Eocene-Recent Suborder 3 Ruminantia Eocene-Recent I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Order Artiodaetyla Suborder 1 Palaeodonta (ancient teeth) Suborder 2 Suina (Suriformes) Eocene-Recent Suborder 3 Ruminantia Eocene-Recent I p9ojlh Common Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) dgdh&l~tXXhUlla79 %il 21U ‘- ZO411(S) ' 323 pJt 10-136 n$h sus scrofa Jdi lo-137 The wart-hog, Phacochoerus. (From photographs.) 324 add 10-138 Hippopotamus, Hippopofamus. (From photographs.) 20411(S) 325 , Jdd lo-141 Llama, Loma. (From photographs.) 326 ZO41!(S) ZO411(5) 327 Family Cervidae %&319 zo 41 l(S) 329 dd?l lo-147 li%Ei& Cervus rchomburgki 330 zo 41 l(S) 1 pJi4 lo-148 naidi ~Cervus unicolor) Family Giraffidae \ 332 *. zo 41 l(S) ZO411(S) 333 334 ZO411(S) Jd’$ lo-149 Giraffe (Giraffa). (From phorograpb , ddVI lo-151 Pronghorn (Antilocapra up.) Family Bovidae j¶k 10-l& WdlLldl (Bubalus bubalis) 336 zo 41 l(S) 20411(S) 337 338 20411(s) $4 lo-156 Musk-ox i. adi IO-158 Central Asian Yak, &IS (From photographs.) 340 zo 41 l(S) , J¶lwd lo-160 &l841 (Capricornis sumatrensis) 342 zo 411(S) I& lo-161 ll?lJtil (Nemorhaedus griseus) 20411(S) 343 344 ZO411(3 $4 lo-162 fJ&W, UlXllfJ (Nyeticebus cougang) $4 lo-163 Bush-bab,,v ~a,a~o. (From photouapb.) 345 ZO411(S) jdwd lo-164 Ring-tail lemur, Lemur. (From life.) Aye-Aye, Daubentonia. (From a photograph.) 346 20 411(S) JP~; 10-186 Spectral tarsier, Tarsius. (From life.) Suborder 2 Anthropoidea Oligocene-Recent Family Callitrichidae Recent &iaoKhS !&fl 89 marmoset ~dhN8lltl~lUfl~~~flfl Ml9fJ1~MUl i claw dlllU?lt~U~Utt~n premolar 3 molar 2 yolksac 2-3 $a 01w13vb-i erabY wasCaiaa8n “1 w~luob.iTni%d zo 41 I(S) 347 qlk lo-167 Common marmoset, Callithrrw. (From life.) Family 2 Cebidae Miocene-Recent d 4 10-168 Honler monkey 348 20411(s) zo 41 I(S) 349 Idi lo-170 hJR1 (Presbytis melanophos) 350 ZO411(5) ddn lo-171 filWdtlfi (Prosbytis erislaraj z04116) 351 352 zo41 I(S) 20 41 l(S) 353 jdi lo-174 tJlRU (Macaca arctoides) d $l 10-175 f.3~i%h~ (Macaca assa~nei~si~) 354 ZO411(S) 20411(S) 355 pl;: 10-177 tmon (Macaca mulatta) Superfamily 3 Hominoidea kLk0Cif’ 2 family Family I Pongidae LL;J,Cl?l 2 subfamily J& 10-180 0rang-man, Fsngo. (From life.) 358 zo 41 I(S) 0 ddVl lo-181 Chimpanzee, Pun. (From life.) adw” lo-182 Gorilla, God/a. (From life.) zo 41 l(S) 359 360 zo41l(s) :.,wnderthc! r ->-Magnon a& 10-183 The man-ape of Africa and early men of Eurasia Prepared by Lois M. Darling. z04116) 361 Brain of apes and man The posture and gait of man 362 20 41 l(S) Human Culture (?WUbSSUlJOSFlU) Braze Age began FlhJU$Ufll~~Y%3Ht Iron AgeLTlfElJ&U%4 Steel Age PU?!9 Atomic Age ZO411(S) 363 mammals - 91n fossil W’Jn ostracoderm ~%.%Iln3~~n~fl~lUL&4 placoderm dYln~5~n-3 - genetic rate - morphological rate - taxonomic rate - rates of change of information flow 364 365 366.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

An Exemplary Case Study Gérard Dubost
Convergence characteristics between a rodent, the South American lowland paca, and a ruminant, the African water chevrotain: An exemplary case study Gérard Dubost To cite this version: Gérard Dubost. Convergence characteristics between a rodent, the South American lowland paca, and a ruminant, the African water chevrotain: An exemplary case study. Comptes Rendus Biologies, Elsevier Masson, 2017, 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.02.001. hal-01485153 HAL Id: hal-01485153 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01485153 Submitted on 8 Mar 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License G Model CRASS3-3495; No. of Pages 10 C. R. Biologies xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Comptes Rendus Biologies ww w.sciencedirect.com Ecology/E´ cologie Convergence characteristics between a rodent, the South American lowland paca, and a ruminant, the African water chevrotain: An exemplary case study Caracte`res convergents entre un rongeur, le
