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DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 1951 HARDOI DISTRICT D.J. ltes:tatnr Generltl ladi&. FOREWORD Several States, including Uttar Pradesh, have been publishing village statistics by districts at each census. In 1941 they were published in U. P. under the title "District Census Statistics" with a separate volume for each district. In the 1951 census, when the tabulation has been more elaborate than ever in view of the require .. ments of the country, the district~ise volume has been expanded into a "District Census Handbook", which now contains the District Census Tables (furnishing data with break ... up for census tracts within the district), the District Index of Non .. agricultural Occupations, agricultural statistics from 19QV02 to 19$0;51 and other miscellaneous statistics in addition to the usual village population statistics. The village population statistics also are given in an elaborate form giving the division of the population among eight livelihood classes and other details. '2. It may be added here that a separate set of district;wise volumes giving only population figures of rural areas by villages and of urban areas by wards and mohallas and entitled "Dist~ict Population Statistics" has already been published. This separate series was necessitated by the urgent requirements of the U. P. Government for elections to local bodies. 3. The number of District Census Handbooks printed so far is forty ... four Special arrangements for speeding up the printing have now been made and it is boped that the remaining Handbooks will be printed before the end of 19S5. RAJESHW ARI PRASAD, I.A.S., R.AMPUR: Superintendent, Census Operations, November 7, 1955. Uttar Pradesb CONTENTS INTRODUO'I'ION- A-The District i-iii B-Analysis of the Statistics iv-xl C-Explanatory Note on the Statistics xii-xiv P ART I-DISTRICT CENSUS TABLES A-GENERAL POPULATION TABLES- A-I Area, Houses and Population 3 A-II Variation in Population during Fifty Years 3 A-III Towns and Villages Classified by Population 4-5 A-IV Towns Classified by Population with Variations since 1901 6 A-V Towns arranged Territorially with Population by Livelihood Classes 7 E Area and Population of District and Tehsils by Livelihood Classes 8-9 B-ECONOMIO TABLES- B-1 I.ivelihood Classes and Sub-classes 10-13 B-I1 Secondary Means of Livelihood 14-21 B·IlI Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Sub-divisions 22-46 B-IV Unemployment by. Livelihood;.Classes 47-48 Index of Non-agricultural Occupations 49-51 (J-HOUSEHOLD AND AGE (SAMPLE) TABLES- C-I Household (size and composition) 52-53 C-II Livelihood Classes by Age-groups 54-59 C-III Age and Civil Condition 60-63 C-IV Age and Literacy 64-67 C-V Single Year Ag(Returns 68-75 D-SOOIAL AND CL'LTURAL TABLES- D-I Languages (i) Mother Tongue 76-77 (ii) Bilingualism 78-79 D-ll Religion 80-81 D-lII Scheduled Castes 80-81 D-IV Migrants 82-85 D-V (i) Displaced persons by year of arrival in India 86-87 (li) Displaced persons by Livelihood Classes 86-87 D-V! Non·Indian Nationals 86-87 D-VII Liverihood Classes by Educational Standards 88-93 PART II-VILLAGE, TOWN, PARGANA AND THANA STATISTICS Primary Census Abstract 96-151 2 Pargana and Thana-wise Population 152-153 PART III-MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS Vital Statistics 156-159 2 Agricultul'al Statistics-(i) Rainfall 160-161 (ii) Area as classified with details of area under cultivation 162-165 (iii) Cropped Area 166-181 liv) Irrigated Area 182-185 3 Live-Stock" Agricultural :M,achinery and Implements 186-189 4 List of Primary Schools 190-193 INTRODUCTION A-THE DISTRICT 1. The district of Hardoi lies between the Ganga and the Gomti. AU along the eastern border the boundary is formed by the river Gomti, which flows from north-west to south-east, separating this district from Kheri and Sitapur. The south­ ern boundary marches with Lucknow and the northern parts of Unnao. To the north lie Kheri and Shahjahanpur, while to the west are the Farrukhabad and, for a very short distance in the extremE: south-west corner, the Kanpur districts. The western boundary is formed by the little river Sendha as far as its junction with the Ramganga; it then crosses the latter river and proceeds south till at Sangrampur it strikes the Ganga, which constitutes the boundary as far as the borders of Unnao. The area of the district is 2,416 square miles and its population in 1951 was 13'62 lakhs. It has 4 tehsils; 22 parganas and 15 thanas. 