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Agreements That Have Undermined Venezuelan Democracy Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxthe Chinaxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Deals Agreements That Have Undermined Venezuelan Democracy
THE CHINA DEALS Agreements that have undermined Venezuelan democracy xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxThe Chinaxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Deals Agreements that have undermined Venezuelan democracy August 2020 1 I Transparencia Venezuela THE CHINA DEALS Agreements that have undermined Venezuelan democracy Credits Transparencia Venezuela Mercedes De Freitas Executive management Editorial management Christi Rangel Research Coordinator Drafting of the document María Fernanda Sojo Editorial Coordinator María Alejandra Domínguez Design and layout With the collaboration of: Antonella Del Vecchio Javier Molina Jarmi Indriago Sonielys Rojas 2 I Transparencia Venezuela Introduction 4 1 Political and institutional context 7 1.1 Rules of exchange in the bilateral relations between 12 Venezuela and China 2 Cash flows from China to Venezuela 16 2.1 Cash flows through loans 17 2.1.1 China-Venezuela Joint Fund and Large 17 Volume Long Term Fund 2.1.2 Miscellaneous loans from China 21 2.2 Foreign Direct Investment 23 3 Experience of joint ventures and failed projects 26 3.1 Sinovensa, S.A. 26 3.2 Yutong Venezuela bus assembly plant 30 3.3 Failed projects 32 4 Governance gaps 37 5 Lessons from experience 40 5.1 Assessment of results, profits and losses 43 of parties involved 6 Policy recommendations 47 Annex 1 52 List of Venezuelan institutions and officials in charge of negotiations with China Table of Contents Table Annex 2 60 List of unavailable public information Annex 3 61 List of companies and agencies from China in Venezuela linked to the agreements since 1999 THE CHINA DEALS Agreements that have undermined Venezuelan democracy The People’s Republic of China was regarded by the Chávez and Maduro administrations as Venezuela’s great partner with common interests, co-signatory of more than 500 agreements in the past 20 years, and provider of multimillion-dollar loans that have brought about huge debts to the South American country. -
The Top 225 Global Contractors
The Top 225 International Contractors The Top 225 Global Contractors August 18, 2008 This annual issue ranks the 225 largest construction contracting firms from around the world. It also ranks the largest firms in a wide variety of market sectors and geographic markets: Building, Manufacturing, Power, Water, Industrial/Petroleum, Transportation, Hazardous Waste, Sewer/Waste and Telecommunications. In addition, readers will get insights from executives of these top firms about the markets and issues affecting the industry around the world. This and other ENR survey issues are used as reference tools throughout the industry. Companies are ranked according to construction revenue generated in 2007 in US$ millions. Main story: "Prices Soar in a Boom Market" Tables - The 2008 Top 225 International Contractors based on Contracting Revenue from Projects Outside Home Country (with description about how to use the tables) - The 2008 Top 225 Global Contractors based on Total Firm Contracting Revenue (with descriptions about how to use the tables) - The 2008 Top 225 At a Glance: Volume, Profitability, Professional Staff, Backlog, Market Analysis, International Regions - Top 10 by Market: Building, Manufacturing, Power, Water, Transportation, Hazardous Waste, Sewer/Waste, Telecommunications - Top 20 Non-US Firms in International Construction Management/Program Management Fees - Top 20 Non-US in Total CM/PM Fees - Top 10 By Region: Middle East, Asia, Africa, Latin America/Caribbean, Europe, U.S., Canada - How the Top 225 International Contractors Shared the 2007 Market - Where to Find The Top 225 International Contractors - Where to Find The Top 225 Global Contractors Web Only Supplements: "Subsidiaries By Rank"-includes in-depth listings of each firm's subsidiaries "Where the 2008 Top 225 Contractors Worked"-lists the countries in which these firms had work or offices during 2007. -
