of 10,000 acres. India, in this regard I am discussing about the solar, wind, The park has total capacity of 2,255 MW and NTPC Bio-mass and small hydro power plants and Indian announced that it had commissioned 115 MW on 22 Feb2017. government future targets. 2. Kamuthi Solar Power Project, Tamil Nadu II. SOLAR POWER IN INDIA Kamuthi Solar Power Project is the largest single location solar power plant in the world, located at Kamuthi in Tamil India is having very huge amount of solar radiation. The first Nadu. The Kamuthi solar plant the world’s largest solar power application of solar power is water pumping and also off grid plant with a capacity of 648 MW commissioned by Adani street lightening. 14,000 sq mi region is utilized to create 750 Power. to 2000 giga watts of sun oriented power in thar desert. Solar power is increasing very rapidly year over year in India The

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3. Charanka Solar Park, Gujarat Charanka village solar park is one of the Asia’s biggest solar park, located at northern Gujarat. The site is the world’s second largest photovoltaic power station and spread across 5,384 acres of unused land

4. Sakri Solar Plant, Maharashtra Sakri Solar Power Plant is the largest solar power plant in Maharashtra, located at Dhule district in Maharashtra. The 125 MW Shivajinagar Sakri solar plant is also one of the largest of its kind solar projects in the country.

5. Welspun Solar MP Project, Madhya Pradesh Welspun Solar MP project of 151 MW is one of the largest solar power projects in India. The project will use for electricity generation and an upcoming 750MW solar power plant in Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh will be largest solar plant in India.

6. Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park, Rajasthan Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park was constructed by Reliance Industries near Pokhran in the Jaisalmer district of Rajasthan. The solar park is one of the largest in the Thar Desert and also biggest in the state of Rajasthan.

III. WIND ENERGY IN INDIA

Wind power generation capacity in India has significantly increased in recent years. From 2017 the total installed wind power capacity was 32.72 GW, mainly spread across the South, West and North regions. By the end of 2015, India had the world. The levelised tariff of wind energy became a record low of Rs 2.64 per kWh (without any direct or indirect subsidies) during auctions for wind projects in October 2017. Before that the tariff was Rs. 3.42/kWh in August 2017 in a competitive bid managed by TANGEDCO (Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation.

Solar Resource Map of India

Windmills on the Tirumala hills in Andhra Pradesh

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Installed Wind Power Capacity: Year wise Targets of wind Power Projects:

Installed Wind Power Capacity

Year Cumulative Capacity (in MW)

2005 6,270

2006 7,850

2007 9,587

2008 10,925

2009 13,064

2010 16,084

2011 18,421

2012 20,149

2013 21,264

2014 23,354

2015 26,769

2016 32,280

IV. SMALL HYDRO POWER IN INDIA State Wise Wind Power Installed Capacity: MNRE has been vested with the responsibility of developing Small Hydro Power (SHP) projects up to 25 MW station capacities. The estimated potential for power generation in the country from such plants is about 20,000 MW. Most of the potential is in Himalayan States as river-based projects and in other States on irrigation canals. The SHP programme is now essentially private investment driven. Projects are normally economically viable and private sector is showing lot of interest in investing in SHP projects. The viability of these projects improves with increase in the project capacity. The Ministry’s aim is that at least 50% of the potential in the country is harnessed in the next 10 years. An estimated potential of about 20,000 MW of small hydro power projects exists in India. MNRE has created a database of potential sites of small hydro and 6,474 potential sites with an aggregate capacity of 19,749.44 MW for projects up to 25 MW capacity have been identified. There are about 27 Equipment Manufacturers (As on 31.01.2015) of Small Hydro Power Turbine who fabricate almost the entire range and type of SHP equipment listed in MNRE. Manufacturers’ capacity is estimated at about 400 MW per year.