[Show full text]
Sequence Variation of Necdin Gene in Bovidae Sunday O
Peters et al. Journal of Animal Science and Technology (2018) 60:32 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40781-018-0191-7 RESEARCH Open Access Sequence variation of necdin gene in Bovidae Sunday O. Peters1*†, Marcos De Donato2*†, Tanveer Hussain3, Hectorina Rodulfo2, Masroor E. Babar3 and Ikhide G. Imumorin4,5 Abstract Background: Necdin (NDN), a member of the melanoma antigen family showing imprinted pattern of expression, has been implicated as causing Prader-Willi symptoms, and known to participate in cellular growth, cellular migration and differentiation. The region where NDN is located has been associated to QTLs affecting reproduction and early growth in cattle, but location and functional analysis of the molecular mechanisms have not been established. Methods: Herewereportthesequencevariationoftheentirecodingsequencefrom72samplesofcattle, yak, buffalo, goat and sheep, and discuss its variation in Bovidae. Median-joining network analysis was used to analyze the variation found in the species. Synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates were determined for the analysis of all the polymorphic sites. Phylogenetic analysis were carried out among the species of Bovidae to reconstruct their relationships. Results: From the phylogenetic analysis with the consensus sequences of the studied Bovidae species, we found that only 11 of the 26 nucleotide changes that differentiate them produced amino acid changes. All the SNPs found in the cattle breeds were novel and showed similar percentages of nucleotides with non-synonymous substitutions at the N- terminal, MHD and C-terminal (12.3, 12.8 and 12.5%, respectively), and were much higher than the percentage of synonymous substitutions (2.5, 2.6 and 4.9%, respectively). Three mutations in cattle and one in sheep, detected in heterozygous individuals were predicted to be deleterious.
[Show full text]
MALE GENITAL ORGANS and ACCESSORY GLANDS of the LESSER MOUSE DEER, TRAGULUS Fa VAN/CUS
MALE GENITAL ORGANS AND ACCESSORY GLANDS OF THE LESSER MOUSE DEER, TRAGULUS fA VAN/CUS M. K. VIDYADARAN, R. S. K. SHARMA, S. SUMITA, I. ZULKIFLI, AND A. RAZEEM-MAZLAN Faculty of Biomedical and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia (MKV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia (RSKS, SS, /Z), Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/80/1/199/844673 by guest on 01 October 2021 Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Zoo Melaka, 75450 Melaka, Malaysia (ARM) Gross anatomical features of the male genital organs and accessory genital glands of the lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) are described. The long fibroelastic penis lacks a prominent glans and is coiled at its free end to form two and one-half turns. Near the tight coils of the penis, on the right ventrolateral aspect, lies a V-shaped ventral process. The scrotum is prominent, unpigmented, and devoid of hair and is attached close to the body, high in the perineal region. The ovoid, obliquely oriented testes carry a large cauda and caput epididymis. Accessory genital glands consist of paired, lobulated, club-shaped vesic ular glands, and a pair of ovoid bulbourethral glands. A well-defined prostate gland was not observed on the surface of the pelvic urethra. Many features of the male genital organs of T. javanicus are pleisomorphic, being retained from suiod ancestors of the Artiodactyla. Key words: Tragulus javanicus, male genital organs, accessory genital glands, reproduc tion, anatomy, Malaysia The lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javan gulidae, and Bovidae (Webb and Taylor, icus), although a ruminant, possesses cer 1980).
