Love Without Borders Portrayed in Guillermo Del Toro's the Shape of Water a Thesis by Nickyta Siagian Reg. No. 110705099 Depar

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LOVE WITHOUT BORDERS PORTRAYED IN GUILLERMO DEL TORO’S

THE SHAPE OF WATER

A THESIS

NICKYTA SIAGIAN

REG. NO. 110705099

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA LOYE WITHOUT BORI}ERS PORTRAYED IN GUILLERMO DEL TORO'S THE SHAPE OF WATER

A THESIS

BY NICKYTA SIAGIA}I RSG. NO. 110705099 r SUPERVISOR'il,* CO-SUPERVISOR Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum. Mahmud Arief Albar, SS. M.A NrP. 19570720 198303 2 0001 l\[IP. 19820904 200501 I 010

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Sfudies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fullilhnent of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English.

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACT'LTY OF CI]LTURAL STT]DIES T'NIVERSITY OT' SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAIT 2OT8

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Approved by the Department of f,nglish, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (US[D Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A., Ph. D. Rahmadsyah Ra M.A, Ph.D.

Nl-rP. 19540916 198003 2 003 002

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accepted by the Board of Examinens in partial fullillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Snstra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies Unlversff of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cnltural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on Tuesday, October 23,2018

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies Utara

Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. N-rP. 19600805 198703 I 001

Board of Examiners

Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D.

Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum.

Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, NICKYTA SIAGIAN DECLARE, THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF

THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF

THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED

ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A

THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER

DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT

DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS

THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED THE AWARD OF ANOTHER

DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed :

Date : 23 October 2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : NICKYTA SIAGIAN

TITLE OF THESIS : LOVE WITHOUT BORDERS

PORTRAYED IN GUILLERMO DEL

TORO’S THE SHAPE OF WATER

QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR

REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT

USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW

OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed :

Date : 23 October 2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all, I would like to say thanks and praise Jesus Christ for bleesing me abudantly and give me strength during the time of doing and finishing the thesis of mine.

Furthermore, I would like express my profound gratitude to my beloved parents, dr. Mangisi Siagian, and Trie Sulastri Wahyuningrat, who always give me full attentions, prayer, support, care, and love both materials and spiritual contributions which I have received until nowadays. I also wish to express special thanks to my grandmother who always pray, support, and advices me with their love.

Thank you for being patient with me. Last but not least, I would like to thank to all of my big family, I really love them all.

I also would like to say thanks to my Supervisor, Dr. Siti Norma Nasution,

M.Hum., who has given me much attention, contribution and supports with all his great patience and understanding to guide me in finishing this thesis, and my Co- supervisor, Mahmud Arief Albar, S.S. M.A., for his constructive outcomes towards this thesis. My gratitude to all my lecturers in English Literature Department who have taught me during my study with their love and patience. I also thank Prof. T.

Silvana Sinar, M. A., Ph.D, the Chief of English Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti,

M.A. Ph.D, the Secretary, for their attention to all my academic affairs, and Dr. Budi

Agustono, M. S., the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies of the University of

Sumatera Utara as well as the staffs for their valuable helps.

I would like to thank to my best friends in English Department, Ester Shinta

Paulin Sianturi, SS., Fransiska Chyntia Siagian, SS., and Niasti Hia, SS., who always

vii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA help and support me every time in every condition, thank for love and care, thank for having great time together and spending our four years in sweet memories, you always know who you are. To all my classmates in English Department’11 whose names can’t be mentioned one by one, thank for spending our great times together in four years. Thank you to all my basketball friends and for all who help me in finishing my thesis that I can’t mention one by one.

The special thanks given to Christ Yohara Silalahi, SP., as my beloved man, thank you for your support, prayers, and help me to write this thesis and always to accompany me in bad and good time. I do not know what to do if you were not here, and I really thanks to your fussy so I am not a lazy person to finish this thesis. I am really happy when I am with you, I feel your warmest hug and it always help me to finish this thesis.

Despite my effort to produce a faultless paper, I am well aware that the readers will find numerous imperfections, for which I apologize.

Medan, 23 October 2018

NICKYTA SIAGIAN

Reg. No: 110705099

viii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK

Tesis ini berjudul “Cinta Tanpa Batas Yang Digambarkan Dalam Bentuk The Shape Of Water dari Guillermo De Toro”, ia berbicara tentang kisah cinta antara seorang manusia dan seekor monster ikan. Mereka bertemu di laboratorium di mana wanita bernama Elisa bekerja. Ikan itu ditangkap dan terperangkap di laboratorium. Pasukan Amerika mencoba mendapatkan keuntungan dari ikan, karena ikan memiliki kekuatan gaib. Ikan tidak mematuhi apa yang mereka inginkan kemudian mereka memukul dan menyiksanya. Tujuan dari tesis ini adalah untuk mengetahui alasan atau penyebab mereka menjadi bersatu sebagai sepasang kekasih. Wanita itu bisu dan memiliki kehidupan yang membosankan itu sebabnya dia membutuhkan seorang teman untuk membuat hidupnya bahagia. Ikan membutuhkan bantuan wanita untuk bertahan hidup. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa akhirnya mereka saling mencintai dan hidup bahagia di laut. Teori yang digunakan dalam tesis ini adalah teori Postmodernisme karena ceritanya berbicara tentang kebebasan dan cinta sejati. Manusia bebas untuk memilih apa pun, bahkan ikan untuk menjadi kekasihnya, dan ini terjadi dalam kisah ini.

Kata Kunci: sepasang kekasih, kebebasan, cinta sejati.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT

This thesis entitled “Love Without Borders Portrayed In Guillermo De Toro’s The Shape Of Water”, it talks about the love story between a human being and a fish monster. They meet in a laboratory where the woman named Elisa works. The fish is caught and trapped in the laboratory. American force try to get advantages from the fish, because the fish has magic power. The fish doesn’t obey what they want then they beat and torture him. The purpose of this thesis is to find out the reasons or the causes of them to became united as a pair of lover. The woman is mute and has a boring life that’s why she needs a friend to make her life happy. The fish needs the woman’s help to survive. The result shows that at last both of them love each other and live happy in the sea. The theory used in this thesis is the theory of Postmodernism because the story talks about freedom and true love. A human being is free to choose anything even a fish to be her lover, and this happens in this story.

