THE HAVERFORD LIBRARY COLLECTION
OF
CUNEIFORM TABLETS HAVERFORD LIBRARY COLLECTION
OF
CUNEIFORM TABLETS
OR
DOCUMENTS FROM THE TEMPLE ARCHIVES OF TELLOH
EDITED BY
GEORGE AARON BARTON
Professor in Bryn Mawr College
PART I.
THE JOHN C. WINSTON COMPANY HEADLEY BROTHERS 1006-1016 ARCH STREET 14, BISHOPSGATE STREET WITHOUT Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A. London, E. C. INTERNATIONAL I J PRESST
JOHN C.WIN-STONCO. PHILADELPHIIA- TO HAVERFORD COLLEGE MY ALMA MATER
ERRATA.
Page 10, No. 220, rev., place period at end of line 3.
Page Io, No. 144, rev., 1. 3, begin line with capital T.
Page ii, No. I93, rev. 1. 7, read to instead of of.
Page i6, Col. IV, 1. 9, place comma instead of period at the end of the line. INTRODUCTION.
The one hundred and seventeen new texts here presented are the first of the Haverford Library Collection of cuneiform tablets to be published. This collection, consisting of four hundred tablets, was purchased in New York in the autumn of 901i and presented to Haverford College by T. Wistar Brown, President of the Corporation of that college.' During the winter of I90I-I902 a catalogue of the collection was prepared, but my departure for Palestine in June, I902, made further work upon these tablets impossible until the autumn of I903. Since then they have received such time as could be spared from other studies and the duties of instruction. As these conditions of work will make it impossible to complete the editorial labor upon the whole collection for some years, it has seemed best to issue the text in parts, so that the material may be accessible to scholars with as little delay as possible. With the last part a sign list and vocab- ulary will be issued. Although the tablets were purchased in New York, there is reason to believe, as the title of this work indicates, that they came originally from Telloh. Since some peculiar claims have been made of late as to power to divine the original provenance of tablets purchased in the mar- kets of the world, a few words may be in place concerning the reasons which lead me to believe that the Haverford Library Collection was once a part of the temple archives of Telloh. The present writer lays no claim to powers of divination beyond the ken of his fellow-workers. The reasons, then, are as follows: I. In i894 the workmen of M. de Sarzec atTellohdiscovered achamberwhich contained an immense number of tablets-estimated at thirty thousand. There were so many that it was impossible for M. de Sarzec and his assistants to properly care for them. Many tablets were accordingly stolen by the Arabs. In the campaigns of I895, I898, and i900oo somewhat similar finds were made. 2 2. Since i894 many tablets of the period before Hammurabi,-tablets, too, of similar varieties, form, clay and palseography,-have been offered for sale in different parts of the world. The British Museum has acquired many, which have been published in Cuneiform Texts From Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum, Parts I, III, V, VII, IX, and X. The Royal Museum at Berlin acquired some three hundred and ten, which were published in I90I as Heft XVI of the Museum's Mittheilungen aus den Orientalischen Sammlungen by Reisner under the title Tempelurkunden aus Telloh. These publications contain texts similar in nature and appearance to those which came to the Louvre from Telloh, a part of which M. Thureau-Dangin published inhis Tablettes chaldeennes inedites, i897, and Recueil de tablettes chaldeennes, I903. M. Thureau-Dangin assures me in a private letter that the Louvre contains many unpublished tab-
They were purchased of Mr. Gullabi Gulbenkian. A brief notice of the collection was published in the American Journal of Archeology, Vol. VI (1902), p. 36 ff. 2Cf. Revue d'Assyriologie, Vol. III, No. iv, pp. II8 ff., Vol. IV, No. i, pp. I3 ff., ibid. No. iii, pp. 69 ff., Vol. V, No. iii, pp. 67 ff., Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Inscriptions, I896, pp. 355 ff., Rogers, History of Babylonia and Assyria, I900oo, Vol. I, p. 238, and M. Thureau-Dangin, Recueil de tablettes chaldeennes, 1903, p. I. 6 lets of the same kind as those contained in the publications of the Museums of London and Ber- lin. The General Theological Seminary of New York City acquired in I896, through the gen- erosity of Dean Hoffman, a collection of cuneiform tablets, a part of which consists of tablets similar in form and contents to those under discussion. Some of these were published by Radau as an appendix to his Early Babylonian History. The American Vice-Consul at Jerusalem, Mr. Herbert Clark, has also a small collection of tablets of a similar character which he kindly per- mitted me to examine. They are evidently from the same source. A gentleman in Philadelphia has also recently acquired a small collection of. the same nature and style. The Haverford tablets, as may be seen from a comparison of those published below with those contained in the works mentioned, are of the same period and the same varieties. The only reasonable conclusion is that de Sarzec's discovery explains why so many such tablets have been offered for sale in different parts of the world. 3. An internal study of the tablets supports this conclusion. Girsu, Nina, Kinunir, and Tigabba, all parts or suburbs of the city which once flourished on the site of Telloh,-are mentioned more often than other towns. The theophorous proper names contained in these texts bear the names of Ningirsu, Bau, Nina, Nana, Ninmar, Ningishzida, and Ninshah,-all gods of this town,-more frequently than those of other deities. For these reasons it is believed that the sub-title of this work is justified. In spite of all claims to the contrary, there is no infallible Assyriological wizard capable of discerning the prov- enance of tablets in the absence of objective evidence which will appeal to other specialists. It is not pretended that such a wizard resides chez nous. If, therefore, the above reasons do not convince the reader, he is at liberty to believe that the source of these tablets is unknown. For the benefit of the friends of Haverford College who are not Assyriologists a few words about Telloh may not be out of place. Telloh is a mound more than four miles long in southern Babylonia, about sixty miles north of Mugheir, the Biblical Ur of the Chaldees. Excavations were begun here by M. de Sarzec, the French consul at Bassorah, in March, I877. De Sarzec dug for three months in i877, more than three months in I878, about four months in i880, two months and a half in 1881 and many times afterward until his recent death. He has dug system- atically, unearthing palaces and temples of the highest antiquity, and bringing to light a most remarkable city. Many inscribed objects have been recovered, the most remarkable of which is the so-called Stele of Vultures, bearing an inscription of Eannadu who reigned about 4Io00 B. C., and eleven diorite statues of Gudea who ruled about 3000oo B. C. Thousands of tablets have also been recovered. From these inscribed objects we learn that the city which created the mound of Telloh was called Shirpurla, and that it consisted in reality of four other cities, Girsu, Nina, Erim, and Uruazagga. Kinunir and Tigabba were also either parts of it or suburbs of it. Each settle- ment was originally independent. The oldest king of this region of whom we know, Urkagina, about 4300 B. C., calls himself simply King of Girsu. Soon, however, one ruler governed all under the name Shirpurla. Early Babylonian historyis a record of struggle for hegemony between different cities. In this struggle Shirpurla at times had preeminence. Then her rulers called themselves kings. Often, however, Shirpurla was the vassal of another state; then her rulers called themselves Patesi. Some of these, like Gudea, were powerful monarchs and practically independent. At the time from which our tablets come, the period of the third dynasty of Ur, about 2400 B. C., the kings of Ur had usurped all power and the Patesi were mere shadows. 7
-The tablets here published are from the reigns of Dungi, Bur-Sin II, and Gimil-Sin of the third dynasty of Ur. The texts published in this part are with. one exception dated. It was thought best to publish the dated tablets first. An attempt has been made to group the tablets bearing the same date together, but as the tablets are of different sizes the exigencies of space frequently made a different order necessary. -Other considerations sometimes led me to depart from this order, but broadly speaking the texts below are grouped according to date. The language in which these tablets are written is Sumerian, the tongue of the pre-Semitic inhabitants of Babylonia. It has been shown that the inhabitants of Shirpurla were Semites,3 but that they learned their writing from the Sumerians, and while they probably spoke Semitic the force of custom was such that down to the conquest by the city of Babylon they continued to employ the Sumerian for writing. From the earliest times, however, the native Semitic idiom made itself apparent.4 Similar Semitic idiom appears in our texts: e. g., in No. i8; IV, IO, pI. 9 the use of ana as a preposition instead of the use of a post-position is due to Semitic idiom. Also in No. 324, 1. 