DOCSLIB.ORG

Conditions of Service for Secondary Schoolmasters in England and Wales, 1891-1951, with Specific Reference to the Work of the Assistant Masters Association

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Conditions of Service for Secondary Schoolmasters in England and Wales, 1891-1951, with Specific Reference to the Work of the Assistant Masters Association CONDITIONS OF SERVICE FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLMASTERS IN ENGLAND AND WALES, 1891-1951, WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO THE WORK OF THE ASSISTANT MASTERS ASSOCIATION. by GE01-1-REY WALKER Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Education, University of London Institute of Education. 1995 Abstract This thesis examines to what extent and by what means the Assistant Masters Association (AMA) was able to influence provision in relation to conditions of service for the secondary schoolmaster in England and Wales in the 60-year period from the AMA's foundation in 1891. A thematic approach is adopted with chapters devoted to the specific issues of tenure, salaries, superannuation, registration and training. Within each chapter there is a necessary concentration on the earlier period of the AMA's history when the impetus to create acceptable conditions of service was at its most imperative. The thesis draws upon much previously unused material from the Assistant Masters Archive, lodged at the University of London Institute of Education Library. The study builds upon and extends the earlier research of Baron, Tropp and Gosden, and provides an alternative interpretation to the more recent work of Lawn, Ozga, Grace, and others, which presents the behaviour of organized teachers in terms of employer- employee conflict. The strike, confrontational stratagem and the coercion of its membership are seen as alien to the AMA's philosophy. The AMA's participation with Joint Four, and its interaction with other teacher unions, are fully explored. The significant contribution of the AMA to enhanced provision across the spectrum of teacher employment is shown to be primarily the result of the Association's persistent, professional dialogue with government - both central and local - via carefully researched data and targeted argument. - 2 - Acknowledgements It behoves me to thank Professor Peter Gordon, who, until his retirement in 1993, was head of the Department of History, Humanities and Philosophy, Institute of Education, University of London. Professor Gordon both initiated my research and guided me for the six-year period from 1987. Dr Richard Aldrich, Reader in the History of Education section at the Institute of Education, has overseen the final stages of the research, giving generously of his time and experience. Michael Humby, Head of Reader Services at the Institute of Education Library until his retirement, ensured ready access to the IAAM Archive; a role fulfilled thereafter by Stephen Pickles. This thesis could not have been undertaken without the willing support of my wife, Barbara, and family. 3 Terminology used in reference to the Assistant Masters Association The Assistant Masters Association was founded in July 1891 and incorporated in November 1901. To be pedantic the Association should be referred to as the Incorporated Association of Assistant Masters from its incorporation but, to do so, would be inappropriate in that the original and less formal title was that that remained in common usage amongst its members. The AMA Circular to Members, November 1901, p.85, had this humorous comment to make on the change of title: 'At last we are incorporated: our style, the Incorporated Association of Assistant Masters in Secondary Schools. The old symbols A.M.A. will do, however, for a short title, better than such a group of letters as I.A.A.M. which from long experience of a sister society we well know are hard for human tongues to pronounce.' For the purposes of this thesis the abbreviation AMA will be generally used in reference to the Association. The Association's Archive and its annual reports, however, will be referred to as the IAAM Archive and the IAAM Annual Reports. - 4 - Contents Introduction Page 6 Chapter 1 The Assistant Master in the context of the AMA's foundation Page 34 Chapter 2 Tenure Page 57 Chapter 3 Salaries Page 128 Chapter 4 Superannuation Page 221 Chapter 5 Registration and Training Page 263 Conclusion Page 311 Appendices Page 331 Bibliography Page 342 CONDITIONS OF SERVICE FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLMASTERS IN ENGLAND AND WALES, 1891-1951, WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO THE WORK OF THE ASSISTANT MASTERS ASSOCIATION. INTRODUCTION FOCUS AND ORGANIZATION OF THESIS The Assistant Masters' Association (AMA) was founded in 1891 to represent and promote the interests of the secondary schoolmaster. (1) The chief focus of this thesis will be to examine to what extent, and by what means, the AMA was able to influence institutional provision in relation to conditions of service for the secondary schoolmaster in England