DOCSLIB.ORG

Pre-Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Bottom Ash for Utilisation in Road Construction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pre-Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Bottom Ash for Utilisation in Road Construction 2006:25 DOCTORAL T H E SI S Pre-Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Bottom Ash for Utilisation in Road Construction Jelena Todorovic´ Luleå University of Technology Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Division of Waste Science and Technology 2006:25|: 02-544|: - -- 06 ⁄25 -- Doctoral Thesis PRE-TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE INCINERATION (MSWI) BOTTOM ASH FOR UTILISATION IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION Jelena Todoroviü Division of Waste Science and Technology Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Luleå University of Technology SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden 2006:25 1402-1544 LTU-DT--06/25--SE Utbildning Doctoral thesis Institution Upplaga Samhällsbyggnad Avdelning Datum Avfallsteknik 2006-05-12 Titel Pre-treatment of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash for utilisation in road construction Författare Språk Jelena Todorovic ENG Sammanfattning Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash has the potential for utilisation in construction, e.g. as a road base material. Such an utilisation would decrease the amount of bottom ash to be landfilled. However, leachates generated from bottom ash could be concentrated with respect to salts and metals, causing environmental problems. The use of carbonation of as a method to decrease the leaching of inorganic pollutants from MSWI bottom ash has been studied. Field investigations and laboratory leaching experiments enabled the identification of inorganic pollutants whose leaching might be critical during such an utilisation. Treatment methods by carbonation and water extraction were evaluated regarding the mobility of seven critical pollutants (Al, Cl, Cr, Cu, Mo, Sb and SO4). The stabilising effect of carbonation to a moderate alkaline level (~pH 8.3) was evaluated and compared to the mobilising effect of carbonation in excess (~pH 6.4). Carbonation to a moderate alkaline level demobilised four (Al, Cr, Cu and Sb) of seven critical components. Washing to remove easily soluble salts was recommended in addition to moderate carbonation. Carbonation in excess had the highest mobilising effect on Cr, Cu and Sb when interacted with other factors, mostly pH. Carbonation in excess was therefore proven to be a key factor enhancing the effectiveness of MSWI bottom ash treatment by wet extraction. Uppdragsgivare The Swedish Energy Agency, The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Science, and Spatial Planning (Formas), Värmeforsk and the Board of Technical Faculty of Luleå University of Technology. Granskare/Handledare Anders Lagerkvist URL: http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2006/25 III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Producing a PhD thesis would be impossible without the support from colleagues, friends and family. For helping me during the writing of this thesis, I would like to thank “from the bottom of my heart”: - Dr. Holger Ecke, my patient supervisor who shared his knowledge and experience, supported and encouraged me, and read and commented on hundreds of pages of my work; - Professor Anders Lagerkvist, who welcomed me to his team, supervised my work, shared his wisdom and gave me support; - Malin Svensson, Inga Herrmann and Solvita Ore for sharing their results and knowledge with me and for their fruitful cooperation on scientific publications; - Ulla-Britt Uvemo, Roger Lindfors, Kerstin Nordqvist and Thomas Forsberg, who patiently assisted me during my laboratory and field work; - Henrik Bristav (Umeå Energi AB), Maria Nyholm (Ragn-Sells Avfallsbehandling AB) and Maria Vamling (Sundsvall Energi AB), who provided information and material essential to this work; - Valerie Herbert who contributed with her senior design project to this work; - Lale Anderas and Christian Maurice for reading and commenting the manuscript; - Wayne Chan for language editing; - Herlander Sapage and Kjell Havnesköld for solving my computer related problems; - colleagues at the Division of Waste Science and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, for creating an inspiring environment for research work; - friends and colleagues at Alternative Academic Educational Network, Belgrade and Dräger Medical, Belgrade, for their help and support; - my dear friends in Sweden and Belgrade for all the joyful times that we shared; - mom, dad and Dragan for their unconditional love, support and encouragement, and; - my love Anders, who “coloured” my life with his friendship, humour and love. I would also like to gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Swedish Energy Agency, The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Science, and Spatial Planning (Formas), Värmeforsk and the Board of Technical Faculty of Luleå University of Technology. Eskilstuna, May 2006, Jelena Todoroviü. Jelena Todoroviü, Division of Waste Science and Technology, LTU, 2006 V TABLE OF CONTENTS List of papers .................................................................................................................VII Summary.........................................................................................................................IX Sammanfattning..............................................................................................................XI 1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 2 2 Material andmethods................................................................................................ 2 2.1 Material............................................................................................................. 2 2.2 Test road........................................................................................................... 2 2.3 Moderate carbonation of bottom ash ................................................................ 3 2.4 Excess carbonation of suspended bottom ash................................................... 3 2.5 Leaching tests................................................................................................... 