DOCSLIB.ORG

Aplysiopsis Enteromorphae Class: Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Euthyneura, Tectipleura

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Aplysiopsis Enteromorphae Class: Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Euthyneura, Tectipleura Phylum: Mollusca Aplysiopsis enteromorphae Class: Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Euthyneura, Tectipleura Order: Sacoglossa Smith’s unwashed-looking sacoglossan Family: Plakobranchoidea, Hermaeidea Description 14 mm x 15 mm; eggs become paler as they Size: 5 to 25 mm long (Behrens 1980; Trow- develop (Goddard 1984; Gonor 1961). Eggs bridge 1993a); most are 10 mm (Goddard average 66 µ in diameter (fig. 3) and are ≤ 4 1985), some to 15 mm (Gonor 1961). Illus- mg (Trowbridge 1993a). Hydrophilic trated specimen (Coos Bay) 15 mm long. (Trowbridge 1993a). Color: Yellowish white, with greenish black Possible Misidentifications patches; animal can be almost black: much Sacoglossans differ from most Nudi- local variation (Gonor 1961). Head uniform branchia in their lack of a circlet of gills, and in color, dorsal cerata white or yellow tipped; by their rolled, rather than solid rhinophores. rhinophores uniform in color, not veined. They also lack oral tentacles, and have a uni- Body: Oblong, flat bottomed; no oral tenta- seriate radula (Thompson 1976). Sacoglos- cles or parapodial lobes, but with prominent sans are herbivorous. There are other saco- tail (fig. 1). No circlet of external gills: order glossans with dorsal cerata and rolled rhino- Sacoglossa. Secretion of mucus and viscous phores, in two families: Limapontiidae and white fluid when disturbed (Trowbridge Hermaeidae. 1993b). In the family Hermaeidae there are two Rhinophores: Prominent; rolled, not solid: species (McDonald 2007): order Sacoglossa (fig. 1). (Basal part rolled, Hermaea vancouverensis is a bay form distal part simple (Kozloff 1974)). Color uni- like Aplysiopsis, but very small (5 mm). It has form, without system of lines. a triangular brown patch anterior to the rhino- Foot: No parapodial lobes (which fold over phores, and a brown collar anterior to the body in some species); foot extends to form cerata. Its habitat is in the sea grass Zostera tail (Gonor 1961); narrowly triangular (Clark Hermaea oliviae (=Aplysiopsis oliviae, 1982). =Hermaeina oliviae), a rare and probably Cerata: Dorsal processes: spindle shaped, more southern species than A. enteromor- inflated, white tipped; 8 - 15 rows of 2 to 4 phae. It is up to 10 mm long, and has a Y- per row (Gonor 1961) (fig. 1); slightly flat- shaped dorsal mahogany line running back tened (Clark 1982). from the rhinophores. Gills: None: order Sacoglossa. The Limapontiidae are represented lo- Eyes: Black, small, but conspicuous; deep cally by at least four species (McDonald set, at bases of rhinophores (fig. 1). 2007): Genital Openings: Two, on right behind rhi- Placida dendritica (=Hermaea ornata) nophore (fig. 1). nd rd has long rhinophores and an elongate tail (like Anus: Slightly raised, near 2 and 3 cera- Aplysiopsis), but its cerata are long and not ta, with black spot and near renal opening lumpy, and its ground color is pale yellow with (Gonor 1961) (fig. 1). Anus on midline at a distinct veining of olive. It is quite small (to 8 “shoulders” not on a long tube. mm), and is often found in the green algae Eggs: Yellow to white, in "C" shaped string Bryopsis and Codium in the rocky intertidal. A publication of the University of Oregon Libraries and the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology Individual species: https://oimb.uoregon.edu/oregon-estuarine-invertebrates and full 3rd edition: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18839 Email corrections to: [email protected] Bork, E. and Kenton, K. 2017. Aplysiopsis enteromorphae. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biol- ogy, Charleston, OR. Olea hansineensia (formerly in Olei- thoe valida, Grandidierella japonica, alga En- dae) is greenish brown. It has only 10 or teromorpha, isopods, and prosobranch gas- fewer white tipped cerata; its rhinophores tropods (Trowbridge 2002). are short. Weight: 4-227 mg (wet weight) (Trowbridge Stiliger fuscovittatus differs from most 1993b). sacoglossans in having solid simple rhino- Abundance: Probably the most abundant phores; it is small (to 3 mm) and whitish, sacoglossan of this coast (Goddard 1985; with rust markings. It lives in the red alga Gonor 1961); seasonally common (Goddard Polysiphonia. 