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V. BIO-MASS ENERGY IN INDIA  List of commissioned biomass power projects up to 2016 The current availability of biomass in India is estimated at about 500 million metric tonnes per year. Studies sponsored Up to by the Ministry has estimated surplus biomass availability at 31.03.2 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- Total about 120 – 150 million metric tonnes per annum covering State 012 13 14 15 16 (MW) agricultural and forestry residues corresponding to a potential Andhra 17.5 380.75 of about 18,000 MW. This apart, about 7000 MW additional Pradesh 363.25 power could be generated through bagasse based cogeneration Bihar 15.5 27.92 43.42 in the country’s 550 Sugar mills, if these sugar mills were to 15 15 279.9 adopt technically and economically optimal levels of Chattisgarh 249.9 10 13.4 12.4 56.3 cogeneration for extracting power from the bagasse produced Gujarat 20.5 by them. Haryana 35.8 9.5 45.3 Biomass has always been an important energy source for the country considering the benefits and promises it offers. It is a Karnataka 441.18 50 112 111 158 872.18 carbon neutral fuel source for the generation of electricity; and Madhya 7.5 10 9 35 apart from providing the much needed relief from power Pradesh 8.5 shortages; biomass power projects could generate employment Maharashtra 603.7 151.2 185.5 184 97 1220.7 in rural areas. About 32% of the total primary energy use in 20 the country is derived from biomass and more than 70% of the Odisha 20 country’s population depends upon it for their energy needs. Punjab 90.5 34 16 15 155.5 Biomass power & cogeneration programme is implemented 10 8 7 108.3 with the main objective of promoting technologies for Rajasthan 83.3 optimum use of country’s biomass resources for grid power Tamil Nadu 532.7 6 32.6 31.6 39 626.9 generation. Biomass materials used for power generation Uttarakhand 10 20 20 13 50 include bagasse, rice husk, straw, cotton stalk, coconut shells, 132 93.5 842 soya husk, de-oiled cakes, coffee waste, jute wastes, and Uttar Pradesh 644.5 groundnut shells, saw dust etc. 10 26 West Bengal 16

Total 3135.3 465.6 412.5 405 400 4831.3 Biomass Energy in India  India produces about 450-500 million tonnes of biomass per VI. RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS IN INDIA year. Biomass provides 32% of all the primary energy use in the country at present. Grid Connected Renewable Power in India up to 2017 2022 AIM Capacity  EAI (Energy Alternatives India) estimates that the potential in Renewable Source (MW) the short term for power from biomass in India varies from (MW) about 18,000 MW, when the scope of biomass is as traditionally defined, to a high of about 50,000 MW if one were to expand the scope of definition of biomass. Wind 32280 60,000

 The current share of bio-fuels in total fuel consumption is extremely low and is confined mainly to 5% blending of Solar 12289 1,00,000 ethanol in gasoline, which the government has made mandatory in 10 states. Biomass power (Biomass &  Currently, biodiesel is not sold on the Indian fuel market, but Gasification and 8182 the government plans to meet 20% of the country’s diesel Bagasse requirements by 2020 using bio-diesel. Cogeneration) 10,000

 Plants like Jatropha curcas, Neem, Mahua and other wild plants are identified as the potential sources for biodiesel Waste-to-Power 114 production in India.

 There are about 63 million ha waste land in the country, out of Mini hydel power 4380 4,000 which about 40 million ha area can be developed by undertaking plantations of Jatropha Total 57244 174,000

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REFERENCES

[1] http://mnre.gov.in [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_India [3] https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/wart [4] http://www.eai.in [5] http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/annual-report/2015- 2016/EN/Chapter%201/chapter_1.htm

Hon'ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi addressing the audience at the Foundation Stone laying of the International Solar Alliance Headquarters building at NISE Campus at Gwalpahari, Gurgaon on 25.1.2016

The participants, mostly in Latin America and Africa but also including the US, China, and France, would work together to increase solar capacity across emerging markets. The inauguration of Interim Secretariat of International Solar Alliance at Surya Bhavan, and the laying of foundation stone for the ISA Secretariat was held at National Institute of Solar Energy at Gwalpahari, Gurgaon on 25 January 2016 by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi and French President Mr. François Hollande.

VII. CONCLUSION

The Integrated Energy Policy Report (IEPR), prepared by the planning commission of India, has recognized renewable energy sources remain important to Indian’s energy sector. India has a huge potential of renewable energy sources and from past few years due to government involvement there is sudden growth in Renewable sectors. Prospect of renewable energy are steadily improving in India with better future. The strategy for achieving these enhanced goals will mainly depend on the active participants of all players i.e. from government agencies of NGO’s; from manufacture to R&D institution, from financial institution to developers and of course a new breed of energy entrepreneurs. To make sure we have plenty of energy in the future, it's up to all of us to use energy wisely. We must all conserve energy and use it efficiently. It's also up to those who will create the new energy technologies of the future. All energy sources have an impact on the environment. Concerns about the greenhouse effect and global warming, air pollution, and energy security have led to increasing interest and more development in renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, Bio-mass, small hydro power projects.

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