3 Compliance leaching test.......................................................................................... 3 Availability test......................................................................................................... 4 Diffusion leaching test.............................................................................................. 4 pH-stat leaching test.................................................................................................. 4 Column test............................................................................................................... 4 2.6 Chemical analyses............................................................................................. 4 2.7 Statistical methods ............................................................................................ 5 Analysis of fractional factorial design...................................................................... 5 Multivariate data analysis (MVDA) ......................................................................... 5 3 Results anddiscussion .............................................................................................. 6 3.1 Critical components .......................................................................................... 6 Components exceeding regulatory leaching limits................................................... 6 Comparison with leaching from conventional construction material....................... 7 3.2 Testing approaches......................................................................................... 10 Leaching mechanisms............................................................................................. 10 Chemical aspects of self-binding of bottom ash..................................................... 11 Testing incineration residues using diffusion test................................................... 11 3.3 Evaluation of treatment methods .................................................................... 11 Moderate carbonation ............................................................................................. 12 Supplementary treatment to moderate carbonation ................................................ 16 Jelena Todoroviü, Division of Waste Science and Technology, LTU, 2006 VI Carbonation in excess .............................................................................................18 Prospects .................................................................................................................20 4 Conclusions .............................................................................................................21 5 Outlook....................................................................................................................22 6 List of abbreviations................................................................................................23 7 References ...............................................................................................................24 Appendices: Papers I – V Jelena Todoroviü, Division of Waste Science and Technology, LTU, 2006 VII LIST OF PAPERS The research presented is based on two projects, namely Bottom ash in road construction and Stabilisation of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) ashes by carbonation, resulting in the five appended scientific papers listed below. Todorovic, J. and Ecke,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash (MIBA) Characteristics and Potential for Use in Road Pavements Lynn, Ciarán J.; Ghataora, Gurmel S.; Dhir, Ravindra
    University of Birmingham Municipal incinerated bottom ash (MIBA) characteristics and potential for use in road pavements Lynn, Ciarán J.; Ghataora, Gurmel S.; Dhir, Ravindra DOI: 10.1016/j.ijprt.2016.12.003 License: Other (please provide link to licence statement Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (Harvard): Lynn, CJ, Ghataora, GS & Dhir, R 2017, 'Municipal incinerated bottom ash (MIBA) characteristics and potential for use in road pavements', International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 185- 201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2016.12.003 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document.
    [Show full text]
  • Utilisation of Two-Stage Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash As a Cement Substitute in Concrete
    Waste Management and the Environment III 85 Utilisation of two-stage waste incinerator bottom ash as a cement substitute in concrete F. Kokalj & N. Samec University of Mariboru, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Slovenia Abstract Waste incineration still seems to be an essential technology in the concept of integrated waste management. However, the desirable quantity of waste incineration residue needs to be as low as possible. Therefore, related optimization of two-stage waste incineration technology has been performed with the main goal of producing lower amounts of boiler ash, fly ash and flue gas-treatment residue, all classified as hazardous waste. Most of the combustion residue should be incinerator bottom ash. Tests were performed on light fraction of municipal solid waste in a two-stage pilot scale waste incineration plant. The goal of this investigation is to present utilisation possibilities of waste light fraction incineration bottom ash as a cement substitute in concrete. The produced incinerator bottom ash, formed in the primary chamber of the two- stage incinerator, was analysed, tested and compared to other incinerator bottom ashes and cement. High resemblance of investigated bottom ash to cement was determined compared to other bottom ashes. Compressive and flexural strength and slump test were performed to characterise incinerator bottom ash and cement mixtures in concrete. It was found that after 28 days the flexural and compressive strengths of the binder linearly gradually decreases. The results show that it is possible to substitute 15 wt% of cement where low strength concrete is required. Keywords: incinerator bottom ash, waste incineration, two-stage incinerator, concrete.