Key Words: a pair of lover, freedom, true love.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION...... v

ACKNOWLEDGMENT...... vii

ABSTRAK...... ix

ABSTRACT...... x

TABLE OF CONTENTS…...... …..…………………………………...... xi

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION…………………………...... 1

1.1 Background of the Study……..…………….…...... 1

1.2 Problem of the Study.………………………...... 4

1.3 Objective of the Study.…………………….…...... 4

1.4 Scope of the Study.………………………….…...... 4

1.5 Significance of the Study.…………………...... 5

CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF LITERATURE...... 6

2.1 Literature...... ……………………….…...... 6

2.2 Novel...... ….….....…...... 6

2.2.1 Character...... 7

2.2.2 Theme...... 8

2.2.3 Plot...... 8

2.3 Postmodrnism...... ……………………...... 9

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER II I: METHOD OF RESEARCH...... 11

3.1 Research Design..………………………………...... 11

3.2 Data and Source Data....……………...... 11

3.3 Data Collection.....……………………...... 12

3.4 Data Analysis...... 12

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND FINDING.……………………...... 14

4.1 How to Elisa Feels Close To The Fish...... 14

4.2 How The Fish Needs Help From Elisa...... 18

4.3 The Reason Why They United And Live Happyly...... 21

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION …………...... 25

5.1 Conclusion…………………………………...... 25

5.2 Suggestion....………………………………...... 25

REFERENCES...... 26

APPENDICES i. Autho’s Biography and works ii. Summary of the Film

xii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study The novel The Shape of Water talks about love between a human being named Elisa with an anphibian man or called a fish monster. Elisa is a very simple woman who works in a laboratory with her close friend named Zelda. Both of them work as the cleaning service in the laboratory, they are so close and always help each other, they can understand each other although Elisa is mute, she can not speak like other people, she communicate with her friend by using body language, she never feels difficult to express her feeling whether she is sad or happy.

One day, Elisa saw a fish monster trapped in a cage in the laboratory, Elisa feels pity looking at the condition of the fish, they are staring at each other it seems that they can understand each other. Elisa tries to help the fish by giving him the food that he needs like a bioled egg. The fish monster is caught by United State government to get the advantage of him, because the fish has a magic power. The Soviet Union also want to get the fish for their own benefit. The fish is beaten and hit by Soviet government. The Fish is injured and becomes so weak. Elisa tries to help him by placing him in the pond with salted water.

Elisa feels pity on him and tries to save him and later she feels a strong feeling of emotion and feeling of affection to him. Elisa never experiences the feeling like that to other man before, she never has a close friend or never feels close to any man. Although the fish is not a human being, Elisa never feels the different between them. Fish is an animal but he also has the feeling like Elisa, he feels so close to Elisa he hugs Elisa to show how he feels.

The amphibian man is now still in dangerous condition, Elisa and Zelda try to move the fish from the laboratory, they put him into an laundry van, they try to place him near the sea, the fish is now very weak, he should have sea water. At last Elisa and the friends arrive near the sea, but are always followed by the Soviet personel and shoot all of them Elisa, the fish, and the friends. The fish uses his magic power

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA and they can live again. At the end of the story, Elisa and fish can live together in the sea water.

The Shape of Water is a novel by Guillermo Del Toro's. The setting is Baltimore towards the end of John F Kennedy’s presidency – or, as the narrator puts it, during “the last days of a fair prince’s reign”. Its heroine is Elisa (Sally Hawkins), a white woman who has been unable to speak ever since her throat was slashed as a baby, and who now works as a janitor in a US government aerospace laboratory alongside her black friend Zelda (Octavia Spencer). The laboratory’s latest secret “asset” is a Creature from the Black Lagoon lookalike listed in the end credits as Amphibian Man (Doug Jones). Having been captured in the Amazon by the brutal Strickland (Michael Shannon), the Amphibian’s days are numbered unless Elisa can break him out.

She tries to recruit Giles (Richard Jenkins), an ageing, gay commercial artist who lives in the next apartment – but he is determinedly apolitical. When he catches sight of black civil rights protesters being blasted by police hoses on a television news report, he bleats, “I do not want to see that,” and insists on watching an old movie on another channel. When Elisa begs him to help her rescue the Amphibian, he turns her down flat. “What are we? We’re nothing. We can do nothing,” he says. It’s not until a waiter in a Southern-themed diner turns away a black couple, and then throw out Giles himself, that he is finally “woke”. Soon afterwards, Zelda joins Elisa’s rebel band – and both she and Giles are made braver and better by the experience.

The novel doesn’t just rail against sexism, racism and homophobia, it argues that they are all symptoms of the same patriarchal disease – a disease which all voiceless and oppressed people should defeat together. In short, The Shape of Water is a lot more militant than the average magic-realist fable about a woman who fancies a fish-monster. It’s more complicated and consist of many problems.

The magic power from the sea monster portrayed during the cold war between America and Soviet Union. Both countries tried hard to get the creature but they could not get him by using physical violence. This creature is regarded as a man, which can fall in love with a woman. They can understand each other especially after

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA the woman saved him when the enemy wabted to catch him. The creature tried hard to live in the pond but he could not, he should live in the sea water.

The theory of postmodernism can be used in analyzing the novel because the characteristics of postmodernism can be found in the novel, like freedom, hedonism, and tru love. People in postmodernism or in global era wanted to live their own way or the want to live in freedom eventhough it is not normal. The women named Elisa make a close friend with the fish monster called Giles. They understood each other and helped each other. The woman saved the fish monster from being attacked by the russian government. The magic power within amphibian man was so popular among the agents of some countries. In postmodernism era people tried hard to reach the highest achievement of their group. They tried hard to be the best in universe.

There is no more differences between high literature and low literature, popular arts and fine art. Esthetics arts in postmodern indicated by pastiche aspects (borrowing and using various arts resources in the past time), parody ( distortion and meaningful play), kitsch (reproduction style, form, and icon), camp (fake identity and manipulation) (Pilliang, 1998: 109).