13. China Becomes a Capital Exporter Trends and Issues
13. China Becomes a Capital Exporter Trends and issues Mei (Lisa) Wang, Zhen Qi and Jijing Zhang Introduction The rapid rise of China’s outbound direct investment (ODI) in the past decade is a significant economic phenomenon. According to China’s Ministry of Commerce, in 2014 Chinese companies invested US$116 billion in 156 countries—about 45 times more than in 2002. If new investments by Chinese companies with an existing foreign presence abroad were included, China’s ODI in 2014 would have exceeded inbound FDI by about US$20 billion—that is, China became a net capital exporting country in 2014 (Ministry of Commerce 2015). The surge in China’s ODI has in fact encountered a lot of resistance in some destination countries. Questions arise about Chinese companies’ investment motivations, and there are concerns expressed about Chinese ODI approaches. Moreover, some consider Chinese investment a threat. Former minister of commerce Deming Chen suggests that only one-third of China’s intended investments in the United States receive approval from authorities (Hornby 2013). In other words, there is a large share of potential Chinese ODI that has failed to go abroad. Similarly, there is the potential of significant benefit, for China and destination countries, in better understanding China’s ODI. This chapter addresses selective concerns about Chinese companies and the resistance they have encountered in their ODI experiences. It particularly focuses on the fact that a significant share of China’s outbound investment is by state-owned firms. The background to China’s state-owned enterprise (SOE) reform process explains why and how SOEs have behaved in making ODI. -
2016 Top 250 International Contractors – Subsidiaries by Rank Rank Company Subsidiary Rank Company Subsidiary
Overview p. 38 // International Market Analysis p. 38 // Past Decade’s International Contracting Revenue p. 38 // International Region Analysis p. 39 // 2015 Revenue Breakdown p. 39 // 2015 New Contracts p. 39 // Domestic Staff Hiring p. 39 // International Staff Hiring p. 39 // Profit-Lossp. 40 // 2015 Backlog p. 40 // Top 10 by Region p. 40 // Top 10 by Market p. 41 // Top 20 Non-U.S. International Construction/Program Managers p. 42 // Top 20 Non-U.S. Global Construction/Program Managers p. 42 // VINCI Builds a War Memorial p. 43 // How Contractors Shared the 2015 Market p. 44 // How To Read the Tables p. 44 // Top 250 International Contractors List p. 45 // International Contractors Index p. 50 // Top 250 Global Contractors List p. 53 // Global Contractors Index p. 58 THE FALCON EMERGES Turkey’s Polimeks is building the NUMBER 40 $2.3-billion Ashgabot International Airport in Turkmenistan. The terminal shape is based on a raptor species. PHOTO COURTESY OF POLIMAEKS INSAATTAAHUT VE SAN TIC. AS TIC. VE SAN OF POLIMAEKS INSAATTAAHUT PHOTO COURTESY International Contractors Seeking Stable Markets Political and economic uncertainty in several regions have global firms looking for markets that are reliable and safe By Peter Reina and Gary J. Tulacz enr.com August 22/29, 2016 ENR 37 0829_Top250_Cover_1.indd 37 8/22/16 3:52 PM THE TOP 250 INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTORS 27.9% Transportation $139,563.9 22.9% Petroleum 21.4% Int’l Market Analysis $114,383.2 Buildings $106,839.6 (Measured $ millions) 10.8% Power $54,134.5 6.0% Other 2.2% 4.1% $29,805.5 0.8% Manufacturing Industrial Telecom $10,808.9 $20,615.7 $ 4,050.5 2.8% 0.2% 1.0% Water Hazardous Sewer/Waste $13,876.8 Waste $4,956.0 $1,210.5 SOURCE: ENR DATA. -
Made in China, Financed in Hong Kong
