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Ecological Studies on the Life History of the Neptune Whelk Neptune Arthritica

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Ecological Studies on the Life History of the Neptune Whelk Neptune Arthritica Title Ecological Studies on the Life History of the Neptune Whelk Neptune arthritica Author(s) FUJINAGA, Katsuaki Citation MEMOIRS OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF FISHERIES SCIENCES, HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 50(1), 1-61 Issue Date 2003-05 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/22017 Type bulletin (article) File Information 50(1)_P1-61.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Mem. Grad. Sch. Fish. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Ecological Studies on the Life History of the Neptune Whelk Neptune arthritica Katsuaki FUJINAGA 1),2) Contents Page Introduction .. ............ .................. ......... ......... ...... ......... ........... ....... ........... ......... ....... ......... ........ ....... ......... ....... I I. The study area ....................................................................................................................................... 3 II. Life cycle ............................................................................................................................................. 3 I. Reproductive biology ........................................................................................................................ 3 (I) Investigated items and methods ...................................................................................................... 3 (2) Results .................................................................................................................................... 6 I) Reproductive cycle ............................................................................................................... 6 i) Developmental stages in gonads .... · .. · ........ · ........ · ........ · ........ · ........ · .. · .. · ........ · ........ · .. · .. · ....... 6 ii) Accumulation of sperm in seminal vesicle ........................................................................... 8 iii) Seasonal maturation .... · .................................................................................................... 9 iv) Gonad somatic index ...................................................................................................... 9 v) Reproductive cycle ................................................................................................. · .... ···10 vi) Sizes at the sexual maturity .... · .. · .. · .. · ........ · .. · .. · ........ · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · ........ · ........ · .. · .. · ........ · .... ···10 2) Copulation, spawning, embryonic development, hatching of juveniles, hatching rate, and predation rates on embryos ..................................................................................................... ·11 i) Copulation, spawning and embryonic development .............................................................. ·11 a) Copulation and spawning ......................................................................................... ·11 b) Embryonic development ............................................................................................. 12 ii) Hatching of juveniles and hatching rate .............................................................................. 13 a) Hatching of juveniles ............................................................................................... ·13 b) Hatching rate· ...... · ........ · ........ · ........ · ........ · ........ · ........ · ........ · .. · .. · ........ · .............. · ...... · 15 c) Causes of mortality ........................................................................................... · ...... ·16 iii) Predation rates on embryos .... · .......................................................................................... ·17 a) Sizes and abundance of substratum, and number of egg masses among spawning sites ............ 17 b) Differences in predation rates among spawning sites ......................................................... 18 (3) Discussion .............................................................................................. · .. · ........ · ........ · .. · .. · ...... ·18 2. Growth .................................................................................................................. ····· .. ············· .. ··21 (I) Investigated area and methods .... · ........ · .. · .... ·· .. · .... ·· ........ · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · ........ · .............. · ........ · .... ·· ...... · 21 (2) Results .................................................................................................................. ··········· .. ········22 I) Growth ................................................................................................. · .... ·· ........ · ........ · .. ··22 i) Growth in shell height, shell diameter and soft body .............................................................. ·22 ii) Growth rates in shell height, shell diameter and soft body ...................................................... 23 2) Growth equation ................................................................................................... ·· .. · .. · .. · .. ··24 i) Relationship between shell height and shell diameter .............................................................. ·24 ii) Growth equation ........................................................................................... · .. · ........ · .. ··24 (3) Discussion ................................................................................................................... ···· .. ········26 3. Food consumption····· .. ······· .. ····························· .......................................................... ············· .. ········28 (I) Investigated stations and methods ........................................................................................ · .. · .. · .... 28 (2) Results ................................................................................................................ ······· .. ··············29 I) Food organisms····················································································································· 29 2) Food consumption rates ........................................................................................... · .. · ........ ··30 (3) Discussion ...................................................................................................................... ···· .. ·····30 4. General discussion in the chapter II ...................................................................................................... 31 1) Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University (~t#lJ~*~*~~*gHW'jt-lUf~f4~**tt~!Io/J~~g) 2) Present address: Faculty of Social Welfare, Dohto University, Monbetsu Campus, 7-1 Ochiishi-cho, Monbetsu, Hokkaido 094- 8582, Japan -1- Mem. Grad. Sch. Fish. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. 50(1), 2003. III. Population dynamics······················································································································ ···········32 1. Distribution and migration pattern········································································································· 33 (I) Investigated area and methods········································································································· 33 (2) Results························································································································ ···············33 I) Egg mass deposition and feeding activity ...................................................... ······························33 2) Migration ............................................................................................................ ···············34 3) Distribution and migration pattern···· .................................................................................. ·······35 (3) Discussion ............................................................................................................ ·····················36 2. Population structure and mortality········································································································· 37 ( I) Investigated area and methods········································································································· 37 (2) Results······················································································································· ················38 I) Seasonal changes in density, and mortality rates ...................................................... ·····················38 2) Population structure ............................................................................................................ ···39 (3) Discussion ............................................................................................................ ·····················39 IV. Biological production ............................................................................................................................. ·40 I. Methods ............................................................................................................ ······························40 2. Results······················································································································· ..................... ·42 (I) Assimilation in age-classes ........................................................................................................... ·42 I) Respiration R·······················································································································
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