Study of Ground Water Quality of Some Villages of District- Shamli Uttar Pradesh

International Journal of Education and Science Research Review E-ISSN 2348-6457 Volume-2, Issue-6 December- 2015 P-ISSN 2348-1817 www.ijesrr.org Email- [email protected]

Shailly Malik Dr. Anita Phor ShriVenkateshwara University Department of Chemistry Gajraula, Amaroha Hindu College Sonepat H.R

Dr. Subhash Malik, Dr. Himanshu Bansal Department of Chemistry Digamber Jain College Baraut, Baghpat

ABSTRACT: The present study has been carried out to assess ground water quality in different parts of various villages of Shamli district of Utter Pradesh. The physico-chemical parameters of ground water of five different villages BabriBanot, Lilon, Khandhrawali, Karoda) during the pre-monsoon season 2014 were comparatively analyses. The ground water samples were collected from hand pumps and tube wells in pre monsoon 2014 period, covering on area of about 30-35 km. physico-chemical parameters of ground water, such as pH, Electrical conductivity,T.D.S.(Total Dissolved Solids),Calcium, Magnesium, Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Fluorides, Chlorides, were determined. Chemical constitution in ground water of the study area varies spatially an temporarily. The results broadly indicate that the quality of water varied considerably from one location to other.

INTRODUCTION: Now a day’s men is feeling one off the most severe ecological crises of environmental as well as water pollution is a phenomenon characterized by determination of quality of water as a result of various human activity. Water pollution is related to water borne diseases like typhoid, infective hepatitis, jaundice, cholera, diarrhea and dysentery. Rapid population, growth land development along river basin urbanization and industrialization subjected to river to increase stress giving rise to water pollution and environment deterioration. The surface water pollution issue has been enlisted as one of the most serious problem in developing countries. Most of the rivers in urban area of the developing world are the end point of the effluent discharged from the industry. In India where most of the development activity is still dependent upon rivers. it becomes very important to systematically study the status of the of pollution of the rivers in the relation to various atmospheric activity. Since river water has been used as drinking water and irrigation water of agriculture and for fish culture throughout the history off the mankind. Ground water is the main source of life for many peoples in the world depending upon the climate and temperature. Man requires a minimum body intae of water which varies from 2.8 to 5.0 liters per day, if there is no intake of water in to the body then death can ensure within ten days. Water is essential to man for maintain personal body hygiene and from diseases. Ground water pollution is an environmental problem that has attracted national attention in only recent years. Increased human activities, contamination of surface and ground water by sewage disposal municipal and drainage system are also leading the problem too much worse.

OBJECTIVE: In the present paper our goal is to access the quality of ground water at different places of different villages. The present study is devoted for valuation off different physcio-chemical parameters of ground water compared on their geography and particular location.

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MATERIAL AND METHODS: On the basis of the preliminary study, five sampling locations were selected in the study area. Water sample were collected in to two plastic bottle of 500ml. All samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters as per procedure prescribed in standard method and instruments.

EXPERIMENTAL: For quantitative analysis of Krishna River water, various samples were collected from about 35Km stretch in between five villages. The water has been collected during day time; Samples analysis methods are same as suggested in Vogel quantitative analysis and other standard procedures. Sampling is done at each station in plastic sampling bottles of 500ml capacity. Sampling has been done in the month of January 2014. All the digital instruments like pH meter Conductivity meter spectrophotometer were calibrated before use as per supplied user’s manual. The physico-chemical analysis of water samples were carried out in laboratories of D.J. College Baraut (Baghpat) and Delhi Jal Board. 1. PH: The pH is determined by Elico, model LI.120 Digital pH meter which gives direct value of pH. 2. Electrical Conductivity: The conductivity is determined by using digital conductivity meter. The Conductivity meter used is Lavi bond made Senso Direct Con.200. 3. Total Dissolved Solid: The 50 ml of water sample is filtered through ordinary filter paper and water is collected in the evaporating dish of known weight. Further it is heated and water is totally evaporated. What e Hindu College Sonepat H.R ver dissolved solid matter is present gets accumulated at the bottom of evaporating dish. The evaporating dish is cooled and weighed. By weight difference method the total dissolved solid is determined. 4. ALKALINITY: Alkalinity of water is due to the presence of carbonate, bicarbonate ions. Alkalinity will be determined by titration with 0.02N H2SO4 using methyl orange and phenolphthalein as indicators. 5. Total Hardness (Calcium & Magnesium): The 50 ml water sample is titrated against 0.01M EDTA (Disodium Salt) solution by using EBT as an indicator. It indicates water quality mainly in terms of ca2+ and Mg2+. 6. Nitrates: Nitrate generally occurs in traces in ground water. It will be measured using spectro photometric method. Record the absorbance or transmittance against redistilled water set at zero absorbance or 100%Transmittance. Use a wavelength of 220nm to obtain the nitrate reading and, if necessary, Wavelength of 275nm to obtain interference due to dissolved organic matter. 7. Chloride: The chloride content of water sample is determined by titrating the water sample against 0.02M silver nitrate solution using potassium chromate as an indicator. 8. Fluorides: It will be measured using Ion Selective Electrode10. This is based on potentiometric measurements with a membrane electrode

RESULT AND DISCUSSION: The results broadly indicate that the quality of water varied considerably from one location to other. pH rang of 6.5-8.5is normally accepted as per the guideline suggested by WHO the pH value of water sample in the study area range 7.2 to 7.9. Electrical Conductivity, permissible limit is from 0-1000μS/cm. for drinking water and the water sample in the study is range 270-912μS/cm. Total Dissolved Solid, the permissible limit for drinking water is from 500-1000 mg/l the water sample in the study are range 175-592mg/l.