2., pl. 19 we have: AZAG ka-lum, "the money in full, " kalum being the Semitic kalu, Hebrew, ~3 A comparison of No. 6I, IV, io (pl. i) with OBI. No. I25, 5, affords us a new Sumerian ideograph, ,BA-AN-LIL being synonymous with BA-TU, "to bring in." The whole class of tablets, to which the Haverford Library Collection belongs, are of a business and administrative character. This holds good of the texts here published. It is cus- tomary in some quarters to undervalue such tablets in comparison with religious texts, which usually are of a mythological or magical character. I would by no means undervalue the relig- ious tablets, but would nevertheless maintain that the value of economic texts is quite as great. When the temple records and business documents from Babylonia have been published in suf- ficiently large numbers and have been adequately studied, it will be possible to form a picture of the economic environment of an ancient people such as can be made of no other people of antiquity known to us, and this picture will, I believe, prove to be of no less value to the study of religion than to the study of political institutions. Not the least valuable aspect of these texts is their contribution to historical knowledge. They come from a time when there was no fixed era, and records were dated from important events. A glance at the dates given in the register of tablets below will afford a good example of the way in which these business documents portray the political conditions of the times, giving us a record of wars, raids and conquests of which we often have no other information than that which such tablets afford. Sometimes these tablets relate to private business. This is the case with No. 340, pl. 36, which records that six slaves of one man worked two months in the field of another. Another instance occurs in No. i83, pl. i8, where one man receives four earthen-ware jars from another. This is partially the case with No. 334, pl. 36, where we have the payment to the temple of the principal of a loan, the interest remaining unpaid. Sometimes the business transacted was, perhaps, of a political nature. We are in doubt whether the lists of amounts of grain, such as No. i8, pl. 9, translated below, were records of taxes paid in kind, or the payment of rents from fields of the temple estates, which had been leased to various individuals. The latter alternative is probably nearer the truth, since care was taken to withdraw the seed grain, which had probably been advanced by the temple or the tenant
3 Cf. the writer's Semitic Origins, pp. 185, 186; also 186 n. 1. 4 Cf. Radau, Early Babylonian History, pp. I45-I47. 8
at the beginning of the season. The Haverford Library Collection contains records of the assign- ments of tracts of land to different individuals. One of these, No. I 93, pl. 30, is translated below. Various phases of the management of the arable fields of the temple and the collection of income from them are recorded in No. 6i, pI. i; No. 24, pI. i6; No. I02, pI. 2I; No. 26, pl. 22; No. 9, pl. 3; No. 8I, pI. 32, 33; No. 393, pI. 37; No. 20, pI. 40; No. 60, pI. 4I; No. 63, pl. 42; and No. 35, pl. 45. Connected with the temple were a large number of priests, scribes, women, slaves, and officers of various kinds. The names of some of these are well known, although we cannot yet determine the functions of each. One class, the name of which occurs frequently in our tablets, is in Sumerian A-RU-A. One of these ( pl. 3, No. 17, IV, 12) takes an ox away from a herd. Another (pl. I5, No. 45) offers an expensive list of sacrifices. In pl. 23, No. 29, cols. II, III, and IV, are a number of A-RU-A, each standing at the head of a list of women to whom amounts of wool for clothing were assigned. Apparently, therefore, the A-RU-A had charge of the de- voted ones5 or the sacred women. Evidently, they were men of dignity and authority.6 A large number of these tablets contain records of the quantities of grain or other rations, or the quantities of wool for clothing, which were assigned to the staff of temple officials. 7 Such are Nos. 379, pl. 2; 257, pl. 6; 396, pl. 8; 29, pl. 23, 24; 54, pl. 24; 66, pl. 25; 74, pl. 26; 248, pl. 28; 30, pl. 29; 246, pl. 30; 68, pl. 43; and 272, pl. 49. Special messengers were sometimes sent out, for whom special provision of food, drink and oil was made. Such seems to be the meaning of No. 2 I7, pl. 43. The temple apparently also owned a large number of boats to ply on the canals and bring in the produce of the fields. No. I88, pI. 49 (translated below), gives the number of these and their capacity at a certain date. It is true that they are attributed by the tablet to a certain man, but he was probably the officer in charge of them, since the temple kept a record of them. Connected with the temple estates were also extensive pasture lands. Herds of cattle, sheep, goats and asses were each year entrusted to different shepherds to graze on these lands. At certain times "round ups" of these cattle were made, and a record of the state of the herds taken. Such records are contained in Nos. I7, pl. 3 (translated below); 370, pl. 20; and 80, pl. 34, 35. The shepherds were held to strict account for losses occurring through their neglect, but were not responsible for losses by accident or wild beasts unless due to carelessness. 8 At the "round ups " the increase of the herd was noted, as well as the losses. Animals taken away for any purpose, such as labor or sacrifice, were not counted as losses, but were included under a separate entry. Tablets of the sheep-shearing time recorded the wool received from the sheep of the flock, classed according to age. Such is No. 3, pl. 38, 39. In the tablets of these classes published in the present work one or two lexical items of interest may be noted. In pl. 3, No. I7, IV, 3, RUG-RUG is used after a singular. Radau (Early Babylonian History, p. 349 ff.) notes that, except in the text OBI. I26 RUG, is singular and RUG-RUG plural. Our text is proof that the rule was subject to other exceptions. A more interesting case is PUHAD-NU-UR. Radau (op. cit. p. 357) renders it "sucking lambs," and (p. 399) argues that this is right because in the enumeration of wools the PUHAD-NU-UR
5Cf. Code of Hammurabi, §§ IIo, I27, and I78-I82. 6CTBM. X. No. I43I3, I. Io says of an A-RU-A, NE ERIM E-dingir-NINA, "who is a man of the temple of Nina." 7Cf. Johns, Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, Contracts and Letters, I904, ch. XX, on "The functions and organization of the temple." 8Cf. Code of Hammurabi, §§ 263-267. CORRIGENDA
TO
BARTON'S "HAVERFORD LIBRARY COLLECTION OF CUNEIFORM TABLETS," PART I.
P. 7, erase last sentence of the second paragraph,-the sentence which be- gins: "A comparison," etc. P. 9, third line from the bottom. instead of BA-AN-LIL, read BA-AN-TUR.
P. i3, No. 334, line 4, instead of BA-AN-LIL, read BA-AN-TUR. 9 produced none. Reisner (Tempel Urkunden, p. 6) renders it "ungeschornes(?). In No. 3, pi. 38, of our texts we find evidence that both are mistaken, since weights of the wool of the PUHAD-NU-UR are twice given, (cf. II, 2 and III, 7). Other phases of temple life are reflected in these texts. For example, No. 297, pl. 36, gives the provision for three feast days, while No. 229, pI. 49, is the record of two oxen appointed for sacrifice at the temple at Bau on certain days. One tablet, No. I I 3, pl. 18, records the establishment of an office of food-making (or food- makers), while another, No. I44, pl. 50, records the appointment of two clerks in an office of accounts. One of the most interesting of the tablets here published is No. 220, pl. 36. It records the establishment of a park in the city-section Girsu by the son of the Patesi UR-LAMA-the Patesi whom M. Thureau-Dangin restored to history a few years ago. 9 The textis translated below. Most of the tablets which mention places at all mention those near Shirpurla, though a number of other Babylonian cities are mentioned also. No. 288, pl. 30, is, however, a record of rations deposited at Susa."° These texts contain one or two items of historical interest. For example, in No. 9I, pl. 31, VIII, 7, 8, we read GU ID KIS-GIM GUB [E] dingir-DUN-GI LUGAL-E: "on the bank of the canal Kishgim, he built [the palace] of Dungi, the king. " Cf. Reisner, op. cit. No. 1I7, VII. 23-26. The context inwhich this stands will be found chronologically valuable. No. 8i, pl. 33, VIII, I3, presents a date which I have not noticed elsewhere. It reads: MU-US-SA MA-SU-SA-SAHAR dingir-DA-GAN BA-RU, "the year after the MA-SU-SA-SAHAR of Dagon was built." MA indicates that the structure was a ship, but it is, perhaps, a variant of E. If so, this is the year after that mentioned in Reisner's Urkunden, No. 122, II, 4, where we read MU E-SU-SA-SAHAR (dingir)-DA-GAN BA-RU,"1 "the year the E-SU-SA- SAHAR of Dagon was built ", and would be identical with the year mentioned in Reisner ibid., 12 IX, i. Probably these two years are the same as those which Radau finds in the E. A. Hoff- man collection, No. IoI, but if his transliteration is correct (the text is not published), the wording is still different there. If this identification is correct, the date belongs to the reign of Dungi. It may, however, be that the "ship" was made at a different time from the temple, in which case this is a new date. Another new date is found in No. 37, pl. 5, MU MA-TEMEN-MUH BA-GIM: " The year the ship Temen-muh was consecrated." To what reign this year belongs I do not know. Still another interesting date is that of No. 6I, pl. i: MU dingir-SIS-KI KAR-ZI- [DA] E-AN-NA BA-AN-LIL, "the year Nan-nar Kar-zi-da was brought into the house of Anu." This is probably a variant of OBI. No. I25, 5-a date in the reign of Dungi. Translations of specimens of the various classes of tablets represented here are appended. 9 Cf. Revue semitique, I897, p. 74 ff. 10 °Cf. the ideogram with the ideogram for Susa in Scheil's Textes elamites semitiques, passim; in de Morgan and Scheil's Delegation en Perse, Vol. II., pl. I2, and p. 59, and Vol. VI, p. 6. "This date occurs also in CTBM. IX, No. I8437. 12This date is also foundin CTBM. VII, Nos. I3i65, I8391, and I8397; IX, Nos. I3657, I8367, I9715, and 2II37, also X, No. 21429. In VII, No. I2927 the year after this last is mentioned. IO
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A PARK.