According to Sarup (2007:220) the movement from the modernism to postmodernism runs in evolution way not by sudden revolution. The culmination point happened in modern era was not capable anymore to answer all the human needs. Rasionality as the spirit in modernism gives bad impact within some decades for human survival. In the period when modernism faced crisis identity, at last postmodernism played is function. Postmodernism is a movement of idea with replaced the idea from the modern period (which focus on rasio, objectivity, and improvement).

Postmodern has the spirit to improve economic condition and social conciousnes in the event and improvement in publication. Postmodernism criticize modernism which was regarded to cause desentralitation in economy and technology, this may influence by globalization. Besides that postmodern regarded the media only focus on the same problems and always imitated each other. In arts there was rejection of esthetic and ideology of modern arts movement as the rejection towards

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA abstract ekspresionism in painting arts. In literature there was rejection or the possibilty of final representation in the novel and also in poems (Lestari: 2007).

According to Jean-Francois Lyotard (dalam Sarup, 2007: 222)the characteristic of postmodern are : 1. Hoping the big appraisal from the nature; 2. Focusing on the usage of language for human being; 3. Deacrising admire for knowladge and technology; 4. Accepting other religion besides the dominant religion; 5. Accepting new religion; 6. Changing the domination of white race in the West; 7. Supporting the marginalized race to raise; 8. Growing conciousness the important of interdependention in radical way for all parties

1.2 Problem of the Study As it is explained on the background study above, there are some problems that have been formulated as follows :

1. How Elisa feels close to the fish ?

2. How the fish needs help from Elisa ?

3. What are the causes that can make them united and live happyly ?

1.3 Objective of the Study Based on the problems of study above, the aims of this thesis are: 1. To know about Elisa feels close to the fish 2. To know about the fish needs help from Elisa 3. To know the causes that can make them united and live happyly

1.4 Scope of the Study The discussion will be limited on the life of the monster in the sea water and in the environment of human life. There ara many causes why the monster appeared in human life. The magic power of the monster is so popular that American and russian 4

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA countries tried hard to get the monster using physical violance. The woman named Elisa saved the life of the monster (amphibian man) from the enemy. After that they coul live together in the sea water where the monster come from.

1.5 Significance of the Study The result of this study is expected to be useful in several ways. This study gives significance for the researcher : 1. To understand the novel; 2. To be used as a reference for the readers who are interested in learning the postmodernism; 3. To understand why the novel has a characteristic of postmodernism.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Literature

Literature is a personal expression of man, which comes from experience, thinking, spirit, and conviction in the real description. Literary describes human life, that is arranged by author to influence the readers. Sometime, the author describes the situation. Ccording to oxford dictionary (1995: 687), literature is writing that are valued as works of art, esp fiction, drama, and poetry.

Literary work is unique phenomena. It is also organic phenomena in the literature there are meaning and function (Endaswara, 2003: 7). The function of literature for readers there are : 1) recreation that literature gives entertain to readers; 2) Education that reading literature will give education with truth and goodness value; 3) Esthetic that it give esthetic for readers; 4) moralities that it gives knowledge so the readers know a good moral; 5) religious that the literature will produce the religious works which is follow by readers. Literary often strips way layers that disguise itentions, motives, and values; it distinguishes the insignificant from the significant. For the description or explanation above, it gives information for readers. Furthermore, by reading literary work, the readers may increase their understanding about human being, the world, and live.

2.2 Novel

Novel is one of kinds of literature. Novel is fiction in the form of written or oral which has two elements are intrinsic and extrinsic. On the novel describe the characters and phenomena from the real human life. Novel is reflection of human life. A novel is a book length story in prose, whose author tries to create the sense that, while we read, we experience actual life (Kennedy, 1983: 180).

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.2.1 Character A character is a person created by the playwright to carry the action, language, ideas, and emotions of the play . This quotation cites that the idea represented by the play can be understood through the analysis of character as its carrier. In addition, states that characters and their action may often be equated with certain ideas and values. This quotation emphasizes that characters and ideas often have the same position in a play and to talk about characters is a shorthand way of talking about the ideas.

In order to understand the idea through the description of characters we need to know the devices of characterization, which the playwright has used. Every dramatist has at his fingertips a relatively large galaxy of differing devices of characterization. Some of the devices are the appearance of the character, asides and soliloquies, dialogue between characters, hidden narration, language, and character in action. The character can be analyzed by their appearance. In the prologue or in the stage directions the playwright often describes the character in the physical sense.We learn from these stage directions what the character looks like and probably how he dresses; when a character walks onto the stage, it is obvious from his appearance whether he is a meticulous or sloppy person, attractive or unattractive,old or young, small or large, etc.

All of further characterization is of course established through dialogue. We learn about the characters as they speak. And specifically, we are apt to understand the characters best when they speak in short asides or in longer soliloquies. On these occasions the character is, in effect, telling the audience of his specific characteristics (Reaske, 1966:46). This quotation cites that the characters inform the readers their specific characteristics when they speak alone. Not only does the language of the character speaking alone characterize him, but his language when speaking to others also sheds a great deal of light on his personality. If a man speaks one way to his master and another to his underling, we can draw various conclusions (Reaske, 1966: 47). This quotation emphasizes that we can learn about the character’s personality trough his words when he speaks to other characters.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA While character in a play is never directly described by the playwright himself, there are nevertheless descriptions of characters. One of the devices of characterization frequently employed is having one character in a play narrate something about another character. The narration is hidden in the sense that it is not the playwright’s direct comment. Of course, sometimes one character’s estimation of another is completely wrong; the playwright thus establishes in our mind that a certain character is either foolish or wise before allowing that character to describe other characters. If the character doing the describing is a fool and generally not very perspective, then we simply reverse everything he says about another character in order to arrive at the truth. If a fool thinks someone wise, we generally can assume that the someone is stupid.

2.2.2 Theme The theme of the drama refers to its central idea.it can be either be clearly stated through dialog and action , or can be inferred after watching the entire performance. The theme is the philosophy that forms the base of the story or a moral lesson that the character learn. It is the messages that the drama gives to the audience. For example the theme of a drama could be of how greed leads to one’s destroyal or how the wrong use of authority ultimately results in the end of power. The theme of drama could be blind love and sacrifise or true friendship.

