Mining of Sand (Minor Mineral), M.L. Area-44.064 Ha. Risk Assessment Report Village-Nai Nagla Manglora Jadid, Tehsil - Uun District - , U.P.

RISK ASSESSMENT 1. INTRODUCTION Mining are associated with several hazards that pose impacts on employees & surrounding area necessitating adequate implementation of Safety and health measures. Hence, mine safety is one of the most essential aspects of any working mine. The proposed project is for “Mining of Sand (Minor Mineral)” located at Village- Nai Nagla Manglora Jadid, Tehsil-Uun, District-Shamli, U.P. over an area of 44.064 ha. with production capacity of 10,49,143 MTPA in Village- Nai Nagla Manglora Jadid, Tehsil-Uun, District - Shamli, U.P by By Prop. Shri. Jagjeet Singh S/o Late Shri Mitrasen. It is an open-cast semi mechanized mining project. There will be no mining activities when there is flow of water in the working zones. During rainy season, the activities will be stopped. Besides resource extraction, following activities will be kept in view:  Protection and restoration of ecological system.  Prevent damages to the river regime.  Protect riverine configuration such as bank erosion, change of water course gradient, flow regime etc.  Prevent contamination of ground water. The size of the sediments is variable. The grains, whether small or large, are round in shape. Sand is grey, brown in color, coarse to fine grained. The present deposits are of good quality and can be used for building industries. There is no other use of this material.

2. METHODOLOGY & RISK ASSESSMENT FOR MINING OF SAND OPERATION: Mining is among the most hazardous activities all around the world, being always accompanied with different incidents, injuries, loss of lives, and property damages. Risk assessment is all about prevention of accidents and there is a need to be aware that there is the risk of an accident before steps can be taken to prevent it happening. It may not always be obvious that a workplace task could lead to an accident. This is why risk assessments are carried out. In risk assessment the words Hazards and Risks are often used and it is necessary to be clear what Hazards and Risks are: -  A hazard is anything that has the potential to cause harm.  The risk is how likely it is that a hazard will cause actual harm. Having defined the work to be undertaken risk assessment will give a clearer picture of what could go wrong and how serious an accident could be. It will depend upon following a set model which will enable the risk to be assessed.

FIVE STEPS OF RISK ASSESSMENT Step 1: Identify the hazards. Step 2: Decide who might be harmed and how. Step 3: Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions. Step 4: Record your findings and implement them. Step 5: Review your assessment and update if necessary Model for Risk Assessment.

MODEL FOR RISK ASSESSMENT This model (shown in Fig.1) is best understood by working through the steps listed below; 1. Identify the hazard - How an accident might happen? Consider what or how things could go wrong when the activity is carried out. 2. Identify who is at risk - Who is involved in the activity? Who else could be at risk? 3. Remove the hazard - Can the activity be carried out in another way so as to eliminate the hazard. Mining of Sand (Minor Mineral), M.L. Area-44.064 Ha. Risk Assessment Report Village-Nai Nagla Manglora Jadid, Tehsil - Uun District - Shamli, U.P.

4. Evaluate the risk - How likely is an accident to happen? How serious would the injury be if there is an accident while carrying out the activity? 5. Decide on control measures - look at what measures have been taken already to ensure that persons do not have an accident. For example, have suitable and sufficient guards been fitted? Decide whether anything else needs to be done. For example, it may be necessary to provide extra training in the safe use of machinery and only allow trained workers to use it. 6. Record the assessment - The risk assessment should be recorded. 7. Review - The assessment will need to be reviewed every time there are changes in the workplace, for example new members of staff, new equipment, new systems of work and new location.