[Show full text]
The Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a Review Based on Morphology and Cladistic Analysis
Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKZOJZoological Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4082The Lin- nean Society of London, 2005? 2005 143? 126 Original Article J.-R. BOISSERIEHIPPOPOTAMIDAE PHYLOGENY AND TAXONOMY Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 143, 1–26. With 11 figures The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis JEAN-RENAUD BOISSERIE1,2* 1Laboratoire de Géobiologie, Biochronologie et Paléontologie Humaine, UMR CNRS 6046, Université de Poitiers, 40 avenue du Recteur, Pineau 86022 Cedex, France 2Laboratory for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Integrative Biology, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California at Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Science Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA Received August 2003; accepted for publication June 2004 The phylogeny and taxonomy of the whole family Hippopotamidae is in need of reconsideration, the present confu- sion obstructing palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography studies of these Neogene mammals. The revision of the Hip- popotamidae initiated here deals with the last 8 Myr of African and Asian species. The ﬁrst thorough cladistic analysis of the family is presented here. The outcome of this analysis, including 37 morphological characters coded for 15 extant and fossil taxa, as well as non-coded features of mandibular morphology, was used to reconstruct broad outlines of hippo phylogeny. Distinct lineages within the paraphyletic genus Hexaprotodon are recognized and char- acterized. In order to harmonize taxonomy and phylogeny, two new genera are created. The genus name Choeropsis is re-validated for the extant Liberian hippo. The nomen Hexaprotodon is restricted to the fossil lineage mostly known in Asia, but also including at least one African species.
[Show full text]
Genetic Signatures of Lipid Metabolism Evolution in Cetacea
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/250597; this version posted February 12, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Genetic Signatures of Lipid Metabolism Evolution in Cetacea Yos hinori Endo, 1 Ken-ichiro Kamei,2* Miho Inoue-Murayama1,3* 1Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanaka-Sekiden-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8203, Japan 2Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan 3Wildlife Genome Collaborative Research Group, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan *Authors for Correspondence: Ken-ichiro Kamei, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, +81-75-753-9774, +81-75-753-9761, [email protected] Miho Inoue-Murayama, Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, +81-75-771-4375, +81-75-771-4394, [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/250597; this version posted February 12, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract In mammalian evolutionary history, Cetacea (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) achieved astonishing success by adapting to an aquatic environment. One unique characteristic of cetaceans, contributing to this adaptive success, is efficient lipid utilization. Here we report comparative genetic analysis of aquatic and terrestrial Cetartiodactyla using 144 genes associated with lipid metabolism.
[Show full text]
AN AMERICAN FOSSIL GIRAFFE Giraffa Nebrascensis, Sp. Nov
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, University of Nebraska State Museum 1925 AN AMERICAN FOSSIL GIRAFFE irG affa nebrascensis, sp. nov. W. D. Matthew E. H. Barbour Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museumbulletin Part of the Entomology Commons, Geology Commons, Geomorphology Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Paleobiology Commons, Paleontology Commons, and the Sedimentology Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. BULLETIN 4 VOLUME 1 APRIL 1925 THE NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM ERWIN H. BARBOUR, Director AN AMERICAN FOSSIL GIRAFFE Giraffa nebrascensis, sp. nov. By W. D. MATTHEW E. H. BARBOUR A fragment of the lower jaw of a large fossil mammal with two well-worn teeth was dug up in June 1918, at a depth of 20 feet, while digging a cess pool at Bradshaw, York County, Nebraska. This unique specimen, accessioned 7-7-18, was brought to the Nebraska State Museum by A. Archie Dorsey, and was donated by C. B. Palmet, both of Bradshaw. It undoubtedly occurred in loess, which is thickly as well. as extensively de veloped in this region. It is a ruminant jaw, the teeth preserved being P4 and m 1 • The characteristic pattern of the premolar excludes refer ence to the Bovidae, and leaves the choice between the Gi raffidae, Pa~aeomerycidae, and certain large Cervidae.