2.2.3 Plot The order of events occurring in a drama make its plot. Essentially, the plot is the story that the play narrates. The entertainment value of a drama depends largely on the sequence of events in the story of drama. The connection between the events and the character in them form an integral part of the plot. What the character do, how they interact, the course of their lives as narrated by the story, and what happens to them in the end, constitutes the plot. A struggle between two individuals, the relation between them, a struggle with self , a dilemma, or any form of conflict os one chrachter with himself or another character in drama, goes into forming the plot of story.the story unfolds though a

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA series of incident that share a cause and effect relationship. Generally a story begins with exposing the past or background of the main and other characters, and the point of conflict, then proceeds to giving the central theme or climax. Then come the consequence of the climax and the drama ends with a conclution.

2.3 Postmodernism Postmodernism is a rejection of totality, of the notion that planning could be comprehensive widely applied regardless of context, and rational. In this sense, postmodernism is a rejection of its predecessor: modernism. Postmodernist ideas in philosophy and the analysis of culture and society expanded the importance of critical theory and has been the point of departure for works of literature, architecture, and design, as well as being visible in marketing/business and the interpretation of history, law and culture, starting in the late 20th century. These developments re-evaluation of the entire Western value system such as love, marriage, popular culture, shift from industrial to service economy that took place since the 1950s and 1960s, are described with the term Postmodernity, as opposed to Postmodernism, a term referring to an opinion or movement.

According to Antoni Gidden (2012) “Postmodernism is an aesthetic, literary, political or social philosophy, which is the basis of an attempt to describe a condition, or a situation”. In his book Postmodernism: Teori dan Metode, by Akhyar Yusuf Lubis (2014: 10) put forward some features of postmodern society conditions which are summarized from some expert opinions:

1. Focus on consumption 2. Production and post-industrial organizations; 3. Floating institutions (rhizomatic); 4. Complex hierarchy; 5. Work that is episodic, sedentary, lateral, and sideline; 6. Mosaic culture, sub-culture and multicultural; 7. The identity is situational, diverse, and liquid; 8. Global politics-oriented issues and dreamers (all around); 9. Local-global focus.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA While Zymunt Baumunt distinguishes the features of modern sociology with postmodern sociology as follows : No Modern Postmodern 1 Deternism Uncertainty, opportunity, possibilities 2 Universalism, space and time Particularism, localism, equality differences 3 Belief in self-ability, transparency, Uncertainty, skepticism, reality can be known ambiguity 4 Equality, clarity, and certainty There is irregularity (chaos), tentative and uncertain (probability) 5 Monism, universalism, Pluralism, diversity, institutional(ism) institutional (ism) 6 There are obstacles, limitations, Freedom of choice, style, controls. and fashion

In this research, the writer uses Postmodernism theory of Anthony Giddens, especially about the problems the role of the teachers and the learning process to achieve success. So far, education has been directed only towards the establishment of scientific and technological capabilities , so that the heavy burden of teachung is often directed to the mastery of those fields. The perspective of postmodernism, modern society is degraded, moral crisis, social crisis, and so forth, starting from the dominance of scienceand technology with the application of human ratio in it self is no longer expected to provide answers to the problems arise in modern society, so that the educational process is only directed to the interests of reason or rationality will actually bring about a humanitarian disaster. Whereas from the beginning it was believed that education was organized as tool to humanize human beings (Drost, 1998: 74). The appointment of human dignity can not only be played by reason alone reason, but must be integrative between rational reason and spiritual reason.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER III

METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Design

Ary et al (2002:426) states “The research design is the researcher’s plan of how to proceed to gain an understanding of some group or some phenomenon in its natural setting”. Chreswell (2011) says “Qualitative research is the research that intended to pronounce symptom in a holistic and contextual manner by means of data from background natural with make us a researcher as a key of instrument” This current literary study employs the qualitative research method by using library research. The writer used the library research in gathering the data of the research which aims to collect data from written source books that would be useful for the analysis.

From this statement we can know that literature is belonging of qualitative descriptive method. In literary work, especially from the novel, the reader can interpret many the elements in the novel, such as character, plot, and theme. from the series of events of the characters, the readers seem to enter the character’s life in the novel. Based on the study above, the writer applies the postmodernism to find and discuss about social problems and the impact of social problems portrayed in novel The Shape of Water.

3.2 Data and Source of data

Ary et al (1985:332) states, “If a document is written by someone who has had firsthand experience with the phenomenon under study, it is considered a primary source”. The primary data for the analysis was taken from the novel The Shape of Water by Guillermo Del Toro's., while the secondary data was derived from other sources, such as books, internet, and other which could be fully supported the study, and were related to the problem.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.3 Data Collection Ary et al (2002:430) in Introduction to research in Education states, “The most common data collection methods used in qualitative research are (1) observation (participant and non participant) (2) interviewing, and (3) document analysis”. In collecting data, the researcher use document analysis. Document analysis focusing on analyzing and interpreting recorded material within its own context. It is used to discover the description of data from the primary and secondary data which are relevant with the research. In the same book, Ary et al (2002:435) says, “Qualitative researchers may also use written documents to gain an understanding of the phenomenon under study”. In collecting data, the following steps are done: 1. Reading the novel to gain deeper understanding about the story in the text novel. 2. Drawing notes to gain a clear description about the elements in novel such as ; theme, plot and character to help the writers to find out the social problems and the Impact as portrayed in novel. 3. Identifying social problems and the Impact based on the text novel 4. Selecting and picking the data up which related with the problems by the dialogue in the text of novel. 5. Finally conducting and analyzing the collected data and drawing a conclusion from the analysis.

3.4 Data Analysis The last method in this chapter is data analysis which the writer do after the data, information and some theories that related to the study are collected. Ary et al (2002:465) states, “Data analysis is a time consuming and difficult process, because typically the researcher faces massive amounts of field notes, interview transcripts, reflections, and information from documents to examine and interpret”.

