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T U D I E S R I T A I N NO. 110 WINTER 2014

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Special Anniversary Issue EDITOR’S ASIB 110 Winter 2014 LETTER

‘Neurolysis’ and Wilka Hudson

ext year is the 60th anniversary of BAAS. To mark the address as Chair of the Association is reprinted from occasion, this special issue of ASIB pays homage to page 4. (Sue reviewed many of the recent activities Nsome of the beautiful architecture of next year’s and achievements across the community at the 59th conference host city, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The BAAS conference in Birmingham organised by Sara image above is a wide-angle shot of the Newcastle Wood.) This issue of ASIB also includes a piece by Quayside. The cover shows the Sage Gateshead and Hannah Murray (p. 11) on the transatlantic legacy of Tyne Bridge at dusk. More details about the the civil rights activist and author Frederick Douglass. conference, including the website and Twitter handle Finally, postgraduate students in the community are supplied by Northumbria University, can be found on encouraged to get in touch with the BAAS PG the next page. A preliminary programme is expected representative, Rachael Alexander (p. 12). in March on baas.ac.uk. I hope you enjoy this issue of ASIB. As ever, this issue of ASIB is brimming with report writing by the Association’s travel/research Warm regards, award recipients. There is certainly enough to ignite

any Americanist’s wanderlust, with articles (starting p. – Kal Araf. 13) on research visits to Colorado, New Haven and Albuquerque, to name just a few. Sue Currell’s annual 2 I N S I D E ASIB N O. 1 1 0

The 60th Annual BAAS Conference takes place at Northumbria University, Thursday April 9th to Sunday April 12th 2015. The plenary speakers are:

• Gary Younge. Author, broadcaster and award-winning columnist for The Guardian and The Nation. • Dana Nelson. Gertrude Conaway Vanderbilt Professor of English, Vanderbilt University. • Sarah Churchwell. Professor of American Literature and Public Understanding of the Humanities, University of East Anglia

The call for papers is now closed. A preliminary draft of the conference programme will be available in March at baas.ac.uk.

You can follow the conference on Twitter @BAASconf2015 (#BAAS2015). For more information see the conference website.

W I N T E R 2 0 1 4

The Chair’s Annual Articles From BAAS Award Recipients ON THE COVER Celebrating the architecture of Newcastle Report Colorado, New Haven, as the 60th BAAS annual conference 5 13 Albuquerque...Just some of the locations Sue Currell outlines the heads to Northumbria University. An community’s visited by BAAS travel and research evening view of the Sage Gateshead and achievements in the award winners. Tyne Bridge. With full attribution and thanks past year. to George Gastin. Image used under the Publishing Your Book? Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Hosted at the BAAS Paperbacks Series Editors Martin 21 Wikimedia Commons (http:// Frederick Douglass & Halliwell and Emily West invite your commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ His Transatlantic proposals. File:Sageandbridge.jpg). Date of access: 11 06.11.14. For attribution of all further Legacy imagery contained herein, see CREDITS & Hannah Murray on the Articles From Eccles Centre CONTACTS (p. 51). great writer, orator and 22 Postgraduate Fellows activist Frederick Eccles Fellows on recent work. CONTRIBUTE Douglass. To contribute an article or feature to ASIB, Saying Hello contact the Editor, Kal Ashraf. Editorial guidelines and contact details appear in Profiling new members of the BAAS Can You Host The CREDITS & CONTACTS (p. 51). BAAS Annual 30 community. 12 Postgraduate Articles From Eccles Centre Fellows DISCLAIMER Conference? ASIB is an official publication of the British Research inspired by the British Library’s An invitation to host one 33 Association for American Studies, but the of the most important world famous Eccles Centre. opinions expressed in its pages are those events in BAAS’s annual of the contributors alone and do not calendar. necessarily reflect the policies or beliefs of the Association as a whole. MAGAZINE OF THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR AMERICAN STUDIES 3 ASIB

S U P P O R T I N G 110 CONGRESS TO CAMPUS UK Winter 2014 AT THE ECCLES CENTRE

BAAS has consistently provided support for the Eccles students the conference on US politics – it was brilliant Centre’s Congress to Campus UK programme, the latest and I would like to express a big thank you to both the episode of which took place in November 2014. This fantastic group of academics and the two very informative support goes directly towards two conferences hosted at the former House Representatives…’. British Library, aimed specifically at students undertaking A level US Politics, and is explicitly acknowledged at The recent US mid-term elections formed the back-drop those events. The full Congress to Campus week also for the week, and audiences of about 100 interested includes the BAAS-supported American Politics Group/ members of the public, MPs, peers and diplomats attended BAAS colloquium, convened by Dr Clodagh Harrington one evening panel session that was hosted in a House of and hosted at the US Embassy. There are a further five Commons Meeting Room, and another hosted in Leicester events and a number of smaller meetings during the very by De Montfort University. A full day conference was also busy week, and while BAAS does not directly support these hosted by De Montfort, attended by more than 200 A-level the programme team take every opportunity throughout the and undergraduate students. The speaking team was also week to recognise BAAS as a co-sponsor of the activities. hosted for events at Leicester University and at the ancestral home of the George Washington family, Sulgrave This year the conferences on 10th and 11th November in Manor. Admiral Stephen Oswald also generously offered London attracted a total audience approaching 500, his time, and Eccles Centre colleagues found an including dozens of schools primarily from the south and enthusiastic audience for the input of a three-time space east, but from as far from London as Bradford. Five shuttle pilot and commander. When not at his fiancé’s side, distinguished UK lecturers each day were joined by the Admiral Oswald undertook a parallel programme of Honorable Mary Bono and the Honorable Brian Baird, school visits and a full day speaking with student parties and on November 10th by NASA astronaut Admiral at the National Space Centre in Leicester. Stephen Oswald (Mary Bono’s fiancé) who took part in informal discussions with the students. One teacher – Phil Davie emailed: ‘Yesterday I attended with my small group of Director, Eccle Centre

The November Congress to Campus UK programme is led by the Eccles Centre for American Studies at the British Library in co- operation with the US Association of Former Members of Congress, and supported by the US Embassy, London. Elements of the programme are supported by De Montfort University Leicester, the Europe-Atlantic Group, Leicester University, Sulgrave Manor, the American Politics Group, and the British Association for American Studies. 4 ASIB 110 Winter 2014 THE CHAIR’S ANNUAL REPORT Sue Currell spoke at the BAAS Annual General Meeting of April 2014 at the University of Birmingham Kal Ashraf

would like to begin by thanking the conference team here at to be in Birmingham–the place that supported this the University of Birmingham for a wonderful welcome and important work in cultural studies. I for generously hosting this year’s conference. In particular, many thanks to this year’s organiser–Sara Wood–who has BAAS and this conference have also received generous worked tirelessly for BAAS. support for its activities from the US Embassy in London throughout the year. So thank you also to the Embassy for As the home of British Cultural Studies, I first heard about the support they’ve given and for inviting me to so many of Birmingham while studying for my MA in American their cultural activities. There are too many to list here but I Studies at the University of Maryland. I was surprised to do want to note my pleasure at being invited to the find that Americanists in the US paid particularly close reception for new Ambassador Matthew Barzun, who took attention to the school of work developed here and came to up his position last Autumn following his work as realise then that Birmingham had registered a big impact on businessman and democratic fundraiser for President the development of a particular style of American Studies Obama. It’s relevant for us that Ambassador Barzun is a that influenced my own research work. It is the place which history and literature graduate of Harvard and also the provided an intellectual home to Stuart Hall, who passed grandson of Jacques Barzun, the celebrated American away this February. Stuart worked on theories of Black intellectual historian. So, it’s with pleasure that I welcome diasporic identities, media, politics and race; theories that Tom Leary, the US Embassy’s Minister Counselor for still resonate with the intellectual pursuits of many here Public Affairs, and Sue Wedlake, the Senior Cultural today. It was also home to Richard Hoggart who I have Specialist at the Embassy, among us at the conference this learned passed away this morning. It is a great honour for us year. Tom will be presenting the Ambassador’s awards tomorrow night at the banquet. 5 ASIB 110 Winter 2014

Thanks also must go to Professor Phil Davies of the British RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS Library’s Eccles Centre for American Studies: for • Andrew Warnes (Leeds) was awarded a Donald C. invitations to their programme of events throughout the Gallup Fellowship in American Literature to work on year, and for funding an array of awards to American “Forgotten Blueprints: Richard Wright’s Unpublished Studies scholars (which will also be presented tomorrow Writings on Popular Culture”. night).

• Professor Bridget Bennett of Leeds (and Vice-Chair of ACHIEVEMENTS BAAS) was awarded c£32 k for an AHRC project entitled “Home, Crisis and the Imagination”. She is PI This year there have been several distinctions and senior and her colleague Hamilton Carroll is CI. promotions that I’d like to announce:

• Professor Alan Rice of UCLAN successfully bid for a • Iwan Morgan, Professor of US Studies at UCL, was Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship for Career awarded the Commonwealth Fund Chair in US History. Development Grant of around €300 000. This will The last holder of the Chair was Maldwyn Jones (it has enable Dr. Raphael Hoermann to work on his project not been awarded in the approximately 25 years since). “Haitian Revolution, Postcolonial and Transatlantic Studies”. Raphael will be at UCLAN for the 2 years of • Ian Davidson was promoted to Professor of English the fellowship and add to the existing strengths in Black Literature at Northumbria University. Atlantic studies.

• Also at Northumbria, Randall Stephens, Reader in • Professor Martin Halliwell has become the first holder of American History Studies, was chosen as an the newly-established ‘John Maynard Keynes Fellowship Organisation of American Historians’ Distinguished in US Studies’ at University College London’s Institute Lecturer, the only British-based scholar to be chosen in of the Americas. Professor Halliwell, of the University of that cohort. Leicester’s School of English and the Centre for American Studies, will undertake a new research project • Paul Quigley, formerly lecturer in American History at entitled Voices of Health and Illness: Medicine, Psychiatry, and Edinburgh, became the first James I. Robertson, Jr. American Culture,1970–2000 during his tenure as John Professor in Civil War Studies in the Department of Maynard Keynes Fellow. He will carry out the research History at Virginia Tech. His first book, published in while working in his newly-appointed role as Deputy 2011, won three major awards, including the British Pro-Vice-Chancellor at Leicester. Association for American Studies Book Prize.

• Professor Celeste-Marie Bernier has been awarded a • In December 2013, Professor Simon Newman Visiting Fellowship at the Gilder Lehrman Center for the (Glasgow/former Chair of BAAS) was appointed by the Study of Slavery at Yale University (one month of Foreign Secretary as a Commissioner on the Marshall March 2014). Aid Commemoration Commission (with responsibility for the Marshall Scholars programme). • Dr. Paul Williams has been awarded an AHRC grant of £144k for his project “Reframing the Graphic Novel: • Dr Jonathan Bell, historian of post-World War II US Long form adult comic narratives in North America and political liberalism, currently of Reading University, has the UK – 1973-82”. just been appointed the next director of the UCL Institute of the Americas in succession to Professor • Dr. Simon Middleton (Sheffield) has been awarded a Maxine Molyneux. He takes up his post on Sept 1 2014 British Academy research fellowship for his project “The and will be appointed as both Director of UCL-IA and Price of the People: Money and Power”. Professor. 6 ASIB 110 Winter 2014

RECOGNITION OF SCHOLARSHIP new one, adding to HOTCUS, BRANCH, SHAW, APG, BGEAH and others, whose scholarship and activities • Royal Holloway Professor Tim Armstrong’s book The BAAS hopes to continue to support into the future. Logic of Slavery: Debt, Technology and Pain in American Literature was awarded the 2013 C. Hugh Holman Award • UCLAN announced an Institute for Black Atlantic of The Society for the Study of Southern Literature, for Research (IBAR) run from the school of Language, the best book of literary scholarship in the field of Literature and International Studies with significant Southern Literature that year. input from Art and Design. The co-directors will be Alan Rice and acclaimed Black British artist Professor • In February Dr. Henry Knight, of Northumbria Lubaina Himid. They are launching the new institute University won the Florida Book Award in the category with a reading from novelist, essayist and screenwriter of ‘Nonfiction’ for his book Tropic of Hopes: California, Caryl Phillips joined by partners such as the Florida and the Selling of American Paradise, 1869-1929. International Slavery Museum, Preston Black History Group, Manchester Galleries, Lancashire Museums and • Professor Celeste-Marie Bernier’s book Characters of Tate. They will showcase work from the Centre at the Blood: Black Heroism in the Transatlantic Imagination has just event including a slide show from Tate Britain curator been announced as a joint winner of the EAAS ASN and IBAR PhD candidate Zoe Whitley’s New York Book Prize. exhibit on Afro-Futurism.