[Show full text]
Digestive Strategies in Ruminants and Nonruminants S.E. Van Wieren
DIGESTIVE STRATEGIES IN RUMINANTS AND NONRUMINANTS S.E. VANWIERE N 0000 0714 3726 Promotoren: Dr. ir. S. Tamminga, buitengewoon hoogleraar op het vakgebied van de veevoeding in het bijzonder de voeding van herkauwers Dr. H.H.T. Prins, hoogleraar in het natuurbeheer in de tropen en oecologie van vertebraten WMoPûi , ZI 9 S.E. van Wieren DIGESTIVE STRATEGIES IN RUMINANTS AND NONRUMINANTS Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van de rector magnificus van de Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen, dr. C.M. Karssen, in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 3 december 1996 des namiddags te vier uur in de Aula. aiqo?<? T CIP-DATA KONINKLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK, DEN HAAG Van Wieren, S.E. Digestive strategies in ruminants and nonruminants / S.E. van Wieren. - Thesis Landbouw Universiteit Wageningen. - With réf. - With summary in Dutch. ISBN 90-5485-611-4 Subject headings: digestion / ruminants /nonruminants / feeding ecology cr.-::i n; . •Y.:r Cover and illustrations: Esther van Nie & Marjolein Wiersma STELLINGEN I De veelvuldig aangehangen gedachte dat paarden, wat betreft de dagelijkse opname van metaboliseerbare energie uit laagwaardig voedsel, superieur zijn aan runderen, wordt niet door alle onderzoek ondersteund en blijkt ook niet altijd uit praktijkervaringen. P. Duncan et al. (1990). Oecologia 84:411-418. R. Meydam. Evaluatie begrazing Meyendel. 1996. II Wilde zwijnen die op een dieet van uitsluitend mast leven, krijgen onherroepelijk eiwitgebrek. III Het concept van duurzame ontwikkeling leidt in de praktijk niet zozeer tot beperkingen aan de groei, maar meer tot de groei van de beperkingen. B. Willers. (1994). Conservation Biology (8):1146-1148 . IV De typisch nederlandse gedachte dat de mens verrijkend heeft gewerkt op de natuur, is een gevaarlijke misvatting.
[Show full text]
GFT Marchapril2021 Web.Pdf
MARCH/APRIL 2021 2021 NEW MEXICO WATER DIALOGUE IMAGINE AN EQUITABLE AND SUSTAINABLE RECOVERY LOOKING TO THE PAST TO INFORM THE FUTURE ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION IN NORTHERN NEW MEXICO LIFE IN TAOS: TALE OF A FAMOUS WOODCARVER DISRUPTING THE HOME BUILDING INDUSTRY BUILDING A REGENERATIVE FOOD ECONOMY VOLUME 13 NUMBER 2 GREENFIRETIMES.COM PUBLISHER GREEN EARTH PUBLISHING, LLC EDITOR-IN-CHIEF SETH ROFFMAN / [email protected] PLEASE SUPPORT GREEN FIRE TIMES ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT / EXECUTIVE CONSULTANT Green Fire Times provides a platform for regional, community-based THÉRÈSE WILLIAMS voices—useful information for residents, businesspeople, students DESIGN WITCREATIVE and visitors—anyone interested in the history and spirit of New COPY EDITOR STEPHEN KLINGER Mexico and the Southwest. One of the unique aspects of GFT is that it offers multicultural perspectives and a link between the CONTRIBUTING WRITERS LESLIE ALLISON, ESTEFANI BARRERA, MARGARET green movement and traditional cultures. CAMPOS, MICHAEL DAX, ROBERT ESPOSITO, PAULA GARCÍA, JAN-WILLEM JANSENS, JAKE KARLINS, JACK LOEFFLER, ALEJANDRO LÓPEZ, MACEO CARRILLO MARTINET, Storytelling is at the heart of community health. GFT shares TONER MITCHELL, LUCY MOORE, KATHERINE MORTIMER, GARY NABHAN, DOMENICA stories of hope and is an archive for community action. In each NIETO, VALERIE RANGEL, SETH ROFFMAN, MICAH ROSEBERRY, ARTURO SANDOVAL, issue, a small, dedicated staff and a multitude of contributors offer JUAN ANDRES VARGAS, CHILI YAZZIE articles documenting projects supporting sustainability—commu- CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS AUDUBON NEW MEXICO, CHRISTI BODE, nity, culture, environment and regional economy. ROBERT ESPOSITO, ANDREW GULLIFORD, JAN-WILLEM JANSENS, ALEJANDRO LÓPEZ, Green Fire Times is now operated by an LLC owned by a nonprofit RICHARD PICK, VALERIE RANGEL, SETH ROFFMAN, MICAH ROSEBERRY, educational organization (Est.
