REPORT PRIMARY EDUCATICN FOR BOYS AND GIRLS IN THE United Provinces o f Agra and Oudh WITH SPECIAL (REFERENCE TO UNECONOMICAL & SUPERFLUOUS SCHOOLS BY R. S. WEIR, M.A., B.SC., LE S., Assi.stant Director of Public Instruction, United Province;. -IOD-3J1 10037724 ALLAHABAD: ?KKmBO ABB StATIONEB?, DnTTID PeOTTNCES 372.9542 19 3 4 UNIP-P, 1934 X O D - 'I! CONTENTS Pages allysis ot Chapters . .. ■ .. v-vi VIPTKB I.—Introduction 1-4 II.—Trie Maps and the Statements 5 III.—Supsrduous and Uneconomical Schools 6-19 IV .—Training of Teachers 20-24 V .—School Buildings 25-31 VI.—Compulsory Mmary Education for Boys 32-41 ATTI.-Fees 42-46 V III.— Closure of Schools 47-49 IX .—Girls’ Sshools 50-54 X .—Schools for special classes 55-61 X I.—^Miscellaneous 62-65 X II.—Summary of recommendations 66-71 APPENDICES APPENDIX “ A ” —TABLES TabIuB I.—Statement showing number of institutions teaching up to pri­ mary and preparatory standard (with enrolment) main­ tained or aided by district boards on 31st October, 1933, (including schools for Maslims and depressed classes) 2 a II.—Statement showing number of primary and preparatory schools for boys, maintained or aided by district boards on 31st October, 1933, (including schools for Muslims and ■depressed classes) arranged according to enrolment 3a III.—^Statement showing number of primary schools for boys, maintained or aided by district boards on 31st October, 1933 (including schools for Muslims and depressed classes) with details of enrolment in class IV 4a IV.—Statement showing number of primary and preparatory schools for boys, maintained or aided by district boards, on 31st October, 1933 (including schools for Muslims and depressed classes) according to the number of teachers .. 5a V.—Statamaut showing particulars of vernacular middle schools for boys, maintained, aided or unaided by district boards on 31st October, 1933 6a-7 a V I.—Statement showing particulars of vernacular schools for girls, maintainedoraidedby district boards on 31st October, 1933 8a-9 a V II.—Statements showing particulars of Islamia schools, maktabs and elementary pathshalas in districts on 31st October, 1933 10a V III.—Statement showing particulars of schools for depressed classes in districts on 31st October, 1933.. l l A IX .—^Statement showing facilities for the training of teachers of district board vernacular schools for boys in 1933-34 12a-1 3 a Paiage9 T a b l e X .—Statemant showing particulars of buildings in which the boys’ vernacular middle schools and their hostels are held .. ] 14a X I.—Statement showing particulars of buildings in which ordinary ■ primary schools for boys are held .. .. ] 15a X II.—Statement showing particulars of buildings in which ordinary preparatory schools for boys are held . 3 16a X III.—Statement showing particulars of buildings in which Islamia primary and preparatory schools for boys are held .. ; 17a. X IV .—^Statement showing particulars of buildings in which depress­ ed class schools are held .. .. .. ; 18a X V .—Statement showing particulars of buildings in which girls’ vernacular schools are held .. .. .. : 19a X V I.—Statement showing number of new school buildings erected by district boards during the last ten years and expenditure incurred by them on annual repairs of their school buildings 2 ) a -.^ 2 1 a X V II.—Statement showing the ultimate cost of the schemes of com­ pulsory primary education for boys in Municipal areas in the United Provinces .. .. ; 22a X V III.—Statement showing the ultimate cost of the schemes of com­ pulsory primary education for boys in selected areas of 24 districts in the United Provinces .. .. 23a X IX .—Statement showing rates of fees charged in the district board vernacular schools for boys in 1933-34 .. .. 24a X X .—Statement showing distribution of Government grant on a population basis .. .. .. 25a X X I.—Statement showing number of teachers in district board ver­ nacular schools for boys and girls according to age .. 26a APPENDIX ” B ’ ’—MAPS 1. Map showing vernacular schools in a paxt of Handia, district Allahabad .. 29a 2. Ditto ditto Doaba, district BaUia .. 30a 3. Ditto ditto Bharthana, district Etawah.. 3 U 4. Ditto ditto Mawana, district Meerut .. 32a 5. Map showing schools in a part of Bareilly City .. .. 33a APPfiNDIX “ C ” ' List of schools recommended for closure in each district showing savings.accru­ ing thereby to each board .. .. .. .. 37a-1 0 4 a APPENDIX “ D ” 1. General Letter no. V.E.6/XXV II—36(3), dated the 13th April, 1933, issued by the Director of PubUc Instruction, United Provinces, containing instructions to Sub-Deputy Inspectors of Schools for the preparation of maps showing distribution of schools in district board areas .. 107a--1 11 A. 2. Keport on compulsory primary education for boys in Allahabad District . 