LEVERHULME FELLOWSHIP SUCCESSES • Unfortunately, last summer saw the disestablishment of the Institute for the Study of the Americas at the • Dr. Hannah Durkin at Nottingham University was University of London’s School of Advanced Study. A awarded a post-doctoral fellowship for her project successor institute – the Institute of Latin American “Anthropological Artistry: Early Black and Jewish Studies – was established in its place with its activities Women Ethnographic Filmmakers.” focused solely on Latin America and the Caribbean. This was despite strong and consistent representations • Professor Robert Cook of the University of Sussex was from myself as current Chair and the advisory board awarded a one-year BA/Leverhulme Senior Research specialists, which included 3 former BAAS chairs, Fellowship for his project “Contested Realm: Civil War including Simon Newman, Martin Halliwell and Heidi Memory in the United States Since 1865”. Macpherson. I wrote in protest of the disestablishment to the head of HEFCE, Sir Alan Langlands. • Dr. Michael Jonik (University of Sussex) has also been awarded a Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship for his • BAAS is also continuing to offer support to American project “Anarchists, Scientists, Lovers, and Con-men: Studies departments at Birmingham and UEA, both of Risk in the 19th-Century Novel”. whom are undergoing a restructuring process. All efforts will be made to ensure that this restructuring takes into INSTITUTIONS account the importance and growth of American • The University of Sussex’s Centre for American Studies Studies. (SCAS) was finally established in September 2013.

• Autumn 2013 saw the inauguration of the British Association of Nineteenth-Century Americanists. Their first symposium was held at the University of Sussex. It’s a sign of the strength of American studies in Britain that there are so many groups serving the interests of particular ‘focus’ groups, so I am pleased to applaud a 7 ASIB 110 Winter 2014

HE POLICY RELATING TO AMERICAN STUDIES • I also took part in meetings of a new network of learned societies called A-HUG (Arts and Humanities User Over the year I have been involved in a variety of policy Group) held at the Royal Historical Society and chaired discussions that relate to the progress of our community: by Professor Peter Mandler. Topics discussed included Open Access, REF 2020, A-Level Reform, the AHRC Open Access BGP2, and MA Funding and Recruitment. This group will be paying attention to the outcomes and effects of • BIS published a new report following consultation with this years REF on our subject communities once the final various HE groups, which is available at: http:// results are announced. www.parliament.uk/business/committees/ committees-a-z/commons-select/business- REF 2020 innovation-and-skills/news/on-publ-open- access/. The report revises the government’s OA policy • We have continued to monitor the development of the as described in the Finch report (which advised away next REF criteria, which is especially important after from ‘solid’ Gold and recommended a move further HEFCE’s recent announcement that there will be an towards green OA). It’s pleasing that the reports that independent review of the role of metrics in research myself and Martin Halliwell wrote/co-wrote on behalf assessment. A formal invitation to submit evidence will of BAAS and the English Association were consulted as be issued shortly and we will be taking part in this as fully evidence. This marks progress on the Open Access as we can. For information on this announcement see: debate for academics. Peter Mandler, President of the http://www.hefce.ac.uk/news/newsarchive/ Royal Historical Society noted that HEFCE’s new Open 2014/news86882.html. Access policy for the REF represents a significant improvement: “I think we owe ourselves a collective pat • A key announcement on undergraduate funding made on the back for a successful lobbying effort.” by HEFCE has had a major impact for American Studies degrees with a study abroad element. From the • I also participated in debates over Open Access academic year 2014-15 onward, a new regulated fee monographs. In July 2013 I attended the 2-day limit for study abroad students was set at 15 per cent of conference Open Access Monographs in the Humanities the fees chargeable to most other full-time and Social Sciences Conference at the British Library. A undergraduates. This is equivalent to a fee of up to comprehensive report on this is available at https:// £1,350. www.jisc-collections.ac.uk/Reports/ oabooksreport/. REPRESENTING BAAS

• As Chair I attended several meetings in April concerning I had the pleasure of attending several conferences as HE policy, including the Learned Societies and Subject BAAS representative this year, including: Associations Network, with presentations on the latest policy documents produced by the British Academy, the • “New Directions in American Studies” at the University AHRC and ESRC. of Kent. See the programme at http:// www.kent.ac.uk/amst/new%20directions.pdf. • I also took part in the Evaluation of Learned Societies Project, an ESRC-sponsored project for the British • “The American Body” conference run by the Regional Academy. As a result, BAAS was entered as a case study Centre for American Studies in the North West, held at in this project which gives Learned Societies the the University of Liverpool. opportunity to demonstrate the economic and social value of their activities.

8 ASIB 110 Winter 2014

• The American Politics Group annual colloquium held at None of these activities would be possible without the the US Embassy. It was a great pleasure to be invited to dedicated work and support of the BAAS executive chair the final session of the day involving two former committee, whom I’d like to publicly thank for the extra Members of the US Congress speaking informally about work they have each taken on this year–very often behind their political experience and thoughts on current closed doors and during leave or while coping with an US events. ever-burdensome workload. In particular, thanks to Doug Haynes for sorting out the GTAs, Sinead Moynihan for • The University of Sussex’s Centre for American Studies chairing the conferences sub-committee (even when on event “Literature Off the Page: The Cultural and research leave), Mike Collins for literally keeping the Political Work of American Writing”. website alive, Rachael McLennan for managing the membership list so that everyone received their copies of • “Homeward Bound,” the fantastic BAAS/IAAS the Journal in good time, and Graeme Thompson at postgraduate conference in Nottingham. Glasgow for keeping the BAAS mailing list regularly fed with news and announcements while finishing off his PhD. Most of our other activities will be detailed in reports to follow at today’s AGM, but I want to signpost several In particular I want to thank my fellow officers – Jo Gill, significant achievements that we’ve achieved this year: Sylvia Ellis and Bridget Bennett – for their brilliant support this year. It’s been a privilege to work with them. As Vice- • A forthcoming new partnership agreement with Chair and Chair of the Publications Sub-Committee, Cambridge University Press that creates a new and Bridget has provided backbone and many, many hours, to productive relationship between BAAS and the Editors our key activities this year. As Treasurer and Secretary of the Journal of American Studies. respectively, Sylvia Ellis and Jo Gill, sadly (for us!) finish their terms this year. We’ve been very lucky to have had • The first ASIB news magazine going online: thanks to the their labour for BAAS and I wish I could reward them hard work of Kal Ashraf. materially: what we have instead is a small token of appreciation for the dedication and sheer hard graft that • The relaunch of the BAAS postgraduate journal US they have taken on for us. I’m sure everyone here will join Studies Online – the editors Ben and Michelle will be me in wishing them both lots of well-deserved fun with the talking more about their work on this in a fuller report. many spare hours they will now have!

• Thanks also to the team at Nottingham for last – Sue Currel December’s “Homeward Bound” BAAS/IAAS postgraduate conference in Nottingham. Following that, I want to encourage you all to this year’s BAAS postgrad conference to be held at Sussex this November. Please look out for the flyers at this conference.

The BAAS executive will be continuing to look at ways to support members further this year. In particular there will be a focus on expanding our use of the website, creating more content and using it for enhanced communications, as well as looking at the possibilities of increasing the number of grants available for symposia as well as the number of archival research/travel awards to be made available.

9 USSTUDIESONLINE.COM FORUM FOR NEW WRITING

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U.S. Studies Online Forum for New 4 book reviews Submit a post to U.S. Studies Online and Writing is the Postgraduate and Early 5 event reviews you can take part in our 60 seconds Career Researcher network of the 6 careers and professional informal interview series and our British Association for American development advice contributors page. Studies (BAAS). 7 collaborative special featured blog series U.S. Studies Online also features an In light of the changing digital 8 and an online, real-time interactive calendar that provides landscape of academia and academic monthly book group on twitter comprehensive up-to-date information communities, U.S. Studies Online was under the hashtag #bookhour on all UK-based American and restyled and re-launched in April 2014 Canadian Studies events, unparalleled as a new interactive platform for U.S. Studies Online is designed to by any other website or association. debate and comment. showcase and promote the exciting and emerging research produced by Log on and see all UK art exhibitions Drawing upon the interdisciplinarity postgraduate and early career featuring American artists, call for of American Studies, this platform researchers in the American studies papers, funding opportunities, skills aims to cover a broad range of topics, academic community. development opportunities and job incorporating history, literature, vacancies – and don’t forget to submit politics, cultural studies, film, art The forum also welcomes posts from your own! history, gender studies and established academics, as well as non- interdisciplinary methods. academic specialists, offering advice Contact our editorial team at and support to help develop the [email protected] to find out more. U.S. Studies Online is a non-profit professional and pedagogical skills of website run exclusively by American our cohort. Thanks for reading, Studies postgraduates and early career researchers who study at a range of Through this forum, the U.S. Studies UK institutions. Online blog aims to inspire a supportive intergenerational academic –Michele Green and Since the relaunch of U.S. Studies community. By engaging with various Online, the blog publishes up to three other online academic American (Co- posts a week from scholars of all levels Studies networks U.S. Studies Online will Dr Ben Offiler and achieves up to five hundred views promote its blog content through the Editors) a day. BAAS mailing list and international American Studies associations, as well The editorial team and guest as all humanities departments across contributors source and produce the UK. –Emma Horrex and Jade exciting, varied content that includes: U.S. Studies Online will also function as (Assistant Editors) 1 research posts an online networking hub for Tule 2 fun informal interviews American and Canadian studies 3 “scholars across scholars. borders” travel blogs

10 FREDERICK DOUGLASS ASIB

AND HIS TRANSATLANTIC LEGACY 110

Winter 2014

It seems that few people in Britain During Douglass’ first visit to Britain discrimination. In early 1847, he have heard of civil rights activist between 1845-1847, he lectured over purchased a first class ticket for the Frederick Douglass. Born enslaved, he three hundred times and visited cities Cunard steamship Cambria, but when escaped to become one of the most from Exeter to Edinburgh. He he boarded in Liverpool, he was powerful and important social became a sensation, and newspapers refused entry and his berth was given reformers in history and he fought for greeted his arrival with interest and to someone else. Outraged, Douglass social and racial equality until the day pride, or occasionally disdain. He wrote a letter to The Times and he died. For the last two years, I have courted controversy, particularly with rhetorically asked how he managed to researched the life of Douglass and the Free Church of Scotland and he travel across Britain without other African Americans who started a campaign against them prejudice, only to face it on his return travelled here in the 1840s. when he realised the Church had to the United States. The newspapers accepted donations from slaveholders seized on this story, rankled by the In my PhD (started in September in the American South. Douglass notion that Douglass’ experience 2014), I focus on how Douglass seized on the mantra, ‘Send Back the jarred with the image of Britain as a became a celebrity in Britain and how Money!’ and he enlisted the help of nation of freedom and tolerance. The a British audience and American English abolitionist George controversy reached such a height abolitionists influenced his fame. This Thompson, and fellow American that Samuel Cunard himself wrote a research has led to an online project, abolitionists William Lloyd Garrison letter to apologise for Douglass’ which can be found at https:// and Henry Clarke Wright to treatment, and promised it would sites.google.com/site/ denounce the Church for directly never happen again on his ships, frederickdouglassinbritain. It is still a work financing American slavery. which was a tall promise. in progress but contains a background Thousands crammed lecture halls in of slavery and abolition, what Scotland to hear the abolitionists Slowly but surely, Douglass’ legacy is Douglass achieved in Britain and speak, songs were composed and a being recognised in Britain. Last year, some teaching resources for schools. small but short-lived Free Church I was lucky enough to attend the In Britain we often focus on the slave Antislavery Society was formed in unveiling of a plaque to Douglass in trade and slavery in the British 1846. Although the money was never London, and hopefully this will be the Empire but there is less focus on what returned, the campaign caused much start of an international conversation happened after the 1830s. Hundreds debate across the nation. This event on Civil Rights, from the past to the of African Americans travelled to not only shows how American slavery future. Britain to raise money and campaign could affect British society, but also for the end of American slavery, and how abolitionists used a transatlantic – Hannah Murray often, to make a home in Britain. I network to teach others about slavery. want to ensure these men and women are remembered, and the legacy of On his return to the United States, slavery is not forgotten on either side Douglass was not content to leave of the Atlantic. British shores quietly, particularly when he was faced with racial

Contributor Hannah Murray completed a BA in History at University College London and an MA in Public History at Royal Holloway. She is researching a PhD on the life of Frederick Douglass in Britain at the University of Nottingham. Some Douglass teaching resources can be found on Hannah’s website at https://sites.google.com/site/frederickdouglassinbritain.