Figure 1: Model for Risk Assessment

Hazard identification (HAZID) at Sand quarry site Hazard identification and risk assessment is a continual process. At mining operation following could be the main hazard: • Blasting operation-But no blasting operation will be used at site. Light weight excavators will be used for digging and loading of mineral in tippers • Drilling operation- But no drilling operation will be used at site. Light weight excavators will be used for digging and loading of mineral in tippers • Health Hazard • Accident at site/crusher • Transportation • Natural hazards It is performed to identify whatever could cause injury, damage, ill-health, financial loss and loss of reputation to the organization. Hazard identification is an analysis to determine whether a risk agent under plausible conditions would cause harm to population or the environment. Hazard identification is an analysis which is in many ways a detailed study of operations and process, epidemiology, ergonomics. Hazard identification and risk assessment (HIRA) Objectives are to,  Identify any thing that may cause injury, damage, ill-health  Prioritize the risks in terms of urgency of required attentions  Discover preventive or mitigating actions that can be taken in each case  Create awareness in all concerned in each and every factor and activity that may cause injury damage or ill health  Enhance decision making by brining all concerned and effected parties into the HIRA process Mining of Sand (Minor Mineral), M.L. Area-44.064 Ha. Risk Assessment Report Village-Nai Nagla Manglora Jadid, Tehsil - Uun District - Shamli, U.P.

 Encourage employees to take ownership of their own safety in terms of recognizing and reporting hazards and participating in the discovery and implementations of the solutions that will prevent incidents or mitigate the consequence. Build a team approach to Safety Health and Environment Management

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION (HIZID) AND RISK ASSESSMENT Major Risks involved in River Bed Mining are following: 1. River Bed Inundation 2. Soil Erosion 3. Damage of River bank due to access of Ramps 4. River bank collapse due to close proximity of river bed mining 5. Surface degradation due to road network 6. Sand storage stacks stability Failure 7. Failure of Pit slope

Other Hazards Machines used for desired Production This is a new mining contract. Following equipments are proposed to be deployed for the desired production and has been shown in below table no. 1.

Table-1: List of Machineries S. No. Name of machinery Capacity Nos.

1 Scraper 2.0 m3 10

2 Tippers/ Trucks 12 tons 49

3 Water Tanker 10000 liters 5

4 Light vehicles /jeep -- 1

5 Maintenance Van 2

(Source: Mining Plan and Progressive Mine Closure Plan)

This volume will deal with hazards associated with the equipment used. Loading: The main hazard associated with loading is gravel falling on to the driver, plant toppling overdue to uneven ground, failure of hydraulic systems, fires and falls while gaining access to operating cabins. Electrocution, and failure of wire ropes are added hazards with some drag line equipment. Good access must be provided to operators cabins which should be of suitable strength to protect the driver in the event of gravel/sand falling against the cab or if the vehicle rolls over.

Transporting: Transporting may be categorised as any means of moving the raw product from the working face to the process plant. Minerals sand will be transported by hired trucks. Light weight excavators will be deployed for extraction. Mineral will be loaded in trucks of 25 tons capacity. Loaded trucks will travel on Kuccha road made for plying of trucks. Such temporary road will provide access to the river bed and the movement of loaded trucks. Light weight excavators will be used for digging and loading of mineral in tippers.

Mining of Sand (Minor Mineral), M.L. Area-44.064 Ha. Risk Assessment Report Village-Nai Nagla Manglora Jadid, Tehsil - Uun District - Shamli, U.P.

3. MITIGATION MEASURES AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN:

Possible Risks Due to Inundation & Its Control Mining will be done during the non monsoon periods so there shall be no problem of inundation is likely to happen. Mining is done by excavating the mineral in 1½ meter slice at a time with a maximum of 2 such slices.

Soil Erosion Top Soil Excavated shall be reused in plantation and green belt development. No mining will be done within 10 m from the either side of river banks to maintain its protection. Mining will proceed along the river in the direction from downstream to upstream in each block. No mining will be done across the river-nalla.

Uneven/ Irregular mining of sand Due to uneven/ irregular thickness of sand bed, river bed mining may result in ponds to develop. Proper management of even excavation can overcome this. Mining will be done for ½ metre thick strip at a time in the direction of river, to avoid ponding effect and maintaining the uniform surface.

Disturbance of Ground water Level Excavation will be carried out up to a maximum depth of 3 meters from surface of sand deposit and not less than one meter from the water level of the River channel whichever is reached earlier. Work is to be done from dip towards rise side and also laterally towards the boundary with 1.5 m slice every time, so as not to touch the river bed water level.