China Perspectives 2007/2 | 2007 Hong Kong. Ten Years Later Made in China, financed in Hong Kong Anne-Laure Delatte et Maud Savary-Mornet Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/1703 DOI : 10.4000/chinaperspectives.1703 ISSN : 1996-4617 Éditeur Centre d'étude français sur la Chine contemporaine Édition imprimée Date de publication : 15 avril 2007 ISSN : 2070-3449 Référence électronique Anne-Laure Delatte et Maud Savary-Mornet, « Made in China, financed in Hong Kong », China Perspectives [En ligne], 2007/2 | 2007, mis en ligne le 08 avril 2008, consulté le 28 octobre 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/1703 ; DOI : 10.4000/chinaperspectives.1703 © All rights reserved Special feature s e v Made In China, Financed i a t c n i e In Hong Kong h p s c r e ANNE-LAURE DELATTE p AND MAUD SAVARY-MORNET Later, I saw the outside world, and I began to wonder how economic zones and then progressively the Pearl River it could be that the English, who were foreigners, were Delta area. In 1990, total Hong Kong investments repre - able to achieve what they had achieved over 70 or 80 sented 80% of all foreign investment in the Chinese years with the sterile rock of Hong Kong, while China had province. The Hong Kong economy experienced an accel - produced nothing to equal it in 4,000 years… We must erated transformation—instead of an Asian dragon specialis - draw inspiration from the English and transpose their ex - ing in electronics, it became a service economy (90% of ample of good government into every region of China. -
Contemporary Chinese Diasporas Min Zhou Editor Contemporary Chinese Diasporas Editor Min Zhou University of California Los Angeles, CA USA
Contemporary Chinese Diasporas Min Zhou Editor Contemporary Chinese Diasporas Editor Min Zhou University of California Los Angeles, CA USA ISBN 978-981-10-5594-2 ISBN 978-981-10-5595-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-5595-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017950830 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover image © KTSDESIGN / Getty Images Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
2015Corporate Social Responsibility Report China CITIC Bank Co., Ltd
Corporate Social Responsibility Report 2015 China CITIC Bank Co., Ltd. PREPARATION EXPLANATION The 2015 Corporate Social Responsibility Report of China CITIC Bank Corporation Limited is hereinafter referred to as “the Report”. China CITIC Bank Corporation Limited is hereinafter referred to as “the Bank”. China CITIC Bank Corporation Limited and its subsidiaries are hereinafter referred to as “the Group”. Preparation Basis The basis for preparation of the Report includes the SSE Guidelines on Environmental Information Disclosure of Listed Companies, Guidelines on Preparation of Report on Company’s Fulfillment of Social Responsibilities, and SEHK Guidelines for Environmental, Social and Governance Reporting plus relevant notifications released by the SSE. The Report was prepared in accordance with the index systems and relevant disclosure requirements as detailed in the Guide of Report on Sustainable Development (4th Version) (G4) issued by the Global Reporting Initiative (“GRI” hereinafter). The Report was prepared with reference made to the Opinions on Strengthening Social Responsibilities of Banking Financial Institutions promulgated by the China Banking Regulatory Commission (“CBRC” hereinafter), Guidelines on Corporate Social Responsibilities of Banking Financial Institutions promulgated by the China Banking Association (“CBA” hereinafter), ISO26000 as well as GB/T36001-2015 Guidance on Social Responsibility Reporting. Preparation Method The work process and work approach related to preparation of the Report were both based on the Measures of China CITIC Bank for Management of Social Responsibility Reporting and the Information Management System for Social Responsibility Reporting of China CITIC Bank. Information about the Board of Directors, the Board of Supervisors, corporate governance and risk management information and financial data in the Report were sourced from the 2015 Annual Report (A Share) of the Group. -
CITIC LIMITED Annual Report 2017 HTML