    [Show full text]
  • After Incineration: the Toxic Ash Problem
    AFTER INCINERATION: THE TOXIC ASH PROBLEM IPEN Dioxin, PCBs and Waste Working Group Re-print from April 2005 Report IPEN is a leading global network of 700 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in more than 100 developing countries and countries with economies in transition. IPEN works to establish and implement safe chemicals policies and practices to protect human health and the environment. It does this by building the capacity of its member organizations to implement on-the-ground activities, learn from each other’s work, and work at the international level to set priorities and achieve new policies. Its mission is a toxics-free future for all. For more information about IPEN see: www. ipen.org After Incineration: The Toxic Ash Problem – IPEN Dioxin, PCBs and Waste WG After Incineration: The Toxic Ash Problem IPEN Dioxin, PCBs and Waste Working Group Re-print from April 2005 Report Prague – Manchester 1 After Incineration: The Toxic Ash Problem – IPEN Dioxin, PCBs and Waste WG Acknowledgements Contributors Jindrich Petrlik, MSc Arnika Association - Toxics and Waste Programme Chlumova 17 Prague 3, CZ-130 00 Czech Republic e-mail: [email protected] tel. + fax No.: +420.222 781 471 http://english.arnika.org Ralph Anthony Ryder Communities Against Toxics PO Box 29, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH66 3TX United Kingdom http://www.communities-against-toxics.org.uk With additional contributions from: Arne Schoevers, Waste and Environment, Netherlands Milan Havel, MSc, Arnika - Toxics and Waste Programme, Czech Republic IPEN also acknowledges the essential help of Arnika staff members, Hana Kuncova, Martin Skalsky, Lenka Maskova and Kristina Beranova in the preparation of this report and Pat Costner, Senior Science Advisor, IPEN, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Incineration Fly Ash and Its Treatment to Possible Utilization: a Review
    energies Review Incineration Fly Ash and Its Treatment to Possible Utilization: A Review Altaf Hussain Kanhar, Shaoqing Chen and Fei Wang * State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; [email protected] (A.H.K.); [email protected] (S.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-571-87952628; Fax: +86-571-87952438 Received: 29 October 2020; Accepted: 9 December 2020; Published: 17 December 2020 Abstract: Incineration has gained popularity over landfill as a key solution for the reduction of massively increasing volumes of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation worldwide and in particular China. However, it is not the end solution. The disposal of the incineration residues, which are enriched with a wide range of heavy metals and soluble salts, has become a challenge for the environmental managers. The aim of this study was to review the increasing urbanization and its repercussion on waste generation in China; waste management options were compared for possible environmentally friendly considerations. Treatment techniques of incineration fly ash were discussed to determine the effectiveness of obtaining environmentally stable material, and, finally, possible applications of incineration fly ash for utilization were discussed based on identifying the processing suitability, performance and environmental impact of incineration fly ash for its applications. Keywords: municipal solid waste; incineration; fly ash; urbanization; heavy metals; treatment techniques 1. Introduction In 2016, around 2.01 billion tons of solid waste was generated worldwide. With increasing population, urban expansion and industrialization, the annual waste generation is expected to increase by 70% in the coming two decades [1]. Chinese urban expansion is increasing year by year and so is the generation of municipal solid waste.
    [Show full text]
  • Production of Lightweight Aggregate from Incinerator Bottom Ash and Pulverised Fuel Ash
    Production of lightweight aggregate from incinerator bottom ash and pulverised fuel ash S. Bethanis & C. R. Cheeseman Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, UK Abstract Waste incineration is increasingly considered a leading alternative to landfill in many countries due to limited availability of landfill sites and potential adverse environmental effects associated with waste disposal. Incinerator bottom ash (IBA) residues are generated at a rate of approximately 800 kilotonnes per year in the UK and the majority is currently landfilled. The production of lightweight aggregate by sintering mixes of municipal solid waste IBA and pulverised fuel ash (PFA) represents a potentially attractive reuse application for these high- volume waste materials. PFA has been added to IBA to control the sintering behaviour. The effect of adding a carbonaceous material that decomposes during firing to produce controlled levels of porosity has been investigated. Waste activated carbon has been used as a pore former in pellets containing significant quantities of IBA. Two lightweight aggregates were manufactured, a carbon-free and a carbon-containing aggregate, and were characterised in terms of physical, mechanical, mineralogical and microstructural properties. The IBA-derived aggregate performance was assessed in comparison with commercial synthetic aggregate (Lytag) and the results confirmed the feasibility of the production of lightweight aggregate using significant concentrations of the
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Assessment Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Low-Level and Mixed Waste Processing
