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X055/11/01 Total Marks FOR OFFICIAL USE X055/11/01 Total Marks NATIONAL FRIDAY, 5 JUNE QUALIFICATIONS 9.00 AM – 11.00 AM MANAGING 2015 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES INTERMEDIATE 2 Fill in these boxes and read what is printed below. Full name of centre Town Forename(s) Surname Date of birth Day Month Year Scottish candidate number Number of seat 1. Attempt all questions in Section 1. In Section 2 there is a choice. 2. Read the whole of each question carefully before you answer it. 3. Write in the spaces provided. 4. Additional space for answers will be found at the end of the book. If further space is required, supplementary sheets may be obtained from the Invigilator and should be inserted inside the front cover of this book. 5. There is a separate Ordnance Survey Map Extract for use with Question 7. 6. Rough work, if any should be necessary, should be written in this book and then scored through when the fair copy has been written. 7. Before leaving the examination room you must give this book to the Invigilator. If you do not, you may lose all the marks for this paper. *X055/11/01* © PB DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN Marks SECTION 1 Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided. Use the map extract to answer Question 7. 1. (a) The diagram below shows some of the inputs and outputs of a whisky bottling plant. Whisky Water Caramel Bottled Glass bottles Whisky Labels CAR PARK Cardboard Key: Security fence Security check (i) Give two man-made resources required at the bottling plant. 1 2 1 (ii) Name the natural resource required at the bottling plant. 1 (iii) Name the natural resource from which labels and cardboard are made. 1 (iv) Sand is used in the manufacture of glass for the bottles. Sand is a renewable / non-renewable resource. Circle your choice and give a reason for your answer. Reason 1 (v) Suggest one reason for the security which is at the plant. 1 [X055/11/01] Page two DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN Marks 1. (continued) (b) If a machine breaks down in the bottling process, the company loses £10 000 per minute of the stoppage. Calculate the sum of money lost after a one hour stoppage. Space for calculation £ 1 (c) (i) Give one reason why the bottling plant was sited in Central Scotland and not in the Highlands where the whisky is made. 1 (ii) Whisky is made in a distillery. Explain why the air leaving a distillery is monitored. 1 (d) Caramel, burnt sugar from sugar cane plants, is used to colour the whisky. Complete the word equation of photosynthesis below which plants use to make sugar. + → sugar + 1 [Turn over [X055/11/01] Page three DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN Marks 2. The graph below shows the renewable sources used to generate electricity in England and Scotland. England 0% 100% Scotland 0% 100% Key: Wind and wave Landfill Solar Biofuel Hydro (a) (i) Name the main renewable energy source used to generate electricity in England. 1 (ii) Give one reason why England generates electricity from solar power and Scotland does not. 1 (iii) Give two reasons why Scotland generates electricity from hydro power and England does not. 1 1 2 1 [X055/11/01] Page four DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN 2. (continued) Marks (b) The Scottish Government aims to meet 100% of electricity demand from renewables by 2020. To meet this target Scotland’s first marine energy park was launched in July 2012. The map below shows the location of the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters Marine Energy Park Sites between the Pentland Firth and Orkney Islands in the Orkney Waters marine park will be Marine Energy Park used to locate tidal devices to generate electricity. Sites on the western side of the marine N Marine current turbines energy park on the sea bed will designated to generate electricity Scotland generate electricity taking advantage of the from wave power. fast tidal stream. 0 50 miles Wave devices as shown above can 0 80 kms generate electricity (i) Give two advantages of using marine current turbines on the sea bed. 1 2 2 (ii) Give one disadvantage of using marine current turbines. 1 (iii) Suggest one problem marine energy companies face after the electricity is generated in the marine energy park. 1 [X055/11/01] Page five [Turn over DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN Marks 2. (continued) (c) The table below shows the percentage of electricity produced from different fuels by one Power Company. Name of fuel Coal Gas Nuclear Renewable Other % of electricity produced 28% 6% 61% 4% 1% (i) Name the natural resource used to fuel a nuclear power station. 1 (ii) Give two reasons why environmentalists may be concerned about using a nuclear energy source. 