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Gender Sensitivity to Public School Enrolment in Ondo State, Nigeria Using Systematic Sampling

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Gender Sensitivity to Public School Enrolment in Ondo State, Nigeria Using Systematic Sampling DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v22i1.8 GLOBAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES VOL. 22, 2016: 61-71 COPYRIGHT© BACHUDO SCIENCE CO. LTD PRINTED IN NIGERIA ISSN 1118-0579 61 www.globaljournalseries.com, Email: [email protected] GENDER SENSITIVITY TO PUBLIC SCHOOL ENROLMENT IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA USING SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING ADEDAYO AMOS ADEWARA AND ADEBOLA ANTHONIA ADENIYI (Received 15 December 2015; Revision Accepted 3 March 2016) ABSTRACT This study employed the total number of public schools in Ondo, Nigeria which gives information on the name of the school, males and females in each school from JSS1 to SS3 in the eighteen local government areas. Systematic sampling was used to select forty eight schools from the two hundred and eighty eight public schools in the state during the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 academic sections. Applying the instrument of Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, the study revealed that (i).females are more sensitive to public school enrolment during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 academic sessions than their males counterparts, (ii).there is significant difference between the female enrolments during the two academic sessions, (iii).there is significant difference between the male enrolments during the two academic sessions and (iv). the trend of male female enrolments in the selected public schools shows improvement during 2013/2014 over that of 2012/2013 academic session. KEYWORD: Gender, Sensitivity, Systematic Sampling, School, Enrolment INTRODUCTION University of Technology, Akure, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba/Akoko, Ondo State polytechnic, The foundation of any state is in the number of Owo, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure and people who are literate in that particular state. This Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo. brings about the counting of young pupils who are There are 1,164 primary schools, 300 Junior enrolled in Ondo State public secondary schools from Secondary Schools and 297 Senior Secondary each local government areas and how the government Schools in the State. The total enrolment in primary has improved on the trainings being given to the school was 459,521 in 2008/2009 academic session; teachers and infrastructure been given to schools in this gives an average of 395 Pupils per primary school. Ondo State so as to encourage the young pupils to The total enrolment was 136,203 for Junior Secondary attend public secondary schools than private secondary Schools and 117,201 Senior Secondary Schools which schools. gives an average of 454 and 395 per school respectively Ondo State is one of the six states that make up (Ministry of Economic Budget and Planning, Ondo State, the South West geographical zone of Nigeria. It has 2010) (Adeniyi, 2014) . interstate boundaries with Ekiti and Kogi States to the north, Edo State to the east, Delta State to the 2.0. METHODOLOGY SouthEast, Osun State to the SouthWest and Ogun Education is one of the most powerful State to the SouthWest The Gulf of Guinea lies to its instruments in shaping the human race. Education is the south and its capital is Akure. Dubbed as the Sunshine only answer to all our socio – economic problems (Tilak, State, Ondo, which was created on February 3, 1976, it 1987: Rena, 1995; 2007). Education is the basis of originally included what is now Ekiti State, which was development. But unfortunately education in Nigeria is split off in 1996. The State has a population of 3,441,024 bisected with myriads of problems. These includes; poor persons (2006 census) distributed across eighteen local funding and thus poor educational infrastructures, government areas which are Akoko North East, Akoko inadequate classrooms, teaching aids (projectors, North West, Akoko South East, Akoko South West, Computers, Laboratories and libraries), paucity of quality Akure North, Akure South, Ese-Odo, Idanre, Ifedore, teachers and poor/polluted learning environment. In Ilaje, Ile-Oluji/Okeigbo, Irele, Odigbo, Okitipupa, Ondo addition to these inadequacies, our school system is East, Ondo West, Ose, Owo local government areas. plagued with numerous social vices such as The majority of the state’s citizens live in urban centers. examination malpractices, cultism, hooliganism and Within a land area of 15,195.2 square kilometers and corruption. lies at latitude 70101 north and longitude 50051 east and Secondary education is divided into three years a population density of 218 people per square kilometer. of junior secondary and three years of Senior Secondary It accounts for 2.5% of Nigeria’s total population. School. The education that is offered at this level has The State plays hosts to 880 public primary two purposes. The one purpose is to prepare pupils to schools and 288 mixed public secondary schools and a exit school with the necessary skills to find employment, number of tertiary institutions including the Federal and the other is to prepare them to continue with Adedayo Amos Adewara, Department of Statistics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. Adebola Anthonia Adeniyi, Department of Statistics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. 