1984; Goddard 1985; Steinberg 1963); only Alderia modesta (which see) has re- sacoglossan species that fills the niche of eat- duced rhinophores and an anus on a long ing green filamentous algae (Trowbridge et al. posterior tube like a ceras. It lives in Salicor- 2011). nia marshes. Life-History Information Ecological Information Reproduction: Hermaphroditic; produces a Range: Ketchikan, Alaska to San Diego, single generation per year (Trowbridge 2002); California; also in Gulf of California (Behrens (illustrated) eggs found July (Coos Bay) with 1980; Trowbridge 1993b). recruitment in June (Trowbridge 1993b). Lays Local Distribution: Coos County: South eggs on Enteromorpha strands continuously Slough, in Metcalf Preserve, and South in lab; lays eggs on Mastocarpus papillatus in Cove, (Trowbridge 2002). high tidepools and on Enteromorpha in mud- Habitat: Sacoglossans are typically restrict- flats (Trowbridge 2002); larvae emerge as ed to certain algae species (Gonor 1961; free swimming veligers and have long plank- Thompson 1976). In bays, Aplysiopsis is tonic feeding phase (Gonor 1961). Embryonic commonly found on the green filamentous period 7 days at 15-17 °C.; larvae without algae Rhizoclonium and Enteromorpha. It eyespots at hatching; newly hatched veligers also likes quiet, shallow mud-bottomed bays have shell about 113 µ long (Goddard 1984). which have Zostera at low tide level and Sexually mature a few days after hatching bare mudflats above (San Juan Island). In (Trowbridge 1993b). Coos Bay it is found on bare mudflats near Larva: Enteromorpha beds. Also found seasonally Juvenile: on green algae Cladophora and Chaetomor- Longevity: pha in high to mid intertidal pools on open Growth Rate: 10 mg/week or 1.4 mg/day coast rocky shores, as well as in kelp hold- (Trowbridge 1993b). fasts (Goddard 1984; Goddard 1985; Keen Food: Prefers Rhizoclonium, Urospora, and Coan 1974). Not found in areas with Cladohphora columbiana, Cladophora tricho- high levels of wave action (Trowbridge toma, Chaetomorpha linum, Chaetomorpha 1993b). aerea (Trowbridge 1993a, 2002); prefers Salinity: Collected at 30. Chaetomorpha over Cladophora (Trowbridge Temperature: 10-15 °C. 1993a); rejects Enteromorpha (Gonor 1961). Tidal Level: On San Juan Island, found at Feeds by slitting each filament cell with a rad- 0.0 tide level; in Coos Bay at +5.0 ft. MLLW. ular tooth, then moving on to the next cell Intertidal to 10 m subtidally (Keen and Coan (Gonor 1961) (fig. 4). Suctorial feeding 1974). (Trowbridge 1993a). Starts at the distal tip Associates: In Coos Bay, amphipods Ampi- and moves toward the proximal end of each A publication of the University of Oregon Libraries and the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology Individual species: https://oimb.uoregon.edu/oregon-estuarine-invertebrates and full 3rd edition: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18839 Email corrections to: [email protected] filament (Trowbridge 1993a). Seattle & London. Predators: Rarely consumed by most pred- 8. MCDONALD, G.R. 2007 Sacoglossa and ators, but eaten by mudflat crabs and Dun- Nudibranchia, p. 797-798. In: Light and geness crabs in experiments (Trowbridge Smith manual: intertidal invertebrates from 1994). central California to Oregon. 4th ed. J.T. Behavior: Some sacoglossans emit un- Carlton (ed.). University of California pleasant repellants from cerata to repel Press, Berkeley. predators (Thompson 1976). When dis- 9. STEINBERG, J. E. 1963. Notes on the turbed, it reduced surface pH, became acid- opisthobranchs of the west coast of North ic, and waved and autotomized cerata America. The Veliger. 6:68-73. (Trowbridge 1994). Attracted to conspecifics; 10. THOMPSON, T. E. 1976. Biology of opis- found living near one another (Trowbridge thobranch molluscs. Ray Society, London. 1993b). 