No. 220, P1 . 36. Obv. i. DC SAR GAN GIS-SAG Obv. i. 600 shars of land planted with palm trees, 2. C SAR GAN KI-GAL 2. ioo shars of wooded land, 3. BA-BI-ZI-MU NU-GIS-SAR 3. Babizimu being gardener, 4. SU-NIGIN DC SAR GAN GIS-SAG 4. a total of 600 shars of land planted with palms, v v 5. SU-NIGIN C SAR GAN KI-GAL of wooded land. v \v 5. a total of ioo shars 6. GIS-SAR GID-DA 6. as a park joined, Rev. i. LUGAL-SIG-GID Rev. i. Lugalsiggid, 2. DUMU UR-dingir-LAMA PA-TE-SI 2. son of Ur-Lama the Patesi, 3. SA GIR-SU-KI 3. In Girsu, 4. GIR LUGAL-MA-GUR-US-SUKKAL 4. Witness: Lugalmagurussukkal 5. ITU EZIN-dingir-DUN-GI 5. Month Bul 6. MU Dingir-BUR-dingir-EN-ZU LUGAL-E 6. the year the divine Bur-Sin the king, de- UR-BIL-LUM-KI BA-HUL stroyed Urbillum.
AN APPOINTMENT TO CLERKSHIPS.
No. I44, P1. 50. Obv. I. MA-DUB-BA Obv. i. Office 2. DUP-PU-DA 2. of accounts 3. UR-dingir-BA-U SIS GAL-KAL-LA 3. Ur-Bau, brother of Galkalla, 4. dingir-LAMA-URU-NA 4. Lamauruna 5. SA GIR-dingir-NIN-SAH 5. and Gir-Ninshah Rev. I. DUMU DA-DA Rev. i. son of Dada 2. NI-GAL 2. has appointed. 3. MU dingir-GIMIL-dingir-EN-ZU LUGAL 3. the year Gimil-Sin, king of Ur, the temple SIS-AB-KI-MA E 4. E-dingir-GAL GIS-UH-KI MU-RU 4. the temple of the. great god, Gish-uh built.
RECEIPT FOR DATES. No. 329, P1. 47. Obv. I. CLXXVII .... KA-LUM GUR Obv. i. i77 Talents .... of dates, 2. KI-UR-AB-BA-TA 2. from Urabba 3- MU-GAR-RA-KU 3. for a possession 4. UR-dingir-BABBAR 4. Ur-Shamash Rev. I. SU-BA-TI Rev. i. has received. v 2. ITU SE-KIN-KUD 2. Month Adar, 3. MU GU-ZA dingir-EN-LIL BA-GIM 3. the year the throne of Bel was erected.
LIST OF SHIPS. No. i88, P1.49.
Obv. i. XXV MA LX GUR Obv. I. 25 Ships of 60 talents (burden), 2. V MA L GUR 2. 5 ships of 50 talents, 3. X-LAL-I MA XL GUR 3. IO minus i ships of 40 talents, 4. X MA XXX GUR 4. 10 ships of 3o talents 5. USU-U 5. of Ushu. Rev. i. GIR UR-GIS-ZIKUM DUMU GI-NI-MU Rev. i. Witness: Urgishzikum, son of Ginimu 2. ITU SE-KIN-KUD UD-BA V BA-NI 2. Month Adar, day 5th
3. MU HU-HU-NU-RI-KI_- _. BA-HUL_- 3. the year Huhunuri was destroyed. II
RECORD OF PROVISIONS FURNISHED. No. 288, P1. 30. Obv. I. V KA GAS-GUB Obv. i. 5 Ka of strong drink, 2. III KA GAR 2. 3 ka of food, 3. IV GIN NI-GIS 3. 4 shekels of wood-oil 4. EN-SAM-MI-NI 4.Enshammini, 5.III KA GAS 5. 3 Ka of strong drink, 6. II KA GAR 6.2 ka of food Rev. I. IV GIN NI Rev. I. 4 shekels of oil 2. A-KAM-A-GAL 2. Akamagal 3. NINNI-ERIN-KI GUB-NA 3. at Susa presented. 4. ITU SE-IL-LA 4. Month Nisan, 5.MU HA-AR-SI-KI HU-MUR-TI-KI BA- 5.the year Harshi and Humurti were destroyed. HUL
RECEIPT FOR GRAIN.
No. 47, PI. I7. Obv. I. V SE GUR LUGAL Obv. I. 5 Talents of grain royal quality, 2. NI-DUB E-NE-LI-TA 2. has stored at Eneli 3. MA-A-SI-GA 3. Maasiga 4. DUB UR-dingir-GAL-GIR 4. on the account of Ur-Galgir 5. DUMU A-TU 5. son of Atu. Rev. i. GIR BA-ZI Rev. i. Witness Bazi. 2. ITU EZIN-NE-SU 2. Month Tammuz 3. MU BUR-dingir-EN-ZU LUGAL 3. the year Bur-Sin became king. Seal. Seal. I. UR-dingir-GAL-GIR i. UR-Galgir, 2. DUP-SAR 2. Scribe, 3. DUMU A-TU 3. son of Atu.
ALLOTMENT OF LAND.
No. I93, P1. 30. Obv. I. XVII GAN DCLXXV SAR GAN-DAMAK Obv. i. 17 Gan 675 shars of good land, 2. XI GAN D SAR GAN SAHAR 2. iI Gan 500 shars of land planted with sahar, 3- XIV GAN 525 SAR GAN GIG 3. i2 Gan 525 shars of land planted with gig, 4. II GAN DCCCC SAR GAN-A-KAL 4. 2 Gan, o900shars of flooded (?) land, 5.DCCC SAR GAN ID-BAD5. 5. 800 shars of land with a canal wall 6. NI-DA-MU-NI-GID 6. (to) Nidamunigid 7.MU EN-NUN-KI7. the man of Eridu. v Rev. i. XXXV GAN L SAR GAN-DAMAK Rev. I. 35 Gan 50 shars of good land, 2. XI GAN D SAR GAN SAHAR 2. ii Gan 500 shars of land planted with sahar, 3. XI GAN CCL SAR GAN GIS GESTIN 3. ii Gan 250 shars of land planted with vines, 4. XIV GAN D SAR GAN SAHAR GID 4. I4 Gan 500 shars of land planted with sahar adjoining (?)
5. II GAN DCCCC SAR GAN-DAMAK GID 5- 2 Gan goo shars of good land adjoining (?), 6. DCCCXXV SAR GAN ID-BAD 6. 825 shars of land with a canal wall 7. GAL-dingir-N I N-TI- N I -GI D 7- of Gal-Nintinigid. 8. MU HA-AR-SI-KI .... 8. the year of Harshi (and) .... 12
ESTABLISHMENT OF A FOOD-OFFICE. No. II3, P1. I8. Obv. I. MA-DUB-BA Obv. I. An office 2. GAR-RA-AG 2. of food-making 3. UR-dingir-A(?) 3. Ur-A(?) 4. DUMU NA-BA-SAG 4. son of Nabashag v 5. SA GAL-BI-MU 5. and Galbimu Rev. i. GU ID NINA-KI GUB Rev. i. on the bank of the canal of Nina set 2. NI-SU-U 2. (and) made firm. 3. MU KI-MAS-KI BA-HUL 3. The year Kimash was destroyed.
RECEIPT FOR EARTHEN JARS. No. I83, P1. I8. Obv. I. IV PES-HUM Obv. I. 4 earthen jars 2. KI KIN-SA-MU-TA 2. from Kinshamu, 3. SU-SAR-MAL-IM-SE-RA-KU 3. for Shusharmalimshera v 4. SU-AB-BA 4. Shuabba Rev. i. DUMU BA-ZI Rev. i. son of Bazi 2. SU-BA-TI 2. has received. 3. ITU EZIN-dingir-BA-U 3. Month Kisleu, 4. MU KI-MAS-KI 4. year of Kimash.
