1St Quarter FY2001 Bulletin
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Prevention of Traumatic Corneal Ulcer in South East Asia
FROM OUR SOUTH ASIA EDITION Prevention of traumatic corneal ulcer in South East Asia S C AE Srinivasan/ (c)M Country Principal Investigator and Lead Principal Investigator with village health workers in Bhutan Dr. M. Srinivasan ciasis, and leprosy, are declining, and (VVHW) of the Government were utilized Director Emeritus, Aravind Eye Care, soon the majority of corneal blindness will to identify ocular injury and treat corneal Madurai, Tamil Nadu India. be due to microbial keratitis. Most abrasion corneal ulcers occur among agricultural Myanmar: Village Health Workers (VHW) workers in developing countries following of the health department Introduction corneal abrasion. India: paid village volunteers were utilized Corneal ulceration is a leading cause of Several non-randomized prevention visual impairment globally, with a dispro- studies conducted before 2000 Inclusion criteria 2 portionate burden in developing (Bhaktapur Eye Study) and during 2002 • Resident of study area countries. It was estimated that 6 million to 2004 in India, Myanmar, and Bhutan • Corneal abrasion after ocular injury, corneal ulcers occur annually in the ten by World Health Organization(WHO), have confirmed by clinical examination with countries of South East Asia Region suggested that antibiotic ointment fluorescein stain and a blue torch encompassing a total population of 1.6 applied promptly after a corneal abrasion • Reported within 48 hours of the injury billion.1 While antimicrobial treatment is could lower the incidence of ulcers, • Subject aged >5 years of age generally effective in treating infection, relative to neighbouring or historic “successful” treatment is often controls.3-4 Prevention of traumatic Exclusion criteria associated with a poor visual outcome. -
When Is It Minimally Invasive?
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Incision Length for Standard Thyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy When Is It Minimally Invasive? Laurent Brunaud, MD; Rasa Zarnegar, MD; Nobuyuki Wada, MD; Philip Ituarte, PhD; Orlo H. Clark, MD; Quan-Yang Duh, MD Hypothesis: Current techniques for open conven- parathyroidectomy (PϽ.001). It was 4.1 cm for bilateral tional thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy have evolved parathyroid exploration, but was reduced to 3.2 and 2.8 to enable a shorter incision (main proposition), and the cm for unilateral (PϽ.001) and focal (PϽ.001) explora- length of the incision is influenced by objective factors. tions, respectively. By multiple regression analysis, thy- roid specimen volume and patient body mass index were Design: Case series. independent predictors of incision length in thyroidec- tomy. Extent of exploration and resident training level Setting: University referral center. were independent predictors of incision length in parathyroidectomy. Patients and Intervention: Retrospective study of the most recent 200 primary consecutive routine thyroid and Conclusions: Current techniques for open conven- parathyroid operations (excluding neck dissections). tional thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy have evolved to enable a shorter incision. Thyroid volume, patient body Main Outcome Measures: The length of incision was mass index, extent of the planned parathyroid explora- routinely measured with a ruler before the incision. tion, and the resident clinical training stage are impor- Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to dis- tant variables for incision length in open operation and tinguish variables affecting length of incision. should be taken into account when minimally invasive thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy are evaluated. Results: Mean length of the incision was 5.5 cm for to- tal thyroidectomy, 4.6 cm for lobectomy, and 3.5 cm for Arch Surg. -
Inadvertent Parathyroidectomy During Thyroid Surgery for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Postoperative Hypocalcemia