11. TROWBRIDGE, C.D. 1993a. Feeding ecology of the ascoglossan opisthobranch Bibliography Aplysiopsis enteromorphae (Cockerell & 1. BEHRENS, D. W. 1980. Pacific coast nu- Eliot): Patterns of distribution and impact dibranchs: a guide to the opisthobranchs on tidepool-dwelling algae. Journal of Ex- of the northeastern Pacific. Sea Chal- perimental Marine Biology and Ecology. lengers, Los Osos, Calif. 169:233-257. 2. CLARK, K.B. 1982. A new Aplysiopsis 12. TROWBRIDGE, C.D. 1993b. Population (Opisthobranchia: Hermaeidae) from structure of two common species of as- central Flordia, with a brief summary of coglossan (= sacoglossan) opisthobranchs the ceratiform families of the order as- on the central coast of Oregon, USA. The coglossa (= sacoglossa). Bulletin of Ma- Veliger. 36:99-106. rine Science. 32:213-219. 13. TROWBRIDGE, C.D. 1994. Defensive re- 3. GODDARD, J. H. R. 1984. The opistho- sponses and palatability of specialist her- branchs of Cape Arago, Oregon, with bivores: Predation on NE Pacific ascoglos- notes on their biology and a summary of san gastropods. Marine Ecology Progress benthic opisthobranchs known from Ore- Series. 105:61-70. gon. Veliger. 27:143-163. 14. TROWBRIDGE, C.D. 2002. Northeastern 4. ——. 1985. Personal communication. Or- Pacific sacoglossan opisthobranchs: Natu- egon Institute of Marine Biology, Charles- ral history review, bibliography, and pro- ton, Or. spectus. The Veliger. 45:1-24. 5. GONOR, J. J. 1961. Observations on the 15. TROWBRIDGE, C.D., Y.M. HIRANO, Y.J. biology of Hermaeina smithi, a sacoglos- HIRANO, K. NISHIDA, and K. SUDO. san opisthobranch from the west coast of 2011. North-west Pacific sacoglossan North America. The Veliger. 4:85-98. guild associated with filamentous green 6. KEEN, A. M., and E. COAN. 1974. Ma- algae (Family Cladophoraceae and Family rine molluscan genera of Western North Boodleaceae). Marine Biodiversity Rec- America: an illustrated key. Stanford Uni- ords. 4:1-15. versity Press, Stanford, California. Updated 2017 7. KOZLOFF, E. N. 1974. Keys to the ma- E. Bork and K. Kenton rine invertebrates of Puget Sound, the San Juan Archipelago, and adjacent re- gions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kleptoplast Photoacclimation State Modulates the Photobehaviour of the Solar-Powered Sea Slug Elysia Viridis
    © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb180463. doi:10.1242/jeb.180463 SHORT COMMUNICATION Kleptoplast photoacclimation state modulates the photobehaviour of the solar-powered sea slug Elysia viridis Paulo Cartaxana1, Luca Morelli1,2, Carla Quintaneiro1, Gonçalo Calado3, Ricardo Calado1 and Sónia Cruz1,* ABSTRACT light intensities, possibly as a strategy to prevent the premature loss Some sacoglossan sea slugs incorporate intracellular functional of kleptoplast photosynthetic function (Weaver and Clark, 1981; algal chloroplasts (kleptoplasty) for periods ranging from a few days Cruz et al., 2013). A distinguishable behaviour in response to light to several months. Whether this association modulates the has been recorded in Elysia timida: a change in the position of its photobehaviour of solar-powered sea slugs is unknown. In this lateral folds (parapodia) from a closed position to a spread, opened study, the long-term kleptoplast retention species Elysia viridis leaf-like posture under lower irradiance and the opposite behaviour showed avoidance of dark independently of light acclimation state. under high light levels (Rahat and Monselise, 1979; Jesus et al., In contrast, Placida dendritica, which shows non-functional retention 2010; Schmitt and Wägele, 2011). This behaviour in response to of kleptoplasts, showed no preference over dark, low or high light. light changes was only recorded for this species and has been assumed to be linked to long-term retention of kleptoplasts (Schmitt High light-acclimated (HLac) E. viridis showed a higher preference for and Wägele, 2011). high light than low light-acclimated (LLac) conspecifics. The position of the lateral folds (parapodia) was modulated by irradiance, with In this study, we determine whether the photobehaviour of increasing light levels leading to a closure of parapodia and protection the solar-powered sea slug Elysia viridis is linked to the of kleptoplasts from high light exposure.