    DOE.'EA-0843 June 1994 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT IDAHO NATIONAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY LOW-LEVEL AND MIXED WASTE PROCESSING Prepared for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management DISCLAIMER This report was .prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitu~e or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof• .--~ . ,.~~ -.- '.'- ..~------ DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. PREFACE In response to public comments, DOE is now proposing only a portion of the proposed actions analyzed in this Environmental Assessment (EA). The following provides information about the modified" proposed action.. DOE initially prepared a draft EA to assess the environmental
    [Show full text]
  • Leaching from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Residues
    Leaching from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Residues Jiřš í Hyk Department of Environmental Engineering Leaching from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Residues JiTí Hykš Ph.D. Thesis February 2008 Technical University of Denmark Department of Environmental Engineering Leaching from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Residues Cover: Torben Dolin & Julie Camilla Middleton Printed by: Vester Kopi Department of Environmental Engineering ISBN 978-87-91855-48-1 The thesis will be available as a pdf-file for downloading from the departments homepage on: www.env.dtu.dk Department of Environmental Engineering Library Bygningstorvet, Building 115, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Phone: Direct: (+45) 45 25 16 10 (+45) 45 25 16 00 Fax: (+45) 45 93 28 50 E-mail: [email protected] Preface This thesis is the result of a Ph.D. study carried out at DTU Environment (former E&R). The study was jointly funded by I/S Vestforbrænding, I/S Amagerforbrænding, Aarhus Kommunale Værker, and DONG Energy A/S. Professor Dr. Agro Thomas H. Christensen and Associate Professor Ph.D. Thomas Astrup acted as supervisors. Journal manuscripts prepared during the course of the study are enclosed: I. Hyks, J.; Astrup, T. & Christensen, T.H. Influence of test conditions on solubility controlled leaching predictions from air-pollution-control residues. Waste Management & Research 2007, 25 (5), p. 457-466. II. Hu, Y.; Hyks, J.; Astrup, T. & Christensen, T.H. Effect of drying on leaching testing of treated municipal solid waste incineration APC-residues. Accepted in Waste Management & Research 2008. III. Hyks, J.; Astrup, T. & Christensen, T.H. Leaching from MSWI bottom ash: Effects of non-equilibrium during column experiments.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment and Reuse of Incineration Bottom Ash
    Treatment and reuse of incineration bottom ash T. Astrup (Technical University of Denmark) A. Muntoni (University of Calgiari, Italy) A. Polettini (University of Rome "La Sapienza", Italy) T. van Gerven (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgie) A. van Zomeren (ECN) April 2016 ECN-B--16-004 Environmental Materials and Waste Resource Recovery and Pollution Prevention This page intentionally left blank Environmental Materials and Waste Resource Recovery and Pollution Prevention Edited by M.N.V. Prasad Kaimin Shih AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, UK 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA 50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash for the Removal of Hydrogen Sulphide (H2s)
    Air Pollution XXV 209 USE OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE INCINERATION BOTTOM ASH FOR THE REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE (H2S) NICOLAS TURGEON1, YANN LE BIHAN1, SYLVAIN SAVARD1, MYLÈNE D’AOUST2, MATHIEU FOURNIER2 & DAVID SÉNÉCHAL2 1Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec (CRIQ), Canada 2Ville de Québec, Canada ABSTRACT Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is a common malodorous gas causing many problems of odour and industrial atmospheric emissions potentially harmful to health. Québec City has mandated the Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec to determine the capacity of the bottom ash (BA) produced by its municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator for the elimination of H2S. Tests carried out under controlled conditions (laboratory prototype consisting of three reactors containing respectively 10, 20 and 30 cm BA beds) over a total period of 1750 h (~73 days) established that the elimination capacity of demetalized bottom ash produce by the Québec City MSW incinerator varies between 77 ± 13 and 121 ± 20 g H2S /kg dry BA. These results are considerably higher than those published by other authors and demonstrate the potential of this material for various industrial applications (i.e. treatment of landfill gas, pretreatment of biogas produced by anaerobic digestion, etc.) in accordance with the principles of industrial ecology. Keywords: hydrogen sulfide, incineration, municipal solid waste, bottom ash, industrial ecology. 1 INTRODUCTION Controlling hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions (toxic and smelling of rotten eggs) remains a key environmental issue for many industrial sectors (landfill sites, rendering, composting, wastewater treatment, biomethanization, pulp and paper, petrochemicals, agri-food, ranching, etc.) [1]. The main technologies that are currently available for the treatment of H2S rely on absorption (chemical washing), adsorption (activated charcoal) or biological processes (biofiltration, bacterial bed, bioscrubber).
