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Odysseus's Faithful Old Nurse Cyclopes Tsi Klo'pèz

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Odysseus's Faithful Old Nurse Cyclopes Tsi Klo'pèz PRINCIPAL CHARACTERS IN THE ODYSSEY HUMANS AcAMEMNoN (ag'a mem/ noru: king and leader of Greek forces during the Trojan war ALCI,Nous (al sin'o a$: king of the Phaeacians and person to whom Odysseus relates his story AMpHINoMUs (am fin'ð rrlâs): one of Penelope's suitors ANTINoUs (an tin/o as)' rudest of Penelope's suitors EUMAEUS tyoo me'as), Odysseus's loyal swineherd EURvcLETA ryoô ri kle'a): Odysseus's faithful old nurse EURyLocHUS (yoo ri'a kas), one of Odysseus's crew EURvMACHUS {yoo rim'a kas), one of Penelope's suitors EUtryNoME {yoo rin'a me), Penelope's housekeeper LAERTEs úã ut'têz\: Odysseus's father MARoN (mãr' on): priest of Apollo who gives Odysseus a gift of powerful wine oDyssEUS to dis'e as): king of Ithaca and hero of the Trojan war p-EñELopE (pa nel'a pë), Odysseus's wife ,9t ''1¿ rERIMEDES {per'i me" dênt one of Odysseus's crew iíìri, TELEMACHUs (ta {r. lem/a kast' Odysseus and Penelope's son \-,]! TTRESTAS (tr rë'sê as): blind prophet from the underworld ü GODS AND IMMORTALS APoLLo ta pol'öt, god of sunlíght, music, poetry, medicine, law, and the tending of flocks and herds ATHENA (ê the'nâ): daughter of Zeus and goddess of wisdom, skills, and warfare who helps her chosen heroes cALYPSo lka lip'so): immortal sea nyrnph who holds Odysseus captive for many years ctraRYBDIS tka rib'disl, dangerous whirlpool personified as a female monster cIRcE (sur'se): enchantress who lives on the island of Aeaea cYcLoPES tsi klo'pèz): râcê of one-eyed giants; an individual merrÈerpfthe race is a Cyclops (si klops) HELIos (he'lë os')' god of the sun; another name for Apollo Lorus llo'tast EATERS: inhabitants of a land visited by Odysseus and his crera. poLypHEMUS (pof i fe'mas)r a Cyclops and son of Poseidon posEIDoN {pa s1d'an): god of the sea and earthquakes scyLLA (sil'a): six-headed female sea monster srnrru's $l'ranz), sea nymphs who sing songs that lure men to their death zrus (zoos): king of the gods 858 UNIT 5 EPIC AND MYTH FarT I hn Invocation poets in Homer's døy belieaed thøt the gods inspired their-storytelling, his.performønce rnith )ía"ii"gl"g. Accorñng tu custom, Hom.er begins cølling-upon the Muse, the goddess of epic poetry, for i*"'¡irír*øn,'í,)tn cøpture ord. inspiration'- The inaocøtion serrses ø second purpose: to 'äï the ,iau"ri's øttention with highlights of heroic ødaentures that poet will løter describe in detøil' Singin me, Muse, and through me tell the story man skilled in all ways of contending,o 2 contending: fighting or dealing of that with difficulty. the wanderer, harriedo for years on end, 3 harried: constantly tormented or after he p)*W,A*¡",ç,$ the_ stronghold troubled. 5 on the proud height of TroY. He saw the townlands and learned the minds of many distant men, many bitter nights and days I weathered: gotthrough safelY; and weatheredo survived. in his deep heart at sea, while he fougþ only 10 to save hiã hfe, to bring his shipmates home' Butnot by will not y*9,L9; could he save them, for their own recklessness destroyed them all- children and footrs, they killed and feasted on god of Lord Helios,o the Sun, L4 Helios (hê'lê os'): the the cattle of the sun. 15 and he'whoffloves all day through heaven took from thqir,eyes the dawn of their return' Muse, datrghter of 7''eus'" 17 Zeus (zoo$: The most Powerful Of these âdvent'ures, of the gods, Zeus is the father of tell us in our time,lift the greai song again' coun[less major and minor gods. tsegin when all the rest who left behind them 20 heedlong death in battle 9r,at¡ea had h'ãagp rui,,"'"d, while he a&me etill hungered f,tr ú;* wfe. Her tadYshiP CalYPso" 22 eaþse(ke'liP^sö) her caves- erftg to him in 9ea.hgllowed iinmortal" and most beautiful' 24 nymph: a Young, beautiful a n1tfuph," spirit, or minor goddess, rePre- 25 who craved him for her own' senting the divine Power of a Place or of something in nature, such as a tree, cave, or bodY of water. immortal: living forever; eternal. thøt the story Epie trnd þie Íir.lta Now does the reader quickly leorn l aboutta uttÍold recounþ the deeds of on epíc heroT (plun' v. to take (property) by forcq especially inwarlarc v///ri,//////olunder ' dar) yÞ)P,É (val'ai) n. great courage' especially in battle THE ODYSSEY, PART 1 859 And when long y*att and, seasons wheeling.brought around that point