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Chimpanzees' and Gorillas' Intraspecific Gestural Laterality: a Multifactorial Investigation

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Chimpanzees' and Gorillas' Intraspecific Gestural Laterality: a Multifactorial Investigation Chimpanzees’ and gorillas’ intraspecific gestural laterality : a multifactorial investigation Jacques Prieur To cite this version: Jacques Prieur. Chimpanzees’ and gorillas’ intraspecific gestural laterality : a multifactorial investi- gation. Animal biology. Université Rennes 1, 2015. English. NNT : 2015REN1S056. tel-01258974 HAL Id: tel-01258974 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01258974 Submitted on 11 Apr 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N° d’ordre : ANNÉE 2015 THÈSE / UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1 sous le sceau de l’Université Européenne de Bretagne pour le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1 Mention : Biologie Ecole doctorale Vie Agro Santé présentée par Jacques PRIEUR Préparée à l’unité de recherche UMR 6552 EthoS Laboratoire d’Ethologie Animale et Humaine UFR S.V.E. Thèse soutenue à Paimpont Chimpanzees’ and le 15 septembre 2015 gorillas’ intraspecific devant le jury composé de : Gillian FORRESTER gestural laterality: Senior lecturer and Course leader, University of Westminster / rapporteur Adrien MEGUERDITCHIAN a multifactorial Chercheur CNRS CR2, Université Aix-Marseille / rapporteur investigation Simone PIKA Research group leader, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology / examinateur Alban LEMASSON Professeur, Université Rennes 1 / examinateur Catherine BLOIS-HEULIN Professeur, Université Rennes 1 / directeur de thèse Stéphanie BARBU Maître de conférences, Université Rennes 1 / co- directeur de thèse Aknowledgements/Remerciements Tout d’abord, je tiens à remercier tout spécialement ma directrice de thèse Catherine Blois-Heulin et ma co-directrice de thèse Stéphanie Barbu pour m’avoir accueilli au sein de leur équipe de recherche. Un grand merci pour toutes les connaissances qu’elles ont partagées avec moi et les conseils éclairés qu’elles m’ont apportés lors de la construction de ce projet de thèse, de sa mise en œuvre et lors de la rédaction du présent manuscrit et des articles associés. Un grand merci également pour m’avoir permis de prendre des initiatives. Leur accueil chaleureux, leur disponibilité, leur patience et leur rigueur scientifique m'ont été d’une aide précieuse. I would like also to express special thanks to Simone Pika whom I contacted in 2010 and who made me benefit from her expertise in great apes gestural communication throughout my PhD thesis. Her help was precious particularly concerning the observational and coding procedure as well as during the writing of the articles. Je remercie beaucoup également Jacqueline Fagard, Christelle Jozet-Alves et Hugo Cousillas, membres de mon comité de thèse, pour tous les bons conseils qu’ils m’ont prodigués. I would especially like to acknowledge Gillian Forrester, Adrien Meguerditchian, Simone Pika and Alban Lemasson, members of my PhD committee, for accepting to evaluate my PhD manuscript and my defense. I am particularly grateful to Gillian Forrester and Adrien Meguerditchian for accepting to review my PhD manuscript. Merci beaucoup aussi à Amandine Chapelain pour m’avoir bien conseillé lors de la mise en place du projet de thèse, en particulier lors de l’élaboration du protocole d’observation. J’adresse également de nombreux remerciements à Abdelaziz Faraj, Maxime Hervé et Russell Lenth pour leurs précieux conseils en statistique concernant l’utilisation des GLMM et des packages R associés. Je remercie aussi chaleureusement Caroline Coste pour m’avoir bien aidé en rentrant une partie de mes données « gorilles » dans les grands et interminables tableaux Excel, Antoine L’Azou pour son aide dans les formalités administratives liées à mes déplacements dans les zoos ainsi que Ann Cloarec pour ses corrections de l’anglais et sa disponibilité. De manière générale, je souhaite exprimer ma reconnaissance et ma gratitude à tous les membres de l’UMR EthoS basés à Rennes au Campus de Beaulieu et à la Station Biologique de Paimpont (dont les très sympathiques thésardes avec qui j’ai eu la chance de partager de bons moments), de même qu’à tous les autres stationautes de Paimpont dont les membres de l’UMR EcoBio et du Service Commun. Merci beaucoup pour leur accueil, pour toutes les discussions sympathiques, les encouragements et leur bonne humeur qui ont rendu mon séjour bien agréable. I am very grateful to all the keepers, colleagues and researchers of the Wolfgang Köhler Primate Research Center at Zoo Leipzig (Germany), the Zooparc de Beauval, the zoo of La