ORIGINAL J Korean Thyroid Assoc ARTICLE Vol. 5, No. 1, May 2012 Inadvertent Parathyroidectomy during Thyroid Surgery for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Postoperative Hypocalcemia Dongbin Ahn, MD1, Jin Ho Sohn, MD, PhD1, Jae Hyug Kim, MD1, Ji Young Park, MD2 and Junesik Park, MD, PhD3 Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery1, Pathology2, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu3, Daegu, Korea Background and Objectives: The aim of this article is to report our experience of inadvertent parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery and to analyze its associated factors and clinical implications. In addition, we attempted to determined causative factors that result in permanent hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 500 patients who underwent thyroid surgery for the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma from 2004 to 2008. Results: Inadvertent parathyroidectomy was identified in 7.4% of patients and only 1 parathyroid gland was inadvertently removed in most cases. The incidence of inadvertent parathyroidectomy was not associated with gender, age, type of surgical procedure, tumor size, coexisting Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), extra-thyroidal extension (ETE), lymph node (LN) metastasis, and surgeon’s experience. Nor was inadvertent parathyroidectomy associated with permanent postoperative hypocalcemia. Although operating time >120 min, ETE, and total thyroidectomy (TT) with central neck dissection (CND) were found to be related to permanent hypocalcemia on univariate analysis, tumor size ≥1 cm and surgeon’s experience ≤5 years was statistically associated with permanent hypocalcemia on both univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusion: Although inadvertent parathyroidectomy is not an uncommon complication of thyroid surgery, it appears to have only modest clinical implications. -
Utah Eye Centers Now Offers the Latest Advance in Laser Eye Surgery
Mark G. Ballif, M.D. Scott O. Sykes, M.D. Michael B. Wilcox, M.D. John D. Armstrong, M.D. Robert W. Wing, M.D., FACS Keith Linford, O.D. Jed T. Poll, M.D. Claron D. Alldredge, M.D. Devin B. Farr, O.D. Michael L. Bullard, M.D. Court R. Wilkins, O.D. Utah Eye Centers Now Offers the Latest Advance In Laser Eye Surgery The New VICTUS® Femtosecond Laser Platform, from Bausch + Lomb is Designed to Support Positive Patient Experience and Outstanding Visual Results in Cataract and LASIK Procedures FOR RELEASE April 17, 2015 Ogden, Utah— Utah Eye Centers, the leading comprehensive ophthalmology practice in northern Utah, announced today the Mount Ogden facility now offers eye surgery for cataracts and LASIK with an advanced laser system, the VICTUS® femtosecond laser platform. They are the only practice north of Salt Lake City with a fixed site femtosecond laser for cataracts and LASIK. The versatile VICTUS platform is designed to provide greater precision compared to manual cataract and LASIK surgery techniques. According to Scott Sykes, M.D., the Victus laser is the only laser approved to perform treatments for both cataract and LASIK surgeries. "With the VICTUS platform, we are able to automate some of the steps that we have commonly performed manually," said Mark Ballif, M.D. "While we have performed thousands of successful cataract and LASIK surgeries, the VICTUS platform helps us to improve the procedures to give our patients the best outcomes possible." The VICTUS platform features a sophisticated, curved patient interface with computer-monitored pressure sensors designed to provide comfort during the procedure. -
Physical Eye Examination
Physical Eye Examination Kaevalin Lekhanont, MD Department of Ophthalmology Ramathibodi Hospp,ital, Mahidol Universit y Outline • Visual acuity (VA) testing – Distant VA test – Pinhole test – Near VA test • Visual field testing • Record and interpretations Outline • Penlight examination •Swingggping penli ght test • Direct ophthalmoscopy – Red reflex examination • Schiotz tonometry • RdditttiRecord and interpretations Conjunctiva, Sclera Retina Cornea Iris Retinal blood vessels Fovea Pupil AtAnteri or c ham ber Vitreous Aqueous humor Lens Optic nerve Trabecular meshwork Ciliary body Choriod and RPE Function evaluation • Visual function – Visual acuity test – Visual field test – Refraction • Motility function Anatomical evaluation Visual acuity test • Distant VA test • Near VA test Distance VA test Snellen’s chart • 20 ฟุตหรือ 6 เมตร • วัดที่ละขาง ตาขวากอนตาซาย • ออานทละตาานทีละตา แถวบนลงลแถวบนลงลางาง • บันทึกแถวลางสุดที่อานได Pinhole test VA with pinhole (PH) Refractive error emmetitropia myypopia hyperopia VA record 20/200 ผูปวยสามารถอานต ัวเลขทมี่ ี ขนาดใหญขนาดใหญพอทคนปกตพอที่คนปกติ สามารถอานไดจากท ี่ระยะ 200 ฟตฟุต แตแตผผปูปวยอานไดจากวยอานไดจาก ที่ระยะ 20 ฟุต 20/20 Distance VA test • ถาอานแถวบนสุดไไไมได ใหเดินเขาใกล chthart ทีละกาวจนอานได (10/200, 5/200) • Counting finger 2ft - 1ft - 1/2ft • Hand motion • Light projection • Light perception • No light perception (NLP) ETDRS Chart Most accurate Illiterate E chart For children age ≥ 3.5 year Near VA test Near chart •14 นวิ้ หรอื 33 เซนตเมตริ • วัดที่ละขาง ตาขวากอนตาซาย • อานทีละตา แถวบนลงลาง -