and Wales in the period 1891-1951. For clarity of treatment it is essential at the outset to define the terms 'conditions of service' and 'secondary education'. Conditions of service are conditions of employment and in the context of this thesis are liberally interpreted to embrace tenure, salaries, pensions, registration and training. (2) The question of nomenclature in relation to the term 'secondary education' taxes every historian of this period. (3) The writer considers a secondary schoolmaster to be one teaching pupils in the 11-18 age group. The study is confined to England and Wales in that employment conditions in Scotland in many regards were noticeably different, often, in fact, superior to those prevailing south of the border. The AMA's membership has never included the Scottish schoolmaster although many members have always been recruited in Northern Ireland. - 6 - The time-span of the thesis is wide, covering some 60 years. There is, it will be noted, an imbalance to the chapters if viewed chronologically. On each of the major issues addressed, the coverage is greater in the earlier period of the Association's history (and hence in the earlier part of each chapter) when the impetus to create acceptable conditions of service was at its most imperative. It will be observed, too, that a thematic approach has been adopted. The rationale for this approach is purely for clarity of analysis and presentation: the issues covered, though obviously interrelated, by their intrinsic complexity demand separate treatment. (4) Chapter I, therefore, sets the scene for the subsequent analysis by outlining the background to the formation of the AMA, giving the aims of the Association and explaining why a distinct representation of the secondary schoolmasters' interests was considered necessary. Later chapters cover tenure, salaries, superannuation, registration and training. Scant attention paid to research topic An official history of the AMA has not been written, and few scholars have, for whatever reason, been interested in the historical development of teaching as a profession in England and Wales. Concomitant research into conditions of service, embracing tenure, salaries, pensions, registration and training, and the setting up of the teachers' associations whose initial and essential aim was to further and protect those conditions of service, has been minimal. This study, therefore, deals with an area in the history of education which has received scant attention, a fact reflected in the paucity of literature in this field. The writer has found no thesis - apart from that of Sinclair (1940) which is concerned solely with the issue of tenure (5) - that explores the AMA's role in relation to institutional provision. Scholars have concerned themselves in writing sweeping general histories of educational development with scarcely a passing reference to the role of the schoolmaster, to his training and the conditions of service he experienced, nor to the - 7 - professional associations - of which there was a proliferation in the last quarter of the nineteenth century- which he frequently joined. A perusal of the standard histories of education gives positive proof that reference to the study of teachers as an occupational group is either omitted or marginalized. In Curtis' collaborative study with Boultwood (1966, 4th edn.), the following sentence suffices to describe the development of the teachers' associations: 'Before 1868 the teaching profession in England had been unorganised, but, because of ties of common interest, various associations had been formed'. (6) In the same work, the year of the foundation of the AMA is incorrectly given as 1892, the Association, in fact, being founded the previous year. Earlier general histories of education by Archer (1921), (7) Adamson (1930), (8) and Barnard (1961, 2nd edn.) (9) give only fleeting consideration to the professional standing of teachers. Adamson, almost as an addendum, wrote a final chapter on The Schoolmaster's Profession', but dealt principally with teacher-training and not with the wider concerns of tenure, salaries, and superannuation. He made only one reference to the AMA with no further elaboration: 'In 1891 the Assistant Masters' Association (incorporated 1901) began a vigorous life'. (10) Armytage (1970, 2nd edn.) (11) refers to the foundation of the AMA but gives no account of the association's contribution to the improvement in conditions of service. Roach (1986, 1991) in his respected two-volume history of secondary education in England, (12) covering the period 1800-1902, aimed to reverse the balance of earlier histories which, to his perception, had failed - largely owing to the lack of available research material - to give much substance and reality to their accounts. He wanted to look at schools of many different kinds and to examine as closely as possible the ways in which they actually worked...what the masters and mistresses thought and felt....There was a lot to investigate...about individual personalities...many heads of grammar and private schools...have been largely forgotten by later generations. (13) Roach's underlying aim was to 'put much more flesh on to the skeleton of generalities than was formerly the case'. As for his treatment of the assistant master, however, 8 Roach's work adds little to scholarship. He gives high praise to T.E.Page, sixth-form master at Charterhouse 1873-1910 - and national chairman of the AMA, 1903 - describing him as 'probably the greatest pure scholar' amongst schoolmasters, (14) but, that apart, he offers no further information on the personae of the period.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Education Act 1973