RECORD OF GRAIN TAKEN IN TOLL. No. I85, P1. 27. v Obv. I. CXXIII SE GUR LUGAL Obv. i. I23 Talents of grain royal quality v v/ 2. SE AB-BU DUP-SAR-DA 2. grain (which) with Abbu, the scribe 3. KARU ERIM-KI 3. at the granary of Erim 4 UR-RIN-E-NIGIN 4. Ur-rinenigin 5. RUG-RUG-DAM 5. gained. Rev. i. MU-US-SA KI-MAS-KI BA-HUL MU-US- Rev. i. Two years after Kimash was destroyed. SA-BI
MEMORIAL OF BUILDING A WALL. No. 349, P1. I4. Obv. I. DUP BAD(?) I Rev. i. Record of the wall(?) 2. MU-BAD 2.(which) placed 3 KALAM A-UR-A 3. the people sent 4. KI KI-NU-NIR-KI NINA-KI 4. from Kinunir, Nina Rev. i. SA TIG-AB-BA-KI Rev. i. and Tigabba. 2. NI-GAL 2.(They) set (it) up. 3- MU UR-BIL-LUM-KI BA-HUL 3. The year Urbillum was destroyed.
RECORD OF A SACRIFICE. No. 45, P1. I5. Obv. i. IV UZ Obv. i. 4 Goats, 2. V SU-KAR 2. I5 she goats, 3. III U' 3. 3 ewes, 4. V LU URU 4. 5 rams, 5- i PUHAD URU 5. I he-lamb, I3
Rev. I. XXXV BIR Rev. i. 35 kids, 2. A-RU-A Dingir-NIN-E-NE-LI-KI 2. the ARUA of the goddess NIN-E-NELI 3. UM-A-GI-GI 3. has sacrificed. 4. ITU SE-KIN-KUD 4. Month, Adar, MU-US-SA KI-MAS-KI BA-HUL 5. the year Kimash was destroyed. 5. v Seal. Seal. IP-TIR-KALAM Iptirkalam DUMU UR-E-AN-NA. son of Ur-Eanna.
RECORD OF HIRED SLAVES. No. 340, P1. 36. Obv. i. VI KAL Obv. i. 6 Slaves 2. URU-TA-NU-TAM-MI 2. of Urutunutammi 3. ITU GUD-DU-NE-SAR-SAR-TA 3. from the month Sivan 4. ITU EZIN-dingir-NE-SU-KU 4. to the month Tammuz Rev. i. ITU II KAM Rev. I. 2 months, 2. BAL-MA A-SA BA-RU-GAL 2. dug the field of Barugal 3. DUMU UR-SAG-GA 3. son of Urshagga. 4. MU Dingir-BUR-dingir-EN-ZU LUGAL 4. The year the divine Bur-Sin became king.
RECEIPT FOR Mo )NEY.
No. 324, PI. i[9. Obv. i. XVII MISLA GIN LAL II SE AZAG-UD Rev. I. 17 and / shekels of silver, less 2 she, 2. AZAG KA-LUM 2. money in full, 3. KI KALAM-IL-TA 3. from Kalamil Rev. i. LUGAL-dingir-NIN-GIR-SU Rev. i. Lugal-Ningirsu 2. SU-BA-TI 2. has received. 3. MU KI-MAS-KI BA-HUL%v 3. The year Kimash was destroyed.
PAYMENT OF A LOAN. No. 334, P1.36. Obv. i. V GIN AZAG-UD Obv. I. 5 Shekels of silver 2. LAL-NI RUG-GA 2. minus the interest 3.. KI UR-dingir-GAL-GIR-GAL-NIN-AN-TA 3. from Ur-Galgirgalninan 4. E-GAL-LA BA-AN-LIL 4. Egalla has brought in. Rev. i. GIR UR-dingir-LAMA Rev. I. Witness: Ur-Lama. 2. ITU SU-KUL 2. Month Ab 3. MU-US-SA Dingir-BUR-dingir-EN-ZU 3. the year the divine Bur-Sin became king. LUGAL.
A "ROUND- -UP OF CATTLE. NO. I7, P1. 3. I. i. XXXVI LID AL I. I. 36 Full-grown cows, 2. X LID III 2. I cows 3 (years old), 3. IV GUD III 3. 4 bullocks 3 (years old), 4. X LID II 4. I 0 cows 2 (years old),
1)q. IV LID II SAG LID AL KU 5. 4 cows 2 (years old) in exchange for full-grown
. cows. 6. VI. GUD II 6. 6 bullocks 2 (years old). I4
7- II GUD II RUG-RUG 7- 2 bullocks 2 (years old) increase, 8. X LAL I LID I 8. Io minus I cows i (year old), 9. XI GUD I 9. I I bullocks I (year old), I0. III GUD LID IO. 3 bullocks (for) cows. GUB-BA-A-AN I I. are present. I 2. 12. LAL-NI I GUD III 1 2. There is missing i bullock 3 (years old).
I3. I GUD II I3. i bullock 2 (years old). I4. LAL-NI-A-AN 14. They are missing. 15. SU-NIGIN XCV LID HI-A Total 95 cattle- v I 5. I6. LID GUB-BA-A-AN. i6. cattle are present. II. I. SU-NIGIN II LID HI-A II. I. Total 2 cattle v 2. LAL-NI-A-AN 2. are missing 3 UR-SI-IL-LA 3- of Ur-sheilla's. 4 XXXIV LID AL 4. 34 Full-grown cows, 5. IV LID III SAG LID AL KU 5. 4 cows 3 (years old) in exchange for full- grown cows, 6. VII LID II 6. 7 cows 2 (years old), 7. I LID II SAG (LID) AL KU 7. I cow 2 (years old) in exchange for a full- grown cow, 8. XII GUD II 8. I2 bullocks 2 (years old), 9- X LID I 9. I o0cows i (year old), IO. VII GUD I I0. 7 bullocks i (year old), II. I GUD RUG-RUG I I. I bullock increase, v I 2. III GUD-GIS 1I 2. 3 full-grown oxen,
I3. GUB-BA-A-AN 13. are present.
I4. LAL-NI I LID AL I4. There is missing I full-grown cow, I5. I AMAR 15. I calf. I6. LAL-NI-A-AN I6. They are missing. 13 I7. SU-NIGIN LXXX LAL I LID HI-A I 7. Total 80 minus i cattle- III. i. LID GUB-BA-A-AN III. i cattle are present. 2. SU-NIGIN II LID HI-A 2. Total, 2 cattle 3 LAL-NI-A-AN 3- are missing 4 DINGIR-SUKKAL 4. of Dingir-sukkal's. 5 SU-NIGIN LXX LID AL 5.Total 70 full-grown cows, *V 6. SU-NIGIN X LID III 6. Total IO cows 3 (years old), vU-NIGIN 7. IV LID III SAG LID AL KU , 7' Total, 4 cows 3 (years old) in exchange for SU-NIGIN full-grown cows,
8. v IV GUD III 8. total 4 bullocks 3 (years old), SU-NIGIN 9 XX LAL II LID III 9. total, 20 minus 3 cows 2 (years old), IO. SU-NIGIN V LID II SAG LID AL KU 10. total, 5 cows 2 (years old) in exchange for SU-NIGIN full-grown cows, SU-NIGIN II. XX LAL II GUD II I I . total, 20 minus 2 bullocks 2 (years old), v I 2. SU-NIGIN II GUD II RUG-RUG 1 2. total, 2 bullocks 2 (years old) increase, SU-NIGIN IV. i. SU-NIGIN XX LAL I LID I IV. I. total, 20 minus i cow i (year old), V 2. SU-NIGIN XX LAL II GUD I 2. total, 20 minus 2 bullocks I (year old), 3 SU-NIGIN I GUD I RUG-RUG 3- total, i bullock i (year old) increase, 4. SU-NIGIN III GUD GIS 4. total 3 full-grown oxen, 5' III GUD LID 5- total 3 bulls (for) cows,- 6. LID GUB-BA-A-AN 6. (these) cattle are present.
13 The reader will notice that the Babylonian totals are not always accurate. I5
.7- SU-NIGIN I LID AL 7- Total i full-grown cow, 8. SU-NIGINIGUD III 8. total i bullock 3 (years old), SU-NIGIN I GUD II 9. SU-NIGIN I GUD II 9. total i bullock 2 (years old), .v I0. SU-NIGIN I AMAR IO. total, i calf, II. LAL-NI-A-AN II. are missing.
1I2. (GUD ZIG-GA-NE-NE A-RU-A-TA KI-BA- 1 2. (A bullock they have taken away for the BA-A-GAR). Arua, Kibabaagar). I3. LID GUB-BA I3 . The cattle presented I4. NIN-KAL-LA I4. Ninkalla
15. SIG GIR-SU-KI I 5. in Girsu. I6. UR-dingir-LAMA I6. UR-Lama 17. PA-TE-SI I 7. (being) Patesi. I8. MU-US-SA AN-SA-AN-KI BA-HUL I8. The year after Anshan was destroyed.