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International Journal of Education and Science Research Review Volume-2, Issue-6 December- 2015 E-ISSN 2348-6457, P-ISSN 2348-1817 www.ijesrr.org Email- [email protected] Alkalinity in the range of 200-600mg/l is for drinking water and the total alkalinity of the ground water sample in study area range 146 to 540mg/l. Total Hardness (Calcium and Magnesium)in the range of 300-600 mg/lis permissible limit for drinking water. Sample varied from range 148 to 316mg/l. Nitrates in the range of 45-100 mg/lis permissible limit for drinking water, sample in the study area range 0.0 to 23.8mg/l. Chlorides in the range of 250-1000 mg/lis permissible limit for drinking water, sample in the study area range 6.0 to 36.0mg/l. Fluorides in the range of 1.5-1.9 mg/lis permissible limit for drinking water, sample in the study area range 0.3 to 0.9mg/l.

TABLE: Babri Banat Lilon Khandrawali Karoda

Parameters Hand Tube Hand Tube Hand Tube Hand Tube Hand Tube pump well pump well pump well pump well pump well

pH 7.2 7.9 7.5 7.3 7.6 7.6 7.9 7.8 7.3 7.5 Electrical 861 389 572 693 429 666 270 288 912 513 Conductivity(μS/cm) TDS (mg/l) 559 234 371 450 278 432 175 187 592 333 Total Alkalinity 480 234 336 400 296 388 146 170 540 328 (mg/l) Total Hardness 308 180 274 316 244 164 148 196 240 160 (mg/l) Calcium Hardness 212 132 114 196 144 140 96 96 84 88 (mg/l) Magnesium 96 48 160 120 100 24 52 100 156 72 Hardness (mg/l) Nitrates (mg/l) 23.8 0.5 1.8 23.8 6.5 14.8 0.0 5.6 10.2 0.3

Chlorides (mg/l) 36 8.0 12 16 10 8.0 10 6.0 26 8.0

Fluorides (mg/l) 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.7

CONCLUSION: After the analysis of water samples of Hand pump and Tube well from different locations PH of the water sample was observed to be slight alkaline at few places. Electrical Conductivity of water is within the limit. Total Dissolved Solid, are low in the selected locations. Alkalinity is well within the limit except the location. Total Hardness (Calcium and Magnesium) are low concentration of Ca++ and Mg++ salts in the many locations. Nitrates are well within the limit except few locations. Chlorides concentration is low in the selected locations. Fluorides concentration in the selected locations

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International Journal of Education and Science Research Review Volume-2, Issue-6 December- 2015 E-ISSN 2348-6457, P-ISSN 2348-1817 www.ijesrr.org Email- [email protected] REFERENCES: 1. JagdapJayashri, BhushanKachawe, LeenaDeshpande and prakashkelkar(2002): Water Quality Assessment of the purna River for irrigation Purpose Buldana District, Maharastra.- Indian J. Environ. Health. 44(3): 247-257. 2. APHA, ‘’Standard Methods of Examination of Water and Waste Water’’. 19th edition, WEF,AWWA,(1995). 3. Schaffener IR, Singh RK, Lamb STR, Kirkland DN (2010) Enhanced bioremediation pilot study of a Cr (VI)-impacted overburden groundwater system in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Soils, Sediments, Water and Energy. 13(1): 1–18. 4. Beg KR, Ali S (2008) Chemical contaminants and toxicity of Ganga river sediment from up and down stream area at Kanpur. Am J Environ Sci 4(4): 362–366. 5. American public association (APHA) (1992). Standard Methods for Examination of Water and waste 18th ed. American Public health Association, Washing ton D.C.. 6. WHO Geneva, (2008), Guidelines for drinking-water quality (electronic resource), 3rd edition incorporating 1st and 2nd addenda, Volume 1, Recommendations. 7. WHO guidelines for drinking water quality. 2nd edition. Recommendation. World Health organization Geneva, 1, pp 30- 113. 8. Navneet, Kumar, D. K. Sinha, (2010), Drinking water quality management through correlation studies among various physicochemical parameters: A case study, International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1(2), pp 253-259. 9. Indian Standard Specification for Drinking Water; IS: 10500: 1992. (Reaffirmed 1993) 10. Gnana Rani, D. F., Arunkumar, K., Sivakumar, S. R., (2005), Physio-chemical analysis of waste water from cement units, Journal of Industrial Pollution Control, 21(2), 337-340. 11. Environmental chemistry by A.k. Dae 12. Yadav JP, Lata S. Urinary fluoride levels and prevalence of dental fluorosis in children of jhajjar District,Haryana.Indian J Med sci.2003;57:394

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