    7 Education Act 1973 CHAPTER 16 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS Educational trusts Section 1. General provisions as to educational trusts. 2. Special powers as to certain trusts for religious education. Awards 3. Supplementation by Secretary of State, in special cases, of certain awards by local education authority. 4. Exclusion of post graduate courses from grants under section 2(1) of Education Act 1962. Supplementary 5. Citation and extent. SCHEDULES : Schedule 1--Transitional and supplementary provisions as to charities etc. Schedule 2-Repeals. A c. 16 1 ELIZABETH II Education Act 1973 1973 CHAPTER 16 An Act to make provision for terminating and in part replacing the powers possessed by the Secretary of State for Education and Science and the Secretary of State for Wales under the Charities Act 1960 concurrently with the Charity Commissioners or under the Endowed Schools Acts 1869 to 1948, and enlarging certain other powers of modifying educational trusts, and for sup- plementing awards under section 1 and restricting awards under section 2 of the Education Act 1962, and for purposes connected therewith. [18th April 1973] E IT ENACTED by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and B Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:- Educational trusts 1.-(1) There shall cease to have effect General provisions as (a) section 2 of the Charities Act 1960 (by which, as to educational originally enacted, the powers of the Charity Com trusts. missioners were made exercisable concurrently by the 1960 c.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Ignatian Association Newsletter – Autumn 2010
    Old Ignatian Association Newsletter – Autumn 2010 President’s Introduction Hello again. I‟m pleased to report that the appeal for content in the I hope to see as many of you as possible at the Mass in last newsletter has had some response! Thank you to November. those that have taken the time to share your thoughts Stephen McNicholas – President. and reminiscences via the Newsletter. Please keep them coming. Keeping in Touch I would again urge you all to consider the Newsletter when you are communicating with other members via If you have anything that you think would be of interest to email, something I know happens all the time. We do other members, then please send them to one of the have members that do not / cannot stay in touch via addresses below. email and the Newsletter remains their most important contact with the Association. A „cc‟ to Please send: [email protected] in these threads could - Remembrances of school life provide some great moments for those not in daily - Remembrances of Old Ignatian sporting teams / contact. achievements of the past - Woodford memories Socially, the Association held its annual dinner in the - Woodcroft memories West End in May, which was a fantastic evening and - News of what you are doing now very well attended. More of that later. The next big event - News of achievements and milestones on the Association calendar is on 21st November 2010 - Requests for contacts (we can contact them if they when the Association holds its annual Mass for are on our database and have them contact you).
    [Show full text]
  • The Cultural Role of Christianity in England, 1918-1931: an Anglican Perspective on State Education
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1995 The Cultural Role of Christianity in England, 1918-1931: An Anglican Perspective on State Education George Sochan Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Sochan, George, "The Cultural Role of Christianity in England, 1918-1931: An Anglican Perspective on State Education" (1995). Dissertations. 3521. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/3521 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1995 George Sochan LOYOLA UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE CULTURAL ROLE OF CHRISTIANITY IN ENGLAND, 1918-1931: AN ANGLICAN PERSPECTIVE ON STATE EDUCATION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY GEORGE SOCHAN CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JANUARY, 1995 Copyright by George Sochan Sochan, 1995 All rights reserved ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I. INTRODUCTION • ••.••••••••••.•••••••..•••..•••.••.•• 1 II. THE CALL FOR REFORM AND THE ANGLICAN RESPONSE ••.• 8 III. THE FISHER ACT •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 35 IV. NO AGREEMENT: THE FAILURE OF THE AMENDING BILL •. 