Nd:YAG CAPS ULOTOMY AS a PRIMARY TREATMENT
PSEUDOPHAKIC MALIGNANT GLAUCOMA: Nd:YAG CAPS ULOTOMY AS A PRIMARY TREATMENT B. C. LITTLE and R. A. HITCHINGS London SUMMARY anisms of ciliolenticular block of aqueous flow leading to Malignant glaucoma is one of the most serious but rare the misdirection of aqueous posteriorly into or in front of complications of anterior segment surgery. It is best the vitreous gel leading to the characteristic diffuse shal known following trabeculectomy but has been reported lowing of the anterior chamber accompanied by a precipi following a wide variety of anterior segment procedures tous rise in intraocular pressure. The mechanistic including extracapsular cataract extraction with pos understanding of its pathogenesis has led to the use of the terior chamber lens implantation. It is notoriously refrac synonyms 'ciliolenticular block',7 'ciliovitreal block', tory to medical treatment alone and surgical intervention 'iridovitreal block',8 'aqueous misdirection' and 'aqueous has had only limited success. An additional treatment diversion syndrome'. Although probably more precise option in pseudophakic eyes is that of peripheral these are unlikely to succeed the original term 'malignant Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy, which is minimally glaucoma', which more accurately evokes the fulminant invasive and can re-establish forward flow of posteriorly nature of the condition as well as the justified anxiety asso misdirected aqueous through into the drainage angle of ciated with it. Medical treatment alone is rarely successful the anterior chamber. We report our experience of seven in establishing control of the intraocular pressure.2•8 Pars cases of malignant glaucoma in pseudophakic eyes and of plana vitrectomy has been used in the surgical managment the successful use of Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy in of malignant glaucoma with some definite but limited suc re-establishing pressure control in' five of these eyes, cess in phakic as well as pseudophakic eyes.9•10 thereby obviating the need for acute surgical However, when malignant glaucoma develops in intervention. -
Outcome of Lens Aspiration and Intraocular Lens Implantation in Children Aged 5 Years and Under
540 Br J Ophthalmol 2001;85:540–542 Outcome of lens aspiration and intraocular lens implantation in children aged 5 years and under Lorraine Cassidy, Jugnoo Rahi, Ken Nischal, Isabelle Russell-Eggitt, David Taylor Abstract However, final refraction is variable, such that Aims—To determine the visual outcome emmetropia in adulthood cannot be guaran- and complications of lens aspiration with teed, as there are insuYcient long term studies. intraocular lens implantation in children There have been many reports of the visual aged 5 years and under. outcome and complications of posterior cham- Methods—The hospital notes of all chil- ber lens implantation in children.4–12 Most of dren aged 5 years and under, who had these have been based on older children, undergone lens aspiration with intraocu- secondary lens implants, a high number of lar lens implantation between January traumatic cataracts, and many have reported 1994 and September 1998, and for whom early outcome. We report visual outcome and follow up data of at least 1 year were avail- complications of primary IOL implantation at able, were reviewed. least 1 year after surgery, in children aged 5 Results—Of 50 children who underwent years and under, with mainly congenital or surgery, 45 were eligible based on the juvenile lens opacities. follow up criteria. 34 children had bilat- eral cataracts and, of these, 30 had surgery Methods on both eyes. Cataract was unilateral in 11 SUBJECTS cases; thus, 75 eyes of 45 children had sur- We reviewed the notes of all children aged 5 gery. Cataracts were congenital in 28 years and under, who had undergone lens aspi- cases, juvenile in 16, and traumatic in one ration with primary posterior chamber in- case. -
Examination of The