112a-11V a. ANALYSIS OF CHAPTERS CHAPTER I—INTRODUCTION B'-ilgafc figures for vamaoular eduoatioa prior to 6J per cant. cut. Necessity for cut. Altetornative proposals by boards. Qoyaramaat views oa small and uneconomical schools. Rrf-f jrano3 to Allahabad survey. Reference in the Harfcog report and in the Kiehlu report to tlth3 noed for concentration. Survey work in Madras Presidency. Champion report. Aetition in the Punjab. CHA.PTi3R II—TflS MAPS AND THE STATEMENTS Th?, mxps—Orders for preparation. Value to a board. Suggestions for permanency, reneiewal and improvement. Statements—Statistics collected. Tables showing the state of schools, staS, buildings, comnpulsion, female education, etc. caA Praa in —scrPiiJRFLUous a n d uneconomical s c h o o l s Sapsrfluou? sshooh. N'umbors of institutions versus AREA and POPULATION. Hirirtog figures in this connexion. Common view that one mile is a reasonable distance. R3f3f3r3_io6S to Acts and District Board Educational rules. Over-crowding. Instances from Dijtifcriot Board areas: Allahabad, Ballia, Etawah, Meerut. Instances from Suiajpur and XiT.h'iarpur compulsory areas. ' Instances from Municipalities. Reasons for enforcing reduc­ tion i ia numbers o£ schools. Suggost new rules for future opening of fresh schools. UNECONOMICAL SCHOOLS Whafc eoa5fcitut5s literacy. Refarance in Harrop and Hartog reports. Census proof. Faililure to achieve literacy in our schools. Wastage and Stagnation. School histoiory of sample schools. Inflated enrolment in infant class ; causes. Inefficiency of single teicbher schools. Plea for special cases of single-teacher schools. Mr. Kichlu’s proposals to aUbolish the small school. Effect of the 6J per cent, cut on numbers of schools and stafi. Prooof of tho effi3iency of big schools serving a wide area. Other causes of inefficiency. D'EfJlsreace between economy and retrenchment. Remedies against waste. Pees. Admis­ sion i once per year. Two teacher schools. Two mile walk. Curtailment of enrolment. D emnand for a guarantee of stay in school till the end of class II as a minimum. Conditions in Milalta. Compulsory attendance in place of compulsory education. Aided schools. CHAPTER IV—TRAINING OF TEACHERS - Number qf teachers: trained and untrained. Wastage. Training institutions. FailUure of district boards to train their staS. Central training schools. Suggestions for mor»e of these. Need for stipends. Obligation laid on district boards to train staff. Need for ssseparate provision for training of teachers. Suggest 2 per cent, provision. Need for clear ordeors on admission to training classes. CHAPTER V—SCHOOL BUILDINGS 1 DetaiU of school buildings. Schools without a building. Failure of district boards to keep I pace with enrolment. New buildings. Failure to provide for maintenance. Inability of booards to find funds for new buildings. Inequalities in Government grants to district boarcds. Proposal to distribute Rs.3 lakhs recurring to deserving boards for erecting build­ ings.. Low figures for repairs. Need for a rule compelling provision of money for repairs. Shorttage o f hostels. Need for supervision of new building schemes. Inadequate equip- m entt; suggested obligatory provision. OHA.PTER VI—COMPULSORY PRIMARY EDUCATION History in Municipalities and in District Boards. Expenditure. Reports on working: of compulsion. Action on those reports. Poor results of compulsion : Bareilly, Moradabad, Lucknow, Sitapur, Allahabad, Agra. Reasons for poor results. Suggestions for improve­ ment. Need for extensive revision. New post in Director of Public Instruction’s office to look after compulsion. CHAPTER VII—FEES Government resolutions on fees. District Board educational rules on fees. Experi­ ments with free primary education. Proof that fees do not keep boys from school. Sug­ gestions that all boards shall charge fees. Fee scale. Exemptions. Increases in income. Use of this additional income. CHAPTER VIII—CLOSURE OF SCHOOLS Rasume of tour. Method of scrutiny adopted. Numbers of schools to bo closed. Savings: Method of retrenching teachers. Suggestions for utilization of savings. Need for expenditure on vernacular middle education. CHAPTER IX—GIRLS’ SCHOOLS Figures: Comparison of expenditure on girls and on boys. Enrolment. Low- efficiency and high cost. Causes of waste. Uneducated teachers. Bad school buildings- Co-education proposed as a remedy. Figures. Opportunities in country schools. Neec£ (or training women. Special recommendations prior to introduction of compulsion for- girls. CHAPTER X— SCHOOLS FOR SPECIAL CLASSES D e p r e s s e d C i a s s E d t t c a t io n Expenditure. Enrolment. FaU in enrolment in those schools. Views of Hartog reporit and Wetherill committee. Possibility of abolition. Need for caution. Low efficiencyr o£ depressed class schools. Recommendations for futuro action in this connexion. NeetJ for provision for training depressed class teachers. IsL A M iA S c h o o l s History. Enrolment. Variation in provision of Islamia schools. Tuition and equipi- ment good. M a k t a b s a n d H i n d u P a t r s h a l a s Rules uader which these work. Rules for grant-in-aid. Enrolment. Low efficiency o>f teachers. High cost of Hindu pathshalas.