62 v. THE EDUCATIONAL LULL, 1924-1926 •••••••••••••••• 105 VI. THE HADOW REPORT ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 135 VII. THREE FAILED BILLS, THEN THE DEPRESSION •••••••• 168 VIII. CONCLUSION ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 218 BIBLIOGRAPHY •••••••••.••••••••••.••.•••••••••••••••••.• 228 VITA ...........................................•....... 231 iii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Since World War II, beginning especially in the 1960s, considerable work has been done on the history of the school system in England.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses The development of education in the North Ridings of Yorkshire 1902 - 1939 Jennings, E. How to cite: Jennings, E. (1965) The development of education in the North Ridings of Yorkshire 1902 - 1939, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9965/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Abstract of M. Ed. thesis submitted by B. Jennings entitled "The Development of Education in the North Riding of Yorkshire 1902 - 1939" The aim of this work is to describe the growth of the educational system in a local authority area. The education acts, regulations of the Board and the educational theories of the period are detailed together with their effect on the national system. Local conditions of geograpliy and industry are also described in so far as they affected education in the North Riding of Yorkshire and resulted in the creation of an educational system characteristic of the area.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in the Provision of Physical Education for Children Under Twelve Years
    Durham E-Theses Changes in the provision of physical education for children under twelve years. 1870-1992 Bell, Stephen Gordon How to cite: Bell, Stephen Gordon (1994) Changes in the provision of physical education for children under twelve years. 1870-1992, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5534/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 CHANGES IN THE PROVISION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN UNDER TWELVE YEARS. 1870-1992 Stephen Gordon Bell The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. A thesis presented for the degree of M.A.(Ed,) in the Faculty of Social Science University of Durham 1994 I 0 JUM 199! Abstract A chronological survey over 120 years cannot fail to illustrate the concept of changesas history and change are inter-twined and in some ways synonymous„ Issues arising from political,social,financial,religious, gender and economic constraints affecting the practice and provision of Physical Education for all children under 12 in the state and independent sectors,including those with special needs,are explored within the period.The chapter divisions are broadly determined by the Education Acts of 1870,1902,1918,1944 and 1988 to illustrate developing changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Changing Dynamics of Social Class Educational Inequality Throughout the History of State Education in England: an Analysis of Four Policy Documents
    Exploring the changing dynamics of social class educational inequality throughout the history of state education in England: an analysis of four policy documents Ross Goldstone University of Cardiff, Cardiff, Wales, UK Abstract This article contributes a historically reflective critical exploration of the relationship between English state education and social class. In analysing selected historically significant policy documents, the article provides insights into the changing dynamics of social class educational inequality in England. Specifically, how across the life course of English education social class has been ‘washed out’ or ‘erased’ from policy documentation and either transmuted into different, sometimes unrelated, ideas or ignored altogether. Firstly, an introduction is locates the contemporary significance of social class to education in England. Thereafter, a section contextualises the history of education in England before the policy documents are analysed. These are: Report of the Schools Inquiry Commission (1868), Report of the Royal Commission on Secondary Education (1895), Secondary Education (1938), and Better Schools (1985). All four documents were not only written at times of policy significance and informed significant government policy but represent important trends in their own right. Through analysing these documents, it is clear how the presence of social class in official policy documents transitioned from unproblematically stated to ignored and ‘washed out’. In the final section, this pattern observed is assessed through broader dynamics taking place throughout the twentieth century. What is argued is that although social class was increasingly erased from 114 | P a g e Exploring the changing dynamics of social class educational inequality throughout the history of state education education policy documentation the significance of it remained but was henceforth misrecognised and hidden.