RECORD OF QUANTITIES OF GRAIN COLLECTED AS RENT OR TAXES. No. i8, P1. 9. v I. GUR SE LUGAL I. I. The talents of grain royal quality
2. SI-NI-IB 2. are filled out. 3 SA-BI-TA 3. Of it 4 CLXXX DUB GAL-BI-MU 4. i80, on the account of Gal-bi-mu, 5. MU-GUB 5. presented 6. UR-IM-NUN 6. Urimnun. 7.I CXXVI XXXVIII PARAB KA GUR 7. 126 Talents 38 and | ka
8.I SE-KUL-TA GUR-RA 8. are withdrawn for seed grain. 9. CLXXX SE-AMAR BA-BAT 9. The I80 (talents) of grain are completed. I. I0. SU-NIGIN VII XLVIII PARAB KA GUR Io. A total of 7 talents, 48 and 6 ka: II. I SA-BI-TA II. of it 12. V DUB-BA-NI I2. 5 (talents) are in storage;
I3. I XXV KA GUR 13. I talent 25 ka 14. DUB-BI II A-AN I4. (on) his second account, I5· DUB UR-dingir-NINA DUMU NA-BA- I5. (viz:-) the account of Ur-Nina son of Naba- v SAG shag i6. MU-GUB I 6. is present. I7· LAL-NI I XXIII PARAB KA GUR 17. There is lacking i talent, 23 and | ka. I8. UR-dingir-BA-U I8. Ur-Bau: 19. LXVI XXX KA GUR I9. 66 talents, 30 ka. v 20. LAL-NI SE-KUL 20. There is lacking seed grain v 2i. SA-BI-TA 2 I. from him. 22. LXVI XXX KA GUR 22. The 66 talents, 3o ka, v [ I. . DUB UR-dingir-NINA DUMU NA-BA-SAG II. I. on the account of Ur-Nina son of Nabashagr, 2 MU-GUB 2. are present 3 URU-KI 3. in the city. 4 E-dingir-NIN-DAR-A 4. (At) the temple of Nindara 5 XCIX GUR 5. 99 talents, 6 SE-KUR-RA UD-BA-BAT 6. the grain required is completed. 7 SA-BI-TA 7. Of it 8 XCIX GUR 8. 99 Talents 9 DUB GAL-BI-MU 9. on the account of Galbimu I0 MU-GUB Io. are present. II GAL-NA-AS-E-LA-KI DUMU BA-A I I. Galnashelaki son of Baa, 1 2. CXXXVI GUR 12. I 3 6 talents. I3. LAL-NI SE-KUR I3. Seed-grain is lacking. I4. LXXIV XXVI SUSSAN KA GUR I4. 74 Talents 26 and ½ka I 5. SE-KUR-TA GUR-RA 15. is withdrawn for seed-grain. I6. SU-NIGIN CCLXX XXVI SUSSAN KA I6. A total of 270 talents 26 and ½ ka: GUR v 17. SA-BI-TA 17. of it I8. CLXXXV XL KA GUR I8. i85 talents 40 ka 19. DUB UR-dingir-NINA DUMU NA-BA-SAG I9. on the account of Ur-Nina son of Nabashag; III. I. LXXVI MISLU V KA GUR III. I. 76 and 2 talents 5 ka 2. DUB MA-LI DUMU KI-RAM-MU 2. on the account of Mali son of Kirammu 3. MU-GUB. 3. are present. 4 LAL-NI VIII CCLXXXVI SUSSAN KA 4. There are wanting 8 talents 286 and I ka. GUR 5. UR-DUMU 5. Urdumu, 6. CXXXIV XL KA GUR 6. I34 talents 40 ka. 7. LAL-NI SE-KUL 7. Seed-grain is lacking. 8. XXXI XLII MISLU KA GUR 8. 3I Talents 42 and ½ka 9 SE-KUR-TA GUR 9. is withdrawn for seed-grain. I0. LX XXX KA SE-AMAR BA-BAT I0. 60 Talents 30 ka of grain are completed. I I. CXXII KI-LUGAL-URU-DA I I. 122, from Lugaluruda. 1I 2. SU-NIGIN CVIII LII MISLA KA GUR I2. A total of I 08 talents 52 and ½ka: I 3* SA-BI-TA 13. of it I4. CVIII LII MISLA KA GUR I4. I08 talents, 52 and ½ka 1I5. DUB UR-dingir NINA DUMU NA-BA-SAG 15. on the account of Ur-Nina son of Nabashag I6. MU-GUB I6. presented I 7. UR-SAG-GA I 7. Urshagga. I 8. E-dingir-DUMU-ZI I8. Temple of Tammuz 19. VIII GUR I9. 8 talents, 20. SE-KUR-RA UD-BA-AT 20. the grain required, is completed. IV. I. KI DUP - - IV. i. From Dub - - - 2. LXV .... 2.65 . . 3. CCXLI DUB NU-RU 3. 24I (talents) Nuru stored up 4. DUB GAL-BI-MU 4. on the account of Galbimu. 5 MU-GUB 5. Presented (it) 6. UR-dingir-BA-U DUMU PA-AL-E 6. Ur-Bau son of Pa-al-e. CCXLIV SE GAR-GAL-LA 7. 244 (Talents) of grain as a possession: 7. v 8. SA-BI-TA 8. of it 9 CCXLIV DUB NU-TUG 9. 244 (talents) on the account of Nutug, I0. ANA GU GAL-BI-MU BA-A-GAR I0. placed at the call of Galbimu, MU-GUB I I. are present. I 2. UR-dingir-LAMA DUMU HU-MU I2. Ur-Lama son of Humu 312. 13· CXCII LXVII KA GUR-TA I3. from I92 talents 67 ka I4. CCXXVI XXX KA GUR SU-KA I4. to 216 talents 30 ka
I5. IM-SI-BA-TA I5. has filled (it). I6. SU-NIGIN CCCCXIX LXXXVII KA GUR I 6. A total of 419 talents 87 ka: 17. SA-BI-TA 17. of it I8. V GUR 8. 5 talents I9. GAL-BI-MU SU-BA-TI I 9. Galbimu has received. 20. CCXLV XXVII KA GUR 20. 245 Talents 27 ka I?
2I. UR-dingir-NINA DAMU MA-BA-SAG 2I. Ur-Nina son of Nabashag 22. SU-BA-TI 22. has received. 23. SU-NIGIN CCCIX XXVII KA GUR 23. A total of 309 talents 27 ka 24. MU-GUB 24. is present. 25. LAL-NI CLXIX MISLA GUR 25. I69 and 1 talents are lacking. 26. GAR-TA 26. Garta, 27. LXXVI VIII MISLA KA GUR 27. 76 talents 8 and I ka. 28. LAL-NI SE-KUL 28. Seed-grain is lacking. V. i... . KA GUR SE-KUR-TA GUR-RA V. I . ... Talents ... . ka are with- drawn for seed grain. 2.SU-NIGIN CCLXII MISLA I KA GUR 2. A total of 262 talents i ka: 3. SA-BI-TA 3. of it 4. LAL-NI CCLXII MISLA I KA GUR 4. 262 talents i ka are lacking. 5. UR-dingir-BA-U DUMU KALAM-IL 5. Ur-Bau son of Kalamil, 6. CCLV XXXIV KA GUR 6. 255 talents 34 ka. 7. LAL-NI SE-KUL 7. Seed grain is lacking. 8. LXVII MISLA II MISLA KA GUR 8. 67 and I Talents 2 and a ka 9. SE-KUR-TA GUR-RA 9. is withdrawn for seed-grain. I0. SU-NIGIN XXIII LVI MISLA KA GUR i0. A total of 23 talents 56 and kca: II. SA-BI-TA I I. of it I 2. VIII BA-RU SU-BA-TI I 2. 8 (talents) Baru has received; I3. VIII DUB GAL-BI-MU 13. 8, on account of Galbimu. I4. SU-NIGIN XV GUR I4. A total of 1 5 talents 15. MU-GUB I5. is present. I6. LAL-NI VI LVI MISLA KA GUR I6. 6 Talents 56 and I ka are lacking. 17. UR-UD-E-GAR 17. Urudegar 18. E-dingir-MAL-LAM-HI i8. of the temple of Malamhi: I9. CXCVI MISLA LAL-NI SE-KUR 19. i 96 and ' talents. Seed-grain is lacking. 20. CXCI XX KA GUR 20. I 9 I Talents 2o0 ka 2I. SE-KUR-TA GUR-RA 2i. are withdrawn for seed grain. 22. CXXII SE-AMAR BA-BAT 22. 1 2 2 (talents) of grain are completed. 23. SU-NIGIN CCX XX KA GUR 23. A total of 2Io0 talents 20 ka: 24. SA-BI-TA 24. of it 25. XIV XX KA GAL-BI-MU SU-BA-TI 25. I4 (talents) 20 ka Galbimu has received, 26. MU-GUB 26. it is present. 27. LAL-NI CXCVI MISLA GUR 27. i96 and I talents are lacking. 28. UR-E-SE 28. Ureshe, 29. CXCVI II SUSSAN KA GUR 29. i96 talents 2 and 2 ka. VI. i. SE-KUR-TA .... VI. i. For seed-grain.. . (arewithdrawn) 2. CXXI XXX .... 2. I2I (talents) 30 ka ... 3. V XXVII KA GUR 3. 5 Talents 27 ka 4. LAL-NI SE-KUR. 4. are lacking as seed-grain. 5. SU-NIGIN XXIII LIX SANABI KA GUR 5. A total of 23 talents 59 and 2ka: 6. SA-BI-TA 6. of it 7. XVIII XXXII SANABI KA GUR 7. i8. talents 32 and 2 ka 8. GAL-BI-MU SU-BA-TI 8. Galbimu has received, 9. MU-GUB 9. it is present. 10. LAL-NI V XXVII KA GUR io0. 5 Talents 27 ka are lacking.