62 ADEDAYO AMOS ADEWARA AND ADEBOLA ANTHONIA ADENIYI academic careers in higher education (Moja, 2000). than 1,000 students while in other places there are Usman (2008), Taiwo (1983), Oni (1995) and Akpan schools with more than 1,000 students. In Ondo State, (2007) all affirmed that secondary school education has Nigeria, schools having population of students of below been further fragmented – the junior level is now merged 1,000 are regarded as small schools while schools with the primary education and this is supported by the having population of 1,000 and above are regarded as Federal Government. The three years of senior big schools (Ondo State Nigeria Ministry of Education, secondary school level is left untouched (Oruonye, 2010). Class-size is an educational tool that can be 2014). The importance of secondary education in used to describe the average number of students per educational system cannot be overemphasized. Apart class in a given institution. Much variation has been from serving as the link between primary and tertiary discovered in class-size in many countries of the world. education. It provides opportunity for a child to acquire This variation was identified by (Watson and Prieto, additional knowledge, skills, and traits beyond the 2000) who compared the class-size in England and primary level (Ige, 2013) Spain and found out that “class-sizes in Spain are The influx of students to public secondary significantly higher than England especially in the 17-18 schools in Ondo State, Nigeria (Adeyemi, 2008) has age range.” According to them, the mean class-sizes in been a matter of concern to stake holders in education Spain for the age range 11-16 was about 34 while in (Ondo State Nigeria Ministry of Education, 2010). England, it was about 26. They found that for the age Common observation in the school system shows that 17-18 “the mean class-size in England reduced to 13 input into the system were being provided by whereas in Spain, the mean class-size, remained almost government at increasing numbers. Although, the output the same as for earlier years.” seems to be increasing, the quality of output however was perhaps at a fluctuating trend. Research questions: According to (Afolabi, 2008) who emphasized that the free secondary education in Ondo State has led (i). Are males more sensitive to public school to the rapid expansion of the Secondary School System. enrolment during 2012/2013 academic session It is no gainsaying that such rapid expansion of the than females?. school system will bring about high demand for more (ii). Are males more sensitive to public school school buildings, more qualified and competent teachers enrolment during 2013/2014 academic session and clerical staff and instructional facilities for than females?. effective teaching and learning in the schools. (iii). Is there any significant difference between the There is an imperative need to change the male enrolments during the two academic education pattern drastically and make it more sessions?. purposeful. The purpose of education is to prepare the (iv). Is there any significant difference between the future citizens for carrying out their onerous tasks and female enrolments during the two academic responsibilities, to correlate scientific spirit and human sessions?. aspirations and make the future citizens an essential instrument in ushering in happier and better times. The Research design: purpose of education should be to broaden the outlook The study was designed to study the gender sensitivity and promote cultural levels of the students while in the selected forty eight public schools from the two enabling them to transgress the artificial barriers of hundred and eighty eight schools in the state using ethnicity and religion. systematic sampling with the following hypotheses with The Nigerian educational system has witnessed pearson product moment correlation coefficient as an a progressive change since independence in 1960. The instrument of comparison because of its known Universal Basic Education (UBE) which was inaugurated reliability. in October, 1999 by the Federal Government of Nigeria has led to a considerable expansion of the school Hypotheses: system. The free secondary education embarks upon by (i). Ho: Males are more sensitive to public school some states in the country including Ondo State has led enrolment during 2012/2013 academic session to influx of students into secondary schools. Thus, the than females. enrolment of students rose from 157,652 in 1999 to (ii). Ho: Males are more sensitive to public school 210,520 in 2006 and to 244,712 in 2012 (Ondo State enrolment during 2013/2014 academic session Nigeria Ministry of Education, 2013). Considering the than females. explosion in students’ enrolment in the schools, many (iii). Ho: There is no significant difference between variables tend to influence how a school system the male enrolments during the two academic performs at a particular time.
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