    [Show full text]
  • Frontiers in Zoology Biomed Central
    Frontiers in Zoology BioMed Central Research Open Access Functional chloroplasts in metazoan cells - a unique evolutionary strategy in animal life Katharina Händeler*1, Yvonne P Grzymbowski1, Patrick J Krug2 and Heike Wägele1 Address: 1Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany and 2Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, California, 90032-8201, USA Email: Katharina Händeler* - [email protected]; Yvonne P Grzymbowski - [email protected]; Patrick J Krug - [email protected]; Heike Wägele - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 1 December 2009 Received: 26 June 2009 Accepted: 1 December 2009 Frontiers in Zoology 2009, 6:28 doi:10.1186/1742-9994-6-28 This article is available from: http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/6/1/28 © 2009 Händeler et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Among metazoans, retention of functional diet-derived chloroplasts (kleptoplasty) is known only from the sea slug taxon Sacoglossa (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia). Intracellular maintenance of plastids in the slug's digestive epithelium has long attracted interest given its implications for understanding the evolution of endosymbiosis. However, photosynthetic ability varies widely among sacoglossans; some species have no plastid retention while others survive for months solely on photosynthesis. We present a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Sacoglossa and a survey of kleptoplasty from representatives of all major clades. We sought to quantify variation in photosynthetic ability among lineages, identify phylogenetic origins of plastid retention, and assess whether kleptoplasty was a key character in the radiation of the Sacoglossa.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Biodiversity Collapse in the Eastern Mediterranean Supplementary Material: Details on Methods and Additional Results/Figures and Tables
    Native biodiversity collapse in the Eastern Mediterranean Supplementary material: details on methods and additional results/figures and tables Paolo G. Albano1, Jan Steger1, Marija Bošnjak1,2, Beata Dunne1, Zara Guifarro1, Elina Turapova1, Quan Hua3, Darrell S. Kaufman4, Gil Rilov5, Martin Zuschin1 1 Department of Paleontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria 2 Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, Zagreb, Croatia 3 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia 4 School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 USA 5 National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa 3108001, Israel 1 Additional information on the methodology 1.1 Study area and sampling sites Table S1. List of sampling stations on the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Latitude Longitude Station Locality Depth [m] Date Device Substrate Replicates [N] [E] Intertidal rocky substrate S8 Tel Aviv 32.08393 34.76573 Intertidal 27/04/2018 Scraping Breakwaters 3 S9 Netanya 32.32739 34.84591 Intertidal 29/04/2018 Scraping Breakwaters 4 S10 Ashqelon 31.68542 34.55967 Intertidal 30/04/2018 Scraping Breakwaters 4 S57 Ashqelon 31.68542 34.55967 Intertidal 31/10/2018 Scraping Breakwaters 3 S61 Netanya 32.32739 34.84591 Intertidal 02/11/2018 Scraping Breakwaters 3 Rocky S62 Nahariyya 33.01262 35.08973 Intertidal 06/11/2018 Scraping 3 platform S63 Tel Aviv 32.08393 34.76573 Intertidal 08/11/2018 Scraping Breakwaters 3 Subtidal
    [Show full text]
  • THE NAUTILUS (Quarterly)
    americanmalacologists, inc. PUBLISHERS OF DISTINCTIVE BOOKS ON MOLLUSKS THE NAUTILUS (Quarterly) MONOGRAPHS OF MARINE MOLLUSCA STANDARD CATALOG OF SHELLS INDEXES TO THE NAUTILUS {Geographical, vols 1-90; Scientific Names, vols 61-90) REGISTER OF AMERICAN MALACOLOGISTS JANUARY 30, 1984 THE NAUTILUS ISSN 0028-1344 Vol. 98 No. 1 A quarterly devoted to malacology and the interests of conchologists Founded 1889 by Henry A. Pilsbry. Continued by H. Burrington Baker. Editor-in-Chief: R. Tucker Abbott EDITORIAL COMMITTEE CONSULTING EDITORS Dr. William J. Clench Dr. Donald R. Moore Curator Emeritus Division of Marine Geology Museum of Comparative Zoology School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Cambridge, MA 02138 10 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149 Dr. William K. Emerson Department of Living Invertebrates Dr. Joseph Rosewater The American Museum of Natural History Division of Mollusks New York, NY 10024 U.S. National Museum Washington, D.C. 20560 Dr. M. G. Harasewych 363 Crescendo Way Dr. G. Alan Solem Silver Spring, MD 20901 Department of Invertebrates Field Museum of Natural History Dr. Aurele