Possible Risks Due to Failure of Pit Slope & Its Control sand should not be collected within 2.5 to 5 m from the bank.

Possible Risks Due to Failure of waste Dump & Its Control No waste dump is created therefore the question of failure of waste dump does not exist.

Possible Risks Due to Fire & Its Control The operation does not anticipate any fire disaster (only use excavators that are diesel based engines onsite for sand collection and storage).

Oil Spill Management Mining sites commonly experience hydraulic oil spills from vehicles and machinery. Left unattended hydrocarbons can reach water in the river. Total of 588 No(49 trucks 6 trips/day*2 up & down) of trips of Trucks in the mine site in a day. As there is no statics available for failure probability of Incoming Trucks at Mine site. Oily Waste Generated after containment will be given to CPCB Approved Recyclers. Following arrangement will be made at site for to Contain Small and Major oil Leak.

Common spill products shall be made readily Available for mining sites include following:  Drip and Spill Tray  Oil Spill kits

Measures to Prevent Accidents Due to Trucks and Dumpers  All transportation within the main working should be carried out directly under the supervision and control of the management& Oil spill control. Mining of Sand (Minor Mineral), M.L. Area-44.064 Ha. Risk Assessment Report Village-Nai Nagla Manglora Jadid, Tehsil - Uun District - Shamli, U.P.

 The vehicles will be maintained in good condition and checked thoroughly at least once a month by the competent person authorized for the purpose by the management.  Road signs will be provided at each and every turning point up to the main road (wherever required).  To avoid danger while reversing the trackless vehicles especially at the embankment and tipping points, all areas for reversing of trucks/ tippers should as far as possible be made man free.  A statutory provision of the fences, constant education, training etc will go a long way in reducing the incidents of such accidents.  Haul trucks should be oriented essentially perpendicular to the berm, while loading.

Haul roads: 1. All the haul and service roads shall be mettled and well maintained. 2. Unmettled haul roads shall be free of ruts and pot holes. 3. All haul roads and surface roads shall be regularly sprayed with water. 4. Plantation alongside haul roads (avenue plantation) shall be carried out done.

Overburden: 1. Non-operative dumps shall be subjected to technical and biological reclamation. 2. Plantation over and around over burden dumps shall be carried out to ensure stability of slopes, prevention of dust by wind action and soil erosion during the run off. Wetting of surface of O. B. dump shall be regularly practiced.

Other Possible Measures to Avoid Risks/ Disaster Due to River Bed Mining  Identification & determination of safe clearances by the height of river bed & thickness of sand to be extracted from the close vicinity of bank.  Unused material including sand or spillage (if any) should not be stocked on the banks as it will hinder the flow of river in monsoon season.  Collection of minerals/working shall be started from the centre towards the bank periphery in ½ meter slice so that the river course could not get affected.  The minerals will be mined out in a uniform way so that the river flow/course shall not get disturbed in its uniformity.  River bank areas, under operation will be protected by avoiding unauthorized gravel excavation along rivers as that may cause instability to the river bank.  River banks will not be excavated to form access ramps.  Only excavated river gravel should be used to deposit against the river bank to form access ramps.

4. NATURAL HAZARDS IN THE Hazards in district Shamli. The following are the hazards that have a probability of occurrence in Shamli, based on the history of their occurrence in the district and their probability: 1. Earthquake 2. Flood 3. Fire/Forest Fire 4. Landslide 5. Winds 6. Accidents 7. Epidemics 8. Industrial/Chemical Hazard 9. Lightening & Cloud Burst Mining of Sand (Minor Mineral), M.L. Area-44.064 Ha. Risk Assessment Report Village-Nai Nagla Manglora Jadid, Tehsil - Uun District - Shamli, U.P.