In this study, descriptive method is used to analyze the qualitative data through the following procedures below: Firstly, reading the text of novel The Shape of Water, and then finding some the elements especially theme, plot and character as portrayed in novel. After that finding the social problems are found in novel using postmodernism and the last finding the impact of social problems to the main 12

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA character in the text of novel. the selecting some data which describe the elements,social problems, and impact of social problems from what the characters say and do. We know from the in the text novel.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDING

4.1 How Elisa Feels Close To The Fish

Elisa is a simple woman who works in the laboratory. She is a quite woman with a white skin and has a short hair. Elisa is mute so she speaks with a body language (gesture). She has a friend a black woman called Zelda, both of them work as cleaning service in the same laboratory. Elisa goes to work by bus after she gets her breakfast, and egg with a glass of milk. Both woman Elisa and her black woman arrive at the laboratory, they register presensi and them start to work, cleaning the room and the other parts of the laboratory. While working, they talked and joke.

They are so close to each other, they have been friends to each other for a long years and they are so close, they understand each other although Elisa uses gesture and body language to communicate with her friend. The following is the situation of the laboratory.“ It’s a single floor elevator ride down, but some of the labs are more like hangers and the trip takes half a minute. The car opens into a two story staging area, where stanchions direct staff along a narrowing path” (Del Toro, 2018: page 10).

Elisa and Zelda are so close and helped each other. “Zelda searches for her and

Elisha card. The card go into the same slots everyday. Zelda is stalling for Elisha’s sake, because Yolanda is behind Zelda. She’ll dawdle at the punch clock to make

Elisha one crucial minute late (Del Toro, 2018: page 10).

Elisa also has a male friend named Giles Gunderson. This man can understand

Elisa who uses gesture and body language. They are also close to each other. they go to canteen and eat together. Giles is ready to help Elisa when she needs him. This man also works in the same laboratory. The following shows the condition of Giles.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “Giles Gunderson’s hair piece does not altogether match the tussocks sprouting above his earn galls him. His real hair is brown, but get close enough and you’ll see strands of blond and orange” (Del Toro, 2018: page 36).

One day Elisa sees an amphibian man in the laboratory, she feels surprise knowing a strange creature trapped in an iron cage. She feels pity on him. Both of them see at each other and they both feel strange and try to understand each other.

Elisa is thinking what is the creature doing in the laboratory and what happens with him and they stare at each other.

The following quotation shows the place where the fish was trapped.

The lab is spare and orderly no longer. The concrete floor has sprouted a range of metal masts and stockades, each built with iron loops onto which an object, or living thing, could be leashed. Carts of what look like medical devices extend from the beige computer bank like technological tumors. A table stands in the rooms center, wheels pointed in four different directions. Surgical implements are scattered like punched-out teeth. (Del Toro, 2018: page 73)

One day, Elisa and her friend saw there was amaze in laboratory, the boss of laboratory was shouting and screaming with the blood spread on his shirt. Elisa and her friend were ordered to clean the floor of the room and they found two fingers in the floor of the lab and still with blood, she did not know who’s fingers are that. She puts the fingers in a paper box and gives it to her friend Zelda. “Blood is all over.

Gazing over it, Elisha thinks of magazine photos taken from airplanes of flooded lowlands. There’s a hubap-sized lake of blood congealing beneath the glaring lights.

Fifteen minutes Elisa pours water over the floor” (Del Toro, 2018: page 73).

In facts the fish monster (amphibian man) beat the finger of the boss of Elisa who was so hard to the fish, he hit the fish so many times until the fish was nearly died. It happened because the fish did not obey what the boss wanted them to do.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Zelda has gone for help. Elisa can hear her nurse flats firecracking down the halfway. She’s left staring at Strickland’s fingers. The pinky, the ring finger (Del Toro, 2018: page 73). Strickland frowns at Zelda. She knows the look. He’s getting sick of hearing her talk. Creating self-aggrandizing myths, he must believe, is yet another flaw of the common class. This girls here was found by the river. “how long you two known each other ? he grunts Whole time Elisa’s been here, sir, fourteen years ? “That’s good. Means both of you know how things run here. How things need to stay. I guess you’re the two who found my fingers” He rubs his head. He’s sweating. He looks like he’s in agony. “I am going to go ahead and thank you for that” Strickland says Zelda said “We did our best, sir” Strickland looks to Elisa, expecting the same, and impatience darkens his tired, pained face. Elisa’s silence comes of as rudeness, and Zelda said “Elisa doesn’t talk,sir” “She can not talk ? Strickland asks, “or chooses not to ?” “Can not sir,” Zelda says (Del Toro, 2018: page 82-83)

Elisa was very surprise to see the fish in the laboratory. She put her food near the tank.

She sets the peeled egg on the ledge, grabs the lunch bag, and hops behind the red line. Her stance is defensive and the creature responds, lowering itself until only the smooth crown of its head is visible. Its eyes bore into hers for an unsettling moment before shifting back to the egg. The eyes at this angle go blue. It skims leftward as if expecting the egg to match the move. “He trusts nothing” Elisha thinks, and then verifies to herself, with surprise, that the creature is male. (Del Toro, 2018: page 91).

The fish could not live without sea water. Elisa tried hard to help the fish, so she put him in the pond and she put many salt to the waterpond.

Elisa and Giles lets go at the bathroom threshold because of the narrow clearance, and it’s Elisa alone who has to guide the creature down, but they’re both weak now and it’s more like a fall, his useless legs buckling against the tub and dropping back first into the waiting water. The water unloads right next to the creature’s head. The surface rises fast, covers his face. Elisa waits for bubbles of breath. There is nothing. She stirs the water with her hand to match the heat of pool. She stirs again with her hand slopping the salt toward the creature’s face and neck. Then, terribly there is nothing more to do. She takes the creature’s hand folding his clawed fingers until she can squeeze their joint

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA fist as a surgeon might squeeze a heart. He breathes (Del Toro, 2018: page 224).

In fact the fish can live in the pond. The fish thanked her so much then he hug her to express his gratefulness. At this time the fish really needed Elisa to survive.

The boss of the laboratory tried hard to tame the fish because it has a big magic to be used for their own advantage. The fish did not want to obey because they did not brutally without considering the safety of the fish. Elisa felt pity knowing the condition of the fish. She cared so much on him by taking him out of the laboratory.

