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Anthony Veasna So Remembered Holmes Chan Hong Kong Spirit Richard Heydarian Asian Revolutionaries Anthony Tao Hutong Secrets Anthony Veasna So remembered ASIAN LITERATURE FEBRUARY–APRIL 2021 Holmes Chan Anthony Tao Hong Kong spirit Hutong secrets Richard Heydarian Tse Wei Lim Asian revolutionaries Hawker culture 32 9 772016 012803 VOLUME 6, NUMBER 2 FEBRUARY–APRIL 2021 HISTORY 3 Thomas A. Bass Kissinger and Ellsberg in Vietnam TAIWAN 7 Michael Reilly Between two whales POETRY 8 Maw Shein Win ‘Phone booth’, ‘Shops’, ‘Restaurant’, ‘Factory’, ‘Eggs’, ‘Huts’ INTERVIEW 9 Andrew Quilty Mullah Abdul Rahman, Taliban commander NOTEBOOK 12 Yuen Chan In China’s grip ASIA 13 Richard Heydarian Underground Asia: Global Revolutionaries and the Assault on Empire by Tim Harper MYANMAR 14 David Scott Mathieson The Burmese Labyrinth: A History of the Rohingya Tragedy by Carlos Sardina Galache HONG KONG 15 Holmes Chan Defiance: Photographic Documentary of Hong Kong’s Awakening; Voices JOURNALISM 16 Martin Stuart-Fox You Don’t Belong Here: How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War by Elizabeth Becker CHINA 18 Anne Stevenson-Yang Anxious China: Inner Revolution and Politics of Psychotherapy by Li Zhang AUSTRALIA 19 Jeff Sparrow The Carbon Club: How a Network of Influential Climate Sceptics, Politicians and Business Leaders Fought to Control Australia’s Climate Policy by Marian Wilkinson MALAYSIA 20 Charles Brophy Automation and the Future of Work by Aaron Benanav; Work in an Evolving Malaysia: The State of Households 2020, Part II by Khazanah Research Institute RELIGION 21 Christopher G. Moore Finding the Heart Sutra; Guided by a Magician, an Art Collector and Buddhist Sages from Tibet to Japan by Alex Kerr HERITAGE 22 Farah Abdessamad Returning Southeast Asia’s Past: Objects, Museums, and Restitution by Louise Tythacott and Panggah Ardiyansyah (eds) HISTORY 23 Carl Vadivella Belle Life Under the Palms: The Sublime World of the Anti- Colonialist Jacob Haafner by Paul van der Velde (translated by Liesbeth Bennink) SHORT STORY 24 Ken Kwek Teochew opera POEM 27 S Rupsha Mitra ‘Winter wanderings’, ‘Gestalt of memories’, ‘During the war’ TRIBUTE 28 Sunisa Manning Anthony Veasna So THAILAND 29 Tyrell Haberkorn A Good True Thai by Sunisa Manning INDONESIA 30 Jennifer Lindsay The Book of Jakarta by Maesy Ang and Teddy W. Kusuma (eds) POETRY 31 Michael Freeman Magnolia, 木蘭 by Nina Mingya Powles; chengyu chinoiserie by Leung Rachel Ka Yin POEM Nha Thuyen ‘Where are the wings beating from’ (translated by Kaitlin Rees) TRANSLATION 32 Violet Cho Language is power NEIGHBOURHOOD 33 Anthony Tao In my hutong PROFILE 34 Abby Seiff Anup Kaphle PUBLISHING 36 Marc de Faoite Dropping English POEM Rory Harris ‘Change’ FOOD 37 Tse Wei Lim Childhood snacks BOOKSELLER 38 Siddharth Dasgupta Radhika Timbadia PUBLISHER & EDITOR Minh Bui Jones CONTRIBUTING EDITORS ko ko thett (poetry), Preeta Samarasan (fiction), Pauline Fan (translation) DESIGN Jess Barr WEBSITE Nicholas Lhoyd-Owen DISTRIBUTION Shu Wen Chye SUB-EDITORS Allen Myers, Mina Bui Jones, Abby Seiff PROOFREADER Izzy Souster COVER ILLUSTRATOR Elsie Herberstein ARTISTS Damien Chavanat, Charis Loke, Gianluca Costantini, Erica Eng, Paul Orchard, Badiucao PO Box 417, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia; [email protected] Mekong Review is published four times a year; next issue May 2021 2 HISTORY Kissinger and Ellsberg in Vietnam Thomas A. Bass efore Henry Kissinger was secretary of state in the Nixon administration and Daniel Ellsberg leaked the Pentagon Papers to the New York BTimes in 1971, they met in Saigon in July 1966 to swap views on Vietnam and discuss how the war was going. Then a Harvard professor looking to make his move into politics, Kissinger was visiting Vietnam as a consultant to Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., a fellow Harvardian and former senator who was serving as US ambassador. Ellsberg, a military analyst who had been in Vietnam for ten months as an assistant to the CIA agent Edward Lansdale, gave Kissinger two important pieces of advice: never talk to someone in the presence of their boss, and do not go to official briefings. Rarely for an American in Vietnam, he also suggested that Kissinger interview some Vietnamese. Ellsberg was studying pacification for Lansdale, which meant he was looking for ways to subdue the rural population. This was Lansdale’s second tour of duty in Vietnam. He had become famous in the 1950s when he helped to establish the former French colony of Cochinchina as an independent state, eventually called the Republic of Vietnam. After France’s defeat at the battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954, the United States had plucked Ngo Dinh Diem, the country’s first leader (1954-63), out of a Belgian monastery and equipped Janice Cheong him with an army. Aided by lots of money from the CIA, Lansdale managed to create South Vietnam as a client state led by a corrupt but reliable group of Catholic countryside. For his part, Ellsberg was impressed that Atomic warfare was Kissinger’s other area of refugees from North Vietnam. Kissinger followed his advice. ‘McNamara never did expertise. In Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy—a Having already performed a similar miracle in any of these things,’ he said. ‘He always talked to district book admired by Nixon when it was published in the Philippines, Lansdale was a favourite of President advisers in the presence of the general in charge and 1957—Kissinger argued that America’s post-war military Kennedy. Unfortunately, after Lansdale’s return to the never seemed to realize how much he was being fooled.’ strategy was based on old-fashioned ideas about nukes. Department of Defense, where he worked under cover as Kissinger and Ellsberg were advisers to men of They were not just big bombs that flattened every a colonel in the US Air Force, Kennedy gave the former power, whom they hoped to succeed by themselves building within a mile of where they exploded. They advertising man an assignment that he described as his becoming powerful men. Kissinger accomplished this could also be shaped into handier little devices, known biggest failure. Lansdale was supposed to arrange the task. Ellsberg failed. His military service had been as tactical nuclear weapons, and used in a much wider assassination of Fidel Castro. The Cuban missile crisis honourable but undistinguished. His first marriage variety of military confrontations. Kissinger’s book got of 1962 was the Soviet Union’s response to Lansdale’s had collapsed. He had worked in the Pentagon for a him hired as a professor at Harvard (over the opposition larger assignment—to invade Cuba, for a makeover year before being edged out to Vietnam. Nonetheless, of colleagues who found his scholarship feeble and most of the failed Bay of Pigs invasion the previous year. By Ellsberg was a government employee at a higher rank of his ideas borrowed from other, unacknowledged, 1965, with Castro still alive and Cuba still communist, and with more security clearances than anything sources.) The book also launched Kissinger into the Lansdale got turfed back to Vietnam. Travelling with Kissinger, a private citizen, had yet to obtain. He was a world of military consultants—the same world that him was an odd assortment of assassins and bagmen, good storyteller and quick learner. He knew the lie of Ellsberg, seven years his junior, would occupy when he and one newcomer to his team, Dr Daniel Ellsberg, a the land and was, indeed, Kissinger’s best informant. too became a specialist in nuclear weapons. civilian adviser whose own career in the Pentagon had From that point on, as their lives intersected, Vietnam Kissinger was looking for a presidential candidate to hit a dead end. was the fulcrum on which Kissinger and Ellsberg advise and perhaps accompany into the White House. balanced their careers. He favoured Republicans but offered his services to llsberg and Kissinger had crossed paths at Harvard A Jewish refugee whose family fled Germany in 1938 Democrats and Republicans alike, and it was this equal- in the 1950s, when Kissinger was a young assistant when he was fifteen, Heinz Kissinger—renamed Henry opportunity approach to foreign policy that got him professor of history and Ellsberg was a graduate on his arrival in Manhattan—was working in a shaving his big break. In 1968, Nixon won a razor-thin victory Estudent in economics, specialising in game theory. If brush factory and studying accounting at City College over Hubert Humphrey, his Democratic opponent, by Ellsberg was working for a spy, Kissinger was actually when he was launched on his diplomatic career. Drafted violating the Logan Act, which forbids unauthorised a spy. For all the books written about him, few dwell in 1942, Private Kissinger marched across Europe with citizens from interfering in the foreign affairs of the on the act of treachery during the election of 1968 that the 84th Infantry Division, where this fluent German United States. Nixon had secretly promised the president got him his job as President Nixon’s national security speaker was soon administering captured towns and of South Vietnam that if he failed to sign a peace treaty adviser. Always willing to trade inside information working in military intelligence. After the war, the ending the war in 1968, he would get a better deal the for political power, Kissinger was an FBI snitch on his GI Bill sent Kissinger to Harvard, where this son of following year from the newly elected President Nixon. colleagues at Harvard, but he was so successful in his a former school teacher in Bavaria devoted himself Guiding Nixon’s hand—with leaks from the negotiations next act of betrayal that Nixon thought he owed his to studying history. As an undergraduate, graduate in Paris, while at the same time serving as an adviser to election as president to Kissinger’s dark hand. student and then—after three years of seasoning at Nixon’s opponent—was Kissinger.
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