    [Show full text]
  • Anglo-Jewry's Experience of Secondary Education
    Anglo-Jewry’s Experience of Secondary Education from the 1830s until 1920 Emma Tanya Harris A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements For award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Hebrew and Jewish Studies University College London London 2007 1 UMI Number: U592088 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U592088 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract of Thesis This thesis examines the birth of secondary education for Jews in England, focusing on the middle classes as defined in the text. This study explores various types of secondary education that are categorised under one of two generic terms - Jewish secondary education or secondary education for Jews. The former describes institutions, offered by individual Jews, which provided a blend of religious and/or secular education. The latter focuses on non-Jewish schools which accepted Jews (and some which did not but were, nevertheless, attended by Jews). Whilst this work emphasises London and its environs, other areas of Jewish residence, both major and minor, are also investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversionary Project Report
    PART OF THE SAFER SCHOOLS PARTNERSHIP c/o Muswell Hill Police Station, Tottenham Police Station, 398 High Road, Tottenham, N17 9JA Diversionary Project Report APRIL 05 – MARCH 06 VICTORIA LOFTHOUSE SALLY ATKINSON JAMIE CRABB APRIL 2006 CONTENTS DIVERSIONARY PROJECTS 4 KEY TO DIVERSIONARY PROJECTS 5 SUMMARY OF DIVERSIONARY PROJECT REPORT 5-6 DIVERSIONARY PROJECTS (2005/6) 7-23 PEACE ASSEMBLIES THE COMEDY SCHOOL ‘IT’S NO JOKE!’ BOXING CLEVER – THE SECURELINK ORGANISATION 4YP SEXUAL HEALTH PROJECT RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PINEAPPLE STUDIOS PERFORMING ARTS SOLICITORS TALKS CITIZENSHIP DAYS YOUTH CRIME PREVENTION CONFERENCE SELF DEFENCE CLASSES WOOD GREEN CROWN COURT VISITS HMP BULLWOOD HALL PRISON VISIT WELLINGBORUGH PRISON VISITS ANTI SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR WORKSHOPS CITIZENSHIP / MENTORS DEPARTMENT RESOURCES DAY TRIPS GROUP WORK COORDINATION OF SERVICES FUTURE PROJECTS (2006/7) 23-24 THE COMEDY SCHOOL CENTRAL SCHOOL OF SPEECH AND DRAMA GROUP WORK RESTORATIVE JUSTICE THE BE SAFE PROJECT WELLINGBOROUGH PRISON DRUGS AND CRIME OUTREACH PROGRAMME 2 VALUE LIFE 3 WELLINGBOROUGH PRISON PINEAPPLE ARTS BOXING CLEVER 4YP SEXUAL HEALTH WOOD GREEN CROWN COURT ASB WORKSHOPS PVA RESIDENTIAL 3 DIVERSIONARY PROJECTS The Project Coordinator and NDC Youth Crime Reduction Coordinator are specialised posts to research and access existing diversionary activities for young people considered ‘at risk’. In addition they consult with young people, schools and partnership agencies to devise and implement activities linked to crime reduction, PSHE and Citizenship. Creativity is possible in all areas of human activity, including the arts, sciences, sports, at work, at play and in all other areas of daily life. All individuals, children and young people have creative abilities and we all possess these differently and uniquely.
    [Show full text]
  • Charities Act 1993
    Charities Act 1993 1993 CHAPTER 10 An Act to consolidate the Charitable Trustees Incorporation Act 1872 and, except for certain spent or transitional provisions, the Charities Act 1960 and Part I of the Charities Act 1992. [27th May 1993] Be it enacted by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:— PART I THE CHARITY COMMISSIONERS AND THE OFFICIAL CUSTODIAN FOR CHARITIES 1 The Charity Commissioners (1)There shall continue to be a body of Charity Commissioners for England and Wales, and they shall have such functions as are conferred on them by this Act in addition to any functions under any other enactment for the time being in force. (2)The provisions of Schedule 1 to this Act shall have effect with respect to the constitution and proceedings of the Commissioners and other matters relating to the Commissioners and their officers and employees. (3)The Commissioners shall (without prejudice to their specific powers and duties under other enactments) have the general function of promoting the effective use of charitable resources by encouraging the development of better methods of administration, by giving charity trustees information or advice on any matter affecting the charity and by investigating and checking abuses. (4)It shall be the general object of the Commissioners so to act in the case of any charity (unless it is a matter of altering its purposes) as best to promote and make effective the work of the charity in meeting the needs designated by its trusts; but the Commissioners shall not themselves have power to act in the administration of a charity.