A doctor and her friend gilles tried had to take the fish out of the laboratory. Elisa could not safe the fish without the helps of her friends. The position of the fish is so weak, he could not do anything to defend himself to survive. Elisa felt pity on him then she felt in love and wanted him to be her companion, she tried hard to be always closed to him. It means they need each other and they wanted to be a pair of lover.

Elisa and friend were succesful to take the fish near the sea shore in a laundry van.

You dont look like laundry” the guard says. “ID ? “ Giles pretends to search for his wallet, hoping the guard cold and tired, will tell him to forget it. There is silence from the guard. Giles has no choice but to produce the ID. Giles holds the ID so the guard can red it without touching but it doesn’t work. The flashlight turns the ID’s papery stock transculent. “out of the van” the guard says “terribly sorry about the ID card, I am afraid I am a little sheepish about my age. See this ? it is a hairpiece. I assure you it does not interfere with my laundrytoting capabilities ” Giles says. “I am going to say this one more time, Mr. Parker. Get out of the van” Guard says. (Del Toro, 2018: page 208, 213)

Giles and Zelda help Elisa to move the fish from the laboratory.

Zelda is there again, her friend is there. She takes the creature’s other arm, her face scrunching in revolusion until she feels the cool, chain-mail texture of his body. She touches him for no more than 10 seconds as they roll him into the back of the van. This is more like a man, but greater in every aspect, a higher grade of creature than they are, stranded in cold, arid desert he was never meant to enter. “Go!” Zelda breathes “Go!” (Del Toro, 2018: page 220).

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Unfortunately, the boss of the laboratory followed and found them near the seashore and shot them all, Elisa and the friends. Elisa, the amphibian man, adn

Gilles died. Because of the magic power of the amphiabian man all of them could live again, the fish brought Elisa jumped to the sea. Elisa was alive and hug by the fish, headed to the deep sea water. Gilles and the doctor were alive again, but the boss of laboratory died when the amphibian man hit him so hard. And this story finished with a happy ending.

4.2 How The Fish Needs Help From Elisa

Based on the content of the story, this novel can be analyzedby the theory of

Postmodernism because there are two themes analyzed in this paper they are freedom adn true love. Freedom means that both main characters feel free to do what they want, although these creature are from different species, the woman is a human being and the man is an amphibian man. Both of them needed each other to survive. Elisa really needs a close friend so that she does not live alone and feeling lonely. She only has two friends one named Gilles and the other one is a black woman called Zelda, they are close to each other and helped each other.

Although Elisa knows that the man is only a fish, she still wants to help him and becomes close then later loves him. She can not let him living in bad condition and die. They can understand each other and become united. Elisa feels worried about her feeling and emotion toward the fish. In the tank, the fish looks like swimming and full of colors. This is the first time they communicate directly han in hand givibg the eggs. She also knows that the fish can feel how she thinks of him.

It is not every night that Elisa makes it into the lab, and on nights when she does, eggs in hand and finds the creature inside the tank instead of the pool, her heart breaks. Elisa knows for certain is that the creature can sense her state of

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA mind, even through metal and glass. His body-lights fill the tank with colors so intense it looks as though he swims. Elisa worries about the severity of these emotions. (Del Toro, 2018: page 112).

The fish feels excited seeing Elisa. He wishes he could say “hello Elisa”. They happy meeting each other.

The creature twists and rolls when he sees her, bubbles rising from his hands as they sign the words he likes best : “hello Elisa”. She doubts he can hear anything from inside the locked tank and this takes her broken heart and grinds it to dust. He wants her to put on a record he can not hear because it will make her happy and that will make him happy. (Del Toro, 2018: page 112).

Elisa is so surprise to see the fish lying on the floor near her foot. There is were on her chest. Her heart stops breathing. The fish looks of her so closely.

She hears him before she sees him. Like a whale moan, the high frequency sound bypasses her ears to pull tight like wire around her chest. Elisa stops, complately : her body, her breathing, her hearts. The egg slips from her hand makes a soft landing on her foot, and wobbles through water puddles left behind by struggle. The creature is neither in pool nor tank, but on knees in the middle of the lab. She can smell his salty dryness like a fish left on a pier to fester. His twinkling scales have gone dull and gray. His chest rattles like that of a phlegmy old man. The creature turns his head, saliva draining from his gasping mouth, and looks at her. She doesn’t know how she missed it before, such a bright color in all this laboratory drabness. (Del Toro, 2018: page 135- 136).

The fish also talks to Giles and they can understand each other.

The creature shifts to offer Giles yet another angle, stretching his resplendent neck, almost preening. Giles laughs, tastes salt, lick it away, and draws. “Elisa says you are all alone, Oh I am Giles, by the way Giles Gunderson, perhaps we humans are not all so bad”. (Del Toro, 2018: page 238)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Elisa and the fish are touching hands so closely, they don’t talk.

She gazes into the creature’s eyes, still bright underwater, and listens to the soft bubbling of his breath. He blinks, a greating. She unfolds an arm and fins her index finger through the water until it touches the back of his hand. Unexpectedly, he rolls the hand over so that she is touching his palm, her finger the single stamen of a huge, dewy, unfolding flower. Now she listens for her own breath, but hears nothing. Hands are how the two of them talk, but this ? this is a touch. (Del Toro, 2018: page 239).

The first time Elisa and the fish hug each other and kissing it is a strange experience for Elisa then they can feel they love each other.

The kiss reverberates underwater, not the fussy wet tsks of human lips, but a rumbling thunderstorm that pours into her ears and runs down her throut. She takes his scaled face into her hand, his gills throbbing against her palms, and kisses him forefully, hoping to stir the storm they’ve started into a tsunami so as to force a flood; perhaps her kisses, not the rain, can be what saves him. She exhales into his mouth, feels the bubbles tickle past her cheeks. Breathe, she prays. Learn to breathe my air so we can be together forever. (Del Toro, 2018: page 269). While the creature belongs to no one, no place, and no time, his heart belongs to Elisa. (Del Toro, 2018: page 272).