CITIC LI M IT ED Annual Report 2017 CITIC LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2017 CITIC Limited Registered Office 32nd Floor, CITIC Tower, 1 Tim Mei Avenue, Central, Hong Kong Tel +852 2820 2111 HTML Fax +852 2877 2771 www.citic.com Stock code : 00267 OUR COMPANY CITIC Limited (SEHK: 00267) is China’s largest conglomerate and a constituent of the Hang Seng Index. Among our diverse global businesses, we focus primarily on financial services, resources and energy, manufacturing, engineering contracting and real estate. As China’s economy matures and is increasingly weighted towards consumption and services, CITIC is building upon its existing consumer platform, expanding into complementary businesses that reflect these trends and opportunities. Tracing our roots to the beginning of China’s opening and reform, we are driven today by the same values on which we were founded: a pioneering spirit, a commitment to innovation and a focus on the long term. We embrace world- class technologies and aim for international best practice. We are guided by a strategy that is consumer-centric, commercially-driven, and far-sighted in the allocation of capital and resources. Our platform is unique in its diversity and scale, allowing CITIC to capture emerging opportunities in China and around the world. Guiding us as we grow is our fundamental commitment to create long-term value for all of our shareholders. OUR BUSINESSES Financial Services Resources & Energy CITIC Bank (65.97%) CITIC Resources (59.50%) CITIC Trust (100%) CITIC Mining International (100%) CITIC-Prudential -
State-Owned Enterprise in China: Reform, Performance, and Prospects Gary Jefferson, Economics Department, Brandeis University
State-Owned Enterprise in China: Reform, Performance, and Prospects Gary Jefferson, Economics Department, Brandeis University Working Paper Series 2016 | 109 State-Owned Enterprise in China: Reform, Performance, and Prospects Gary H. Jefferson Brandeis University [email protected] August 12, 2016 Forthcoming: The Sage Handbook of Contemporary China Draft: For review and comment only Abstract State-owned enterprise reform in China has travelled a long and uneven road. Arguably, its key driver has been the introduction of competition across China’s transforming economy, both the surge of new forms of domestic ownership and the ever-expanding access to technology and business methods from abroad. By highlighting the public good character of China’s SOEs, this paper underscores the importance of a clear Coasian assignment of property rights and reduced transaction costs. The paper then reviews the three stages of the reform of China’s state sector over the past 30 years, drawing on the literature that describes the intentions, achievements, and shortcomings of China’s reform program. Finally, the paper reviews the 2015 reform guidelines and the recent literature assessing these guidelines, including the intent of the guidelines to clearly distinguish between the public service and commercial mission of individual SOEs, so that the latter SOEs can be more rigorously accountable to corporate fiduciary responsibilities. 1 1. Introduction This essay pursues four objectives. The first, set forth in the following section, is to offer a succinct overview of the governance and statistical dimensions of China’s state-owned enterprise sector. This overview provides a useful context for the remainder of the paper. -
Paving the Road to Recovery As Global Construction Rebounds, Contractors Eye Infrastructure Spending As a Chance to Grow Revenue
Overview p. 48 // International Market Analysis p. 48 // International Region Analysis p. 49 // 2020 Revenue Breakdown p. 49 2020 New Contracts p. 49 // Domestic Staff Hiring p. 49 // International Staff Hiring p. 49 // Top 10 by Region p. 50 Top 10 by Market p. 51 // Top 20 Non-U.S. International Construction/Program Managers p. 52 // Top 20 Non-U.S. Global Construction/Program Managers p. 52 // Profit-Lossp. 53 // Total Backlog p. 53 // Past Decade’s International Contractor Revenue p. 53 // How Contractors Shared the 2020 Market p. 54 // How To Read the Tables p. 55 // Hochtief's Highway Expansion p. 55 // Top 250 International Contractors List p. 57 // International Contractors Index p. 62 // Top 250 Global Contractors List p. 63 // Global Contractors Index p. 68 NUMBER 170 NUMBER TUNNEL VISION ICM SpA is contractor for the A26 Linzer Autobahn project in Austria, which includes construction of junction tunnels and a cable-stayed bridge. PHOTO COURTESY OF ICM SPA PHOTO COURTESY International Contractors Paving the Road to Recovery As global construction rebounds, contractors eye infrastructure spending as a chance to grow revenue. By Emell Adolphus, Peter Reina and Jonathan Keller enr.com August 16/23, 2021 ENR 47 0823_Top250_Intro.indd 47 8/17/21 6:34 PM nternational contractors on the long road to rebounding from the COVID-19 pandemic might find a shortcut to recovery in infrastructure projects, as countries ramp up spending to help build economies back to normal. While the global construction market is red hot for some firms, it is Istone cold for others as contractors deal with unpredictable project risks while readying for new growth opportunities. -