La Rocque Chicago, IL 60605 Department of Geology The Ohio State University Dr. David H. Stansbery Columbus, OH 43210 Museum of Zoology The Ohio State University Dr. James H. McLean Columbus, OH 43210 Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History 900 Exposition Boulevard Dr. Ruth D. Turner Los Angeles, CA 90007 Department of Mollusks Museum of Comparative Zoology Dr. Arthur S. Merrill Cambridge, MA 02138 c/o Department of Mollusks Museum of Comparative Zoology Dr. Gilbert L. Voss Cambridge, MA 02138 Division of Biology School of Marine and Atmospheric Science 10 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF The Nautilus (USPS 374-980) ISSN 0028-1344 Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Journal, 2020, 11 (4): 861–870
    Biodiversity Journal, 2020, 11 (4): 861–870 https://doi.org/10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2020.11.4.861.870 The biodiversity of the marine Heterobranchia fauna along the central-eastern coast of Sicily, Ionian Sea Andrea Lombardo* & Giuliana Marletta Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences - Section of Animal Biology, University of Catania, via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT The first updated list of the marine Heterobranchia for the central-eastern coast of Sicily (Italy) is here reported. This study was carried out, through a total of 271 scuba dives, from 2017 to the beginning of 2020 in four sites located along the Ionian coasts of Sicily: Catania, Aci Trezza, Santa Maria La Scala and Santa Tecla. Through a photographic data collection, 95 taxa, representing 17.27% of all Mediterranean marine Heterobranchia, were reported. The order with the highest number of found species was that of Nudibranchia. Among the study areas, Catania, Santa Maria La Scala and Santa Tecla had not a remarkable difference in the number of species, while Aci Trezza had the lowest number of species. Moreover, among the 95 taxa, four species considered rare and six non-indigenous species have been recorded. Since the presence of a high diversity of sea slugs in a relatively small area, the central-eastern coast of Sicily could be considered a zone of high biodiversity for the marine Heterobranchia fauna. KEY WORDS diversity; marine Heterobranchia; Mediterranean Sea; sea slugs; species list. Received 08.07.2020; accepted 08.10.2020; published online 20.11.2020 INTRODUCTION more researches were carried out (Cattaneo Vietti & Chemello, 1987).
    [Show full text]
  • THE NAUTILUS [Vol
    2 2 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 69 (1) separated from each other by five centimeters. The snail was expanded with its head oriented away from the clam. When placed on the sand, the clam showed no activity during the next 30 minutes after which observations were discontinued. All but the lower (anterior) end of the body of the clam was covered by an envelope of slime secreted by the foot of the snail. It seems clear that P. duplicatus capturesEnsis directus by approaching it below the surface of the substratum and by ir­ ritating the lower portion so that it retreats upward. The snail then coats the razor clam with an envelope of slime which ap­ pears to have anesthetic properties. Successful capture proba­ bly depends on the ability of the snail to maintain contact with its prey until anesthesia takes place. ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE NUDIBRANCH ALDERIA MODESTA (LOVÉN, 1844) ON THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIAN COAST By CADET HAND and JOAN STEINBERG Department of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley Alderia modesta (Loven, 1844) has long been known from the coasts of northern Europe. It has been recorded from as far north as the Trondheim Fjord in Norway (Norman, 1893), south to Skibbereen in Ireland (Allman, 1845) and on the French coast (Gollien, 1929). Therefore, it has been of con­ siderable interest to us to find well-established populations of an Alderia in two localities on the central Californian coast. Through the kindness of Monsieur G. Van Put of the Royal Institute of Natural Sciences of Belgium in Brussels and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • NEWSNEWS Vol.4Vol.4 No.04: 3123 January 2002 1 4