1 1 2 1 (iii) Give one advantage of using a nuclear energy source. 1 (iv) Name one European country that uses nuclear fuel as its main energy source. 1 (d) Name a major energy source used in an Economically Less Developed Country (ELDC) and give one of its major uses. Energy source 1 Major use 1 (e) Suggest two ways you personally could reduce energy use in the home. 1 2 1 [X055/11/01] Page six [Turn over for Question 3 on Page eight DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE [X055/11/01] Page seven DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN Marks 3. The diagram below shows part of a river food web. Heron Kingfisher Trout Dragonfly Caddisfly Stonefly Worm Mayfly River Limpet Dead Leaves Algae (a) Use the information from the food web to answer the following questions. (i) How many species are the prey of the trout? 1 (ii) Name two organisms which are in competition with the caddisfly and give a reason for your answer. 1 2 Reason 1 [X055/11/01] Page eight DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN Marks 3. (a) (continued) (iii) Choose the most efficient food chain between the algae and the kingfisher and draw a pyramid of numbers to show their relationship. 2 (iv) The North American Signal crayfish, a voracious predator of small invertebrate river animals, is a non-native species which has invaded Scottish rivers. Predict, with a reason, what could happen to the population of heron, if crayfish numbers increased. Underline one of the options. Numbers of heron would increase / stay the same / decrease Reason 1 (v) Suggest one reason why the North American Signal crayfish are so successful in Scottish rivers. 1 (b) Describe one method to collect samples of invertebrates in a river. 2 [X055/11/01] Page nine [Turn over DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN Marks 3. (continued) (c) (i) Give two ways in which energy is lost from a food chain. 1 2 1 (ii) What do the arrows indicate in a food web? 1 (d) The table below gives information on some river invertebrates. Diagram Name of Water Water Stonefly Snail Mayfly invertebrate louse mite (i) Use the information from the table to complete the biological key below. Invertebrate without a shell 1 Invertebrate with a shell Snail Invertebrate with more than 10 legs 2 Invertebrate with less than 10 legs Go to 3 Invertebrate body as long as it is wide Water mite 3 Go to 4 Invertebrate with 3 pronged tail 4 3 Stonefly [X055/11/01] Page ten DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN Marks 3. (d) (continued) (ii) Describe one similarity and one difference between the Freshwater Shrimp, below, and a named organism in the key. Organism and Freshwater Shrimp. Similarity 1 Difference 1 [Turn over [X055/11/01] Page eleven DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN Marks 4. Read the passage below and answer the questions which follow. Birds, Parasites and Economics Adult Red grouse are medium to large-sized “gamebirds” feeding on shoots, buds and seeds of small shrubs and herbs, found on the heather moorlands of Scotland. A healthy Red grouse population generates an estimated £23·3 million per annum for the Scottish rural economy. Grouse shooting supports over 1000 full-time equivalent jobs. Red grouse populations in Scotland show “cyclic fluctuations” with the major downturns being caused by a parasitic worm. This worm causes damage and internal bleeding after burrowing into the intestine of the Red grouse. These parasites can cause a mortality rate of 78% in the Red grouse population. Crashes in grouse numbers following parasite infestations can reduce income substantially on many upland estates. Over the last 15 years, medicated grit has been used to reduce the number of worms in Red grouse. The active drug in medicated grit is fenbendazole, which kills the eggs and larvae of worms as well as the worms themselves. It reduces the number of worms in Red grouse by about 40%, and improves grouse breeding success by increasing chick survival. (a) (i) Name the type of feeding behaviour found in adult Red grouse. 1 (ii) Give the habitat of the Red grouse. 1 (b) What is the relationship between the size of the Red grouse population and the rural economy? 1 (c) (i) What is meant by the term “parasite”? 1 (ii) A Red grouse population of 5600 was infected with parasites causing a mortality of 78%. Calculate the number of birds remaining in this population. Space for calculation 1 [X055/11/01] Page twelve DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN Marks 4. (continued) (d) Explain why the use of fenbendazole can improve Red grouse breeding success. 1 (e) Explain how the use of pesticides can reduce biodiversity.
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