I I. GAR-SAM AS I I Garshamash, 1I2. E-dingir-AMA I2. temple of Ama, I3. CCX KA SE-BA GESTIM-MA 13. 2io ka of grain-wine, I4. CIV CCLXXX KA SU-KA I4. I04 (talents) 280 ka of flour. I 5. SU-NIGIN CVII CCXL MISLA GUR I5. A total of I07 talents and 240½ (ka): i6. SA-BI-TA i6. of it I7. LXXXIV XXX KA GUR I 7. 84 talents 3 0 ka i 8. II SUSSAN(?) GUR(?) LUGAL SU-NIGIN i8. 2 and ½ talents of royal quality, the total of BU-BA Buba, I 9. MU-GUB 9. are present.
20. LAL-NI XXIII CLXXX MISLA GUR 20. 23 Talents i80 and ½ (ka) are lacking.
21. GIR UR-SAG-GA-MU DUMU MA-LI 2I. Gir: Urshaggamu son of Mali,
22. GAR-SAM-AS DUMU KI-LUGAL 22. Garshamash son of Kilugal (and)
23· GAR-RA-AG-BI GIR 23. the Garraagbi Gir (food-maker's overseer?),
24. GAL-HAL-NI 24. Galhalni.
25- SA KI-NU-NIR-KI NINA-KI 25. In Kinunir of Nina, 26. MU SI-MU-UR-RU-UM-KI LU-LU-BU-KI 26. The year Simurru and Lulubu were destroyed A-DU [X]-LAL-I KAM BA-HUL for the 9th time. REGISTER OF TABLETS.
Tablet No. in Haver- ford College Collectiot . Plate. Description of Tablet. Date. 3- 38, 39. Account tablet, one side broken away, 6 and ½in. T:he year Bur-Sin de- long, 5 and i in. wide at widest, I and i in. stroyed Urbillum. thick at centre.* It records a "round up' of sheep and goats. 5- 4. Tablet, I and i in. long, i and i in. wide and i Tihe year after Urbillum in. thick. Receipt for grain. was destroyed,-reign of Dungi. I I. 2I, Tablet, similar to No. I2, probably case tablet. DCate the year Kimash 2 in. long, i and i in. wide, in. thick. Record was destroyed,-reign of storing grain. of Dungi. 12. 44. Case tablet; when shaken, the rattle of the inner T he year the ship "Ante- tablet can be heard. is in. long, I} in. wide, lope of the Deep " was in. thick. Receipt for grain. consecrated,-reign of Gimil-Sin. I 3· 2I. Case tablet, one corner of case broken away. i The year after Kimash and I in. long, i and i in. wide, 7 in. thick. was destroyed,-reign List of kinds of wood. of Dungi. I6. 7. Similar to No. I 2. Probably a case tablet, of The year Sumurru and mixed clay, reddish and white. 2 in. long, i Lulubu were de- and i in. wide, i in. thick. Record of the ex- stroyed for the 9th change of seed wheat for sesame(?). time,-reign of Dungi. I 17·7 - 3. Account tablet, 4 and 7 in. long, 3 and 4 in. wide, T:he year after Anshan i in. thick. Record of a "round up." was destroyed,-reign of Dungi. 9. i8. 9. Account tablet, 5 and i in. long, 3 and I in. wide, T he year Sumurru and i in. thick at centre. List of weights of grain. Lulubu were destroyed for the 9th time,- reign of Dungi. 20. 40. Account tablet, 4 and 1 in. long, 2 and i in. wide, T:he year Bur-Sin de- in. thick. List of quantities of grain. stroyed Urbillum. i6. 24. Account tablet, 5 and I in. long, 4 and8 in. wide, T he year Kimash was i and i in. thick at centre. List of quantities of destroyed,-reign of wood, reeds, and grain. Dungi. 26. 22. Account tablet, 5 and ½in. long, 4 and I in. wide, T he year after Kimash i in. thick. List of quantities of land assigned was destroyed,-reign to different men. of Dungi. 29. 23, 24. Account tablet,5 in. long, 5 and3 wide, i in. thick. T wo years after Kimash List of quantities of wool for clothing assigned was destroyed,-reign to different temple officers. of Dungi. 30- 29. Account tablet, 4 and i in. long, 3 and i in. wide, T'wo years after Kimash I in. thick. List of quantities of grain. was destroyed,-reign of Dungi. * The measurements for thickness all represent the thickest part of the tablet. (19) 20
Tablet No. in Haver- ford College Collection. l a t e Description of Tablet. Date Account tablet, 5 and 8 in. long, 3 and 3 in. wide, 35- 45- The year the throne of i in. thick. List of food, drink and oil for dif- Sin was erected and ferent months the year (the king) was invested high priest of the great abode of Ish- tar-reign of Bur-Sin. 36. I4. Tablet, i and - in. long, i and 8 in. wide, i in. The year Kimash was thick. Receipt for grain. destroyed,-reign of Dungi.
37- 5. Circular tablet, 2 and 4 in. in diameter, i in. thick The year the ship TE- at centre, 2 in. at edge. List of sheep and MEN-MUH was con- goats. secrated,-reign un- known. 38. ii. Fine case tablet, i and -in. long, i and - in. wide, The year Urbillum was i in. thick. Seal has made a palimpsest of a destroyed,-reign of part of it. Receipt for grain. Dungi. 40. ii. Probably case tablet, i and 3 in. long, i and ½in. The year Urbillum was wide, X in. thick. Receipt for grain. destroyed,-reign of Dungi. 41. I5. Probably case tablet. Inscribed on one side only. The year after Kimash 3 and ! in. long, 2 and 8 in. wide, i and - in. was destroyed,-reign thick. Receipt for grain. of Dungi.
42. 50. Similar to No. I2, probably a case tablet. i and ½ The year after the wall in long, 2 and I in. wide, - in. thick. Receipt was built,-reign of for grain. Gimil-Sin.
43- I5. Similar to No. I2; probably a case tablet. i and The year Kimash was in. long, i and -in. wide, i in. thick. Record destroyed,-reign of of preserving seed-grain. Dungi. 44. 13. Similar to No. I2; probably a case tablet. 2 and The year after Urbillum 8 in. long, 2 in. wide, i and 4 in. thick. Record was destroyed,-reigu of quantities of grain received at different of Dungi. store-houses.
45- 15. Unbroken case tablet, similar to No. I2. When The year after Kimash shaken, the rattle of the inner tablet can be was destroyed,-reign
heard. i and 7 in. long, i and 8 in. wide, - in. of Dungi. thick. Record of sheep and goats offered in sacrifice.
47- 17. Similar to No. 45; probably a case tablet. i and The year after Urbillum i in. long, i and 3 in. wide, and i in. thick. was destroyed,-reign Record of storing grain. of Dungi. 52. i2. Account tablet, 4 and - in. long, 2 in. wide, i in. The year after Urbillum thick. List of weights of grain. was destroyed,-reign of Dungi.