    [Show full text]
  • Mining Incinerator Bottom Ash for Heavy Non-Ferrous Metals and Precious Metals
    Mining Incinerator Bottom Ash for Heavy Non-Ferrous Metals and Precious Metals Mining Incinerator Bottom Ash for Heavy Non-Ferrous Metals and Precious Metals Jan-Peter Born 1. Implementing the washing process ..........................................................276 2. Focus of classically obtained heavy non-ferrous metals and its composition .....................................................................................277 3. Heavy non-ferrous metals from sand .......................................................282 4. Overall mass balances .................................................................................283 5. Source of precious metals...........................................................................284 6. Conclusions ..................................................................................................285 7. References ....................................................................................................286 Incineration Waste In 2012 the Dutch Waste-to-Energy sector agreed upon a Green Deal [1] with the government to either clean the Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash stemming from Waste-to-Energy, or find other applications for it rather than the IBC application in embankments (closed application; IBC = isolation, management and con- trol). As a member of the Dutch Waste Management Association, N.V. HVC was one of the companies that signed this Green deal and committed to the goal stated therein. From the beginning of this process the target was to clean
    [Show full text]
  • APPENDIX 4: United Kingdom Bottom Ash Management Standard
    UNITED KINGDOM APPENDIX BOTTOM ASH MANAGEMENT STANDARD 4 APPENDIX 4: United Kingdom Bottom Ash Management Standard EAST ROCKINGHAM WASTE TO ENERGY FACILITY – ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW DOCUMENT – ASSESSMENT NO. 2116 Aurora Environmental – NEC2017-004-PER_005_pz – 30 October 2017 │ Page 142 Standard rules SR2012 No13 The Environmental Permitting (England & Wales) Regulations 2010 Treatment of Incinerator Bottom Ash (IBA) Part A installation – treatment capacity more than 75 tonnes per day Introductory note This introductory note does not form part of these standard rules When referred to in an environmental permit, these rules will allow the operator to operate a Part A installation (falling within the scope of the Industrial Emissions Directive) for the treatment of Incinerator Bottom Ash (IBA) inside a building at a specified location. Permitted wastes shall include only incinerator bottom ash and slag other than those mentioned in waste code 19 01 11. The total quantity of waste that can be accepted at a site under these rules must be less than 75,000 tonnes a year. These rules are for facilities that have the capacity to treat more than 75 tonnes waste in any one day. The purpose of treatment is to improve ash quality in order to generate a material that has the potential for recovery (e.g. for use as a secondary aggregate material in road construction) and mechanically separate and collect the ferrous and non-ferrous metal fractions for further recycling. These rules do not allow any point source emission into surface waters or groundwater.
    [Show full text]
  • The Louisiana State University Waste-To Energy Incinerator, January 1994
    The Louisiana State University Waste-To Energy Incinerator, January 1994 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 1.0 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR ACTION 2.0 BACKGROUND 3.0 PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES 3.1 The Proposed Action 3.2 Alternative Actions 3.2.1 Build and Operate a Landfill 3.2.2 Find Markets for Waste Products 3.2.3 Reduce Wastes 3.3 The No-Action Alternative 4.0 DESCRIPTION OF AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Air Quality and Climate 4.2 Ecological Resources 4.3 Water Quality 4.4 Floodplains and Wetlands 4.5 Land Use 4.6 Visual and Recreational Resources 4.7 Historic and Archaeological Resources 4.8 Socio-economics 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF PROPOSED ACTION 5.1 Air Quality 5.2 Ecological Resources 5.3 Water Quality 5.4 Floodplains and Wetlands 5.5 Waste Management 5.6 Land Use 5.7 Visual and Recreational Resources 5.8 Historic and Archaeological Resources 5.9 Socio-economics 5.10 Noise 5.11 Safety and Health 5.12 Transportation 5.13 Accident Analysis 6.0 LIST OF PERSONS/AGENCIES CONSULTED 7.0 REFERENCES APPENDIX A (figures and letters, are not electronically available at this time) Figure 1: State Map Figure 2: Location Map Figure 3: Area Map Figure 4: LSU Waste Management Schematic Figure 5: Proposed Site Plan Figure 6: Active Relief Well Locations Figure 7: Typical Facility Floor Plan -- Fixed-Hearth Incinerator APPENDIX B (figures and letters, are not electronically available at this time) Baton Rouge Wind Rose APPENDIX C (figures and letters, are not electronically available at this time) Letter from Virginia Van Sickle, Secretary, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries.
    [Show full text]