10. Nuclear Attack 11. Terrorist Attack

Sr. Hazard Name of No. Risk Hazard Risky Elements Remarks High Risk Earthquake Human Life, Cattle Life, Transport, The whole district comes under Hazards Houses, Infrastructure, Development Seismic zone III. District has no any Activities etc. experience of any high intensity of 1 EQ. Flood Agriculture crops, Transport, The district lies in the construction activity, Drinking water, fertile region between the Cattle & its food, Vulnerable groups, and . Electricity, Rice mills, Livelihood, Trees (Plantation). Fire Human Life, Cattle Life, Houses & Fire incidents are more frequent in Property, Crops in fields, Malls. the forests and generally occur during summer season. Fires in the Industrial areas, Garbage bins, and Urban areas are also common. Moderate Road Accidents Human Life, Transport network. Road accidents are very frequent in Risk the district. Road safety measures at Hazards identified spots where road accidents have been frequent must 2 be exercised without fail. lightening/cloud Human Life, Agriculture crops, Lightening can strike to any human burst Transport, cattle and its food, or animals in open space. Could Vulnerable groups, Electricity. burst create situation of flooding.

Terrorist attack Human Life, Property, Mental stress Terrorist attacks are rare phenomena. But they can strike at important buildings to the government and crowded places. Not only lives and property damage Is cause by terrorist attack but psychological Trauma and depression engraves the victims and relatives that becomes a big challenge to deal with and bring the state back to normally.

EARTHQUAKE Earthquake Shamli lies in Seismic Zone III. An earthquake strikes suddenly, without an early warning and may cause huge building or infrastructural damage leading to human or personal loss. Therefore, preventive measures for ensuring safety of buildings, structures, communication facilities, water supply lines, electricity and life are of utmost priority.

Mining of Sand (Minor Mineral), M.L. Area-44.064 Ha. Risk Assessment Report Village-Nai Nagla Manglora Jadid, Tehsil - Uun District - Shamli, U.P.

Figure 2: Earthquake Hazard Map of

History of Seismicity in the Uttar Pradesh State Many parts of the Indian subcontinent have historically high Seismicity. Seven catastrophic earthquakes of magnitude greater than 8 (Richter scale) have occurred in the western, northern and eastern parts of and adjacent countries in the past 100 years. By contrast, peninsular India is relatively less seismic, suffered only infrequent earthquakes of moderate type. The main seismogenic belts are associated with the collision plate boundary between the Indian and Eurasian plates. This zone is classified as Moderate Damage Risk Zone which is liable to MSK VII. and also 7.8 The IS code assigns zone factor of 0.16 for Zone III.

FLOODS Of the various natural disasters floods are the most commonly occurring in Uttar Pradesh, affecting almost every year some part of the state or the other. Important rivers, which create floods in the State, are the Ganga, the Yamuna, the Ramganga, the Gomti, the Sharda, the Ghaghra, the Rapti and the Gandak. The Ganga River basin of U.P. experiences normal rainfall in the region from 60 cm to 190 cm of which more than 80% occur during the southwest monsoon. The entire Shamli district is a flat terrain falling in middle Yamuna plain. The rainfall increases from west to east and from south to north .Similar is the pattern of floods, the problem increases from west to east and south to north. Out of the 240.93 lakh hectares geographical area of the State about 73.06 lakh hectares is flood prone. As per the Irrigation Department’s estimate, only 58.72 lakh can actually be protected. Up to March 2004, only 16.01 lakh hectares has been protected.

History of Flood in Shamli District The Ganga and Yamuna flows along the district of Shamli, A large tract of agriculture land has been flooded after a Yamuna river embankment was damaged in Kelra village of Shamli district. Yamuna here was in spate which has threatened a large number of population. Mining of Sand (Minor Mineral), M.L. Area-44.064 Ha. Risk Assessment Report Village-Nai Nagla Manglora Jadid, Tehsil - Uun District - Shamli, U.P.

After receding for the first two days of the week, water level in Ganga in has once again raised by a feet in the past 24 hours. The Central Water Commission has sounded an alert for the eastern Uttar Pradesh districts like and .

Figure-3: Flood Hazard Map of Uttar Pradesh

Landslide The Malpa landslide was one of the worst landslides in India. On August 1998, massive landslides wiped away the entire village of Malpa in the Pithoragarh District of Uttrakhand, then in Uttar Pradesh in Kally Valley of higher kumaon division of Himalayas. The rockfall started on 16 August bringing down huge rocks which initially killed three mules. The landslide generated around one million cubic meters of rock fall and debris flow. This debris partially blocked the Sharda River. In addition to the slopes, the proximity of the rock mass to major tectonic plates, major rainfall into the porous rock, and stress on the rock formations all contributed to the landslide. Deforestation due to urbanization growth rate is increasing the risk. Landslide would take place in hilly region but it would affect the daily lives of people down the hills. Geologically, Shamli is located at 29.45°N 77.32°E. It has an average elevation of 248 metres (813 feet).