54. 24. Merely fragments of a tablet. Measurements, The year Kimash was impossible. List of quantities of provisions for destroyed,-reign of temple officials. Dungi. 59- 39. Tablet i and 3 in. long, i and I in. wide, i in. The year Bur-Sin de- thick. Receipt for grain. stroyed Urbillum. 21
No. in Haver- Tablet Plate. Description of Tablet. Date. ford College Collection. I in. wide, 60. 4I. Account tablet, 3 and 3 in. long, 2 and The year after Urbillum - in. thick. Account of quantities of grain. was destroyed,-reign of Dungi. 61. Account tablet, rapidly crumbling, 3 and i in. The year Nannar KAR- thick. Account of long, 2 and ½in. 4 wide, in. ZI-DA into the house quantities of grain and food. of Anu was brought. Probably reign of Dungi. in. wide, 63. 42. Account tablet, A 4 and in. long,; 2 and The year Bur-Sin de- of wool. 8 in. thick. Account of quantities stroyed Urbillum. case tablet. 64. 39. Similar to Nos. 12 and 45; probably Accession year of Bur- I and I in. long, i and I in. wide, I in. thick. Sin. Receipt for grain. tablet. 65. 23. Similar to Nos. 1 2 and 45; probably a case The year Kimash was wide,n.½ Asin. thick. i and 3 in. long, i and i destroyed,-reign of Record of grain stored up. Dungi. 2 66. 25. Sun-dried account tablet, 4 and 3 in. long, and Two years after Kimash for i in. wide, i in. thick. List of rations(?) was destroyed,-reign different individuals. of Dungi. 2 and 7 in. wide, 68. 43. Account tablet, 5 2and in. long, The year Bur-Sin de- X in. thick. Assignment to different individ- stroyed Urbillum. uals of wool for clothing and of food. 2 andi in. wide, i in. 74. 26. Account tablet, 4 in. long, Two years after Kimash thick. List of weights, probably of foodstuffs, was destroyed,-reign assigned to different individuals. of Dungi. few fragments of it re- 75. 36. Case tablet, case broken, Accession year of Bur- main. i andi in. long; i and iin. wide,i in. Sin. thick. Receipt for wool. off. Case i and I in. 76. 17. Case tablet, case broken The year Kimash was long, i and ½ in. wide,i in. thick. Record of destroyed,-reign of storing grain. Dungi. and % in. wide, 80. 34, 35. Account tablet, 7 and8 in. long, 7 The year the divine Dun- i and 3 in. thick. Record of a great "round gi, the mighty hero, up" of cattle and asses. king of Ur, king of the four quarters, devas- tated and destroyed Kimash and Humurti. away. 7 and 8 81. 32, 33. Account tablet, one edge broken The year after the ship in. long at one edge, 7 and 1 at the other, 5 in. SU-SA-SAHAR of Da- wide at widest part, i and 9-i6 in. thick. Ac- gon was built,-reign count of quantities of grain. of Dungi(?). 2 in. wide, and 84. 48. Account tablet, 4 and ½ in. long, The year Huhunuri was 3 in. thick. List of weights of wool for clothing. destroyed,-reign of Bur-Sin. and 7 in. wide, 90. 44. Account tablet, 2 and i in. long, i No date, but as Bur-Sin assigned to 4 in. thick. Measurements of fields occurs as a divine ele- different men. ment in a proper name, it was written after his accession. 22
Tablet No. in Haver- ford College Collection. Plate. Description of Tablet. Date. 91. 31. Account tablet in 8 cols. Nearly all of 2 cols. Several dates in the reign broken away. 6 in. long, 4 in. wide, i and i in. of Dungi are men- thick. Account of quantities of grain fur- tioned. The latest nished while the palace of Dungi was being built. date is the year the throne of Bel(?) was erected, which brings us into the reign of B-ur-Sin. 100.IOO. 17. Sun-dried tablet, 2 and ½ in. long, i and 5 in. Two years after Kimash wide, I in. thick. One edge broken and one end was destroyed,-reign broken away. List of weights of grain from of Dungi. different farmers.
I02. 2I. Sun-dried tablet, bottom broken away. 2 and Two years after Kimash in. long, i and 7 in. wide, 7 in. thick. Ac- was destroyed,-reign count of quantities of grain produced by dif- of Dungi. ferent farmers. I I 3. i8. Sun-dried tablet, i and i in. long, i and i in. wide, The year Kimash was in. thick. Record of the establishment of a destroyed,-reign of food-store. Dungi. I4I . 8. Tablet, I and i in. long, i and i in. wide, } in. The year Simurru and thick. Record of the storing of grain. Lulubu were destroyed for the 9th time, reign of Dungi. I43. 18. Tablet, i and 1 in. long, i and i in. wide,i in. The year Simurru and thick. Record of storing up grain. Lulubu were destroyed for the 9th time,-reign of Dungi. 50. Tablet, i and i in. long, i and ½ I44 in. wide, a- in. The year Gimil-Sin, king thick. Record of the appointment of two sec- of Ur, built the temple retaries. of the great god Gi- shuh. v I49. 4. Tablet, i and ½ in. long, i and 3-I6 in. wide,3 The year Dur-Mada was in. thick. Receipt for grain. built, reign of Dungi. I52. II. Tablet of coarse clay, containing fine gravel; i The year Simurru and andi in. long, i andi in. wide, i in. thick. Re- Lulubu were destroyed ceipt for grain. for the 9th time,-reign of Dungi.
I58. I0. Sun-dried tablet, i andi in. long, i andi in. wide, The year after Simurru in. thick. Record of quantities of grain from and Lulubu were de- different individuals. stroyed for the 9th time,-reign of Dungi. I7I. IO. Tablet, i and i in. long, i andi in. wide, l in. The year Simurru and thick. Receipt for grain. Lulubu were destroyed for the 9th time,-reign of Dungi. I 72. II. Tablet, i and ½ in. long, i and i in. wide,3 in. The year Simurru and thick. Receipt for grain. Lulubu were destroyed for the 9th time,-reign of Dungi. 23
Tablet No. in Haver- ford College Collection. Plate. Description of Tablet. Date. I73. 6. Tablet of reddish clay, i and s- in. long, i and I The year Shashru was in. wide, - in. thick. Receipt for grain. destroyed,-reign of Dungi. i2. Tablet, i and X in. long, i and I in. wide, -a in. The year Urbillum was thick. Receipt for grain. destroyed,-reign of Dungi. i83. 18. Tablet, i and I in. long, i and ½in. wide, i in. The year of Kimash (sic!), thick. Receipt for earthern jars. -reign of Dungi. I 84. 13. Tablet, i and I in. long, i and - in. wide, - in. The year Urbillum was thick. Receipt for grain. destroyed,-reign of Dungi. 185. 27. Tablet, i and in. long, i and 4 in. wide, in.½ Two years after Kimash thick. Record of grain gained at a store-house. was destroyed,-reign of Dungi. 186. 27. Tablet, i and ½in. long, i and I in. wide, - in. Two years after Kimash thick. Record of grain received and stored. was destroyed,-reign of Dungi. ' 187. 27 Tablet, i and 8 in. long, i and 3-16 in. wide, 9-'I6 Two years after Kimash in. thick. Record of the barter of flour for wool. was destroyed,-reign of Dungi. I88. 49. Tablet, i and I in. long, i and - in. wide, 3 in. The year Huhunuri was thick. List of the tonnage of different ships. destroyed,-reign of Bur-Sin. I93. 30. Sun-dried tablet, i and 3 in. long, i and - in. wide, The year Harshi and ? ? ? 8 in. thick. Record of measurements of land. Reign of Dungi(?). 196. I3. Tablet, i and 9-I6 in. long, i and - iin. wide,e in. The year Bur-Sin de- thick. Receipt for grain. stroyed Urbillum. 200. I3. Tablet, i and ½in. long, I and 4 in. wide, a in. The year Simurru and thick. Receipt for grain. Lulubu were destroyed for the gth time,-reign of Dungi. 202. i2. Tablet, i and 8 in. long, i and 18in. wide, I in. The year Simurru and thick. Receipt for grain. Lulubu were destroyed for the 9th time,-reign of Dungi. 204. 19. Sun-dried tablet, much broken, i and X in. long, (The year) Kimash (was i and 8 in. wide, 4 in. thick. destroyed),-reign of Dungi. 206. 44. Tablet, I and ½in. long, i and -in. wide, 1I-I6 in. Accession year of Bur- thick. Record of a crop of grain. Sin. 2I6. I4. Sun-dried tablet, i and ½in. long, i and } in. wide, The year Urbillum was in. thick. Record of quantities of grain. destroyed,-reign of Dungi. 217. 43. Tablet, i and 4 in. long, i and 3 in. wide, 8 in. The year Bur-Sin de- thick. List of quantities of food, drink and oil stroyed Urbillum. assigned to different "messengers." 220. 36. Tablet, i and 13-16 in. long, i and ½ in. wide, X in. The year Bur-Sin de- thick. Record of the formation of a park in stroyed Urbillum. Girsu by a son of the Patesi. 24