Palmyre and the zoo of La Vallée des Singes (France), as well as the zoo of Apenheul and the Burgers’ zoo (Netherlands) and particularly Daniel Hanus, Josep Call, Aude Desmoulins, Romain Potier, Florence Perroux, Thierry Petit, Jean-Pascal Guéry, Frank Rietkerk, and Wineke Schoo for allowing me to study their chimpanzees’ and gorillas’ groups as well as for their friendliness and helpfulness. Une pensée toute particulière à ma famille et mes amis (que je ne citerai pas de peur d’en oublier), pour leur inestimable soutien dans tout ce que j’entreprends, leur compréhension, leurs bons conseils ainsi que pour tous les moments de détente qu’ils m’ont apportés. Dans un autre registre, je remercie tout spécifiquement les chimpanzés et les gorilles que j’ai observés, pour leur collaboration à ce projet sans lesquels rien n’aurait été possible ainsi que pour tous les instants magiques passés en leur compagnie. TABLE OF CONTENTS Forward.………………………………………………………………………..…………………..…..1 CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION…………………………….……………………....……………...5 1. Brain lateralization: a widespread phenomenon………….……………………………………....6 2. Relevance of non-human primates as model to study the evolutionary origins of language.......8 3. Non-human primates’ handedness……………………………………………………………..…12 3.1. Gestural communication in non-human primates……………………………………………...12 3.2. Manual laterality in non-human primates: hypotheses on the origins of human handedness and important issues…………………………………………………………………………………….14 3.2.1. Hypotheses about the evolutionary origins of human manual laterality………………..14 3.2.2. Factors modulating manual laterality…………………………………………………...18 3.2.3. Methodological issues………………………………………………………………......23 3.2.4. Importance of studying laterality in purely intraspecific gestures……………………...23 3.2.5. Importance of comparing manual laterality between non-communication actions and gestures......................................................................................................................................24 4. Research questions and predictions………………………………………………………………25 CHAPTER 2 – GENERAL METHODOLOGY……….……………………....…………………..28 1. Presentation of the studied species…………………………………………………………....….28 1.1. Chimpanzee…………………………………….………………………………………….…..29 1.1.1. Phylogeny and geographical distribution…………………………………………….…29 1.1.2. Morphology……………………………………………………………………………..30 1.1.3. Ecology............................................................................................................................31 1.1.4. Social structure, organization and behaviours..………………………………………...32 1.2. Gorilla….…………………………………….………………………………………….…......33 1.2.1. Phylogeny and geographical distribution………….…………………………………....34 1.2.2. Morphology……………………………………………………………………………..35 1.2.3. Ecology of the study subspecies G. gorilla gorilla…………..…………...…………….36 1.2.4. Social structure, organization and behaviours G. gorilla gorila …..........................…...36 2. Presentation of the study sites and subjects……………………..………………………………37 2.1. Study sites..…………………………………….…………………………………………..…..37 2.2. Study subjects..……………………………….……………………………...…………….…..39 2.2.1. Chimpanzees ………………………………………………………………………..….39 2.2.2. Gorillas………………………………………………………………………………….42 3. Data collection……………………………………………………………………………….……..44 3.1. Pilot study……..………………………………………………………………………..…..….44 3.2. Observation periods ……………………………………………………………………..…….45 3.2.1. Chimpanzees……………………………………………………………………………45 3.2.2. Gorillas………………………………………………………………………………….45 3.3. Observational and coding procedures.……………………..…………………………….....….45 3.3.1. Observation procedure.. …..……………………………………….………………..….45 3.3.2. Coding procedure for conspecific-directed gestures …..……………………………….46 3.3.3. Gesture characteristics …..…………………………………………...……………..….46 3.3.4. Characteristics of the interactional context of gestures production ……………...…….51 3.3.5. Coding procedure for the non-communication tool-use actions..............…..…….....….51 3.3.6. Data requirements and independency…………………………………..…..…….....….52 3.3.7. Sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects…..…………………………….....….53 3.3.7.1. Kinship.……………...…………………………………………………………53 3.3.7.2. Affiliation………...........................................................................................…53 3.3.7.3. Hierarchy.…………...…………………………………………………………55 3.4. Data analysis and statistics………....……………………..……………………………..…….56 3.4.1. Descriptive statistics …..……………………………………….………………..……..56 3.4.2. Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) analysis of multiple influential factors…..57 3.4.2.1. GLMM: study of intraspecific gestural laterality in chimpanzees and gorillas..58
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