11 YOUR ASIB

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INVITATION Winter 2014 TO HOST THE NEXT BAAS ANNUAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE

In addition to offering If you have suggestions on how to concessionary membership fees, improve our postgraduate BAAS supports American Studies provision, or you would like to postgraduates in the UK through a organise and host the next BAAS range of prizes and awards, postgraduate conference, please including funding for conference contact your postgraduate travel. representative Rachael Alexander at [email protected].

12 A REPORT FROM ASIB SUSANNAH HOPSON 110 (UNIVERSITY OF HULL) Winter 2014 BAAS Marcus Cunliffe Prize Recipient 2014

was awarded the Marcus Cunliffe prize in 2014 and next focused on the letters of John Evans who was thanks to the generous grant provided by BAAS I was Governor of Colorado from 1862-1865. Evans’ “Indian Iable to carry out three invaluable weeks of research in Affairs Letter Book, 1863-1864” was a great surprise Colorado and Idaho. because it provided me with a complete set of documents that represented the changing and hardening opinions My PhD topic is a comparative study of three Native towards the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes’ in the lead-up American massacre sites, Bear River (1863), Sand Creek to, as well as after the massacre. My final time at the (1864) and Wounded Knee (1890). I am exploring the use archive was spent viewing documents on the recent of collective memory at these massacre sites, considering memorialisation efforts at Sand Creek. Importantly this both Euro-American and Native American constructions work was rich with oral histories from the Cheyenne and of the past. I am applying the complex and conflicting Arapaho tribes, so it was fantastic to be able to read the memory of Native American massacre to broader transcribed histories, especially because I had been arguments about collective memory in the United States relying too extensively on Euro-American histories prior so as to highlight problems within the dominant notion of to my research trip. memorialisation. I am also considering the use of collective memory as a vital tool in structuring and Whilst in Denver I also spent some time at the Denver maintaining dominant perceptions of history. Public Library which had a great Western History collection. I didn’t expect to find the amount of material During this trip I focused primarily on the Sand Creek here that I did, so was pleasantly surprised, (and slightly Massacre so I conducted my archival research in Denver worried about time!) when the staff provided me with at the Stephen H. Hart Library and Research Center. I stacks of magazines, reports and newspaper clippings on chose this archive as they have collections relating to the Sand Creek Massacre. These collections were much Sand Creek from the time of the massacre in 1864 right more recent than the ones I had access to in the previous through to the memorialisation process in the late 20th archive and I found the newspaper clippings regarding and early 21st century. I began by focusing on the the memorialisation process particularly useful. They manuscripts of John Chivington, the perpetrator of the clearly demonstrated the problematic nature of Sand Creek Massacre, which contained the brutal commemorating such a contested area of history. Thanks opinion he held towards the Northern Cheyenne. It was to the research I conducted in Denver I have decided to fascinating to contrast these records with the public focus more on events that occurred immediately after the reports Chivington submitted to congress as well as the massacre because I believe they have a strong bearing on subsequent notes from the judicial hearing that looked the contemporary collective memory of Sand Creek. into the actions at Sand Creek. Chivington’s manuscripts enabled me to measure the impact past opinions have had on contemporary representations of Sand Creek. I 13 ASIB Once I had completed my archival research I travelled to descendants voices being heard within the process of

the Sand Creek Massacre Site, near the small town of collective memory. 110 Eads in Southeastern Colorado. Already being aware of

Winter 2014 the conflictions and difficulties that went into I was greatly supported by the librarians and archivists on memorialising the site it was important to see it in reality. my trip who provided me with fantastic new information. It also made me more aware of the significance of the The people I met were always happy to help and random site for the massacre descendants who had placed their conversations often turned into interesting sources of own interpretive markers at the site and held some of the information. I would like to thanks BAAS for the fantastic land as sacred. Whilst there, I was lucky enough to meet opportunity that has greatly aided and developed my Sand Creek’s park ranger, Jeff Campbell, who had research. worked at Sand Creek for seven years. Having read about him in books, I was very excited! Campbell works closely – Susannah Hopson with the Cheyenne and Arapaho, gathering oral histories in order to clear up misrepresentations and faulty information surrounding the massacre. It was a privilege to meet him as he was very knowledgeable on both the history of the massacre and the contemporary situation at Sand Creek.

During the final part of my trip, I travelled to southeastern Idaho where the Bear River Massacre of 1863 took place. The memorial site there was very interesting because four different Euro-American memorials remain at the site that had been constructed between 1932 and 2001. The Shoshone tribe have also erected seven of their own markers overlooking the site. These changing and contradictory memorials enabled me to engage in the social construction of memory. The Euro-American markers clearly demonstrate that collective memory is used to shape and reconfigure history in order to portray the prevalent local opinion, specifically of Native Americans, which in itself reflects the broader ideology of the United States. Whilst in Idaho I visited the Fort Hall Reservation where the Shoshone now live. This was an eye-opening trip as it was my first time on a reservation. I was struck by the sheer poverty but everyone I spoke to was accommodating and welcoming. Whilst I gained a lot of valuable information from the archives, being able to see where Sand Creek and Bear River occurred and the people they effect today, confirmed the overarching importance of the 14 A REPORT FROM ASIB

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IMAOBONG UMOREN Winter 2014 (UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD) BAAS Founders’ Award Recipient 2014 n January 2014, I used the generous funds provided by Eslanda Robeson. I also explore their relationships with the British Association for American Studies to cover the other black women intellectuals like Amy Ashwood I costs of my flight and accommodation to Yale University. Garvey, Amy Jacques Garvey, Zora Neale Hurston, and During the research trip, I spent the majority of my time Claudia Jones. at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript library. The library holds a wealth of material on the history and The research I conducted at the Beinecke Rare Book and culture of African Americans. While I was there, I was Manuscript library was seriously useful in enabling me to particularly interested in examining a range of collections collect an array of primary sources for my thesis. For including the papers of Langston Hughes, James Weldon instance, I was able to find out more information about Johnson, Zora Neale Hurston, and Carl Van Vechten. the relationship between Eslanda Robeson and Carl Van Within these collections, I managed to find a number of Vechten. The Carl Van Vechten collection includes sources including letters, photographs, and articles that various letters and postcards from Eslanda Robeson over will be included in my doctoral thesis. My thesis is a number of years. Their long correspondence will form concerned with exploring how the international travels of an important section of the thesis. I also examined a group of black diasporic women intellectuals shaped correspondence between Una Marson and James Weldon their political ideas and activism. The time period I Johnson, and the letters she sent to Langston Hughes. centre my attention on is the 1920s to the 1960s. These sources will also allow me to explore the literary links between the United States and Jamaica. Existing scholarship on black women intellectuals tends to focus on notable individual figures or groups of women With the source material I collected from the Beinecke united by their country of origin, political affiliation, or Rare Book and Manuscript library, I am able to start organisational membership. My thesis intends to writing chapters in my thesis. I am sincerely grateful to challenges divisions in the study of black women British Association for American Studies in providing me intellectuals by bringing together English and French with the funds to undertake this research trip. speaking women; some were activists in black-led or left- wing organisations, while others were anthropologists and journalists. The thesis unites radical, moderate, – Imaobong Umoren progressive, and conservative black women intellectuals to illuminate difference, connection, and convergence through the lens of transnational travel. The protagonists of my study include the Jamaican Una Marson, the Martinican Paulette Nardal and the African American 15 A REPORT FROM ASIB

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JENNIFER ESSEN (KING’S Winter 2014 COLLEGE LONDON) BAAS Founders’ Award Recipient 2014 y research explores experiences of art colonies in the instance, a number of novels and short stories represent American southwest and Mexico during the early Native American culture as primitive and untainted by Mdecades of the twentieth century, focusing on urban mainstream American culture. Having now consulted the American and European artists and writers at art diaries and scrapbooks of Elizabeth Willis De Huff at the colonies in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, Taos and Center for Southwestern Research, part of the University Santa Fe, New Mexico and Mexico City. My aim is to of New Mexico, I can see the extent to which this was a contribute to the discussion of the colony as a form of fictional construct. Subsequently the diaries and association and a hub of linked creative activity, while correspondence of colonists do much to explicate their also analysing the range of responses exhibited towards experiences and the routines of particular colonies, the places that were colonised. The presence and providing me with a far deeper knowledge of these importance of these art colonies has been very much previously under-explored areas. neglected, both in terms of aesthetic criticism and cultural history. As such, my project is extremely useful in These significant archival holdings will be immensely furthering academic thought in this area: reclaiming and useful in the progression of my project. Such documents re-exploring these fascinating places. Since little has been elucidate the social and artistic environments of the written about these places, archival work is crucial in colony milieu – such as the social relations therein, elucidating the experiences of those present and thus elements of gendered space, and movements enacted theorising these spaces. between and within these colonies – allowing me to examine the kind of groups which were formed and their The Travel Grant that I received from BAAS, along with appeal as an alternative form of community. But these funding from other sources, enabled me to complete such explorations also contribute to the scholarship of the archival work during an extremely useful trip to American west, the frontier and arguments about Albuquerque. Utilising my week in New Mexico I worked national identity at the beginning of the twentieth with the University of New Mexico and the Museum of century. The atmosphere of these four colonies was one New Mexico, presented a paper at an important of separation and experimentation, exemplifying conference and visited the sites which played host to these longstanding ideas of the American west as a place of vibrant art colonies a century ago. freedom and openness. Subsequently, my research trip allowed me to make connections between writers’ As a PhD candidate at King’s College London my experiences and their published texts, surmising that research focuses primarily on the literary and artistic these art colonies established new group formations by output of these artists and writers, as well as aspects of perpetuating aspects of the mythic West. They were at critical theory which provide useful frameworks through once both radical and traditional in their engagement which to understand these art colonies. But this research with the southwest and its mythologies. rests on the reinforcement of primary material. For 16 ASIB 110 Winter 2014

In addition to these beneficial scholarly endeavours, I presented a paper entitled ‘“A Resting Place for My Affections”: Setting Up Home in Southwestern Art Colonies’ at the annual conference of the Southwest Popular/American Culture Association (SWPACA). As an American Studies student specialising in the American Southwest, this was an ideal opportunity to hear papers from experts in my field. The conference covered a wide spectrum of disciplines and areas of study, which has opened up dialogues between my project and wider academic fields as well as raising potential new angles through which to explore my thesis topic.

Art colonies in the American southwest and Mexico need to be re-examined and reclaimed as part of wider contextual discussions. The geographical positioning of these colonies gives them specific resonance, yet they have never been discussed collectively. Many of the artists and writers involved in these art colonies describe the American Southwest as unique and topographically distinct; feelings I feel much more able to understand now that I have seen these landscapes first hand. I had time to reflect on this when my car broke down on the way to visit one of the sites of these art colonies; an experience which also gave me a new-found empathy for the fraught journeys undertaken by these artists to get to New Mexico a century ago.

– Jennifer Esen

17 ASIB

A REPORT FROM NIKITA SHAH 110

(UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK) Winter 2014 BAAS Peter Parish Award Recipient 2014 eceiving the Peter Parish Award from BAAS enabled me messages). However, owing to this research trip, my to undertake a two-week research trip to Washington, research was able to depart from a conventional study of RDC. My research examines the role of psychological psyop - which most existing studies of psyop tend to operations within American counterinsurgency, and adhere to - and to move towards a broader accordingly I was able to research a range of different understanding of psyop by exploring both its origin and aspects of psychological operations at the US National its implementation. Archives, the National Security Archive, and the Library of Congress. The extensive holdings at NARA enabled me to develop two key strands of my research; firstly, the use of cultural My thesis adopts a comparative historical approach to intelligence in psyop, and secondly, the use of coercion as security studies, focusing on the US’s historical an integral element of psyop. In the case of the former, at experience of warfare. It uses the Vietnam War as a case NARA I discovered a host of interrogation reports of study to address psychological operations, and the captured (suspected) Viet Cong soldiers, from which the broader dynamics of counterinsurgency that such derived intelligence would be fed into the development of operations reflect. Psychological warfare remains an psyop messages, including themes of family relations, understudied component of American cultural norms and values, and in some cases, even counterinsurgency; despite the abundance of primary superstition. This has provided me with an excellent base material from previous campaigns, there is little to explore the exploitation of cultural knowledge within consensus as to its place within the wider landscape of psyop policy, as well as to reflect upon how America international security studies. Furthermore, given that the viewed itself in relation to those that it captured and US possessed the biggest psychological operations interrogated. apparatus in the Cold War, which has impacted its later campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan, this aspect of its However, this trip was perhaps the most useful in military history has remained underexplored and enabling me to challenge conventional understandings of unproblematised. psyop by exploring the abuses of this intelligence. During my research at the National Security Archive at George The Vietnam psychological operations apparatus was one Washington University, I was able to gain a deeper of the most complex in US history, with a multitude of insight into the manner in which intelligence was agencies and institutions cross-coordinating and exploited for the Phoenix Programme by studying the implementing the broader campaign. As such, the papers of Douglas Valentine. This was bolstered by conflict has generated an overabundance of archival similar findings from the Neil Sheehan Papers at the records, housed mainly at the US National Archives Library of Congress, which reflected in large part upon (NARA) in DC, on which I was able to draw in order to the amount of civilian casualties resulting from the examine psychological operations (psyop) misuse of intelligence and military activity in Vietnam. ‘products’ (leaflets, posters, and radio broadcast 18 ASIB 110 Winter 2014

Yet, where my most unexpected findings arose was at NARA. Although my research was frustrated, to a small extent, by discovering the amount of files that had been withdrawn and re-classified in the recent past relating to defence intelligence, I was able to broaden the boundaries of my research by applying psyop to better- known aspects of the Vietnam War. For example, I came across the psyop policy documents for the notorious herbicide operations in Vietnam that caused considerable agricultural damage, as well as civilian casualties, and noted incidents of violence involving American soldiers. Additionally, as a result of this research trip, I was fortunate enough to meet with three key historians at the International Spy Museum in DC. Their expertise was most useful in suggesting ways to locate my lines of enquiry within broader twentieth-century strategic thought, particularly in relation to figures such as Generals Curtis LeMay or Edward Lansdale.

Whilst this trip certainly highlighted some of the struggles of working with defence and intelligence-related material, it broadened the empirical basis of my thesis by making me reflect upon what could be considered psyop, how, and where this might have been applied in previous American conflicts. This has, without doubt, strengthened the fundamental structure of my thesis, and I am hugely grateful to BAAS for granting this award and making such research possible.

– Nikita Shah

19 ASIB AN ANNOUNCEMENT FROM

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THE SMITHSONIAN Winter 2014 AMERICAN ART MUSEUM

The Smithsonian American Art Museum is now accepting nominations for the 2015 Charles C. Eldredge Prize. Single-author books devoted to any aspect of the visual arts of the United States and published in the three previous calendar years are eligible. To nominate a book, send a letter (not to exceed one page in length) explaining the work’s significance to the field of American art history and discussing the quality of the author’s scholarship and methodology. Nominations by authors or publishers for their own books will not be considered. The deadline for nominations is December 1, 2014. Please send them to: The Charles C. Eldredge Prize, Research and Scholars Center, Smithsonian American Art Museum, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 970, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012. Nominations will also be accepted by email: [email protected] or fax: (202) 633-8373. Further information about the prize may be found at americanart.si.edu/research/ awards/eldredge.

20 BAAS PAPERBACK SERIES ASIB

110 EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY PRESS Winter 2014

A NOTE FROM MARTIN HALLIWELL AND EMILY WEST

BAAS Paperbacks are published vigorously marketed by Edinburgh and sexuality; international by Edinburgh University Press in University Press in the UK and via relations; literary and film genres, association with the British Oxford University Press in North contemporary events; public and Association for American Studies. America. intellectual cultures; and visual technologies. BAAS Paperbacks has two new Volumes can be pitched within a The book should be appropriate Series Editors who, along with single discipline or with an for adoption as required reading Edinburgh University Press, wish interdisciplinary focus. on relevant undergraduate courses. to promote and develop BAAS Paperbacks as the definitive series In particular, we are keen to Please do contact us with your of lively, accessible and focused recruit proposals relating to areas ideas for potential books, which books (70,000 words maximum) in where we feel the series needs can be either thematic or any field or subfield of American developing, including all areas of chronological in scope. Studies. pre-twentieth century research; regional, urban and transnational For a list of titles in the BAAS Volumes in the series combine studies; the history of borderlands, Paperbacks series so far, please go overviews of the subject with ethnicity and citizenship; colonial to www.euppublishing.com/series/ original research and are and revolutionary America; gender BAAS.

Contact the Series Editors:

Martin Halliwell (University of Leicester) [email protected]

Emily West (University of Reading) [email protected]

euppublishing.com/series/BAAS 21 A REPORT FROM ASIB

ALESSANDRA MAGRIN 110 (UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE) Winter 2014 BAAS/Eccles Centre PG Award Recipient 2014 he Eccles Postgraduate Research Fellowship allowed me Italian Travellers (1941), by Andrew Jospeh Torrielli. I have to make two extremely fruitful research trips to the also considered critical works on the cultural and political TBritish Library in July and August 2013. These trips relations between Italy and the USA in the 1800’s and represented a crucial step in the development of the 1900’s, as well as general works regarding European main argument of my PhD thesis on the reception of the perceptions of America, the American West, and Native Italian tours of Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show and the Americans. I have been also able to consult several recent representations of the American West in Italy in the 19th critical studies on the subject of ‘Spaghetti Western’ and 20th century. movies. Finally, I have looked at several English and American local newspapers that tackled the reception of My thesis concentrates on the Italian interest in the Buffalo Bill’s Show in Italy in 1890 and 1906; both American West and on the ways it was represented in through the numerous online databases in the St. Pancras Italian press, literature (travellers’ memoirs as well as reading rooms (The Gloucester Citizen, The Presto Guardian, novels), early works of ethnography and exhibitions, and The Bristol Daily Post, The Taunton Courier, The Wichita Day then moves on to look at the appraisal of Buffalo Bill’s Eagle, The Salt Lake Day Herald, The Times Dispatch, The Wild West Show which, in my opinion, marked a Pittsburgh Dispatch) and also at the Newspaper Archive in watershed in the ways the West was perceived in Italy Colindale ( New York Herald, Harper’s Weekly, Boston Sunday until then. In particular I believe that Cody’s Show also Post). triggered the development of a proper new ‘Western Genre’ in Italian popular culture, which encompassed What seems evident from these sources is that Italian comics, pulp fiction, adventure novels and, last but not interest in American West followed a pattern that was least, the so-called ‘Spaghetti Western’ films. uneven and at times dissimilar from other European Countries. This was due mainly to several social and My time at the Library was spent examining memoirs of political factors that differentiated Italy from other 19th-century Italian travellers in America like the diary of Western European countries throughout the 19th century. Count Francesco Arese A Trip To The Prairies And In The The Enlightenment and Romantic perceptions of the Interior Of North America, and the account of Carlo American Frontier lingered on in Italy for most of the Gardini’s trip to the American West in the 1880’s, and 1900’s until the late development of social sciences also Giacomo Costantino Beltrami’s book about his occurred; this event almost coincidentally concurred with expedition on the sources of the Mississippi River in the the arrival of Buffalo Bill’s Wild West’s Show in Italy, early 19th century. I have also been looking at rare books which acted as a great ‘leveller’ and catalyser of popular on the subject of dissemination of American Culture in interest, as well as disseminator of a ‘different’ portrayal Italy, like Angelina La Piana’s La Cultura Americana E of the American West in Italy. This eventually L’italia (1938) and Italian Opinion on America as revealed by 22 ASIB 110 Winter 2014 contributed to shape the popular culture production of the ‘Italian Western genre’ (adventure novels, comics, films) throughout the 20th century.

In addition to this, the newspaper sources immensely helped me to fully understand and complicate the discourse about the perception of Italy in USA and in the western world in the late 1900’s, which is another important point that is being tackled in my thesis. The articles from the British and American press also supported the evidence that Cody’s show in Italy had an extremely vast international echo, and strengthened the thesis (maintained by Joy Kasson, Rydell and Kroes, Frank Christianson, just to name a few) which sees Buffalo Bill and his Wild West as demiurgic forces in the trans-nationalisation of American culture.

Without the fundamental findings from my research at the British Library I would not have been able to provide such a solid scholarship to endorse key arguments of my thesis, and therefore I wish to thank the Eccles Centre for American Studies for their invaluable support.

– Alesana Magn

23 A REPORT FROM ASIB

LORENZO COSTAGUTA 110 (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM) Winter 2014 BAAS/Eccles Centre PG Award Recipient 2014 esearching at the British Library was an invaluable moderate Republican newspaper founded by Horace opportunity that will ensure the lasting impact and Greeley and the recurrence of news dedicated to race- Rintellectual originality of my Ph.D. The unique based conflicts. With regards to the first aspect, my aim collections held at the British Library provide vital was to understand the ways in which the problem of elements to complete my primary source research and blacks’ political representation was framed and discussed facilitate the creation of a solid secondary literature in the newspaper. With regards to the second aspect, I apparatus that will act as a foundation of my thesis. focussed on the way in which white and black protagonists of the events were described, how news were In order to make the most of my time at the British reported and how analyses of social, economic and Library, I divided my research period into two sojourns. I personal circumstances interacted in the chronicles of the scheduled the first one, made in February 2014, so that it events. The results of this research will be used to coincides with the beginning of the preparation of the counterbalance and critically analyse the socialist sources first chapter of my thesis, titled German socialists before and discussed in my Ph.D. research. after the Civil War. Negotiating ethnic integration, racial equality and economic justice. I used the British Library resource to Besides these two main strands of research, while at the become acquainted with the vast literature about British Library I had the chance to investigate other German American immigrants before and after the Civil primary sources useful for my research, such as some War. Starting from seminal works such as Bruce Levine’s works published by members of the Socialist Labor Party The Spirit of 1848: German immigrants, labor conflict, and the (H. Schlüter, The Brewing industry and the brewery workers’ coming of the Civil War (1992), I expanded my research in movement in the United States; A. Douai, The Kindergarten. A order to understand not only the history of the manual of introduction to the Frobel’s system of primary education immigrant community but also their contribution in into public schools; Lawrence Gronlund, En Diskussion mellem shaping nineteenth century America. This research gave Henry George of den Amerikanske Socialdemokrat), material on me fundamental information that was integral to the black slavery in the U.S. published by the German press preparation my primary sources research trips to (Vorwärts! Rückwärts! Stehen bleiben!, Frankfurt a. M. 1865), Amsterdam and the United States, which I made and the U.S. Congress Commission Records relative to between March and July 2014. the 1876-1890 period, where the Socialist Labor Party is mentioned several times. I postponed the second period of research until September in order to spend it in the Newsroom, the new In conclusion, I would like to thank the British area opened in April 2014 and which stores the Association for American Studies and the Eccles Centre newspaper collection of the Library. I dedicated part of for the great opportunity of studying and researching at my time in London to reading some scattered copies of the British Library. My warmest gratitude also goes to newspapers published by the Socialist Labor Party of the Professor Philip Davies, Dr. Cara Rodway and Mr. Chris United States such as the Sozialist or the New Yorker Michaelides, with whom I had the occasion to discuss my Volkszeitung. However, most of attention was focused on research while I was in London. New York Tribune, of which the Library holds one of the vastest collections in the UK. My aim was to investigate the narrative of Reconstruction policies made by the – Lorenzo Coaguta24 A REPORT FROM LAURA HELYER (UNIVERSITY OF CHICHESTER) BAAS/Eccles Centre PG Award Recipient 2013

s part of my doctoral thesis in creative writing and moments in my novel. Through visiting the Propaganda literature, I am writing a novel set in Nova Scotia in the exhibition, I was also able to reflect on how I might best A early twentieth century. During the early stages of my represent in fiction, responses to war propaganda and research for this project, I visited Halifax and stayed at how patriotic feeling towards the mother country shifted the Elizabeth Bishop house in Great Village. However, during the years of the war and the time period of my my writing soon led me towards an interest in the figure novel. I studied Canadian war propaganda posters and of the Canadian Prime Minister, Robert Borden, who is was able to gather interesting historical details from a minor but significant character in my novel. Therefore, objects in the exhibition to help develop and enrich the I was very grateful to receive a BAAS/ Eccles Centre narrative. Postgraduate Award which enabled me to visit the

ASIB British Library to consult resources on the life and Borden figures as a background but still crucial character writings of Borden, as well as to conduct related research in my novel, providing a key insight into the historical

110 on the representations of voice hearing in fiction. moment. I explore the use of political language in times

Winter 2014 During my visit, I was also keen to explore the exhibition of conflict and how such rhetoric is interpreted and Propaganda: Power and Persuasion (17 May – 17 September experienced by those who are vulnerable or 2013) and to attend several related events. marginalised. However, the main focus in the context of my novel is to consider this persuasive, political use of As outlined, my research largely focused on the figure of language in contrast with a therapeutic use of language. the eighth Canadian Prime Minister, Robert Laird Language here is a means of making an identity possible Borden (from 1911-1920) and his activities during and in words, whether this be a national, collective identity, immediately after the First World War. I was chiefly or a personal identity and story of selfhood. Both, interested in his role in enabling greater autonomy for however, invoke qualities of voice and listening that are Canada, as it emerged from colony to nation, gaining necessary for effective leadership. The protagonist of my Dominion Status, as well as the transition from British novel suffers from auditory verbal hallucinations; she Empire to the British Commonwealth of Nations. I hears the voice of Borden but it is distorted. This period hoped to deepen my understanding of his character, of research has allowed me time to imagine more fully style of leadership and the details of his commitment to and reflect on the different ways in which the political the war effort in general, including his controversial becomes personal, particularly in times of trauma and decision to introduce compulsory conscription in 1917 conflict. As a result, I completed a further draft of my (the Military Services Act) and the tensions this novel, incorporating much of the new material which I generated, particularly for French Canadians. My was able to access during my research visits to the British research at the library therefore involved studying the Library. various ‘voices’ of his memoirs and letters, including the rhetoric and language of his speeches and lectures, in – Laura Helyer order to re-imagine these as key historical events/ 25 A REPORT FROM ASIB

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JESÚS BOLAÑO QUINTERO Winter 2014 BAAS/Eccles Centre PG Award Recipient 2014

hanks to the Eccles Centre European Postgraduate Award, Literature and Art (1846); Amos Bronson Alcott thoughts and I have been able to carry out essential research for my PhD notes as, for example, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Philosopher and T at the British Library. This experience has provided me Seer: An Estimate of His Character and Genius in Prose and with crucial material for the development of my project. Verse (1889), and all the research material about transcendentalism in general, have helped me establish My research at the British Library focused on the changes links between transcendentalism and contemporary in the world of culture after 9/11 which raise doubts about cultural issues. the survival of the concept of postmodernism. Terms and theories like hypermodern (Gilles Lipovetsky), digimodernism The Atlantic Monthly proved to be very valuable, and works (Alan Kirby), automodernism (Robert Samuels), altermodernism like “Brahmanism: According to the Latest (Nicholas Bourriaud) or metamodernism (Timotheus Researches” (1869) or “Buddhism or the Protestantism of Vermeulen and Robin van den Akker) are appearing to the East” (1869), both by James Freeman Clarke, gave me explain current cultural events and they show that change insight into the connections between transcendentalism is occurring. In both popular and high culture works are and Eastern thought. This led me to books like Arthur being produced that seem to want to recover the Edward Christy’s The Orient in American Transcendentalism: A unfinished project of modernity predicted by Jürgen Study of Emerson Thoreau, and Alcott (1932), Leyla Goren’s Habermas. This turn is taking place in the light of the Elements of Brahmanism in the Transcendentalism of Emerson visions and ideals that come from the philosophy of the (1977), or Yoshio Takanashi’s Emerson and Neo-Confucianism nineteenth century and in particular the romantic period. (2014), which helped me understand more deeply the The great influence that American culture has on the rest origins of transcendentalism. of the world is making the paradigm shift take shape in the light of the tenets of the American transcendentalist After Summer (1884), Winter (1888), and Early Spring in movement. Massachusetts (1881) from Thoreau’s Journal, I turned my attention towards the great influence that In order to understand this paradigm shift, it is necessary transcendentalism has on current environmentalist and to ascertain the roots of such change and the implications ecocritical studies with works like Andrew McMurry’s they may have nowadays. My research at the British Environmental Renaissance: Emerson, Thoreau, and the Systems of Library broadened my knowledge and strengthened my Nature (2003), Lawrence Buell’s The Environmental hypotheses. Emerson’s correspondence with Thomas Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of Carlyle; the transcendentalists’ family papers; their American Culture (1995), or A Keener Perception: Ecocritical journals and miscellaneous notebooks in the collection, as Studies in American Art History (2009), edited by Alan C. well as Emerson’s notes on the books he read and wrote; Braddock and Christoph Irmscher. the editions of The Dial; Margaret Fuller’s Papers on 26 ASIB 110 Winter 2014

Nicolas Borriaud’s The Radicant (2009) and Altermodern like to thank the Eccles Centre at the British Library (2009) support Habermas’s thesis of the recovery of the and the British Association for American Studies and unfinished project of modernity. Raoul Eshelman’s express my deepest gratitude to them for giving me this Performatism, or the End of Postmodernism (2008) establishes unique opportunity to gain access to that valuable a link between the end of postmodernism and his material, which has been critical for the development of proposal for a new paradigm through elements like my research project. irony, which are crucial to connect current cultural manifestations with Romanticism in general and – Jeús Bolaño Quintero transcendentalism in particular.

All that research has provided me with a solid foundation to study the works of Paul Auster and Dave Eggers, and analyse the different ways in which they treat transcendentalism in their books. Typical transcendentalist topics like Eastern thought, nature, the use of irony, self-reliance, sincerity or language (to name just a few), are treated in very different ways by these authors. Some of the books I have consulted to gather information about this have been extremely valuable for my research: Nicoline Timmer’s Do You Feel It Too?: The Post-Postmodern Syndrome in American Fiction at the Turn of the Millennium (2010); Caroline D. Hamilton’s One Man Zeitgeist: Dave Eggers, Publishing and Publicity (2010); Aliki Varvogli´s Travel and Dislocation in Contemporary American Fiction; Christopher Donovan’s Postmodern Counternarratives: Irony and Audience in the Novels of Paul Auster, Don DeLillo, Charles Johnson, and Tim O'Brien (2005); or Paul Auster’s Postmodernity (2008), by Brendan Martin.

Being able to use the superb facilities of the British Library, having the help of the efficient team there, and having all that material in the same place, has made my research extremely enjoyable and rewarding. I would

27 A REPORT FROM STEFFI DIPPOLD (KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY, USA) BAAS/Eccles Centre Award Recipient 2014

ASIB rom the 27th of June to the 31st of July 2013 I worked costs for translating and printing this exceptional Bible

as an Eccles Visiting Fellow at the British Library in at Harvard University in Cambridge. To show their 110 London. And to spell it out right at the beginning of gratitude and make sure that financial aid was not F Winter 2014 my report: my time at the British Library was an drying up, the colonists sent around twenty freshly extremely productive and wonderful experience. My printed first editions of the Wampanoag Bible, still in presence at the British Library allowed me to work with sheets, back to London. After their arrival in 1664, they and integrate a number of important primary texts had them lavishly bound and then distributed to crucial to both my book manuscript and an article on important sponsors and supporters of Indian mission in colonial bookmaking I am currently preparing for Massachusetts Bay Colony. publication. Both my book manuscript and article— this is characteristic of my research in general—are I am currently preparing an article for publication heavily based on archival work. Without access to early called “The Word Made of Lead: Lady Mary Armine’s modern collections, of which of course the British Wampanoag Bible and the Materiality of Colonial Library is an absolutely unique treasure, my work Bookmaking.” In it, I offer a case study of one of the would lack the material and object history I find so surviving Wampanoag Bibles. I trace the material fascinating and rewarding as well as the engagement history of the copy owned by Lady Mary Armine, the with the bindings, decorations and traces left on early widow of Sir William Armine who was a leading imprints. member of the Long Parliament and a supporter of the Puritan regicide and revolution. Her Bible (housed Philippa Marks, the curator of Bookbinding and Early at the Huntington Library, CA) is dressed in a Printed Collections, was enormously helpful and delicately grained morocco livery while a superbly welcoming during my stay at the British Library. I had ornamented double-frame in gold tooling decorates its applied for the Eccles fellowship because I needed to front and back cover. It took a highly trained artisan to find out more about the London seventeenth-century impress such finely delineated ornaments without bookbinder of John Eliot’s Wampanoag Bible, printed damaging the leather. My stay and month-long in 1663. The Wampanoag Bible was the first and research in the outstanding early modern bookbinding complete translation of the Bible into Wampanoag, an collection of the British Library taught me to find my indigenous language spoken in colonial New England. way through the complex world of bookbinding The London based Corporation for the Propagation of ornaments and craftsmanship of the seventeenth the Gospel in Foreign Parts had forwarded most of the century.

28 Philippa Marks met with me early on during my stay in Wampanoag Bible. This way I will be able to clearly

ASIB London and introduced me to the collection of historic identify if the tooling on Lady Armine’s copy came from bookbinding and gold tooling of the British Library. She the Mearne workshop. What is more, Philippa also

110 also allowed me to work with the un-catalogued rubbings helped me trace a second Wampanoag Bible with an

Winter 2014 of tooled historic bindings. Extremely generous with her absolutely identical luxury binding (and ornamentation) time and expertise, Philippa helped me out whenever I like the one of Lady Armine. This Wampanoag Bible is was stuck in the massive collection of (often unidentified) in the Royal Library at Copenhagen. I found two Danish ornaments, when I could not “read” or subdivide the articles on this Wampanoag Bible which are currently complex and multi-tooled compound ornament being translated into English so that I can integrate the assemblages on the covers, or when I needed background history of this important Doppelganger into my article. information on a craftsman or binder. As a result, my findings at the British Library were rich and intricate. I Karen Limper-Herz was another invaluable guide during learned, for example, that the lavish decoration on Lady my stay at the British Library. In my article I am also Armine’s Wampanoag Bible certainly did not come from looking at the material history of the paper shipped to the workshop of Samuel Gellibrand as secondary and used at Harvard to print the Wampanoag Bible. literature usually claims without ever pointing to a Karen showed me how to illuminate and thus trace the source. Instead, the Wampanoag Bible might have been watermarks on the pages of the Wampanoag Bible decorated in the workshop of Samuel Mearne. Mearne’s owned by the British Library. She also gave me valuable bindery is perhaps one of the best-known Restoration advice on how to “read” the watermarks I found. In bookbinderies. He was appointed bookbinder to King addition, her profound knowledge of the Grenville Charles II and famous for elaborate and distinctive Collection housed at the British Library was essential to craftsmanship. If Mearne decorated the Wampanoag my understanding of the provenance of one of the Bible of Lady Armine the value of Lady Armine’s Bible British Library’s Wampanoag Bibles once owned by the would significantly increase. In addition, I have much avid collector Grenville. more material to trace the decorations because Mearne’s workshop has been carefully. I will be back in London to attend a conference this summer. I am looking forward to continue my research at Last summer one problem of my research was that I the British Library. My work at the British Library last could not bring a rubbing of the Armine copy to the summer produced a strong, invaluable, and essential British Library. The Huntington Library does not allow foundation for my article and my fourth chapter in my rubbings. I had to work with photographs of the Bible, book manuscript. Without the Eccles Center fellowship, which makes comparisons difficult. However, I have my research on the Wampanoag Bible would have never found another first edition of the Wampanoag Bible in a been so effective and thorough as it is today. Thank you very similar binding to the one of Lady Armine. Here again for the reward and the opportunity to work at the however the gold ornamentation is more reduced and British Library. I will be happy to repeat my thanks in my simplified. My theory is that probably only very few forthcoming article. copies of the twenty Wampanoag Bibles shipped in sheets back to London received the lush decorations we find on Lady Armine’s Bible. Instead, typical for the – Steffi Diold period was that about three or four copies received luxury gold tooling while the rest would be decorated in a cheaper and more subdued way. I will be back at the British Library this summer (probably in July 2014) and will bring rubbings from this modest first edition of the 29 Sarah Cullen is a PhD candidate at Newcastle been a visiting researcher at the London School of University based in the School of English. Her Economics and Political Science. She is a member research focuses on US literature and art of the of the American Politics Group of the Political long 1960s, examining experimental and late- Studies Association. Her main research interests lie modernist attempts to redefine ‘authorship’ and in American and European politics, political parties ‘the author’ as a response to the military and media and the role that ideas play in shaping political technologies of the Cold War. outcomes. She is currently working on the transformations of the American Democrats and Melinda Dobson is a PhD Candidate and part- on the legacy of the New Democrats’ model in the time teacher at the University of Warwick. Melinda developments of the European left. She is also holds an LLB in Law with German Law from the interested in trans-national intellectual exchanges. University of Surrey and an MA in International In spring 2015 she will carry out research for her Security from the University of Warwick. Her doctoral thesis between Washington D.C. and research is a comparative study that focuses on the NYC. challenges that whistleblowers pose to intelligence agencies in the UK and the US. At the James Hilyer is a research student at the UCL International Studies Association (ISA) in Toronto Institute of the Americas working on the rise, 2014, Melinda gave a paper on the Edward ascendancy and eclipse of Keynesian political

Snowden revelations. economy in the United States. ASIB

Susan Forsyth is a an independent scholar, Sarah Holt works at Coventry University in the 110

having completed a B.A. (1992) and M.A. (1994) at Department of English & Languages where she Winter 2014 the University of Essex, and a Ph.D. at Christ teaches contemporary American literature to Church College Canterbury (2000). Susan’s Ph.D., undergraduate students. She is a part-time PhD on literary representations of the Wounded Knee student at Staffordshire University. Her research Massacre, was published in 2003. Her interests and project focuses upon historical and contemporary teaching include U.S. Literature, American Indian constructions of black identity in contemporary Literature and Film and military history. African American Western literature.

Fred Francis is a PhD student at the University of Benjamin Huskinson is currently on the MLitt Kent and previously studied at Kent and UCL. program in American Studies at the University of Fred’s research focuses on the influence of 19th- Glasgow. Benjamin holds a Master of Science in Century American fiction on the ‘Dark Age’ of Political Psychology from Queen’s University American superhero comics. Fred is a co-founder of Belfast, and a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science the Cultural Studies in America reading group at with a minor in Anthropology from Washington Kent. State University. His research interests include race and religion in politics, and the history of science Tom Ganderton is postgraduate student at the and religion in the United States during the 20th University of Leeds reading American Literature and 21st centuries. and Culture. Jessica Johnson is a PhD Candidate in History at Lilia Giugni is a PhD candidate at the University the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia. Her dissertation explores media and WELCOMING NEW MEMBERS OF BAAS OF MEMBERS NEW WELCOMING of Cambridge POLIS Department and a member artistic representations of Korean War veterans in of Trinity Hall college. She holds a BA and a order to determine how Korean War veterans have Master’s degree from LUISS Guido Carli influenced perceptions and attitudes towards the University, both awarded with distinction, and has soldier and veteran in American culture. 30 Catherine Jones is Senior Lecturer in Alexander Moran is a distance-learning English and Director of the Centre for Medical PhD student with the University of Humanities at the University of Aberdeen. Birmingham who lives in Durham, North Catherine specialises in transatlantic cultural Carolina. Alexander completed undergraduate relations in the age of Enlightenment and studies at Sussex (with a year abroad at Reed Romanticism. She is currently researching the College) and received an MA from ‘Medical Enlightenment’ of the eighteenth Nottingham. Alexander’s PhD thesis explores century. Her most recent book is Literature and contemporary American fiction, with a Music in the Atlantic World, 1767-1867 particular focus on the works of David Foster (Edinburgh University Press, 2014). Wallace and John Dewey’s concept of habit.

Brian Langley is a PhD student in History at Janet Morrison is researching a PhD at UEA Northumbria researching Confederate dissent on the life and times of Marie Laveau – a and discontent between1861 to 65. Brian is voodoo queen who reigned in nineteenth interested in the meaning of the bread riots century New Orleans. which broke out across southern cities and the experiences of ordinary men and women, Hannah Murray is a PhD student at the sometimes barely literate, who wrote to the University of Nottingham. She previously Confederate authorities during the war or who studied at the University of Leeds and later petitioned the Federal government via the Pennsylvania State University. Her thesis explores liminal whiteness in works by Charles Southern Claims Commission. ASIB Brockden Brown, Robert Montgomery Bird, Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Julia Lawton is completing a funded PhD in 110 American History under Professor Axel Herman Melville. She is currently the Reviews

Winter 2014 Schaefer and Dr. Laura Sandy at Keele Editor for 49th Parallel: An Interdisciplinary Journal University. Julia’s research focuses on the of North American Studies. contested status of ‘free’ persons in the border- states of the American South in the lead up to Becky Newton is an American Studies MA the Civil War. Julia also teaches part-time in Researcher at Canterbury Christ Church the Department of History at Keele. She has University. During work towards her BA recently completed a month-long fellowship at degree (also at Christ Church), Becky spent a Maryland Historical Society. semester studying at North Central College in Chicago. Her current research focuses on the Tom Lennon is a PhD candidate in the representation of Native American women in History Department at the University of York, contemporary US society, a topic Becky where he previously completed an MA. His intends to also research for a PhD. research focuses on the early civil rights movement in the American South during the James Nixon studied for a BA in English inter-war period. Literature and an MA in American Studies at the University of Glasgow. He is currently Ed Long teaches A2 and GCSE Civil Rights working on a PhD about the cultural and in the USA (1865-1992) at Pocklington School. political influence of American stand-up Ed is particularly interested in the revolutionary period and looks forward to comedy in the Obama era. networking with other BAAS members as he considers further study and publishing in this

WELCOMING NEW MEMBERS OF BAAS OF MEMBERS NEW WELCOMING area.

31 Chelsea Olsen holds a BA (Honours) in English focuses on the attempts to imagine and rhetorically Literature from Carleton University and an MA in construct a mature citizenry which is able to defend Communication and Culture from Ryerson itself against demagoguery. University. Chelsea’s main research interest lies in the complex intersection between modernism, Alan Symons holds a BA in English Literature and an MRes in English Literature/American Studies gender, and salon culture. Chelsea’s MA thesis, for from Northumbria University. Alan’s PhD research example, explored how the Stettheimer sisters used considers the trope of male-on-female murder and their salon and creative works to challenge themes of male control in American southern roots patriarchal notions of gender. This research now music of the 1920s and ’30s. serves as a theoretical background for the Museum Lenbachhaus’ upcoming Florine Stettheimer Victoria Thirlwell studied American Studies with exhibition. Chelsea’s PhD research will interrogate English Literature at the University of Wales the assumed misogyny of male modernist writers Swansea and an MPhil in Literatures of the like Hemingway and Eliot by tracing their works Americas at Trinity College Dublin. She is applying through the progressive and often female-led for a PhD at William and Mary, VA in 2015. modernist salon and little magazine. Jennifer Vanette is a PhD student at Central George Forman Michael Ritchie is a PhD Michigan University, where she also completed a Candidate in the School of History at the University Master’s degree in U.S. History. Jennifer’s main research interest is the early Cold War, and ASIB of St Andrews. His thesis is a response to the ‘hearts particularly the ways in which religion and politics

and minds’ school of Vietnam War historiography. 110 intersected. Her current research is on American George completed an MA Hons and MLitt at the

Jews during that time period and the prevalence of Winter 2014 University of Aberdeen from 2007 to 2012. anti-Semitism in spite of a growing push towards pluralism. Igor Shabanov is interested in estrangement as a theme in Saul Bellow’s narrative fiction. Mark Walker is a PhD candidate in History at the University of Essex. Following his BA, Mark was Natalie Shimwell is currently at Keele University, awarded a Graduate Assistantship in order to earn researching the dialectic of 9/11 in relation to an MA at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, VA narratives of trauma that have emerged in its wake. where he specialised in 20th-century US foreign policy and African American history. Mark is Angela Sparks is writing a PhD thesis on the currently researching how royal deaths in Britain children’s fiction of Native American author Louise were received and commemorated in the American Erdrich and the ways in which indigenous fiction for colonies. children can aid in the construction and continuation of indigenous identity and language. Penny Wild is Assistant Head at King Alfred School. She writes: “We would like to see our school Joanna Stolarek is an Assistant Professor at develop links with BAAS to enable our students and Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and colleagues to take advantage of the wonderful Humanities. Joanna, whose post-doctoral research is opportunities it offers. As the Head of Department devoted to American Studies, is a regular participant at King Alfred School we were able to build the at UK conferences. profile of the History & Politics Department to its current point as the most successful and popular one WELCOMING NEW MEMBERS OF BAAS OF MEMBERS NEW WELCOMING Jonathan Sudholt is a graduate student at in the school. Many of our students continue on to Brandeis University (Waltham, Massachusetts) study American Studies at university or a variant of completing a dissertation on the resistance to this. We take full advantage of the Eccles Centre’s proximity to the school and would be keen to do the conventional sentimentalism in four antebellum same with anything that BAAS could offer us.” American sentimental novels. Jonathan’s research 32 A REPORT FROM URSZULA NIEWIADOMSKA-FLIS ASIB

110

(JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC Winter 2014 UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN, POLAND) BAAS/Eccles Centre Award Recipient 2014

n 2013 I was awarded an Eccles Centre Visiting becomes the locus of both assimilation and ethnic European Fellowship in North American Studies which dissent. The body image of Latina women constitutes Iafforded me the wonderful opportunity to conduct a another theoretical angle, therefore I chose to address the month’s research at the British Library the following issue of how and why both plump, clinically obese summer. I believe that the time at my disposal was women and anorexic, bulimic women fit, don’t fit or are sufficient for me to conduct my research into foodways trying to fit into the American ideal of feminine beauty. and identity in US Latina Literature. The hunger for this ideal of beauty and for belonging to America come together in the writings of Josephina The observation that, in woman’s writing, food serves to Lopez and Cristina Garcia. The third perspective on the symbolise both the continuity and the change in gender/ literary use of foodways concerns culinary/sexual sexual relations, as well as in the social restrictions of race passions. Because Latinas attempt to subdue oppressive and ethnicity constituted the basic premise of my domestic space through challenging oppressive culinary research. Because food production and food rituals hold practices/culture, I decided to explore the strong such primacy in woman’s writing, I decided to explore connection between heteronormative cultural US Latina literature (the largest US ethnic minority) to assumptions about food, sexuality, and identity in the analyse how female writers define their gender, ethnic writings of Carla Trujillo, Terri de la Peña, as well as identity, regional community and sexual preference Carmen de Monteflores. according to foodways. The aim of my research was to analyse how Latina writers endow food-related activities As the repositories of the British Library abound in with subversive characteristics, and how the kitchen material crucial to my academic research, the Eccles assists heroines of ethnic fiction in their quest to assert fellowship made it possible for me to study the most their gender, ethnic, sexual and racial identity. My important and the most recently published critical works interest in literary foodways as a social/cultural stance is in my field. I was able to access all the material I had threefold. The first perspective traces how Latina identified via the online catalogue, and to significantly characters either experience spatial displacement and extend the list itself. I believe that I suffered from the express nostalgic desires through culinary practices, or ‘child-in-a-candy-store’ syndrome. Dazzled by the variety else align themselves with mainstream white America and amount of books, I was requesting, piling up, through their food choices. In other words, how the browsing through and reading books like a child with consumption of food in the fiction of Denise Chavez, their mouth full of sweets, yet unable to resist putting Esmeralda Santiago, Ana Castillo, and Sandra Cisneros their hand into yet another candy jar. 33 This sampling led me to an interesting discovery. I found Latino presence in the South, confirmed that Latinos/as ASIB Rethinking Chicana/o Literature Through Food: Postnational are continuing to negotiate their ethnic identity through

110 Appetites, edited by Nieves Pascual Soler and Meredith E. foodways in a new culinary hybrid phenomenon – Southern

Winter 2014 Abarca, which was published six months prior to my Latino cuisine. residency at the British Library. The table of contents of the book both fascinated and scared me. The areas of Whilst researching the ethnic diversity of the American research covered by the chapters in the book overlapped South, I ventured into another area of research. I significantly with mine. On the one hand, it rendered my discovered another vocal minority which expressed its research somehow repetitive, if not redundant; on the distinctiveness through foodways – namely Southern Jews, other, the analyses offered by prominent literary scholars whose writings were previously unknown to me. Similarly in Rethinking Chicana/o Literature Through Food confirmed the to Latinas, for Southern Jewish women preparing and importance of the preliminary assumptions included in consuming food has always been an act of self-creation. my own research project. Tova Mirvis (in her fiction), Helen Jacobus Apte, Stella Suberman and Edward Cohen (in their memoirs) have A conversation with Professor Philip Davies confirmed for voiced their concerns about assimilation and me my conviction that this situation offered me the distinctiveness through their culinary habits. The breadth opportunity to revise my original research project. The of significant critical materials enabled me to study the initial general intent to analyse how Latina writers endow Jewish presence in the South through culinary lenses. food-related activities with subversive characteristics remained unchanged. I still intended to address the issue The possibility to attend other events at the British of the kitchen as gendered space, and analyse how women Library, such as the symposium The Civil Rights Act 50 Years use culinary narratives as a podium to speak out against On, was “the cherry on top”. It offered a stimulating racism and class prejudice and/or to voice their concerns environment for academic discussions for those interested about assimilation or dislocation. However, I decided to in North American history, whilst Comics Unmasked, the change the focal point of my analysis to the concerns of UK’s biggest comics exhibition to date, afforded an race, class and gender relations negotiated through interesting break from my research routine. I would also foodways by Latinos/as in the American South. In like to thank Cara Rodway for inviting me to give a talk contradistinction to the voluminous research about within the Summer Scholars Seminar Series at the British Latinos/as living in and writing about their experience in Library. It is a brilliant idea to create a forum for fellows the (south)-western and northern states, relatively little has to share their passion, enthusiasm and expertise with been said about the cultural and literary production of those with similarly inquisitive minds. I attended a this ethnic minority which settled below the Mason-Dixon fascinating seminar given by Mary Chapman about line. An analysis of their affirmation of their cultural “Gertrude Stein: Suffragist, Librettist, Modernist, or Nazi diversity seems especially pertinent, especially if we bear Collaborator?”. In my own Summer Scholars talk “The in mind the growing numbers of Mexicans, Puerto Ricans Semiotics of Foodways and Identity in American Movies” and Cubans choosing the Southern states as their final I examined how food practices and beliefs reinforce and destination (the term the Nuevo New South speaks volumes). resist the constructions of ethnic, racial and class identities Of particular use in my research were the most recent in America. The talk enjoyed a lively interaction with the sociological and cultural studies of Latinos in the South. audience afterwards, thanks to which I learned about the The British Library holdings, which enhanced my function of KFC coupons in China, amongst many other understanding of the historical and contextual facts of topics raised in the follow-up discussion. 34 ASIB

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the 110 British Association for American Studies, the Canadian

Winter 2014 Association for American Studies, and the Eccles Centre at the British Library without whose generous support I would not have been able to proceed satisfactorily with my research. I could not have continued this book-length project without the material and ideas generated during my stay at the British Library. The Eccles Centre Visiting Fellowship had profound influence on my research, as the resources which the Fellowship gave me access to allowed me to not only modify and widen the scope of my study, but also to make it more up-to-date by reflecting the most recent trends in ethnic American literatures. I am most grateful to Professor Philip Davies and Cara Rodway for being so welcoming and accommodating. Their administrative help cannot be overstated. I would also like to thank them for making me aware of the magnitude of the logistics involved in fetching books stacked in Boston Spa for requests made in the St. Pancras reading room. The magnitude of an enterprise such as the British Library is awe-inspiring.

I will strongly encourage fellow Americanists from Polish academia to consult the British Library repositories and to apply for an Eccles Fellowship.

– Urszula Niewiadomska-Fl

35 ASIB

A REPORT FROM EMILY WEST 110

(UNIVERSITY OF READING) Winter 2014 BAAS/Eccles Centre Award Recipient 2014 he Eccles Centre for American Studies at the British and Janet Golden (1996) who both explore wetnursing Library granted me a fellowship for the 2013-14 more broadly across time and space. These works often T academic year to research my project on the extent and stress the subservience of wetnurses as women of inferior nature of enslaved wetnursing in the antebellum USA. status to the mothers who used them. Modern day This topic has never systematically been researched by medical studies including Jan Riordan and Kathleen G. historians of US slavery, despite the fact that wetnursing Auerbach (1993), and Patricia Stuart-McAdam and represents the point at which the dual exploitation of Katherine Dettwyler (1995) suggest wetnursing presents enslaved women and labourers and reproducers some advantages, but also some dangers to nurses and intersects. Moreover, while white reminisces of slavery infant children. Benefits include optimum nutrition, the present rather a benign, intimate picture of wetnursing in digestibility of milk, and immunologic protection, but which black women helped nurture strong white children, wetnursing may also result in the transmission of especially during the post-Civil War ‘lost cause’ era, the infections caused by viruses and bacteria. Moreover, reality is much more exploitative. The research I nurses also feeding their own children may struggle to undertook during my Eccles Centre fellowship suggests maintain an optimum milk supply. Overall, since many white women instead used enslaved wetnurses at wetnursing in the past has involved women in unequal their own convenience to reduce the demands their own power relationships, modern day concerns about the infants placed upon them. Well-aware of the financial practice are largely shaped by concerns about women’s value of their chattel, whites also used slave wetnurses to past exploitation on racial or class grounds. sustain orphaned enslaved infants, or to provide ‘extra’ nutrition for those failing to thrive. Enslaved women’s During my fellowship I collated my primary evidence in wetnursing therefore provides a unique prism through two main areas. The first involved reading through the which one can explore issues of power, health, and two supplementary series of George P. Rawick’s The sexuality, and their relationship to gender, race and class American Slave: A Composite Autobiography while searching for within an era of evolving medical thought and awareness references to enslaved wetnurses made by formerly of the profitability of enslaved infants. My research at the enslaved people. These supplementary series are not British Library hence allowed me to consolidate my available electronically via the Library of Congress, and primary research into this topic, where I explored both nor does wetnursing appear in Donald M. Jacobs’ Index to quantitative and qualitative evidence relating to the American Slave (1981). Although this process proved antebellum enslaved wetnursing. rather time-consuming, and the amount of evidence fairly scant, I was, nevertheless, able to collate all Wetnursing has only briefly been considered by some references to enslaved wetnursing made by the WPA historians of female slavery in the USA, including Sally interviewees using all volumes of the narratives, including McMillen (1990) and Marie Jenkins-Schwartz (2006). It those available electronically. has also been raised in the work of Valerie Fildes (1988), 36 ASIB I also found rarer examples of white women wetnursing with my project. I have, alongside my PhD student, Rosie enslaved babies, for example when slave mothers died or Knight, additionally been exploring enslaved wetnursing 110

were otherwise unable to feed their babies themselves. as depicted in various other primary sources, including Winter 2014 This crucial evidence will allow me to build up a more published autobiographies and reminiscences by black ‘composite’ profile of slave wetnurses from an enslaved and white southerners. We are now beginning to write a perspective on the plantations, farms, and homes of white co-authored article on the topic, which we intend to southerners, including their ages, marital status, and other submit to a major journal, and we have agreed to present forms of labour they performed for whites. I shall also papers on our project at various seminars and attempt to track any regional differences in patterns of conferences. enslaved wetnursing, including any differences between more urban and rural locales in my subsequent research. My interest in enslaved wetnursing has also now grown beyond the geographical confines of the United States, The second strand of my fellowship involved exploring especially as the subject has received significant attention advertisements for wetnurses in early American by historians of Brazilian slavery. While researching at the newspapers, concentrating on the antebellum era, using British Library I hence made contact with other historians the British Library’s Early American Newspapers of enslaved women across the Atlantic world, and we have database (Series 1, 1690-1876). The collection contains since successfully applied for an AHRC network grant to microfilm editions of many historical American explore enslaved motherhood more broadly in a newspapers, including many from Southern states, across comparative Atlantic context. Led by Dr Diana Paton both urban and rural locales. My preliminary research (Newcastle University) with myself as co-I along with suggests antebellum Southern slaveholders’ frequently Professor Maria-Helena Machado (University of Sao advertised for wetnurses, either enslaved or free, Paulo) and Dr Camillia Cowling (University of Warwick) particularly in Southern towns and cities where the ‘hiring we will continue to examine enslaved women’s out’ of slaves was more common than on rural experiences of motherhood through bringing together plantations. So it appears that those who held women in various historians working on motherhood, childlessness, bondage could not always find a wetnurse from their own and the care of children in Atlantic slave societies at a enslaved people. Also significant here is the common series of events in the UK and Brazil through 2015-16. language employed by those seeking wetnurses, who My Eccles Centre Fellowship has therefore had important typically wanted ‘young women’ without their own implications for my future research plans, and I am children (presumably because these women had tragically extremely grateful to the Centre for funding my project. lost their own offspring). Finally, I was surprised to find so I’d like to extend my special thanks to Phil Davies for many advertisements by women seeking ‘positions’ as taking an interest in my topic and making me feel so wetnurses within people’s homes. This suggests the ability welcome in the British Library. to provide breast milk was regarded by some black southern women as a commodity to be used as a – Emily Wet bargaining tool when seeking to improve their quality of life.

Although I now need to spend more time analysing my findings from the WPA testimony and newspaper evidence, I now have a solid body of material to proceed 37 A REPORT FROM RACHEL HERRMANN (UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON) BAAS/Eccles Centre Award Recipient 2014 uring my month at the Eccles Centre, I made good I feel as if I have a better sense of how sea and river progress on my second book project, ‘Aquatic travels took place. Naval officers and their men voyaging D Foodways,’ and I undertook a revision and resubmission to Sierra Leone were instructed not ‘to lie on Shore, or of an article for my first book project. I decided to revise to drink Palm wine.’ River travelers in Sierra Leone the article during my month at the British Library could row about seven miles per hour in a canoe. That because I ended up presenting the research on it for my time did not take into account the minutes and Summer Scholars seminar. I received useful feedback on sometimes hours spent wading through mud to board a my work on black Loyalists in Sierra Leone, and canoe that they had tied up on a bank at high tide. They decided to spend a week or so making use of the had to be careful at night, when their ‘ears were numerous secondary source books on provisioning frequently annoyed by the hollow growling of Aligators.’ available at the library. In fact, I am certain that I could write a whole chapter or article on the difficulties of travel by canoe in various For the remainder of my time, I began research for locations around the world.

ASIB ‘Aquatic Foodways.’ I began with some of the Sierra

110 Leone manuscripts with which I was most familiar from This background information has yielded useful

Winter 2014 my first project: the collection of papers relative to information about how and what people ate when Sierra Leone. From there, I shifted my attention to the crossing water. Indigenous peoples on an island off the maritime history of the Great Lakes, looking at various coast of Peru planted no grain, but kept a stock of letters to and from Frederick Haldimand, letters from provisions to trade with ships. The island of Juan officers of the provincial navy of Canada, and the Fernandes, near Chile, offered fresh fish, cabbage, and correspondence of Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Boulden goats. After being kidnapped from the interior of Africa, Thompson (Comptroller of the Navy). I spent my last ‘Eboe’ slaves preferred to eat yams on the middle two weeks examining various rare books, including passage, whereas those taken from the Windward and Alexander Falconbridge’s An Account of the Slave Trade, Gold Coasts wanted corn or rice. Everyone seemed to Thomas Clarkson’s The Substance of the Evidence of Sundry evince a universal hatred for ‘horse beans.’ The tortoises Persons on the Slave-Trade, Edward Cooke’s A Voyage to the along the coast of Brazil were deemed ‘not very good to South Sea, and Round the World, and the edited eat’ because of their overpowering taste. Sharks also Collection of Voyages. I have left the British Library with ‘taste[d] strong,’ especially older ones, but went ‘down over fifty typed pages of notes. well enough with the Sea-men.’ Although penguin tended to taste ‘fishy,’ men consumed it ‘for Want of This research has yielded several themes that I intend to better Food.’ Manatee tail, on the other hand, was ‘most pursue as I move on to a wider examination of sources. esteem’d,’ but the ‘Head and Tail’ were ‘very tough.’ 38 I found new evidence of food functioning as a peaceful Barbados. There are glimpses of evidence of sailors ASIB means of communication, as well as a violent one. On the begging slaves for food, and a case of a black cook who,

110 west coast of Africa every trader boarding a ship from a suspected of encouraging the slaves to rise, was chained to

Winter 2014 canoe expected a dram of alcohol. Instructions to the main-mast head and then slowly starved. potential captains suggested that it was common practice to adulterate (or ‘dash’) alcohol with water, and warned In short, although I remain uncertain of the exact that captains should prevent Africans from ‘frequenting structure of this project, I have a better sense of the your Cabin’ because if the captain ‘set down to a good sources that are out there. Many remain at the British meal,’ the African traders ‘must partake with you, or may Library, where I will return throughout the course of the be affronted, which will injure your trade.’ The English year. Others reside in the United States and Britain, and ran into the Portuguese while the former were trying to bibliographies on repository in the British Library’s catch sea turtles near Santa Lucia, off the coast of Africa. reading room have pointed me in useful directions in this Indigenous peoples near Panama lured the English to respect. I am enthusiastic about pursuing future research, their town with promises of beef cattle, and then and remain very grateful to the Eccles Centre for the informed the Spanish of their arrival. Spaniards then opportunity to begin my research in London. burned English canoes. The English employed Mosquito Indians from the area between Honduras and Nicaragua to kill tortoises and manatees. The extent of indigenous – Rachel Herrmann power cannot be understated; the English had to let them fish where they wanted, lest their fishermen purposely miss their marks and let the sailors go hungry. All of these observations have given me a much better sense of how food exchanges worked in the early modern Atlantic, and in some cases, as far as the Pacific coast of South America, Japan, and China.