Tablet No. in Haver- ford College Collection. Plate. Description of Tablets. Date. 223. 4. Reddish tablet, i and i in. long, i and 3 in. wide, The year after Anshan ½ in. thick. List of sheep and kids received in was destroyed,-reign the 5th and 6th months. of Dungi. 229. 49. Tablet, i and i in. long, I and X in. wide, 9-i6 in. The year Huhunuri was thick. Record of oxen prepared for the temple destroyed,-reign of of Bau on two separate days. Bur-Sin. 231. 49. Tablet, an almost illegible palimpsest because the The year Huhunuri was scribal seal was rolled over it in every part above destroyed,-reign of the original writing. i and ½in. long, i and ½ Bur-Sin. in. wide, 3 in. thick. Receipt for money. 232. 44. Tablet, i and ½in. long, i and - in. wide, | in. The year the king was thick. Records of weights of produce (?). made high priest of Anu,-reignof Bur-Sin. 234. 47. Palimpsest, similar to No. 23I; I and 3 in. long, i The year Huhunuri was and 4 in. wide, ½ in. thick. Record of grinding destroyed,-reign of grain. Bur-Sin. 235. 49. Palimpsest, like preceding. i and 3 in. long, i Accession year of Gimil- and - in. wide, ½in. thick. Receipt(?) for sheep. Sin. 237. 47. Tablet, i and 7 in. long, i and - in. wide, ½ in. The year Bur-Sin de- thick. List of food, drink and oil for various stroyed Urbillum. "messengers." 244. 28. A fragment; first half of tablet broken away. 2 Contains reference to the and I in. long, 3 in. wide, i in. thick. Record year after Kimash was of quantities of grain. destroyed and the year after that,-reign of Dungi. 246. 30. Account tablet, 4 and ½in. long, 2 in. wide, | in. The year Harshi and thick. List (probably of quantities of grain) Humurti were de- assigned to different individuals. stroyed,-reign of Dungi. 248. 28. Account tablet, bottom broken away. 4 in. long, The year after Kimash, 2 and 7 in. wide, 7 in. thick. Record of quan- -reign of Dungi. tities of grain assigned to different individuals for food. 253. 46. Account tablet, 4 and 8 in. long, 2 and in. wide, The year Bur-Sin de- 7 in. thick. List of measurements of fields, stroyed Urbillum. weights (of grain) and temple attendants. 257. 6. Account tablet, originally a case tablet, but case The year Shashru was is, except a fragment, destroyed. 3 and 4 in. destroyed,-r e i g n of long, 2 and 4 in. wide, Xin. thick. List of weights Dungi. of wool for clothing. 271. I4. Sun-dried tablet, 2 in. long, i and X in. wide, The year Simurru and in. thick. Record of storing grain. Lulubu were destroyed for the 9th time,-reign of Dungi. 272. 49. Tablet, 2 and i in. long, 2 in. wide, i in. thick. The year Huhunuri was List of quantities of wool for different kinds destroyed-reign of of garments. Bur-Sin. 25
Tablet No. in Haver- ford College Colleetion. Plate. Description of Tablet. Date. 276. 36. Tablet, 2 and 3 in. long, i and i in. wide, f in. Accession year of Bur- thick. List of quantities of wool for clothing. Sin. 28I. 50 . Tablet, i and 5 in. long, i and I in. wide, i I -i 6 in. The year the king was thick. List of weights of dates, oil, etc. declared by a de- cision to be high priest of Nannar,-reign of Dungi. 283. 50. Tablet, i and 1 in. long, i and - in. wide, A in. The year he was made by thick. List of goats and lambs. Bur-Sin, the beloved, to be his high priest. 285. 50. Tablet, i and - in. long, i and 4 in. wide, ½ in. The year the king was thick. Receipt for sheep. made great high priest of Eridu,-reign of Bur-Sin. 288. 30. Tablet, i and 8 in. long, i and - in. wide, A-in. thick. The year Harshi and Hu- Record of food, drink, and oil provided by two murti were destroyed, men. -reign of Dungi. 297. 36. Tablet, i and 3 in. long, i and 4 in. wide, ½ in. Accession year of Bur- thick. Record of food and drink provided for Sin. the 24th and 26th of the month EZIN-DUNGI and the 6th of the month EZIN-BAU. 300. 2. Tablet of blackish clay, I and' in. long, i and The year the king was in- i in. wide, i in. thick. Receipt for sheep and vested high priest of kids. Anu and Nannar the second time,-reign of Dungi. 3o 1. 7. Palimpsest, similar to No. 23I; i and 4 in. long, The year Shashru was i and - in. wide, in.½ thick. Receipt for grain. destroyed,-r e i g n of Dungi. 305- 9. Palimpsest, similar to No. 23I. I and - in. long, The year Kimash was i and -I in. wide, 8 in. thick. Receipt for grain. destroyed,-r e i g n o f Dungi. 3o9. 10o. Tablet of a coarse clay, containing gravel, i and The year Simurru and - in. long, i and 8 in. wide, -in. thick. Record Lulubu were destroyed of a gift of grain. for the 9th time,-reign of Dungi. 9. Palimpsest, similar to No. 23I. i and 8 in. long, The year after Kimash i and I I-I6 in. wide, 2 in. thick. Receipt was destroyed,-reign for grain. of Dungi. 317 · 7. Tablet, i and ~ in. long, i and 1 in. wide, A in. The year Shashru was thick. Receipt for grain. destroyed,-r e i g n o f Dungi.
3 I 74 2. Sun-dried tablet, i and I in. long, i and 4 in. wide, The year the king was 2 in. thick. Receipt for six ship-loads of grain established lord of at Girsu, and 3 at Nippur, Eridu-reign of Dungi. 324. I9. Tablet, i and - in. long, I and ½ in. wide, ½in. The year Kimash was thick. Receipt for money. destroyed, -r e i g n of Dungi. 26
Tablet No. in Haver- ford College Collection. Plate. Description of Tablet. Date. 327· 44. Originally a case tablet; a bit of the case still clings The year Bur-Sin de- to it; i and 2 in. long, i and 8 in. wide, I in. stroyed Urbillum. thick. Receipt for grain.
329. 47. Tablet, i and 4 in. long, i and½ in. wide, ½ in. The year the throne of thick. Receipt for dates. Enlil was erected,- reign of Bur-Sin. 332. 27. Palimpsest, similar to No. 23i. i½ and in. long, The year Kimash was i and ½in. wide, 9-i6 in. thick. destroyed,-r e i g n of Dungi. 334. 36. Tablet, i and 8 in. long, i and I in. wide, 8 in. thick. Second year of Bur-Sin. Record of the payment of tee principal of a loan of money without the interest. 337- 7. Tablet, i and 7-i6 in. long, i and I in. wide, i in. The year the Patesi erec- thick. Receipt for grain. ted the throne of the land and Shashru was destroyed, reign of Dungi. 34o. 36. Tablet, i and 8 in. long, i and 8 in. wide, 8 in. Accession year of Bur- thick. Record of six slaves of one man who Sin. worked two months in the field of another. 342. 48. Tablet, 2 in. long, i and 3 in. wide, ½in. thick. Year the throne of Enlil Receipt for amounts of money. was erected,-reign of Bur-Sin. 345. 30. Tablet, I and 8 in. long, i and in.- wide, 8 in. thick. The year Harshi and Hu- Record of food, drink and oil furnished four dif- murti were destroyed, ferent men. reign of Dungi. 349. I4. Tablet, i and - in. long, i and 4 in. wide, 3 in. The year Urbillum was thick. Record of the erection of a wall. destroyed,-r e i g n of Dungi. 355- 50. Tablet crumbling, i and I in. long, I and in.½ wide, The year Gimil-Sin, the in. thick. Receipt, the word denoting for king ... what is broken away. 36i. 48. Tablet, i and ½in. long, i and I in. wide, ½in. The year the king was thick. Receipt for quantities of food, drink, established high priest and oil. of Anu and Ishtar,- reign of Bur-Sin. 364 . 5. Tablet, 2 and 3 in. long, 2 in. wide, i in. thick. The year Urbillum was Record of amounts of grain stored up. destroyed,-r e i g n of Dungi. 370- 20. Account tablet, 3 and 8 in. long, 2 in. wide, 3 in. Two years after Kimash thick. List of cattle under charge of different was destroyed, reign herdsmen. of Dungi. 376. 47. Account tablet, 3 and X in. long, I and 4 in. wide, The year Bur-Sin de- 7 in. thick. List of quantities of food for various stroyed Urbillum. individuals. 379- 2. Account tablet, sun-dried, bottom broken away; The year Nannar KAR-
3 and in. long, 2 and 3 in. wide 3 in. thick. ZI-DA was established, List of food-supplies for various temple officials -reign of Dungi (?). and slaves. 27
Tablet No. in Haver- Date. ford College Collection. Plate. Description of Tablet. 380. 20. Account tablet, obverse defaced; 3 and -i in. long, The year Kimash was i and 7 in. wide, i in. thick. List of rations of destroyed,-r e i g n of grain assigned to different individuals for six Dungi. months. 393- 37. Account tablet, 3 and 7 in. long, 2 and 3 in. wide, Accession year of Bur- 4 in. thick. Record of quantities of grain raised Sin. in different fields, and slaves who worked in them. 396. 8. Account tablet, 4 and - in. long, 3 and } in. wide, The year Shashru was i in. thick, somewhat broken at lower end. destroyed,-r e i g n o f Quantities of wool for clothing assigned to dif- Dungi. ferent temple attendants. 400. Io. Tablet I and 4 in. long, i and X in. wide, ½ in. The year Simurru and thick. Record of storing three talents of wheat. Lulubu were destroyed for the gth time,-reign of Dungi. _ _ __
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