Freedom is one of the characteristics of Post modern era, it means that in this period, people are free to do what they want in this period, people are free to do what they want like what happened with Elisa and the amphibian man. There is no regulation that they should obey, they will do everything if they want to survive and live together.

True love is also the characteristic of Postmdernism, what happened to Elisa and the amphibian man is a true love. They found hard trouble to be together, but they tried hard to overcome the problems. The amphibian man almost die tortured by the boss of the laboratory, Elisa tried to save him by taking him out of the laboratory, the fish was put into a laundry van helped by the doctor, Zelda, and Gilles. They

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA arrived of the seashore followed and shot by the boss. The fish used his magic power to save them all. Elisa and the fish jumped to the sea and the true love comes true, they can live together and become united.

Giles is too exhausted, too heavy by grief to cry out, but he mouths the word good bye, both to the creature whose healing touch gave him the strength to resist drowning tonight, and to his best friend, who gave him the strength drowning for the twenty years. Without a sound, without a splash, the creature holding Elisa dives into water. (Del Toro, 2018: page 311)

Elisa blinks, her eyelids oaring aside pounds of water. The hole in her chest has been erased. The surprise is that she feels no surprise, only an easy, pleasant approval. She looks up to find the creature has swum off to her right, holding only to her hand. They stand before each other on nothing but water, new and naked, the ocean their Eden. Elisa breathes, she does not understand and doesn’t care, for the water air is so wonderful! It tastes like sugar and strawberries. She laughs, bubbles rollick from her mouth and the creature playfully swats them. Elisa believes she could loot at him forever. She holds him, he holds her, they hold each other. (Del Toro, 2018: page 312, 313)

4.3 The Reason Why They United And Live Happyly

This story is so interasting, it talks about true love in the modern time when people live in individual way although they are surronded by the crowd of people. Like what happened to the main characters in this story. She has a monoteneous activities or a boring life. She only knows her house, the public bus and the work place that is the laboratory. She only has two friends, Zelda and Giles Gunderson.

Elisa is mute but she can still communicate with other people using gesture and body language. She still can express he feeling and emotion like happyness and tender love. She can solve her problems by choosing the good friends like Zelda and Gilles. They are ready to help Elisa wherever she needs. They work in the same place, cleaning the room in the laboratory, they face in the same situation and condition almost everyday. Although they get bored they still can have a joke and ake fun of themselves.

In literature, the authors of a novel try hard to show realities, but they can not avoid to give their own ideas in their writing to show the readers the intension of the writing. In the process of creativity there is always fancy story or imagination. To

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA make the story unique and special, the writer try to make it different from other story like what happened in this story. A human being can love and live together as a pair of lover. In this case the authors try to keep the originality of their creation.

Imagination is exist almost in every writing. The novelists describes what they think and hope their dream will come true. They lead the readers step by step understand the arguments and later accept their thoughts and ideas. And almost in every story, the good deeds will always win and the bad things lose and fail to happen.

The main characters are always put in the weak condition or become the victims of one case or problem. This story potraid Elisa and the fish in the very weak condition versus the Boss of the laboratory called Strickland who got power and very cruel and brutal. He tries hard to get benefit from the fish who is trapped in the laboratory. Elisa and the fish finds a good strategy to avoid the bad treatment of the boss. The authors of the novels always give the moral lessons that the readers will have. The readers can learn from other people’s experiences so that the readers can avoid to befall to the same fault.

Literary works may potray the realities of the social lives but sometimes, the authors creates their own realities, to create their “own world”. And they are free to make their own events it is with intension to meet the purpose.

The authors write a story to show to the readers how people should act and behave to change the sick society, to change the bad deeds into the good deeds so that people can live peacefully and comfortably. In the story, the author tries to make the readers to understand the communication involving two different creatures that is between a human being and a male fish, the relation is not usual but it can happen as long as it brings happyness for the pair of lover.

Elisa and the fish need each other, Elisa feels very lonely, doesn’t have many friends, monotenous activities and a boring life. The fish is in the weak condition, he is caught and trapped in a tank in the laboratory. He really needs Elisa to help him to survive, although he has a magic power he can not live in the pond without salted water. He is also needed to move from the laboratory. Elisa, Zelda, and Giles put the

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA fish into the laundry car and go ahead to the sea shore. Elisa and the fish need each other to survive.

Elisa and the fish can solve their problems and become united living happyly in the place they choose in the deep sea water. The author makes Elisa as a mute woman for a certain reason to show that a good communication can be done by a mute woman, although she can not speak, she still can express her thoughts, ideas and even expressing her feeling and love. The author may be want to say that a woman who can talk can not express her feeling better than Elisa. The reason of choosing a mute woman in the story is to show the ability of communication is not only possible by using verbal language. Gesture and body language can be better to be used for communication. Mute is not a problem for Elisa but even it can make Elisa expressing her strong feeling and emotion mute is the characteristics of Elisa not to show her weakness because she can go on living without any trouble.

Magic power is the characteristics of the male fish in the story, although a fish is always considered a weak creature even it is used to be consumed by human beings. The weak creature has a magic power, it is like a combination of weakness and power, it may be means that something weak may become strong for having magic power, weak and strong is the word that opposites one another, something that looks like weak can become strong in realitics.

Both characteristics of the main characters, the fish and the woman that is mute and weak have become the causes of them to be united and become a pair of lover. Elisa is free living in her world but the fish is trapped in the tank in the lab but they can meet to live in their own world then live together happyly.

Although Elisa is a weak woman, she can help the fish to move out from the laboratory where is caught and trapped. The fish is also weak but he has the magic power that finally help them all after shot by the cruel boss. The magic power of the fish can also make Gilles’s hair grow again, now he is not bald again. The characteristics of both the woman and the fish can make them united. All their weakness become the power for them to defend themselves. They never talk to each other but they can understand that they have the same feeling and emotion. Both of them are ready to sacrify to help each other. Elisa and her friends are shot by the

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA cruel boss when they want to help the fish, they all are ready to help for their friendship. In this case we can say that the weak party may win to fight against the cruelity of the powerful party, and about Elisa and the fish.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

Based on the analyses, I can draw the conlusion as follows :

1. Elisa is mute but she can communicate well by using body language. Elisa

can also express how she feels for the fish man. Elisa meet him in the lab, she

feels pity on him and tries to help him, to save and to move him from the

laboratory. The fish is so helpless and weak, he really needs help. Elisa feels

strong affection on him. Firstly she feels pity on him later she loves him.