Colors and Eye Examination Techniques in Horses Equine Ophthalmology Service University of Florida There are really only 3 ophthalmic diseases!! 1. Corneal ulcers 2. Uveitis 3. Everything else!! Heine C-002-14-400 Heine C-002.14.602 Obvious Things Just stand back and look at the symmetry – Lashes – Discomfort and squinting – Tearing – Colors – Pupil – Clarity of cornea and lens – The normal eye is “shiny” – Anatomy: anterior to posterior 95677 Champagne RMH Lashes pointing down can be early Lashes sign of eye pain (ponies can look through their lashes) Nuclear Sclerosis Ocular Discomfort Level 107656 Dusty UF Res Corneal “Colors” White cornea: abscess or necrosis Blue cornea: edema Red cornea: vessels – Superficial (tree-like) and deep vessels (brush). – Note intensity of the red Dark is thin Shiny is thin Vascular Patterns Redness – Very Red – Pale Symmetry – Asymmetry 189711 154841 194013 Asymmetrical vascularization Callie Edema Corneal Haze – Endothelial – Uveitis Subepithelial scar Corneal abrasion/ulcer Subepithelial inflitrate – Immune mediated Fly – Fungal Mount Oakely IMMK Shooter Epithelial edema Sunshine Chief Barber IMMK Jupiter: DSA Chronic Recurrent Deep Immune Mediated Keratitis Green fluid filled lacunae form in the stroma “Alexiej” May SEK: fungi Candleabra SEK Pupil Size Dilated – Glaucoma – Retinal Disease – Optic Nerve Disease Miotic – Uveitis Deep corneal scrapings at the edge of the ulcer to detect bacteria and fungal hyphae Superficial swabbing cannot be expected to yield microbes in a high percentage of cases. Scrape with handle end of scalpel blade. Fluorescein: Every eye exhibiting signs of pain should be stained!! – Detects a corneal epithelial defect or “ulcer”. – Cobalt blue filter aids detection of abrasions. -
Laser Learning Lecture and Lab: YAG Caps, LPI, And
5/9/17 Overview Laser Learning Lecture and Lab: • Why we use lasers YAG caps, LPI, and SLT • YAG capsulotomy • Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI or PI) Aaron McNulty, O.D., F.A.A.O. • Argon Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty (ALPI) Nate Lighthizer, O.D., F.A.A.O. • Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT) • Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) • Other Laser Trabeculoplasty Why do we use lasers? Posterior Capsular Opacification (PCO) • Vision is decreased from PCO following cataract surgery • Lens capsular bag has an anterior and • Narrow angles/angle closure posterior surface • Glaucoma is progressing in a pt on max meds – Anterior surface usually removed w/ capsulorhexis – Something else needs to be done – Surgery not wanted yet • PCO is the formation of a cloudy membrane • Compliance issues on the posterior surface of the capsular bag • Cost issues following ECCE • Convenience issues – AKA: Secondary cataract • Doctor preference PCO YAG Laser • Incidence: • Nd: YAG laser – Most common complication of post ECCE – Neodymium: Yttrium aluminum garnet laser – 10-80% of eyes following cataract surgery – Can form anywhere from a few days to years post surgery • Tissue interaction: Photodisruptive laser – Younger patients higher risk of PCO – High light energy levels cause the tissues to be reduced – IOL’s to plasma, disintegrating the tissue • Silicone > acrylic – A large amount of energy is delivered into very small focal spots in a very brief duration of time • Prevention: • 4 nsec – – Capsulotomy during surgery No thermal reaction/No coagulation when bv’s are hit – Posterior capsular polishing – Pigment independent* 1 5/9/17 YAG Cap Risks, Complications, YAG Cap Pre-op Exam Contraindications • Visual acuity, glare testing, PAM/Heine lambda Contraindications Risks/complications – Vision 20/30 or worse 1. -
Postoperative Calcium Requirements in 6000 Patients Undergoing
Postoperative Calcium Requirements in 6,000 Patients Undergoing Outpatient Parathyroidectomy: Easily Avoiding Symptomatic Hypocalcemia Marie Vasher, MD, Arnold Goodman, MD, FACS, Douglas Politz, MD, FACS, FACE, James Norman, MD, FACS, FACE BACKGROUND: To determine the amount and duration of supplemental oral calcium for patients with varying clinical presentations discharged immediately after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. STUDY DESIGN: A 4-year, prospective, single-institution study of 6,000 patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism and discharged within 2.5 hours. Based on our previous studies, patients are started on a sliding scale of oral calcium determined by a number of preoperative measures (ie, serum calcium, body weight, osteoporosis) beginning 3 hours post- operation and decreasing to a maintenance dose by week 3. Patients reported all hypocalcemia symptoms daily for 2 weeks. RESULTS: Seven parameters were found to have a substantial impact on the amount of calcium required to prevent symptomatic hypocalcemia: preoperative serum calcium Ͼ12 mg/dL, Ͼ13 mg/dL, and Ͼ13.5 mg/dL, bone density T score less than Ϫ3, morbid obesity, removal of Ͼ1 parathyroid, and manipulation/biopsy of all remaining glands (all p Ͻ 0.05). Each independent variable increased the daily calcium required by 315 mg/day. Using our scaled protocol, Ͻ8% of patients showed symptoms of hypocalcemia, nearly all of whom were successfully self-treated with additional oral calcium. Only 6 patients (0.1%) required a visit to the emergency room for IV calcium, all occurring on postoperative day 3 or later. CONCLUSION: After outpatient parathyroidectomy, a specific calcium protocol has been verified that elimi- nates development of symptomatic hypocalcemia in Ͼ92% of patients, identifies patients at high risk for hypocalcemia, and allows self-medication with confidence in a predictable fashion for those patients in whom symptoms develop. -