2. Topographically the district is divided into two main divisions-the bangar Topography or uplands, with the shallow watershed of the Sai in the centre, on either side of which the surface rises gradually, on the east till it sinks to the valley of the Gomti, and on the west culminating in the high bank; and the kachh or khadar or lowlands, a purely alluvial tract traversed by numerous rivers and streams, constantly liable to inun- dation in years of heavy rainfall. The bangar is separated from the khadar by a hi~h irregular sandy ridge which runs down the centre of the western half through tehslls Shahabad, Hardoi and Bilgram and is supposed to mark the ancient high bank of the Ganga. The upland in the east is a fairly level extensive plain broken only by the shallow vally of the Sai. The Gomti throughout its course in this district has a high bank respresented by an elevated belt. This Gomti tract exhibits every variety of natural feature, from'rolling sandhills and open undulating wastes to sharply cut ravines and deep swamps. The arab~ land is chiefly on the dry, sandy uplands, where patches of cultivation alternate with larger areas of fallow and waste. In between the sandy ridges branching ravines slope down to the river, slowly draining off the water which collects in the inland depressions and in places forming wide reed-covered swamps. An old channel of the Gomti appears to have silted up and become converted into a network of jhils. In the immediate neighbourhood of the river and below the sandy cliffs there is a small area of lowlying tarai in places; but the Gomti does not, as a rule, overflow its banks. Such tarai is chiefly to be found in the Shahabad tehsil, where it is occasionally rich, but more frequently either poor and sandy or else mere swamps. The best tarai lands are in the villages in the eastern most angle of the tehsil, To the west of the Gomti bhur tract the land slopes gently inland to a plain of good soil, mostly a fertile loam, varied by large areas of clay in and about the numer­ ous tanks and jhils. The cultivated area, much of which is of great fertility and much also extremely poor, is broken up by many shallow depressions, frequent stretches of barren usar, and scattered patches of dhak and scrub jungle. This tract forms the valley of the Sai and extends over the central portion of the district. In the north the watershed between the Sai and the Gomti is narrow, but the land is fertile loam. It widens out in the Hardoi tehsil, and is still broader in Sandila, where there is a fairly homogeneous level plain of moderate loam, unobstructed by waterways and somewhat deficient in irrigation. In the extreme south, however, with the exception of this open loam area, the soil is of a varying description; the land is of every quali­ ty, from the finest to the poorest. Jhils are very numerous and are bordered by a stiff clay, while the culturable soil is interrupted by usar plains, dhak jungle, and an occasional drainage channel, such as the Behta. The actul basin of the Sai consists in the north of loam and clay of a fair quality; but the banks of the river are in many places clothed with thick jungle. In the South, where the channel is deeper, the river is flanked by narrow strips of sandy soil, but of a much better quality than that along the Gomti. Between. this high sandy bank and the river itself there is a sroaJI belt of tarai, fertile but precarious. To the west of the Sai there is a fertile plain in the north, extending to the Sukheta river, which flows thorugh the centre of the Shahabad tehsil. The soil is loam or clay of a good quality, but it is in many places liable to inundation form the overflow of the jhils and depressions. This tract, of considerable natural fertility but inadequate drainage, continues south through the Hardoi tehsil, and thence into Bilgram, the centra: portion of which tehsil is of a highly fertile character, the soil being a good loam, safely situated and plentifully irrigated. Beyond the Sukheta in the north there is a narrow strip of light loam and sandy soil, which terminates in the high bank above the Garra on the west and on the south merges into the stiffer loam and clay of the Hardoi tehsil. The central plain of the district rises gently to a ridge of sandhills, very similar in aspect to those along the Gomti, sloping down, more or less abruptly, to the marshes of the kachh. Below this high bank the lowlands extend westward to the Farrukhabad boundary. They consist of the shallow valleys of the Garra, Sendha, Ramganga and Ganga, as well as those of the many small tributary stremes. These lowlands exhibit very ii different characteristics.

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