2. The fish is so helpless caught and trapped in the tank in the laboratory where

Elisa works. American and Russian force try to make an experiment because

he has the magic power. He is beaten and tortured because he does not want

to obey what they want him to do. He is so weak and helpless and needs help

to survive.

3. Elisa sees him trapped in the tank, she feels pity on him. Elisa, Zelda, and

Giles try to move him out from the labortory and take him to the sea shore.

Elisa expresses her feeling and emotion that she loves him, the fish is so

excited and loves her too. Finaly they live happyly in the sea.

5.2 Suggestion

After analysing the novel the writer hopes that the readers will understand the content of the novel and using the theory that appropiate to analyze the novel. So, practically and theorytically this thesis can be used as a reference to make further the research to analyze a literary work.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA REFERENCES

Del Toro, Guillermo. 2018. The Shape of Water, Macmillan Publishing Group: New York.

Featherstone, Mike. 1993. “Modem dan Pascamodem: Tafsiran dan Tetapan”, Prisma.

Huyssen, Andreas. 1990. “Mapping the Postmodern”, Culture and Society Contemporary Debates, Jeffrey C. Alexander and Steven Seidman, ed., New York: Cambridge University Press.

M. Gottdiener. 1994. “Semiotics and Postmodernism”, Postmodernism and Social Inquiry, edited by David R. Dickens and Andrea Fontana, foreword by Fred Dallmayr, New York London: The Guilford Press

McHale, Brian. 1991. Postmodernist Fiction, London and New York: Routledge

Merill and Eldredge. 1952. Culture and Society. New York: Prentice Hall. Pardede, Martha. 2015. Literature ( An Introductory Material). Medan. USU Press. Robertson, Roland. 1996. “Globality, Globalization and Transdisciplinarity”, Theory, Culture and Society (Sage, London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi), Vol. 13(4).

Sarup, Madan, 1993. An Introductory Guide to Post-Structuralism and Postmodernism, Second edition, Athens: The University of Georgia Press

Wellek, Rene and Austin Warren. 1977. Theory of Literature. New York: Harvest book, Brace and World, Inc.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Appendix

i. Author’s Biography and works

Guillermo del Toro Gómez born October 9, 1964 is a Mexican film maker, director, screenwriter, producer, author, actor and former special makeup artist. He is best known for the Academy Award-winning fantasy films Pan's Labyrinth (2006) and The Shape of Water (2017), winning the Academy Award for Best Director and the Academy Award for Best Picture for the latter.

Del Toro was born in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, the son of Guadalupe

Gómez and Federico del Toro Torres, an automotive entrepreneur. He was raised in a strict Catholic household. Del Toro studied at the Centro de Investigación y Estudios

Cinematográficos, at the University of Guadalajara.

When del Toro was about eight years old, he began experimenting with his father's Super 8 camera, making short films with Planet of the Apes toys and other objects. One short focused on a "serial killer potato" with ambitions of world domination; it murdered del Toro's mother and brothers before stepping outside and being crushed by a car. Del Toro made about 10 short films before his first feature, including one titled Matilde, but only the last two, Doña Lupe and Geometria, have been made available. He wrote four episodes and directed five episodes of the cult series La Hora Marcada, along with other Mexican filmmakers such as Emmanuel

Lubezki and Alfonso Cuarón.

Del Toro studied special effects and make-up with special-effects artist Dick

Smith. He spent 10 years as a special-effects make-up designer and formed his own company, Necropia. He also co-founded the Guadalajara International Film Festival.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Later in his directing career, he formed his own production company, the Tequila

Gang.

In 1997, at the age of 33, Guillermo was given a $30 million budget from Miramax Films to shoot another film, Mimic. He was ultimately unhappy with the way Miramax had treated him during production, which led to his friend James

Cameron almost coming to blows with Miramax co-founder and owner Harvey

Weinstein during the 70th Academy Awards.

He was married to Lorenza Newton, cousin of Mexican singer Guadalupe

Pineda. They have two children. He started dating Lorenza when both were studying at the Instituto de Ciencias in Guadalajara. Del Toro and Newton separated in early

2017, and divorced in September of the same year. He maintains residences in Toronto and Los Angeles, and returns to Guadalajara every six weeks to visit his family.

He also owns two separate houses exclusively to house his books, poster artwork and other belongings pertaining to his work, explaining, "As a kid, I dreamed of having a house with secret passages and a room where it rained 24 hours a day. The point of being over 40 is to fulfill the desires you've been harboring since you were 7.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ii. Summary of the Novel

The Shape of Water is a film by Guillermo Del Toro's that has been nominated in 13 different categories, and it is the strongest candidate for the Oscar trophy.

The setting is Baltimore towards the end of John F Kennedy’s presidency – or, as the narrator puts it, during “the last days of a fair prince’s reign”. Its heroine is

Elisa (Sally Hawkins), a white woman who has been unable to speak ever since her throat was slashed as a baby, and who now works as a janitor in a US government aerospace laboratory alongside her black friend Zelda (Octavia Spencer). The laboratory’s latest secret “asset” is a Creature from the Black Lagoon lookalike listed in the end credits as Amphibian Man (Doug Jones). Having been captured in the

Amazon by the brutal Strickland (Michael Shannon), the Amphibian’s days are numbered unless Elisa can break him out.

It’s not until a waiter in a Southern-themed diner turns away a black couple, and then throw out Giles himself, that he is finally “woke”. Soon afterwards, Zelda joins

Elisa’s rebel band – and both she and Giles are made braver and better by the experience.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The story doesn’t just rail against sexism, racism and homophobia, it argues that they are all symptoms of the same patriarchal disease – a disease which all voiceless and oppressed people should defeat together. In short, The Shape of Water is a lot more militant than the average magic-realist fable about a woman who fancies a fish-monster. It’s more complicated and consist of many problems.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA