DOCSLIB.ORG

Polyacetylenic Compounds from Atractylodes Rhizomes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Polyacetylenic Compounds from Atractylodes Rhizomes 大韓本草學會誌 제31권 제5호(2016년 9월) ISSN 1229-1765(Print), ISSN 2288-7199(Online) Kor. J. Herbol. 2016；31(5)：25-39 http://dx.doi.org/10.6116/kjh.2016.31.5.25. Polyacetylenic compounds from Atractylodes rhizomes Jung-Hoon Kim*# Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University ABSTRACT Objectives : Atractylodes rhizomes, which have been widely used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, consist of numerous chemical compounds. Polyacetylenes are the parts of characteristic compounds of importance required to understand the therapeutic properties of Atractylodes rhizomes. It is necessary to understand the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of polyacetylenes in the Atractylodes rhizomes. Methods : The literatures from 1970 to January 2016 were searched using Korean and international electronic databases. The chemical structures of polyacetylenes were drawn by structure-drawing software. Results : The reported polyacetylenes were classified by their chemical skeletons and original resources, and their physicochemical and pharmacological features were discussed. Polyacetylenes with skeletal moieties were reported, such as diene–diyne types (two double and two triple carbon-bonds), triene–diyne types (three double carbon bonds and two triple carbon bonds), and monoene–diyne types (one double carbon bonds and two double carbon bonds), with various functional groups. Atractylodin was most frequently reported from many Atractylodes species. Atractylodin-related polyacetylenes showed chemical instability in both high and freezing temperatures. Processing of the Atractylodes rhizomes by stir-frying with bran could affect the contents of polyacetylenes and their bioavailability in vivo. Several polyacetylenes showed structure-related anti-inflammatory activities and gastrointestinal activities. Conclusion : Polyacetylene compounds in Atractylodes rhizomes were based on three chemical backbones and showed diverse physicochemical and pharmacological features. The present study provides structural, physicochemical, and pharmacological information of polyacetylene from Atractylodes rhizomes. This information provides fundamental data for further research. 1) Key words : Atractylodes rhizome, polyacetylene, chemical structure, physicochemical properties, pharmacological properties Ⅰ. Introduction as Baekchul2). Atractylodes rhizomes contain diverse chemical The dried rhizomes of genus Atractylodes (family: compounds such as polyacetylenes, sesquiterpenes, and Asteraceae) plants, which have been classified into essential oils, and those compounds are thought to “Baekchul” and “Changchul”, have been used to treat exert the pharmacological effect of the rhizomes3–5). Of wind-phlegm-caused headache, diarrhea, and those compounds, polyacetylenes and sesquiterpenes 1) phlegm-induced digestive disorders . In the Korean most occurred in Atractylodes rhizomes; however, the pharmacopeia, four species of Atractylodes rhizomes occurrences of compounds and the presentation of are used as Changchul or Baekchul: the rhizomes of A. chemical structures were insufficiently arranged by lancea DC. (AL) and A. chinensis Koidz. (AC) are each Atractylodes species6). registered as Changchul; and those of A. macrocephala Polyacetylene (or polyethyne by the IUPAC name) Koidz. (AM) and A. japonica Koidz.(AJ) are registered consists of polymerization of acetylene, a alkyne-type *#Corresponding and First author : Jung-Hoon Kim. Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea ·Tel：+82-51-510-8456 ·Fax : +82-51-510-8420 ·E-mail : [email protected] ·Received：28 June 2016 ·Revised：10 August 2016 ·Accepted：20 September 2016 26 大 韓 本 草 學 會 誌 ― Vol. 31 No. 5, 2016 hydrocarbon, with a chain of olefin groups repeated, “Changzhu”, “Baizhu”, “Sojutsu”, “Byakujutsu”, “Atractylodes and possesses long carbon chains with alternating rhizome”, “Atractylodes macrocephala”, “Atractylodes single and double bonds of either cis or trans japonica”, “Atractylodes lancea”, “Atractylodes chinensis”, geometry7). Hydrogen atoms can be attached at “Atractylodes ovata”, and “Atractylodes koreana” conjugated carbon atoms and they can also be replaced Studies in accordance with the following criteria by a functional group8). were included: 1) original articles (not review articles; Therefore, in this study, the chemical structures of 2) medicinal part is the rhizome of Atractylodes plant; polyacetylenes were classified by their chemical 3) polyacetylenes were isolated or analyzed using analytical backbones and the species of genus Atractylodes where tools from Atractylodes rhizomes; 4) chemical names the compounds were contained was presented. including International Union of Pure and Applied Additionally, phytochemical characteristics of those Chemistry (IUPAC) names or chemical structures of compounds were also discussed through extraction or polyacetylenes were presented; and 5) no language processing. Thereafter, their pharmacological activities limitation. could be understood. Chemical structures were manually drawn using ChemDraw software (v. Ultra 10.0; Cambridge Soft, Cambridge, MA, USA). If necessary, author amended Ⅱ. Materials and methods incorrect chemical structures or names in the studies. 1. Paper search The literatures from 1970 to January 2016 were Ⅲ. Results and discussion searched using a variety of electronic bibliographic databases: Korean databases, including the Korea 1. Diene–diyne types of Atractylodes Education and Research Information Service, National polyacetylenes Discovery for Science Leaders, the Korean Studies Polyacetylenes of diene-diyne types were classified Information Service System, and Korea Institute of into furan-ring-attached, alcohol-attached, acetyl- Science and Technology Information, Korean Traditional attached, and two more functional groups-attached Knowledge Portal, Oriental Medicine Advanced compounds. Seven atractylodin-related acetylenes, Searching Integrated System, KoreaMed, eArticle, and which contained a furan-ring at the terminal carbon, DBpia; Chinese databases including the China National consisted of nine carbons. Another seven polyacetylenes Knowledge Infrastructure; Japanese databases including comprised 14 carbons with double bonds at C-6 and Citation Information from the National Institute of C-12, and triple bonds at C-8 and C-10. Diacetyl Informatics and Japan Science and Technology atractylodiol was acetylene with thirteen carbons and Information Aggregator, Electronic; and electronic (2E,8E)-decadiene-4,6-diyne-1,10-diol-1-O-β global databases including PubMed, Web of Science, -D-glucopyranoside was the only polyacetylene which ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. consisted of 10 carbons and glucopyranose. Of those compounds, atractylodin was most reported in previous 2. Search terms and inclusion criteria reports and was contained in AL, AC, AJ, and AK (A. koreana). However, no diene-diyne types were reported The search terms used in the present study were “창출”, to be contained in AM (Table 1). “백출”, “蒼朮”, “白朮”, “苍术”, “白术”, “Changchul”, “Baekchul”, Table 1: Polyacetylenes of diene–diyne types. Name Structure Origin AL9-36) 19,20,27,28,31-33,36-49) Atractylodin O AC 2-[(1E,7E)-nona-1,7-dien-3,5-diynyl]furan 5' 7 AJ28,36) 28,34,36,38) 1' 1 AK 7 (1Z)-Atractylodin 1 AL49,50) 2-[(1Z,7E)-nona-1,7-dien-3,5-diynyl]furan 1' O 5' Polyacetylenic compounds from Atractylodes rhizomes 27 Name Structure Origin O 5' 1' 1 9-Nor-atractylodin AL13) 7 O 9 2 Atractylodinol 9,17,18,30,31,33) O OH AL (2E,8E)-9-(furan-2-yl)nona-2,8-dien-4,6- 5' 8 AC31,33,37,41) diyn-1-ol 1' 2 8 OH (1Z)-Atractylodinol 50,51) (2E,8Z)-9-(furan-2-yl)nona-2,8-dien-4,6- 1' AL diyn-1-ol O 5' O 2 Acetylatractylodinol 12,17,18,30,31,33) O AL [(2E,8E)-9-(furan-2-yl)nona-2,8-dien-4,6- O 5' 8 AC31,33, 41, 47) diynyl] acetate 1' O 8 2 O (1Z)-Acetylatractylodinol 49) [(2E,8Z)-9-(furan-2-yl)nona-2,8-dien-4,6- 1' AL diynyl] acetate O 5' HO AC51) (6E,12E)-Tetradecadiene-8,10-diyne-1,3-diol 6 AJ52,53) Atractylodes rhizomes54) OH 1 HO 6 (6E,12Z)-Tetradecadiene-8,10-diyne-1,3-diol AC55) OH 1 HO (6Z,12Z)-Tetradecadiene-8,10-diyne-1,3-diol AC55) HO O (6E,12E)-3-Acetoxytetradeca-6,12-dien-8,10- O AC51) diyn-1-ol 6 OH 1 HO 6 (6E,12E)-1-Acetoxytetradeca-6,12-dien-8,10- AC51) diyn-3-ol O 1 O O O 1,4-Acetoxytetradeca-6,12-diene-8,10-diyne AJ56) O O 28 大 韓 本 草 學 會 誌 ― Vol. 31 No. 5, 2016 Name Structure Origin O 5' 1' 1 9-Nor-atractylodin AL13) 7 O 9 2 Atractylodinol 9,17,18,30,31,33) O OH AL (2E,8E)-9-(furan-2-yl)nona-2,8-dien-4,6- 5' 8 AC31,33,37,41) diyn-1-ol 1' 2 8 OH (1Z)-Atractylodinol 50,51) (2E,8Z)-9-(furan-2-yl)nona-2,8-dien-4,6- 1' AL diyn-1-ol O 5' O 2 Acetylatractylodinol 12,17,18,30,31,33) O AL [(2E,8E)-9-(furan-2-yl)nona-2,8-dien-4,6- O 5' 8 AC31,33, 41, 47) diynyl] acetate 1' O 8 2 O (1Z)-Acetylatractylodinol 49) [(2E,8Z)-9-(furan-2-yl)nona-2,8-dien-4,6- 1' AL diynyl] acetate O 5' HO AC51) (6E,12E)-Tetradecadiene-8,10-diyne-1,3-diol 6 AJ52,53) Atractylodes rhizomes54) OH 1 HO 6 (6E,12Z)-Tetradecadiene-8,10-diyne-1,3-diol AC55) OH 1 HO (6Z,12Z)-Tetradecadiene-8,10-diyne-1,3-diol AC55) HO O (6E,12E)-3-Acetoxytetradeca-6,12-dien-8,10- O AC51) diyn-1-ol 6 OH 1 HO 6 (6E,12E)-1-Acetoxytetradeca-6,12-dien-8,10- AC51) diyn-3-ol O 1 O O O 1,4-Acetoxytetradeca-6,12-diene-8,10-diyne AJ56) O O Polyacetylenic compounds from Atractylodes rhizomes 29 Name Structure Origin O O (6E,12E)-Tetradecadiene-8,10-diyne-1,3- AC51) diol diacetate 6 AJ35,52-54,57,58) O 1 O O Diacetyl atractylodiol O O 59,60) [(5E,11E)-3-acetyloxytrideca-5,11-dien-7,9- O AJ diynyl]acetate 5 OH (2E,8E)-Decadiene-4,6-diyne-1,10-diol HO 61) O OH AL 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside HO O OH AL, A. lancea; AC, A.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Molecular Systematics of Genus Atractylodes (Compositae, Cardueae): Evidence from Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and Trnl-F Sequences
    Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 14623-14633; doi:10.3390/ijms131114623 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Article Molecular Systematics of Genus Atractylodes (Compositae, Cardueae): Evidence from Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and trnL-F Sequences Hua-Sheng Peng 1,2, Qing-Jun Yuan 1, Qian-Quan Li 1 and Lu-Qi Huang 1,* 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (H.-S.P.); [email protected] (Q.-J.Y.); [email protected] (Q.-Q.L.) 2 Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-8404-4340. Received: 13 August 2012; in revised form: 26 October 2012 / Accepted: 30 October 2012 / Published: 9 November 2012 Abstract: To determine the evolutionary relationships among all members of the genus Atractylodes (Compositae, Cardueae), we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses of one nuclear DNA (nrDNA) region (internal transcribed spacer, ITS) and one chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) region (intergenic spacer region of trnL-F). In ITS and ITS + trnL-F trees, all members of Atractylodes form a monophyletic clade. Atractylodes is a sister group of the Carlina and Atractylis branch. Atractylodes species were distributed among three clades: (1) A. carlinoides (located in the lowest base of the Atractylodes phylogenetic tree), (2) A. macrocephala, and (3) the A. lancea complex, including A. japonica, A. coreana, A. lancea, A. lancea subsp. luotianensis, and A. chinensis. The taxonomic controversy over the classification of species of Atractylodes is mainly concentrated in the A.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear and Plastid DNA Phylogeny of the Tribe Cardueae (Compositae
    1 Nuclear and plastid DNA phylogeny of the tribe Cardueae 2 (Compositae) with Hyb-Seq data: A new subtribal classification and a 3 temporal framework for the origin of the tribe and the subtribes 4 5 Sonia Herrando-Morairaa,*, Juan Antonio Callejab, Mercè Galbany-Casalsb, Núria Garcia-Jacasa, Jian- 6 Quan Liuc, Javier López-Alvaradob, Jordi López-Pujola, Jennifer R. Mandeld, Noemí Montes-Morenoa, 7 Cristina Roquetb,e, Llorenç Sáezb, Alexander Sennikovf, Alfonso Susannaa, Roser Vilatersanaa 8 9 a Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain 10 b Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB) – Associated Unit to CSIC, Departament de 11 Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de 12 Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra, Spain 13 c Key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 14 Chengdu, China 15 d Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA 16 e Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA (Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine), FR- 17 38000 Grenoble, France 18 f Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, 19 Finland; and Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov str. 20 2, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia 21 22 *Corresponding author at: Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s. n., ES- 23 08038 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Herrando-Moraira). 24 25 Abstract 26 Classification of the tribe Cardueae in natural subtribes has always been a challenge due to the lack of 27 support of some critical branches in previous phylogenies based on traditional Sanger markers.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity and Evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae)
    Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr M.E. Schranz Professor of Biosystematics Wageningen University Other members Prof. Dr P.C. Struik, Wageningen University Dr N. Kilian, Free University of Berlin, Germany Dr R. van Treuren, Wageningen University Dr M.J.W. Jeuken, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences. Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 25 January 2016 at 1.30 p.m. in the Aula. Zhen Wei Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) - from phylogeny to molecular breeding, 210 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2016) With references, with summary in Dutch and English ISBN 978-94-6257-614-8 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 7 Chapter 2 Phylogenetic relationships within Lactuca L. (Asteraceae), including African species, based on chloroplast DNA sequence comparisons* 31 Chapter 3 Phylogenetic analysis of Lactuca L. and closely related genera (Asteraceae), using complete chloroplast genomes and nuclear rDNA sequences 99 Chapter 4 A mixed model QTL analysis for salt tolerance in
    [Show full text]
  • Tracheophyte of Xiao Hinggan Ling in China: an Updated Checklist
    Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e32306 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.7.e32306 Taxonomic Paper Tracheophyte of Xiao Hinggan Ling in China: an updated checklist Hongfeng Wang‡§, Xueyun Dong , Yi Liu|,¶, Keping Ma | ‡ School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China § School of Food Engineering Harbin University, Harbin, China | State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ¶ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Hongfeng Wang ([email protected]) Academic editor: Daniele Cicuzza Received: 10 Dec 2018 | Accepted: 03 Mar 2019 | Published: 27 Mar 2019 Citation: Wang H, Dong X, Liu Y, Ma K (2019) Tracheophyte of Xiao Hinggan Ling in China: an updated checklist. Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e32306. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e32306 Abstract Background This paper presents an updated list of tracheophytes of Xiao Hinggan Ling. The list includes 124 families, 503 genera and 1640 species (Containing subspecific units), of which 569 species (Containing subspecific units), 56 genera and 6 families represent first published records for Xiao Hinggan Ling. The aim of the present study is to document an updated checklist by reviewing the existing literature, browsing the website of National Specimen Information Infrastructure and additional data obtained in our research over the past ten years. This paper presents an updated list of tracheophytes of Xiao Hinggan Ling. The list includes 124 families, 503 genera and 1640 species (Containing subspecific units), of which 569 species (Containing subspecific units), 56 genera and 6 families represent first published records for Xiao Hinggan Ling. The aim of the present study is to document an updated checklist by reviewing the existing literature, browsing the website of National Specimen Information Infrastructure and additional data obtained in our research over the past ten years.
    [Show full text]
  • WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants. Volume 3
    WHO monographs on WHO monographs WHO monographs on WHO published Volume 1 of the WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants, containing 28 monographs, in 1999, and Volume 2 including 30 monographs in 2002. This third volume contains selected an additional collection of 32 monographs describing the quality control and use of selected medicinal plants. medicinal Each monograph contains two parts, the first of which provides plants selected medicinal plants pharmacopoeial summaries for quality assurance purposes, including botanical features, identity tests, purity requirements, Volume 3 chemical assays and major chemical constituents. The second part, drawing on an extensive review of scientific research, describes the clinical applications of the plant material, with detailed pharmacological information and sections on contraindications, warnings, precautions, adverse reactions and dosage. Also included are two cumulative indexes to the three volumes. The WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants aim to provide scientific information on the safety, efficacy, and quality control of widely used medicinal plants; provide models to assist Member States in developing their own monographs or formularies for these and other herbal medicines; and facilitate information exchange among Member States. WHO monographs, however, are Volume 3 Volume not pharmacopoeial monographs, rather they are comprehensive scientific references for drug regulatory authorities, physicians, traditional health practitioners, pharmacists, manufacturers, research scientists
    [Show full text]
  • 15-13-664 Revised
    Pak. J. Bot ., 47(1): 103-107, 2015. KARYOTYPES AND FISH DETECTION OF 5S AND 45S RDNA LOCI IN CHINESE MEDICINAL PLANT ATRACTYLODES LANCEA SUBSP. LUOTIANENSIS : CYTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE NEW TAXONOMIC UNIT YUAN-SHENG DUAN 1, 2 , BIN ZHU 1, SHAO-HUA SHU, ZAI-YUN LI 1 AND MO WANG 1* 1Institute of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China 2College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Polytechnic University, Huanggang 438002, Hubei Province, P.R. China *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +86 27 87280543 Abstract Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. in the Asteraceae family produces the atractylodes rhizome which is widely used as a traditional medicine in China. The subspecies A. lancea (Thunb.) DC subsp. Luotianensis distributed in mountainous Luotian and Yingshan regions in Hubei Province presented distinct morphology and superior medicinal quality. This study firstly reported the chromosome karyotype of this subspecies and the detection of 5S and 45S rDNA loci by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The karyotype was 2 n=24=12m+12sm (2SAT). A single locus of 5S rDNA and two loci of 45S rDNA loci were identified and separated on different chromosomes. Its one pair of the satellited chromosomes rather than two pairs in other Atractylodes species yet still with 2 n=24 occurred likely after its occupation of this geographic location. The evidence of karyotype differentiation of this subspecies native to the area is useful for elucidating the genome structure and identifying chromosomes. Key words: Karyotypes, fish detection, rDNA, Atractylodes lancea, Luotianensis .
    [Show full text]
  • Chloroplast Genome Variation and Phylogenetic Relationships of Atractylodes Species
    Wang et al. BMC Genomics (2021) 22:103 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07394-8 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Chloroplast genome variation and phylogenetic relationships of Atractylodes species Yiheng Wang1†, Sheng Wang1†, Yanlei Liu2, Qingjun Yuan1, Jiahui Sun1* and Lanping Guo1* Abstract Background: Atractylodes DC is the basic original plant of the widely used herbal medicines “Baizhu” and “Cangzhu” and an endemic genus in East Asia. Species within the genus have minor morphological differences, and the universal DNA barcodes cannot clearly distinguish the systemic relationship or identify the species of the genus. In order to solve these question, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes of all species of Atractylodes using high- throughput sequencing. Results: The results indicate that the chloroplast genome of Atractylodes has a typical quadripartite structure and ranges from 152,294 bp (A. carlinoides) to 153,261 bp (A. macrocephala) in size. The genome of all species contains 113 genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA genes and four ribosomal RNA genes. Four hotspots, rpl22-rps19-rpl2, psbM-trnD, trnR-trnT(GGU), and trnT(UGU)-trnL, and a total of 42–47 simple sequence repeats (SSR) were identified as the most promising potentially variable makers for species delimitation and population genetic studies. Phylogenetic analyses of the whole chloroplast genomes indicate that Atractylodes is a clade within the tribe Cynareae; Atractylodes species form a monophyly that clearly reflects the relationship within the genus. Conclusions: Our study included investigations of the sequences and structural genomic variations, phylogenetics and mutation dynamics of Atractylodes chloroplast genomes and will facilitate future studies in population genetics, taxonomy and species identification.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Polyploidization Events Across Asteraceae with Two Nested
    Multiple Polyploidization Events across Asteraceae with Two Nested Events in the Early History Revealed by Nuclear Phylogenomics Chien-Hsun Huang,1 Caifei Zhang,1 Mian Liu,1 Yi Hu,2 Tiangang Gao,3 Ji Qi,*,1, and Hong Ma*,1 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 2Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 3State Key Laboratory of Evolutionary and Systematic Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China *Corresponding authors: E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]. Associate editor: Hideki Innan Abstract Biodiversity results from multiple evolutionary mechanisms, including genetic variation and natural selection. Whole- genome duplications (WGDs), or polyploidizations, provide opportunities for large-scale genetic modifications. Many evolutionarily successful lineages, including angiosperms and vertebrates, are ancient polyploids, suggesting that WGDs are a driving force in evolution. However, this hypothesis is challenged by the observed lower speciation and higher extinction rates of recently formed polyploids than diploids. Asteraceae includes about 10% of angiosperm species, is thus undoubtedly one of the most successful lineages and paleopolyploidization was suggested early in this family using a small number of datasets. Here, we used genes from 64 new transcriptome datasets and others to reconstruct a robust Asteraceae phylogeny, covering 73 species from 18 tribes in six subfamilies. We estimated their divergence times and further identified multiple potential ancient WGDs within several tribes and shared by the Heliantheae alliance, core Asteraceae (Asteroideae–Mutisioideae), and also with the sister family Calyceraceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Medicinal Categorization of Atractylodes Japonica Koidz. by Using Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequencing Analysis and HPLC Fingerprinting Combined with Statistical
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2016, Article ID 2926819, 12 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2926819 Research Article Evaluation of Medicinal Categorization of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. by Using Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequencing Analysis and HPLC Fingerprinting Combined with Statistical Tools Jung-Hoon Kim,1 Eui-Jeong Doh,2,3 and Guemsan Lee2 1 Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea 2Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea 3Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea Correspondence should be addressed to Guemsan Lee; [email protected] Received 9 December 2015; Accepted 14 March 2016 Academic Editor: Salih Mollahaliloglu Copyright © 2016 Jung-Hoon Kim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Atractylodes rhizomes have been used as the herbal medicine “Changchul” or “Baekchul,” according to their clinical purpose, in Korea, China, and Japan. Among the Atractylodes species, the medicinal use of Atractylodes japonica has been controversial, as it is categorized as both Changchul and Baekchul in those countries, and, moreover, parts of the rhizome have been differently used, depending on age of the plant, in Korea. Chromatographic fingerprinting by using HPLC combined with chemometric analyses and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing analysis were conducted to classify and identify 34 crude drugs derived from Atractylodes rhizomes. The identification of the samples, authenticated by their morphological features as A.
    [Show full text]
  • Extremely Low Nucleotide Diversity Among Thirty-Six New Chloroplast Genome Sequences from Aldama (Heliantheae, Asteraceae) and C
    Extremely low nucleotide diversity among thirty-six new chloroplast genome sequences from Aldama (Heliantheae, Asteraceae) and comparative chloroplast genomics analyses with closely related genera Benoit Loeuille1,*, Verônica Thode2,*, Carolina Siniscalchi3, Sonia Andrade4, Magdalena Rossi5 and José Rubens Pirani5 1 Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil 2 Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America 4 Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 5 Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Aldama (Heliantheae, Asteraceae) is a diverse genus in the sunflower family. To date, nearly 200 Asteraceae chloroplast genomes have been sequenced, but the plastomes of Aldama remain undescribed. Plastomes in Asteraceae usually show little sequence divergence, consequently, our hypothesis is that species of Aldama will be overall conserved. In this study, we newly sequenced 36 plastomes of Aldama and of five species belonging to other Heliantheae genera selected as outgroups (i.e., Dimerostemma asperatum, Helianthus tuberosus, Iostephane heterophylla, Pappobolus lanatus var. lana- tus, and Tithonia diversifolia). We analyzed the structure and gene content of the Submitted 29 July 2020 assembled plastomes and performed comparative analyses within Aldama and with Accepted 12 January 2021 Published 24 February 2021 other closely related genera. As expected, Aldama plastomes are very conserved, with the overall gene content and orientation being similar in all studied species.
    [Show full text]
  • Asteraceae) Based on Analysis of Morpho­ Logical and Palynological Characters
    D. Petit, J. Mathez & tA. Qaid Phylogeny of the Cardueae (Asteraceae) based on analysis of morpho­ logical and palynological characters Abstract Petit, D. , Mathez, l , & tQaid, A.: Phylogeny of the Cardueae (Asteraceae) based on analysis of morphological and palynological characters. - Bocconea 13: 41·53. 2001. - ISSN 1120- 4060. Between 1955 and 1977, the main contributions to the systematics ofthe Cardueae were made by Wagenitz (pollen: 1955), Dittrich (histology of cypselas: 1966, 1968a, 1968b, 1969, 1977, 1984) and Meusel & Kohler (growthforrn: 1960). Since 1980, new approaches have provided an impetus to a new look at the group. Different authors used cladistic methods to analyse morphological, paJynological and molecular charac­ ters [Bremer (1994), Susanna & al. (1995), Petit (1997) and Petit & al. (1996)]. We here present results of a cladistic analysis based on two characters sets, one morphological (33 characters), the other palynological (41 characters), of 34 taxa close to Centaurea. The morphological characters come mostly from previous published studies, whereas the palyno­ logical ones, defined in a previous work, are applied to the Centaureinae for the first time. Special emphasis is placed on the Carthamus complex. Several approaches were investigated: two outgroups (Jurinea and Saussurea) and, with respect to the pollen analysis, different qual· itative and quantitative character codings. The very high sensibility of obtained topologies when the data sets are considered alone or together is remarkable. We interpret the lack of robustness of relationships between clades by the probable "burst" nature of evolution in this group; the origin of the group is doubtless in the Mediterranean region. This "star-like" phylogeny, the probable result of ecological factors, has yet to be explored.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear and Plastid DNA Phylogeny of Tribe Cardueae (Compositae)
    1 Nuclear and plastid DNA phylogeny of tribe Cardueae (Compositae) 2 with Hyb-Seq data: A new subtribal classification and a temporal 3 diversification framework 4 5 6 7 Sonia Herrando-Morairaa,*, Juan Antonio Callejab, Mercè Galbany-Casalsb, Núria Garcia-Jacasa, Jian-Quan 8 Liuc, Javier López-Alvaradob, Jordi López-Pujola, Jennifer R. Mandeld, Sergi Massóa,b, Noemí Montes- 9 Morenoa, Cristina Roquetb,e, Llorenç Sáezb, Alexander Sennikovf, Alfonso Susannaa, Roser Vilatersanaa 10 11 a Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., ES-08038 Barcelona, Spain 12 b Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB) – Associated Unit to CSIC, Departament de Biologia 13 Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES- 14 08193 Bellaterra, Spain 15 c Key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 16 Chengdu, China 17 d Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA 18 e Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA (Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine), FR- 19 38000 Grenoble, France 20 f Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, 21 Finland; and Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov str. 2, 22 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia 23 24 *Corresponding author at: Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s. n., ES- 25 08038 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Herrando-Moraira). 26 27 Abstract 28 Classification of tribe Cardueae in natural subtribes has always been a challenge due to the lack of support 29 of some critical branches in previous phylogenies based on traditional Sanger markers.
    [Show full text]