Download the ENR Ranking
Overview p. 34 // International Market Analysis p. 34 // Past Decade’s International Contracting Revenue p. 34 // International Region Analysis p. 35 // 2019 Revenue Breakdown p. 35 // 2019 New Contracts p. 35 // Domestic Staff Hiring p. 35 International Staff Hiring p. 35 // Profit-Loss p. 36 // 2019 Backlog p. 36 // Top 10 by Region p. 36 // Top 10 by Market p. 37 Top 20 Non-U.S. International Construction/Program Managers p. 38 // Top 20 Non-U.S. Global Construction/Program Managers p. 38 // Larsen & Toubro Ltd. Installs Massive Fusion Equipment p. 39 // How Contractors Shared the 2019 Market p. 40 // How To Read the Tables p. 40 // Top 250 International Contractors List p. 41 // International Contractors Index p. 46 // Top 250 Global Contractors List p. 47 // Global Contractors Index p. 52 CONNECTIONS China Communications 4 NUMBER Construction Group Ltd. is building the $500-million, 7,887-ft cable-stayed bridge connecting the Pelješac Peninsula with Croatia’s mainland. PHOTO COURTESY OF CHINA COMMUNICATIONS CONSTRUCTION GROUP LTD. GROUP CONSTRUCTION COMMUNICATIONS CHINA OF COURTESY PHOTO International Contractors Struggling With COVID-19 Rocked by the worldwide pandemic and plunging oil prices, the global construction market attempts to cope. By Gary J. Tulacz & Peter Reina enr.com August 17/24, 2020 ENR 33 0824_Top250_Intro_3.indd 33 8/18/20 5:44 PM 31.0% Transportation THE TOP 250 INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTORS $146,582.3 26.1% Buildings $123,456.9 Int’l Market Analysis 15.0% Petroleum $70,934.4 (2019 revenue measured in millions) 10.3% Power $48,556.6 5.6% Other 2.3% 3.4% $26,447.9 1.7% Manufacturing Industrial Telecom $10,822.1 $16,048.1 $7,842.1 % 0.1% 1.7% 2.9 Hazardous Sewer/Waste Water Waste $7,948.7 $13,904.0 $525.0 SOURCE: ENR Comparing the Past Decade’s International $383.7 $453.0 $511.1 $544.0 $521.6 $501.1 $468.1 $482.4 $487.3 $473.1 Contractor Revenue 2010* 2011* 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (in $ billions) * Figures for 2010-2011 represent the Top 225 International Contractors before ENR expanded the list to 250. -
Das Wirtschaftliche Engagement Der Volksrepublik China Im Portugiesischsprachigen Afrika Am Beispiel Angolas Und Mosambiks
Christiane Tholen Das wirtschaftliche Engagement der Volksrepublik China im portugiesischsprachigen Afrika am Beispiel Angolas und Mosambiks OSTASIEN Verlag Deutsche Ostasienstudien 17 Christiane Tholen Das wirtschaftliche Engagement der Volksrepublik China im portugiesischsprachigen Afrika am Beispiel Angolas und Mosambiks Deutsche Ostasienstudien 17 OSTASIEN Verlag Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. ISSN 1868-3665 ISBN 978-3-940527-76-9 © 2013. OSTASIEN Verlag, Gossenberg (www.ostasien-verlag.de) 1. Auflage. Alle Rechte vorbehalten Redaktion, Satz und Umschlaggestaltung: Martin Hanke und Dorothee Schaab-Hanke Druck und Bindung: Rosch-Buch Druckerei GmbH, Scheßlitz Printed in Germa Inhalt Danksagung Vobemerkung Abstract 1 Einleitung 1 1.1 Chinesisch-Afrikanische Beziehungen im Fokus der Weltöffentlichkeit 1 1.2 Forschungsstand und Methodik 2 2 Schwarzer Kontinent und gelbe Gefahr 5 2.1 China und Afrika: 1949–1978 5 2.2 China und Afrika: 1978 bis heute 7 2.2.1 Politik 8 2.2.2 Wirtschaft 11 2.3 Neokolonialismus oder Süd-Süd-Kooperation? 15 2.3.1 Afrika 15 2.3.2 China 17 2.3.3 Der Westen und andere 19 2.4 Vorläufiges Ergebnis 25 3 China 27 3.1 1978 bis 1984 27 3.2 1984 bis 1989 28 3.3 1989: Der Tiananmen-Vorfall und seine Konsequenzen 30 3.4 1993 bis heute 31 3.5 Strukturelle Probleme 35 3.6 Themenrelevante Einzelaspekte 40