    4.05 February 2002 Dr.Dr. KikutaroKikutaro BabaBaba MemorialMemorial IssueIssue 19052001 NEWS NEWS nudibranch nudibranch Domo Arigato gozaimas (Thank you) visit www.diveoz.com.au nudibranch NEWSNEWS Vol.4Vol.4 No.04: 3123 January 2002 1 4 1. Protaeolidella japonicus Baba, 1949 Photo W. Rudman 2, 3. Babakina festiva (Roller 1972) described as 1 Babaina. Photos by Miller and A. Ono 4. Hypselodoris babai Gosliner & Behrens 2000 Photo R. Bolland. 5. Favorinus japonicus Baba, 1949 Photo W. Rudman 6. Falbellina babai Schmekel, 1973 Photo Franco de Lorenzo 7. Phyllodesium iriomotense Baba, 1991 Photo W. Rudman 8. Cyerce kikutarobabai Hamatani 1976 - Photo M. Miller 9. Eubranchus inabai Baba, 1964 Photo W. Rudman 10. Dendrodoris elongata Baba, 1936 Photo W. Rudman 2 11. Phyllidia babai Brunckhorst 1993 Photo Brunckhorst 5 3 nudibranch NEWS Vol.4 No.04: 32 January 2002 6 9 7 10 11 8 nudibranch NEWS Vol.4 No.04: 33 January 2002 The Writings of Dr Kikutaro Baba Abe, T.; Baba, K. 1952. Notes on the opisthobranch fauna of Toyama bay, western coast of middle Japan. Collecting & Breeding 14(9):260-266. [In Japanese, N] Baba, K. 1930. Studies on Japanese nudibranchs (1). Polyceridae. Venus 2(1):4-9. [In Japanese].[N] Baba, K. 1930a. Studies on Japanese nudibranchs (2). A. Polyceridae. B. Okadaia, n.g. (preliminary report). Venus 2(2):43-50, pl. 2. [In Japanese].[N] Baba, K. 1930b. Studies on Japanese nudibranchs (3). A. Phyllidiidae. B. Aeolididae. Venus 2(3):117-125, pl. 4.[N] Baba, K. 1931. A noteworthy gill-less holohepatic nudibranch Okadaia elegans Baba, with reference to its internal anatomy.
    [Show full text]
  • South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
    FOREWORD Abundant fish and wildlife, unbroken coastal vistas, miles of scenic rivers, swamps and mountains open to exploration, and well-tended forests and fields…these resources enhance the quality of life that makes South Carolina a place people want to call home. We know our state’s natural resources are a primary reason that individuals and businesses choose to locate here. They are drawn to the high quality natural resources that South Carolinians love and appreciate. The quality of our state’s natural resources is no accident. It is the result of hard work and sound stewardship on the part of many citizens and agencies. The 20th century brought many changes to South Carolina; some of these changes had devastating results to the land. However, people rose to the challenge of restoring our resources. Over the past several decades, deer, wood duck and wild turkey populations have been restored, striped bass populations have recovered, the bald eagle has returned and more than half a million acres of wildlife habitat has been conserved. We in South Carolina are particularly proud of our accomplishments as we prepare to celebrate, in 2006, the 100th anniversary of game and fish law enforcement and management by the state of South Carolina. Since its inception, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) has undergone several reorganizations and name changes; however, more has changed in this state than the department’s name. According to the US Census Bureau, the South Carolina’s population has almost doubled since 1950 and the majority of our citizens now live in urban areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Nudibranch Range Shifts Associated with the 2014 Warm Anomaly in the Northeast Pacific
    Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences Volume 115 | Issue 1 Article 2 4-26-2016 Nudibranch Range Shifts associated with the 2014 Warm Anomaly in the Northeast Pacific Jeffrey HR Goddard University of California, Santa Barbara, [email protected] Nancy Treneman University of Oregon William E. Pence Douglas E. Mason California High School Phillip M. Dobry See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.oxy.edu/scas Part of the Marine Biology Commons, Population Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Goddard, Jeffrey HR; Treneman, Nancy; Pence, William E.; Mason, Douglas E.; Dobry, Phillip M.; Green, Brenna; and Hoover, Craig (2016) "Nudibranch Range Shifts associated with the 2014 Warm Anomaly in the Northeast Pacific," Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences: Vol. 115: Iss. 1. Available at: https://scholar.oxy.edu/scas/vol115/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by OxyScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences by an authorized editor of OxyScholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nudibranch Range Shifts associated with the 2014 Warm Anomaly in the Northeast Pacific Cover Page Footnote We thank Will and Ziggy Goddard for their expert assistance in the field, Jackie Sones and Eric Sanford of the Bodega Marine Laboratory for sharing their observations and knowledge of the intertidal fauna of Bodega Head and Sonoma County, and David Anderson of the National Park Service and Richard Emlet of the University of Oregon for sharing their respective observations of Okenia rosacea in northern California and southern Oregon.