This project is starting to take definitive shape. Ultimately, I have become very interested in the parallel between horrible slave diets and the hunger of sailors—perhaps best exemplified by the evidence I found of a free black seamen who was punished by being beaten by the very rice-cooking implement that he used to prepare food for the slaves on board the slave ship! In Thomas Clarkson’s collection of evidence on the slave trade, he frequently made the connection between sailors’ scanty rations and slaves’ hunger. Authors talked about methods of torturing and force-feeding slaves who refused to eat on the middle passage. Multiple writers discussed the existence of ‘wharfingers,’ or sailors who, too drunk or too tired of abuse to make it back to their ships once they docked in the Caribbean, starved by the water in Jamaica and 39 A REPORT FROM ASIB 110 Winter 2014 MARTIN THORNTON (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS) BAAS/Eccles Centre Award Recipient 2014 n July and August I began a topic of study on Canadians, first enquiries appeared to suggest that volumes were having Cliveden and the First World War. This interest derived from quite a lot of restoration work and thus unavailable to the Ia previous academic interest in Lady Nancy Astor. The public, archivist Jo Maddox (Humanities Reading Room) Cliveden estate of Nancy and Waldorf Astor served as the came to the rescue. Through part of the Library’s ‘European Duchess of Connaught Canadian Military Hospital and the 1914-18 project’ thirty-six issues of the Chronicles of Cliveden base of No 15 Canadian General Hospital during the First have been recently digitised and these were made available to World War. Although disassembled after the war, another me. hospital was recreated on the grounds in the Second World Dr Philip Hatfield curator of Canadian and Caribbean War. Despite this being a First World War hospital for Empire collections suggested there was a Canadian connection to a forces the Duchess of Connaught Canadian Hospital convalescent home that was set up in Bushy Park during the particularly represented a burgeoning Canadian identification First World War. Not only was this correct, but there was a with a new national identity and representation abroad. Cliveden connection as beds and materials were provided The British Library is a source of information for this topic, from the Duchess of Connaught Canadian Hospital for the but exists alongside the National Archives (Kew), Imperial enterprise at Bushy. One source often leads to another and War Museum, Red Cross Archives, Welcome Trust, Reading some useful references led to two Ph.D. s produced at University Archives and the Library and Archives Canada. University College London, a short walk across the road from Simple searches of the British Library catalogue of ‘Canada the British Library. My visits to London coincided nicely with and the First World War’ produced 389 general links, of the opening of the large First World War galleries at the which 128 were ‘requests’ to the Reading Room, 36 online Imperial War Museum and the temporary ‘Truth and Reading Room sources and 25 directly online. A similar Memory British Art of the First World War’ exhibition (19 search for Canadians and the First World War produced 15 July 2014 – 8 March 2015). Of course the British Library ‘requests’ to the Reading Room and 14 online sources. The itself has been contributing towards commemorating the general numbers were reduced after the obvious cross- centenary of the First World War, developing a rather good referencing against sources at the University of Leeds on-line display of archive material. Alongside this has been Brotherton Library. It seems at least two obvious points can the ‘Enduring war: Grief, Grit and Humour’ exhibition in the be derived from the general list of Canadian sources: firstly, Folio Society Gallery, a small but excellent exhibition due to the British Library carries a number of books published in close shortly. Canada and is much more than a depository for British Like the old cliché from the First World War, this research will published books; and secondly, the British Library has been not be over by Christmas and is a substantial and on-going hard at work putting First World War material online to process. In the meantime, my thanks go to all those who coincide with its significant anniversary. helped to facilitate the financing of this scheme, but also At one point I thought part of my research on Cliveden might Professor Philip Davies of The Eccles Centre for American be ‘hijacked’ by the British Library’s conservation Studies, Dr Philip Hatfield and Jo Maddocks at the British programme. I was hoping to look at the Chronicles of Cliveden Library. newsletters produced at the hospital during the First World War. These were designed to be informative and enlivening, if – Main ornton40 not as satirical, as for example, the Ypres Times. Although my A REPORT FROM ASIB 110 Winter 2014 MELISSA J. HOMESTEAD (UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA- LINCOLN, USA) BAAS/Eccles Centre Award Recipient 2014 am grateful for the award of a BAAS Eccles Centre Cooper's The Headsman. The decision in this lawsuit, Bentley fellowship that allowed me to conduct research for a cluster v. Foster, has been, I believe, misconstrued in copyright and I of essays on American novelist Catharine Sedgwick in publishing history, and I anticipate writing a separate essay transatlantic social and cultural contexts. Most of my time on the case and on cheap editions of Cooper. Although was devoted to research for an essay forthcoming in the most of the Bentley Manuscripts are available on microfilm, Yearbook of English Studies, “American Novelist Catharine working with the original bound volumes of manuscripts Sedgwick Negotiates British Copyright, 1822-1857,” in proved invaluable for making sense of the nature of the which I track Sedgwick’s complex negotiations with British documents, especially the legal ones. The month I was able publishers over the course of decades during which the to spend at British Library because of the Eccles Center rights of American authors under British copyright shifted fellowship will enable me to present a much richer and more repeatedly. Six years ago, I spent a few days at the British complex picture of the circulation of reprints of American Library conducting preliminary research on British editions authors' works in the U.K. before the 1850s than has been of Sedgwick’s works, and my month in residence allowed me previously represented in scholarship.

to spend a great deal more time examining the many British Working on a recently recovered woman author has its editions of her works brought out by dozens of publishers, challenges. For example, I spent a fair amount of time including very scarce cheap editions brought without her untangling old mis-cataloging of British editions of authorization. Indeed, although my primary interest was, at Sedgwick’s works. I also know that Sedgwick corresponded the start, in Sedgwick's control over British editions, I began with many British cultural figures both before and after her to understand the scope and importance of unauthorized one trip to England during her European tour of reprints in the 1830s and 40s was much greater than I had 1839-1840, and I had hoped to find letters. I feel quite anticipated. certain that many Sedgwick letters are in libraries and The British Library has matchless resources in British archives in the U.K., but that they have not been properly publishing history, and I consulted manuscript collections identified and cataloged (indeed, I did manage to uncover (especially the Bentley Manuscripts), general and book trade two Sedgwick letters at the British Library I missed periodicals, and copies of other books published by the same previously because of confusing cataloging). In particular, firms that published her works, all to better reconstruct the for an essay on the epistolary friendship of Sedgwick and circumstances under which British editions of her works Mary Russell Mitford, I had hoped to find the originals of were published and how they circulated in the British Sedgwick's letters to Mitford that were published in several market. I became particularly interested in two cheap serial 19th-century collections of Mitford's correspondence. Their publishers of the late 1830s who issued Sedgwick's novels in whereabouts remains a mystery, however. penny or two-penny parts and one of whom, the publisher of The Novelist, was a defendant in a copyright lawsuit – Melsa J. Hometead concerning an unauthorized reprint of James Fenimore 41 ASIB

A REPORT FROM 110

COLL THRUSH (UBC, CANADA) Winter 2014 BAAS/Eccles Centre Award Recipient 2014

am writing to report on my research activities during this 1676, the same year that his people were embroiled in a academic year, during which I have been an Eccles Centre genocidal war with the colonies of New England. IFellow in North American Studies at the British Library. • Catalogues and other materials having to do with the My book project is a history of London framed through now-defunct Leverian Museum, which two Eora men from the experiences of Indigenous people who travelled there, Australia visited in 1793. Their story functions as another willingly or otherwise, from territories that became interlude. Canada, the United States, New Zealand, and Australia, beginning in 1502 and ending in the early twenty-first • Materials related to several groups of Anishnaabe or century. Each chapter of the book is focused on what I call Ojibwe performers who visited London in the 1840s, most a “domain of entanglement.” notably those associated with artist, entrepreneur, and proto-ethnographer George Catlin. These performers Through these domains – knowledge, disorder, reason, appear in the introduction to the book, to illustrate the ritual, discipline, and memory – as well as short interludes ways in which Indigenous travellers to the city were highly that focus on particular objects (a mirror, a debtor’s visible and produced significant archival materials. petition, a statue, a lost museum, a hat factory, and a coat covered in toy skeletons) – I argue that Indigenous and • Primary and secondary literature having to do with urban histories are not only linked but mutually Maori and Hawaiian visitors during the first two thirds of constitutive. This is intended as an intervention in the nineteenth century, who are the focus of a chapter dominant discourses that see these two fields as either dealing with the intersection of Indigenous and urban irrelevant to each other or, perhaps worse yet, mutually rituals of hospitality, death, friendship, and sociability. This exclusive. research also involved looking into materials on Regency and Victorian etiquette and manners. In all, I have spent a total of close to three and half months in London – seven weeks in October and • Materials related to the culture of pedestrianism, cricket, November of 2013 and a little over six weeks in March and rugby during the late nineteenth and early twentieth and April of 2014 (I am leaving at the end of next week). century, when a series of Indigenous performers from During those periods, I used the Library’s collections for North America, Australia, and New Zealand arrived in the research on the following topics: city to much acclaim and anxiety. They form the basis of a chapter on the disciplining of bodies, taking place during a • Petitions from debtor’s prisons during the late seventeenth time when, at the very height of empire, social theorists, century, to inform an interlude about a debtor’s petition novelists, clergy, educators, and others were deeply from a Nipmuck man who was imprisoned for debt in concerned about the extent to which urbanised 42 ASIB 110 Winter 2014 and suburbanised English bodies would be able to compete with Indigenous ones.

• “Deep histories” of particular places that Indigenous travellers visited and/or inhabited during their time in London. These include Westminster Palace, Westminster Abbey, the parish church of St Olave Hart Street, the squares of the West End, sports venues in Blackheath and Hackney, and a hat factory in Oxford Street.

As you can see, my research ranged across much of the book’s content, rather than focusing tightly on just one aspect of it. Only an institution like the British Library would have been able to support such an approach. Thanks in large part to the support provided by this fellowship, I am on track to complete a first draft of the full book manuscript by the end of summer 2014. My contract with Yale University Press requires me to turn in the full, completed manuscript no later than December 1, 2015, giving me more than a year to revise. The current expected publication date is early 2017. Thank you again for this important opportunity, which has been so central to my project.

– Col ru

43 ASIB

110 2015 TERRA Winter 2014 FOUNDATION ACADEMIC AWARDS, FELLOWSHIPS & GRANTS

A wide range of Terra Foundation academic awards, fellowships, and grants help scholars in the field of American art realize their academic and professional goals and support the worldwide study and presentation of historical art of the United States.

For a complete listing of Terra Foundation academic awards, fellowships, and grant opportunities, please visit terraamericanart.org.

44 ASIB

IN CELEBRATION OF THE 110

ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE BRITISH Winter 2014 ASSOCIATION FOR AMERICAN STUDIES, THIS PAGE RECORDS THE DISTINGUISHED INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE CHAIRED THE ASSOCIATION AND/OR EARNED ITS HONORARY FELLOWSHIP SINCE 1955.

CHAIRS HONORARY FELLOWS

Frank Thistlethwaite (1955–59) Philip Davies (1998–2004) 2009: Richard H. King (Nottingham)

Herbert Nicholas (1959–62) Simon Newman (2004–2007) 2009: Mick Gidley (Leeds)

Marcus Cunliffe (1962–65) Heidi Macpherson (2007–2010) 2010: M. J. Heale (Lancaster)

Esmond Wright (1965–68) Martin Halliwell (2010–13) 2011: Helen Taylor (Exeter)

Maldwyn Jones (1968–71) Sue Currell (2013–) 2012: Susan Castillo (King's College London) George (Sam) Shepperson (1971– 74) 2013: Tony Badger (Cambridge)

Harry Allen (1974–77)

Peter Parish (1977–80)

Dennis Welland (1980–83)

Charlotte Erickson (1983–86)

Howard Temperley (1986–89)

Bob Burchell (1989–92)

Richard King (1992–95)

Judie Newman (1995–98)

45 ASIB

110 CREDITS Winter 2014

Image flyer of the British Association for American Image of a Birmingham tower (p.4). Attribution Studies 60th Anniversary Conference (p. 3). Kal Ashraf. Hosted at Flickr (flickr.com/kalashraf). Courtesy, Northumbria University. Date of access: Date of access: 07.11.14. 29.10.14.

Image of Newcastle Quayside with bridges, UK (p. 2). With full attribution and thanks to ‘Neurolysis’ and Wilka Hudson. Image used under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license. Hosted at the Wikimedia Commons (http:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Newcastle_Quayside_with_bridges.jpg). Date of access: 16.11.14.

CONTACTS

ASIB is designed and edited by Kal Ashraf. Email and an upper limit of 600. For consistency, British [email protected]. Feedback about the English spellings are preferred. Books, journals or publication is encouraged. magazines named in the article should be italicised. Thus Native Son, Journal of American To contribute a research report to ASIB, please Studies, The New Yorker. Titles of journal articles adhere to the following editorial guidelines should be placed in single inverted commas. regarding house style. Travel and research report articles should aim for a lower limit of 500 words

BAAS.AC.UK 46