[Show full text]
Assessing Confidence in Root Placement on Phylogenies
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.31.230144; this version posted August 2, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Assessing Confidence in Root Placement on Phylogenies: 2 An Empirical Study Using Non-Reversible Models 3 SUHA NASER-KHDOUR*1, BUI QUANG MINH1,2, AND ROBERT LANFEAR1 4 1 DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, RESEARCH SCHOOL OF BIOLOGY, 5 AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, CANBERRA, AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY, 6 AUSTRALIA 7 2 RESEARCH SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, 8 CANBERRA, AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY, AUSTRALIA 9 *Author for Correspondence: E-mail: [email protected] 10 ABSTRACT 11 Using time-reversible Markov models is a very common practice in phylogenetic 12 analysis, because although we expect many of their assumptions to be violated by empirical 13 data, they provide high computational efficiency. However, these models lack the ability to 14 infer the root placement of the estimated phylogeny. In order to compensate for the inability of 15 these models to root the tree, many researchers use external information such as using outgroup 16 taxa or additional assumptions such as molecular-clocks. In this study, we investigate the utility 17 of non-reversible models to root empirical phylogenies and introduce a new bootstrap measure, 18 the rootstrap, which provides information on the statistical support for any given root position. 19 Availability and implementation: A python script for calculating rootstrap support values is 20 available at https://github.com/suhanaser/Rootstrap.
[Show full text]
Early Miocene Hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla) Constrain the Phylogenetic and Spatiotemporal Settings of Hippopotamid Origin
Early Miocene hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla) constrain the phylogenetic and spatiotemporal settings of hippopotamid origin Maeva Orliaca,1, Jean-Renaud Boisserieb,c, Laura MacLatchyd, and Fabrice Lihoreaua aInstitut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5554, Université Montpellier 2, 34000 Montpellier, France; bCentre Français des Etudes Ethiopiennes/French Centre for Ethiopian Studies, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité de Service et de Recherche 3137, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; cInstitut International de Paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine: Evolution et Paléoenvironnements, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6046, Université de Poitiers, F-86022 Poitiers, France; and dDepartment of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Edited* by David Pilbeam, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved May 5, 2010 (received for review February 3, 2010) The affinities of the Hippopotamidae are at the core of the phy- ctyl clades (Cetancodonta, Ruminantia, Suoidea, and Tylopoda) logeny of Cetartiodactyla (even-toed mammals: cetaceans, ru- remained unresolved in recent combined analyses of extinct and minants, camels, suoids, and hippos). Molecular phylogenies extant data (ref. 9, figure 2; refs. 15 and 16). However, these and support Cetacea as sister group of the Hippopotamidae, implying other recent large-scale analyses aiming at clarifying cetartio- a long ghost lineage between the earliest cetaceans (∼53 Ma) and dactyl basal relationships (10, 11, 17–20) included none or only the earliest hippopotamids (∼16 Ma). Morphological studies have a limited subset of fossil “suiforms” classically and more con- proposed two different sister taxa for hippopotamids: suoids (no- troversially interpreted as hippopotamid stem groups and, in all tably palaeochoerids) or anthracotheriids. Evaluating these phylo- cases, no fossil hippopotamids.