    [Show full text]
  • OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES an Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals
    OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES An Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals By Paul Rudy, Jr. Lynn Hay Rudy Oregon Institute of Marine Biology University of Oregon Charleston, Oregon 97420 Contract No. 79-111 Project Officer Jay F. Watson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 500 N.E. Multnomah Street Portland, Oregon 97232 Performed for National Coastal Ecosystems Team Office of Biological Services Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 Table of Contents Introduction CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Aequorea aequorea ................................................................ 6 Obelia longissima .................................................................. 8 Polyorchis penicillatus 10 Tubularia crocea ................................................................. 12 Anthozoa Anthopleura artemisia ................................. 14 Anthopleura elegantissima .................................................. 16 Haliplanella luciae .................................................................. 18 Nematostella vectensis ......................................................... 20 Metridium senile .................................................................... 22 NEMERTEA Amphiporus imparispinosus ................................................ 24 Carinoma mutabilis ................................................................ 26 Cerebratulus californiensis .................................................. 28 Lineus ruber .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of the Population Dynamics of Placida Dendritica and Codium Fragile in the Gulf of Maine and a Theoretical Discussion of Invasive Species
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Winter 2020 ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF PLACIDA DENDRITICA AND CODIUM FRAGILE IN THE GULF OF MAINE AND A THEORETICAL DISCUSSION OF INVASIVE SPECIES Seth Goodnight University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Goodnight, Seth, "ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF PLACIDA DENDRITICA AND CODIUM FRAGILE IN THE GULF OF MAINE AND A THEORETICAL DISCUSSION OF INVASIVE SPECIES" (2020). Doctoral Dissertations. 2546. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/2546 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF PLACIDA DENDRITICA AND CODIUM FRAGILE IN THE GULF OF MAINE AND A THEORETICAL DISCUSSION OF INVASIVE SPECIES BY SETH GOODNIGHT B.A.: Biology and Chemistry – University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 2006 M.S.: Zoology – University of New Hampshire, 2012 DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Biological Sciences: Marine Biology Option December 2020 ii This thesis/dissertation was examined and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biological Sciences: Marine Biology Option by: Dissertation Director: Larry G. Harris Ph.D. Professor Emeritus, Biological Sciences. University of New Hampshire Dissertation Committee: Jessica A.
    [Show full text]
  • Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
    SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIOXS. 227 AEEANGEMENT FAMILIES OF MOLLUSKS. PREPARED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BY THEODORE GILL, M. D., Ph.D. WASHINGTON: PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, FEBRUARY, 1871. ^^1 I ADVERTISEMENT. The following list has been prepared by Dr. Theodore Gill, at the request of the Smithsonian Institution, for the purpose of facilitating the arrangement and classification of the Mollusks and Shells of the National Museum ; and as frequent applica- tions for such a list have been received by the Institution, it has been thought advisable to publish it for more extended use. JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary S. I. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, January, 1871 ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION, FEBRUARY 28, 1870. (iii ) CONTENTS. VI PAGE Order 17. Monomyaria . 21 " 18. Rudista , 22 Sub-Branch Molluscoidea . 23 Class Tunicata , 23 Order 19. Saccobranchia . 23 " 20. Dactjlobranchia , 24 " 21. Taeniobranchia , 24 " 22. Larvalia , 24 Class Braehiopoda . 25 Order 23. Arthropomata , 25 " . 24. Lyopomata , 26 Class Polyzoa .... 27 Order 25. Phylactolsemata . 27 " 26. Gymnolseraata . 27 " 27. Rhabdopleurse 30 III. List op Authors referred to 31 IV. Index 45 OTRODUCTIO^. OBJECTS. The want of a complete and consistent list of the principal subdivisions of the mollusks having been experienced for some time, and such a list being at length imperatively needed for the arrangement of the collections of the Smithsonian Institution, the present arrangement has been compiled for that purpose. It must be considered simply as a provisional list, embracing the results of the most recent and approved researches into the systematic relations and anatomy of those animals, but from which innova- tions and peculiar views, affecting materially the classification, have been excluded.
    [Show full text]