    [Show full text]
  • We Remember Those Members of the Lloyd's Community Who Lost Their
    Surname First names Rank We remember those members of the Lloyd’s community who lost their lives in the First World War 1 We remember those who lost their lives in the First World War SurnameIntroduction Today, as we do each year, Lloyd’s is holding a But this book is the story of the Lloyd’s men who fought. Firstby John names Nelson, Remembrance Ceremony in the Underwriting Room, Many joined the County of London Regiment, either the ChairmanRank of Lloyd’s with many thousands of people attending. 5th Battalion (known as the London Rifle Brigade) or the 14th Battalion (known as the London Scottish). By June This book, brilliantly researched by John Hamblin is 1916, when compulsory military service was introduced, another act of remembrance. It is the story of the Lloyd’s 2485 men from Lloyd’s had undertaken military service. men who did not return from the First World War. Tragically, many did not return. This book honours those 214 men. Nine men from Lloyd’s fell in the first day of Like every organisation in Britain, Lloyd’s was deeply affected the battle of the Somme. The list of those who were by World War One. The market’s strong connections with killed contains members of the famous family firms that the Territorial Army led to hundreds of underwriters, dominated Lloyd’s at the outbreak of war – Willis, Poland, brokers, members and staff being mobilised within weeks Tyser, Walsham. of war being declared on 4 August 1914. Many of those who could not take part in actual combat also relinquished their This book is a labour of love by John Hamblin who is well business duties in order to serve the country in other ways.
    [Show full text]
  • [2005] Decision
    Page 1 2 of 3 DOCUMENTS Attorney General v Trustees of the British Museum (Commission for Looted Art in Eu- rope intervening) Chancery Division [2005] EWHC 1089 (Ch), [2005] Ch 397 HEARING-DATES: 24, 27 May 2005 27 May 2005 CATCHWORDS: Charity - Disposal of asset - Power - Museum's collection including looted objects - Heir of previous owner having moral claim to their return - Statutory prohibition on museum disposing of objects in collection - Whether Attorney General or court having power to authorise return - Whether trustees having power to ignore limitation defence to effect return - British Museum Act 1963 (c 24), s. 3(4) (as amended by Museums and Galleries Act 1992 (c 44), s. 11(2), Sch. 8, Pt I, para 5(a)) HEADNOTE: The trustees of the British Museum considered a claim brought by the heirs of F that four old master drawings in the museum's collections had been the property of F and had been stolen from him by the Gestapo during the Nazi oc- cupation of Czechoslovakia. The trustees were sympathetic to the claim and asked the Attorney General to permit the restitution of the drawings to F's heirs on the ground that it was morally right to do so. There was a principle which permitted the Attorney General or the court to authorise a payment out of charity funds where there was a moral obliga- tion to make such a payment, however, the Attorney General was concerned that the prohibition in section 3(4) of the British Museum Act 1963 n1 on the disposal of objects comprised in the museum's collections prevented the application of that principle to authorise the restitution of the drawings.
    [Show full text]
  • Localism in Joseph Chamberlain's Social Politics, 1869-1895. Everett Ap Rker Hall University of Massachusetts Amherst
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-1977 Localism in Joseph Chamberlain's Social Politics, 1869-1895. Everett aP rker Hall University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation Hall, Everett aP rker, "Localism in Joseph Chamberlain's Social Politics, 1869-1895." (1977). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 1352. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/1352 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOCALISM IN JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN'S SOCIAL POLITICS, 1869-189? A Dissertation Presented by EVERETT PARKER PIALL, JR. Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY February 1977 History (c) EVERETT PARKER HALL, JR. 1977 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED LOCALISM IN JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN'S SOCIAL POLITICS, 1869-1895 A Dissertation Presented By EVERETT PARKER HALL, JR. Approved as to style and content by Marvin Swai^tz, Cha3.rperson of Committee n /// /, / C 1-!/ ^ /it ^ 'ranklin B. ';/ickv/ire Member Michael Wolff, Member GeraldJerald McFarland, Chairman History Department ABSTRACT OF TIIE DISSERTATION Localism in Joseph Chamberlain's Social Politics, 1869-1895 Everett Parker Hall, Jr. Ph.D., University of Massachusetts, 1977 Directed by: Marvin Swartz This dissertation analyzes the Radical career of Joseph Chamberlain in terras of the social and political context in which he operated.
    [Show full text]