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Feminismo/S 26 ISSN 1696-8166 26 9 7 7 1 6 9 6 8 1 6 0 0 8 FEMINISMO/S 26 Feminismos en las sociedades árabes Eva Lapiedra Gutiérrez (Coord.) Eva Lapiedra Gutiérrez (Coord.) Lapiedra Gutiérrez Eva Feminismos en las sociedades árabes. Feminismos © Hamideddine Bouali. 2011. Túnez. EMINISMO/S F Vicerectorat d’Investigació, Desenvolupament i Innovació Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación EMINISMO/S 26 F FEMINISMO/S Revista del Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Estudios de Género de la Universidad de Alicante Número 26, diciembre de 2015 Feminismos en las sociedades árabes Eva Lapiedra Gutiérrez (Coord.) FEMINISMO/S Revista del Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Estudios de Género de la Universidad de Alicante Revista Semestral Editada por el Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Estudios de Género de la Universidad de Alicante con la colaboración del Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Número 26, diciembre de 2015 Directora: Helena ESTABLIER PÉREZ (Universidad de Alicante) Secretaria: Maribel PEÑALVER VICEA (Universidad de Alicante) CONSEJO DE REDACCIÓN Mónica MORENO SECO (Universidad de Alicante) Nieves MONTESINOS SÁNCHEZ (Universidad de Alicante) Mar ESQUEMBRE VALDÉS (Universidad de Alicante) Mª Teresa RUIZ CANTERO (Universidad de Alicante) Carmen MAÑAS VIEJO (Universidad de Alicante) Purificación HERAS GONZÁLEZ (Universidad Miguel Hernández) Esther SÁNCHEZ PARDO (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) Mª Dolores RAMOS (Universidad de Málaga) CONSEJO ASESOR Nieves BARANDA LETURIO (UNED) Karine BERGÈS (Université de Cergy-Pontoise) Mabel BURÍN (Universidad de Buenos Aires) Silvia CAPORALE BIZZINI (Universidad de Alicante) Angels CARABÍ (Universidad de Barcelona) Pilar CUDER DOMÍNGUEZ (Universidad de Huelva) Joaquín DE JUAN (Universidad de Alicante) Mª José FRAU (Universidad de Alicante) Eddy GIL DE MEJÍA (Fachhochschule Oldenburg) Mª Victoria GORDILLO (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) Albert GRAS (Universidad de Alicante) Marina MAYORAL (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) Montserrat PALAU (Universitat Rovira i Virgil) Mª Dolores REVENTÓS (Universidad de Murcia) Carmen RIERA (Universidad de Barcelona) Ana SÁNCHEZ TORRES (Universidad de Valencia) Begoña SAN MIGUEL DEL HOYO (Universidad de Alicante) Marta SEGARRA (Universidad de Barcelona) Cristina SEGURA (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) Julia SEVILLA (Universidad de Valencia) Mª Carmen SIMÓN (CSIC) Ruth TEUBÁL (Universidad de Buenos Aires) Meri TORRAS (Universidad de Barcelona) REDACCIÓN Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Estudios de Género de la Universidad de Alicante Campus de Sant Vicent del Raspeig Apdo. 99 E-03080 Alicante Tel. 965 90 94 15 - Fax 965 90 96 58 e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] - web: http://ieg.ua.es SUSCRIPCIÓN Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Estudios de Género de la Universidad de Alicante Campus de Sant Vicent del Raspeig Apdo. 99 E-03080 Alicante Tel. 965 90 94 15 - Fax 965 90 96 58 e-mail: [email protected] - web: http://ieg.ua.es Precio de cada ejemplar: 12€ Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alicante Campus de San Vicente s/n 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig [email protected] http://publicaciones.ua.es Teléfono: 965 903 480 Edita: Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Estudios de Género de la Universidad de Alicante con la colaboración del Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Cuenta con una Ayuda para la Publicación de Revistas Científicas del Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación ISSN: 1696-8166 DOI: 10.14198/fem.2015.26 Depósito legal: A-910-2003 Diseño de cubierta: candela ink Fotografía de cubierta: Hamiddedine Bouali. Túnez Maquetación: Marten Kwinkelenberg Feminismo/s no se identifica necesariamente con los contenidos de los artículos firmados. Prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de los artículos sin la autorización previa. Feminismo/s se encuentra incluida en las bases de datos del CSIC (base de datos de revistas CCHS y sumarios ISOC), en Latindex, DICE, IN-Recs, MLA y ERIH PLUS (European Reference Index for the Humanities). ÍNDICE Eva Lapiedra Gutiérrez Introducción ................................................................................................... 9 Nieves Paradela El feminismo árabe y su lucha por los derechos de la mujer ....................... 17 Arab feminism and the struggle for women’s rights INTERPRETACIONES Katjia Torres La hermenéutica feminista islámica aplicada a la reinterpretación de El Corán ........................................................................................................ 