Radioguided Surgery of Primary Hyperparathyroidism Using the Low
Radioguided Surgery of Primary Hyperparathyroidism Using the Low-Dose 99mTc- Sestamibi Protocol: Multiinstitutional Experience from the Italian Study Group on Radioguided Surgery and Immunoscintigraphy (GISCRIS) Domenico Rubello, MD1; Maria Rosa Pelizzo, MD2; Giuseppe Boni, MD3; Riccardo Schiavo, MD4; Luca Vaggelli, MD5; Giuseppe Villa, MD6; Sergio Sandrucci, MD7; Andrea Piotto, MD2; Gianpiero Manca, MD3; Pierluigi Marini, MD8; and Giuliano Mariani, MD3 1Nuclear Medicine Service, “S. Maria della Misericordia” Hospital, Rovigo, Italy; 2Department of Surgery, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy; 3Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pisa Medical School, Pisa, Italy; 4Nuclear Medicine Service, “S. Camillo-Forlanini” Hospital, Rome, Italy; 5Nuclear Medicine Service, “Careggi” University Hospital, Florence, Italy; 6Nuclear Medicine Service, “S. Martino” University Hospital, Genoa, Italy; 7Department of Surgery, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy; and 8Division of Surgery, “S. Camillo-Forlanini” Hospital, Rome, Italy (11%) of transient postoperative hypocalcemia. The probe was 99m This study evaluated the accuracy of 99mTc-sestamibi scintigra- of little help in patients with concomitant Tc-sestamibi–avid phy and neck ultrasonography in patients with primary hyper- thyroid nodules and not helpful at all in patients with negative parathyroidism (PHPT) and the role of intraoperative hand-held scan findings preoperatively. IQPTH measurement helped to ␥-probes in minimally invasive radioguided surgery (MIRS) of disclose some cases of multigland parathyroid disease. Con- patients with a high likelihood of a solitary parathyroid adenoma clusion: 99mTc-Sestamibi scintigraphy, especially if combined (PA). The study was undertaken under the aegis of the Italian with neck ultrasonography, is highly accurate in selecting PHPT Study Group on Radioguided Surgery and Immunoscintigraphy candidates for MIRS. -
Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy Versus Bilateral Neck Exploration for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy Versus Bilateral Neck Exploration for Primary Hyperparathyroidism Amanda M. Laird, MD*, Steven K. Libutti, MD KEYWORDS Primary hyperparathyroidism Parathyroidectomy Intraoperative parathyroid hormone Surgery Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy KEY POINTS The gold-standard surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism (10HPT) is cer- vical exploration and identification of all 4 parathyroid glands. Imaging techniques, including ultrasound, sestamibi scans, and 4D-CT scans, have made identification of single parathyroid adenomas possible. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) monitoring is a method to confirm biochemical cure before a patient leaves the operating room. There is some debate surrounding optimal surgical management of 10HPT because cure rates between minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) and bilateral neck exploration (BNE) are equivalent. Advantages of MIP include reduced operative time, reduced recovery time, less postop- erative pain, and lower complication rate with respect to injury to parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerves. INTRODUCTION 10HPT is a common disease, with a prevalence as high as 3%.1 Many advances in the surgical management of 10HPT have been made since the first parathyroidectomy was performed by Felix Mandl in 1925.2 Traditional surgical management consists of identification of all 4 parathyroid glands through a transverse cervical incision.3 Bet- ter understanding of the disease, interest in the practice of endocrine neck surgery, The authors have nothing to disclose. Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Greene Medical Arts Pavilion, 3400 Bainbridge Avenue, 4th Floor, Bronx, NY 10467, USA * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] Surg Oncol Clin N Am 25 (2016) 103–118 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soc.2015.08.012 surgonc.theclinics.com 1055-3207/16/$ – see front matter Ó 2016 Elsevier Inc.