Wind There is a meteorological observatory at , which may be taken as representative of meteorological condition. Mostly wind direction flows from North-West to South-East. In southwest monsoon season, the air is very humid and April and May are usually driest months. The mean wind velocity is 6.70 Km.p/h.

Mining of Sand (Minor Mineral), M.L. Area-44.064 Ha. Risk Assessment Report Village-Nai Nagla Manglora Jadid, Tehsil - Uun District - Shamli, U.P.

Lightening/Cloud Burst & Flash Flood Hazards like lightening and cloud burst are those hazards that have no early warning or predictability. They occur mostly during thunder storms or heavy rainfalls but a lightening striking at the ground and proving fatal cannot be predicted and hence, it would be a hazard to the entire district. Recent example of Cloud Burst causing Flash Flood is Uttrakhand Flood that occurred on June 16, 2013 and caused enormous devastation spread across the state. Being a holy place, there were also a huge number of visitors, apart from the residents, who had come from different parts of India and abroad. Most vulnerable were those who were residing on the banks of river Ganga and the water flow swept away many buildings/structures constructed along it.

5.OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN RIVER BED MINING Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. DGFASLI working under the Ministry of Labour provides assistance to the State enforcing agencies, training and educating them in the field of occupational health and safety in the industries.

Occupational Health A. Pre Placement and Periodical Health Status Pre /post-employment checkup will be carried out and following test will be conducted  Hematological Test  Biochemical Test  Urine  ECG  Spirometer  Audiometry  Color Vision  Health Review System  Medical Fitness From FMO  Medical Record of Each Employee will be maintained and updated with finding B. Frequency of Medical Examination  For Mines Employee= Once in three Year  For Technical and non-Technical=Once in 6 Month C. Personal Protective Devices and Measures  Mask for prevention of dust  Ear Muff  Safety Helmets  Safety Belts  Leather Hand Gloves  Safety Shoes/Gum boots D. Anticipated Occupational & Safety Hazards  Musculo-skeletal disorder  Noise Induced Hearing Losses  Health impact due to diesel particulates from emission of diesel operated vehicles and equipment  Physical Activity  Silicosis due to sand  Dehydration  Skin Disorder  Dust Exposure Mining of Sand (Minor Mineral), M.L. Area-44.064 Ha. Risk Assessment Report Village-Nai Nagla Manglora Jadid, Tehsil - Uun District - Shamli, U.P.

6.THE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMME: A team of qualified doctors and nurses will visit periodically for health checkup of all the workers, team and its record will be maintained properly.

Impact on Human Health This project will have an impact on the human health due to sand, increased dust, creation of breeding grounds for disease vectors, population influx which might introduce new diseases in the area, and inadequate sanitation facilities may result in severe health Impact. Following measures can be taken to eradicate Impact of the project

Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Measures Occupational Health & Safety measures result in improving the conditions under which workers are employed and work. It improves not only their physical efficiency, but also provides protection to their life and limb. Management will consider the following safety measures:  Safety clauses in contract order  Dedicated safety team  Inspection and maintenance of equipments and accessories.  Pre placement and periodic health check up.  Removal of unsafe conditions and prevention of unsafe acts.  Detailed analysis of each and every incident.  To provide standard PPEs and ensure its uses for mining safety.  Periodic inspection by internal and external safety experts.  Celebrations of various safety events for awareness.  Medical facilities & first aid boxes will be established near the mine premises.  Health Awareness Programs and camps will be organized.  The mine workers will be provided all necessary PPE, especially dust masks for their safe guard from dust, Ear Plugs/Ear Muffs for noise, boots etc. and measures for other hazards.  Under initial vocational training, the workers will be given training related to all safety and health aspects.