33 The islamic feminist hermeneutics applied to the reinterpretation of The Quran Encarnación Ruiz Callejón Qasim Amin y John Stuart Mill: las razones de la esclavitud femenina ....... 57 Quasim Amin and John Stuart Mill: the reasons for female slavery Hany El Erian El Bassal Los Hermanos Musulmanes y la mujer. Notas críticas ................................ 83 Muslim Brotherhood and women: critical notes Olga Torres El manifiesto de la brigada al-Jansa sobre el papel de la mujer en el nuevo califato islámico: un desafío al feminismo y la igualdad de género en el mundo árabe .......................................................................... 101 The manifesto of the Al-Khanssaa Brigade on the role of women in the new Islamic Caliphate: a challenge to feminism and gender equality in the Arab world APLICACIONES SOCIALES Laurence Thieux La evolución de la lucha por la igualdad y los derechos de las mujeres en el norte de África a partir de 2011 ......................................................... 125 The evolution of the fight for equality and the rights of women in North Africa from 2011 Lilia Labidi State, institutional and symbolic violence against women: the struggle since the «Arab spring» and the contribution of Arab women cartoonists .. 145 Mariví Pérez Mateo Murchidat: renacimiento islámico femenino como control estatal del discurso religioso en Marruecos ................................................................. 175 Murchidat: the revival of Female Islamism as a form of State control over the religious discourse in Morocco M.ª Teresa González Santos Los movimientos feministas y femeninos en Marruecos y su transposición a la diáspora marroquí en Francia ....................................... 197 Feminist and women’s movements in Morocco and their transposition to the Moroccan diaspora in France Magaly Thill Mujeres, nacionalismos e islamismo en Palestina. Elementos para una lectura feminista de los conflictos en Oriente Próximo ...................... 221 Women, nationalism and Islam in Palestine. Elements for a feminist reading of the conflicts in the Middle East RESEÑA Silvia Almenara Niebla Recensión de: Buskens, Ineke y Webb, Anne (eds.) Women and ICT in Africa and the Middle East. Changing selves, changing societies, Londres: Zed Books, 2014 ......................................................................................... 253 *** Reseña bio-bibliográfica ............................................................................. 259 Instrucciones para las/los autoras/es y normas editoriales de la revista ..... 265 INTRODUCCIÓN «La cuestión femenina está en el centro de todos los interrogantes que el mundo árabe formula sobre sí mismo y sobre su relación con la identidad y con lo universal», Sophie Bessis, Los árabes, las mujeres, la libertad, 50. Este número 26 de la revista Feminismo/s está dedicado a las corrientes, ideo- logías, asociaciones y movimientos que, ya sea dentro de las sociedades árabes o fuera de ellas, luchan por mejorar la situación de las mujeres y tienen como fin último conseguir la igualdad jurídica, social, laboral y política entre muje- res y hombres en dichas sociedades, que se definen como musulmanas. Esa lucha, ese esfuerzo en pro de la igualdad de género se lleva a cabo desde muy distintos ámbitos y desde presupuestos ideológicos dispares, partiendo de la base de que las sociedades árabes abarcan 22 países y son sociedades con multitud de matices y complejidades. No podemos dejar a un lado tampoco las comunidades árabes que viven fuera, especialmente en Europa o Estados Unidos, donde los movimientos feministas tienen un desarrollo distinto y afrontan retos diferentes al estar en sociedades no musulmanas. El número está dividido en dos partes. En la primera los artículos se centran en el análisis de distintos textos – básicos como El Corán y los hadices; jurídico-religiosos como las fetuas; ensayos o manifiestos polí- tico-religiosos–, para analizar qué papel le dan a la mujer y cómo la carac- terizan. En la segunda se analizan, desde un punto de vista más socioló- gico, movimientos feministas en el mundo árabe y sus distintos escenarios primera de lucha y reivindicaciones, sobre todo desde la llamada primavera árabe del año 2011. Precediendo a los dos apartados y a modo de introducción histórica al tema, se encuentra el artículo de Nieves Paradela, «El feminismo árabe y su lucha por los derechos de la mujer», que hace un interesante y clarificador Feminismo/s 26, diciembre 2015, pp. 9-15 DOI: 10.14198/fem.2015.26.01 10 Eva Lapiedra Gutiérrez recorrido por las distintas etapas del feminismo árabe desde su aparición en el siglo XIX hasta nuestros días. Una de las primeras cuestiones que se plantea al abordar el tema del feminismo en este ámbito, es la pertinencia del uso del propio término feminismo. Desde el punto de vista árabe e islámico existen reticencias a la utilización del término, nisaíyya en árabe, porque se identifica
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