[Show full text]
Science Journals
RESEARCH | RUMINANT GENOMES ◥ RATIONALE: We seek to resolve the controver- RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY sies in the ruminant phylogeny and reveal the genetic basis underpinning the evolutionary innovations in ruminants. Here, we report the RUMINANT GENOMICS newly sequenced genomes of 44 ruminant spe- cies, covering about half the genera and all six extant Ruminantia families. We included seven Large-scale ruminant genome published ruminant genomes (five bovids and two cervids) to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree sequencing provides insights into by using improved time calibrations. We also reconstructed the Pleistocene demographic his- their evolution and distinct traits tories of these ruminant species using whole- ◥ genome heterozygosity in- ON OUR WEBSITE Lei Chen*, Qiang Qiu*, Yu Jiang*, Kun Wang*, Zeshan Lin*, Zhipeng Li*, Faysal Bibi, formation. Together with Yongzhi Yang, Jinhuan Wang, Wenhui Nie, Weiting Su, Guichun Liu, Qiye Li, Read the full article transcriptomic data of 516 Weiwei Fu, Xiangyu Pan, Chang Liu, Jie Yang, Chenzhou Zhang, Yuan Yin, Yu Wang, at http://dx.doi. samples from 68 tissues Yue Zhao, Chen Zhang, Zhongkai Wang, Yanli Qin, Wei Liu, Bao Wang, Yandong Ren, org/10.1126/ of four species, we con- science.aav6202 ducted comparative ge- Ru Zhang, Yan Zeng, Rute R. da Fonseca, Bin Wei, Ran Li, Wenting Wan, .................................................. Ruoping Zhao, Wenbo Zhu, Yutao Wang, Shengchang Duan, Yun Gao, Yong E. Zhang, nomic analyses to reveal Chunyan Chen, Christina Hvilsom, Clinton W. Epps, Leona G. Chemnick, Yang Dong, candidate genes and regulatory elements that Downloaded from Siavash Mirarab, Hans Redlef Siegismund, Oliver A. Ryder, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, might have contributed to the evolution of the Harris A.
[Show full text]
Whales and Even-Toed Ungulates (Cetartiodactyla)
Whales and even-toed ungulates (Cetartiodactyla) John Gatesy 7 e systematic database for Cetartiodactyla is large. Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, Nuclear genome sequences are completed or in progress USA ([email protected]) for members of four cetartiodactyl families. Mitochon- drial (mt) genomes have been sequenced from 18 fam- ilies (11, 13, 15), insertions of transposons have been Abstract scored from most families (7, 16, 17), and cladistic ana- Whales and even-toed ungulates are grouped into ~24 lysis of paleontological data sets is at an advanced stage families within the mammalian Order Cetartiodactyla. (18–25). Perhaps most importantly, several large matrices Recent phylogenetic analyses of molecular and morpho- of fossil and molecular data have been compiled (26–29). logical data robustly support most interfamilial relation- Studies based on these combined data sets permit direct ships, including a nested position of whales within the synthesis of DNA sequence data with temporal informa- order. However, resolution among basal clades of toothed tion from the fossil and geological record. whales and groupings within Ruminantia remain elusive. Given the wealth of systematic evidence, there are The fossil record of Cetartiodactyla is rich and has inspired some areas of strong congruence between analyses of many molecular clock studies. The cetartiodactyl timetree morphological and molecular data sets. Suina, a grouping suggests that the earliest divergences among living species of Suidae (pigs) and Tayassuidae (peccaries), is robustly may have occurred in the Cretaceous (146–66 million years supported by both DNA sequences and phenotypic char- ago, Ma) and that the majority of splits among families were acters (3, 14, 16, 20, 23–25, 27, 28, 30–33 ).
[Show full text]