of tirne ordainedo for him to make his passage homeward, 28 ordaíned: set or determíned by trials and dangers, even so, attended him an authority-in this case, fate, or the gods, 30 even in Ifhaca, near those he loved. Yet all the gods had pitied.Lord Odysseus, (o all but Poseidon, ragþg cold and rougho 31-33 Odysseus dis'e as) . against the brave till he came ashore the brave king: Odysseus is the ki.g' king of lthaca. at last on his own land. 32 Poseidon (pa sr-d'an), raging cold and rough: Po#ídon, brother of Zeus, governs the oceans as well as earthquakes. ln the next section, New Coasts and Poseidon's Son you will find clues to his anger at 0dysseus. The gods øre worried. Neqrly ten yeørs høae pøssed since the end of the rnør agøinst Troy, but one of the greøtest Greek generals has not yet yeturned home. Odysseus høs encountered ø series of disøsters on his aoyøge and is now the prisoner of a nymph nømed Cølypso. He høsølso øngered Poseidon, who høs prevented him from returning to his raiþ; Penelope (pa nel'e pQ), and his son, Telemøchus (ta lem'e kas), oin the islønd of Ithøcø, But Poseidon ís oisiting Africø, ønd the other gods øgree to øct behind his bøck. The poet now tells of Odysseus, who is miserøble nfter seaen yeørs on his island príson. Cølypso loaes her høndsorne cøptiae ønd will not let hím go, but she ís forced to reconsider her position when she receiaes a strongly worded order from Mount Olympus. _Giaing in, CøIypso helps Odysseus møke ø raft, ønd he thønkfully depørts.'But he does not høue smooth søiling. Poseídon, returning from Africø, spots his old enemy øt sea ønd shipwrecks him in øn instønt with ø fierce storm. Zeus's døugþter Athenø intmtenes. She cøsts Adysseus, naked ønd neør deøth, øshore on the island of Phneøciø (fë ã'she). TVrcre ø beøutiful princess discoz¡ers him ønd tøkes him home to the paløce of her føther, King Alcinous (al sin' o es). The Phneøciøns treøt Odysseus øs ø noble guest ønd urge him to reueøl his idmtity. At løst he relutts nnd uncer- tøínly begins to tellhis grþping story. Colliope, Muse of epic poetry. Marble. Ludovisi collection. Vual fl" AA calliope is the muse of epic poetry. In Greek mythology, muses were believed to inspire the creation of the arts. Poets, musicíans, and artisans often looked to them as the source of their creativity. What about this sculpture suggests that the woman might be involved with the creation of epic poetry? Analyze Figurative Language Why might tþe poet have used the verb wheeling to describe the possing af yeors ond seosons? 840 UNIT 5 EPIC AND MYTH "What shall I say Íirst? What shall I keep until the end? The gods have triedo me in a thousand ways. 3 tried: tested. But first my name: let that be known to you, s and if I pull away from pitiless deatþ friendship will bind us, though my land lies far. I am Laertes'son, Odysseus. Men hold" me I hold: regard; consider. g formidable' lor &!Ð)Ê,in peace and war: formidable: causingfear, dread, 1.0 this fame has gone abroad to the sky's rim. awe, or admiration as a result of sizg strengh, power, or some other My home is on the peaked sea-mark of lthaca impressirle quality. under Mount Neion'so wind-blor¡m robe of leaves, 12 Neion (nê'on) in sight of other islands-Dulichium,o 13 Dulichium (dõõ lik'e am) o Same, wooded T.acynthuso-Ithaca 14 Same (sã'mê). Zacynthus 1.s being most lofty in that coastal sea, (za sin'thes) and northwest, while the rest 1ie east and south A rocky isle, but good for aboy's traintng; I shall not see on earth a place more dear, though I have been detained long by Calypso, z0 loveliest among goddesses, who held me in her smooth caves, to be her heart's delight, as Circe of Aeaea, the enchantress,o 22 Circe (sur'se)... the desired me, and detained me in her hall. enchantress: Circe is a goddess capable of enchanting, or working But in my heart I never gave consent. , magic uþon, men. Aeaea (e e'a) is 25 Where shall a man find sweetness to surpass her ísland. his own home and his parents? ftr far lands he shall not, though he find a house of gold. I¡Vhat of my sailing, thery from Troy? What of those years 30 of rough ad.venture, weathered und.er Zevs?"o 30 weathered under Zeus: 0dysseus uses words craftíly. Here, he appears to give respectful credit reløtes his Odysseus first ødaenture. He ønd his fleet of twelae shíps to Zeus for getting him safely øttøcked ønd plundered the coøstal settlement'of the Cicones,(si kotnez).
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