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Arxiv:1803.02804V1 [Hep-Ph] 7 Mar 2018 It Must Have Some Rather Specific Characteristics
FERMILAB-PUB-18-066-A Severely Constraining Dark Matter Interpretations of the 21-cm Anomaly Asher Berlina,∗ Dan Hooperb;c;d,y Gordan Krnjaicb,z and Samuel D. McDermottbx aSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park CA, 94025, USA bFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Theoretical Astrophysics Group, Batavia, IL, USA cUniversity of Chicago, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, Chicago IL, USA and dUniversity of Chicago, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Chicago IL, USA (Dated: March 8, 2018) The EDGES Collaboration has recently reported the detection of a stronger-than-expected ab- sorption feature in the global 21-cm spectrum, centered at a frequency corresponding to a redshift of z ∼ 17. This observation has been interpreted as evidence that the gas was cooled during this era as a result of scattering with dark matter. In this study, we explore this possibility, applying constraints from the cosmic microwave background, light element abundances, Supernova 1987A, and a variety of laboratory experiments. After taking these constraints into account, we find that the vast majority of the parameter space capable of generating the observed 21-cm signal is ruled out. The only range of models that remains viable is that in which a small fraction, ∼ 0:3 − 2%, of the dark matter consists of particles with a mass of ∼ 10 − 80 MeV and which couple to the photon through a small electric charge, ∼ 10−6 −10−4. Furthermore, in order to avoid being overproduced in the early universe, such models must be supplemented with an additional depletion mechanism, such as annihilations through a Lµ − Lτ gauge boson or annihilations to a pair of rapidly decaying hidden sector scalars. -
Report from the Dark Energy Task Force (DETF)
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Fermilab Particle Astrophysics Center P.O.Box 500 - MS209 Batavia, Il l i noi s • 60510 June 6, 2006 Dr. Garth Illingworth Chair, Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee Dr. Mel Shochet Chair, High Energy Physics Advisory Panel Dear Garth, Dear Mel, I am pleased to transmit to you the report of the Dark Energy Task Force. The report is a comprehensive study of the dark energy issue, perhaps the most compelling of all outstanding problems in physical science. In the Report, we outline the crucial need for a vigorous program to explore dark energy as fully as possible since it challenges our understanding of fundamental physical laws and the nature of the cosmos. We recommend that program elements include 1. Prompt critical evaluation of the benefits, costs, and risks of proposed long-term projects. 2. Commitment to a program combining observational techniques from one or more of these projects that will lead to a dramatic improvement in our understanding of dark energy. (A quantitative measure for that improvement is presented in the report.) 3. Immediately expanded support for long-term projects judged to be the most promising components of the long-term program. 4. Expanded support for ancillary measurements required for the long-term program and for projects that will improve our understanding and reduction of the dominant systematic measurement errors. 5. An immediate start for nearer term projects designed to advance our knowledge of dark energy and to develop the observational and analytical techniques that will be needed for the long-term program. Sincerely yours, on behalf of the Dark Energy Task Force, Edward Kolb Director, Particle Astrophysics Center Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics The University of Chicago REPORT OF THE DARK ENERGY TASK FORCE Dark energy appears to be the dominant component of the physical Universe, yet there is no persuasive theoretical explanation for its existence or magnitude. -
Primack-Phys205-Feb2
Physics 205 6 February 2017 Comparing Observed Galaxies with Simulations Joel R. Primack UCSC Hubble Space Telescope Ultra Deep Field - ACS This picture is beautiful but misleading, since it only shows about 0.5% of the cosmic density. The other 99.5% of the universe is invisible. Matter and Energy Content of the Universe Imagine that the entire universe is an ocean of dark energy. On that ocean sail billions of ghostly ships made of dark matter... Matter and Energy Content of the Dark Universe Matter Ships on a ΛCDM Dark Double Energy Dark Ocean Imagine that the entire universe is an ocean of dark Theory energy. On that ocean sail billions of ghostly ships made of dark matter... Matter Distribution Agrees with Double Dark Theory! Planck Collaboration: Cosmological parameters PlanckPlanck Collaboration: Collaboration: The ThePlanckPlanckmissionmission Planck Collaboration: The Planck mission 6000 6000 Angular scale 5000 90◦ 500018◦ 1◦ 0.2◦ 0.1◦ 0.07◦ Planck Collaboration: The Planck mission European 6000 ] 4000 2 ] 4000 2 K Double K µ [ µ 3000 [ 3000Dark TT Space TT 5000 D D 2000 2000Theory Agency 1000 1000 ] 4000 2 Cosmic 0 K 0 PLANCK 600 Variance600 60 µ 60 [ 3000 300300 30 TT 30 TT 0 0 Satellite D 0 0 D ∆ D Fig. 7. Maximum posterior CMB intensity map at 50 resolution derived from the joint baseline-30 analysis of Planck, WMAP, and ∆ -300 -300 408 MHz observations. A small strip of the Galactic plane, 1.6 % of the sky, is filled in by-30 a constrained realization that has the same statistical properties as the rest of the sky. -
A Model for Core Formation in Dark Matter Haloes and Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies by Outflow Episodes
MNRAS 491, 4523–4542 (2020) doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3306 Advance Access publication 2019 November 26 A model for core formation in dark matter haloes and ultra-diffuse galaxies by outflow episodes Jonathan Freundlich ,1‹ Avishai Dekel,1,2 Fangzhou Jiang ,1 Guy Ishai,1 Nicolas Cornuault,1 Sharon Lapiner,1 Aaron A. Dutton 3 and Andrea V. Maccio` 3,4 1Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel 2Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 3New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 4 Max Planck Institute fur¨ Astronomie, Konigstuhl¨ 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/491/3/4523/5643939 by guest on 24 September 2021 Accepted 2019 November 20. Received 2019 November 20; in original form 2019 July 26 ABSTRACT We present a simple model for the response of a dissipationless spherical system to an instantaneous mass change at its centre, describing the formation of flat cores in dark matter haloes and ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) from feedback-driven outflow episodes in a specific mass range. This model generalizes an earlier simplified analysis of an isolated shell into a system with continuous density, velocity, and potential profiles. The response is divided into an instantaneous change of potential at constant velocities due to a given mass-loss or mass- gain, followed by energy-conserving relaxation to a new Jeans equilibrium. The halo profile is modelled by a two-parameter function with a variable inner slope and an analytic potential profile, which enables determining the associated kinetic energy at equilibrium. -
Kinetic Decoupling of Neutralino Dark Matter
RAPID COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICAL REVIEW D, VOLUME 64, 021302͑R͒ Kinetic decoupling of neutralino dark matter Xuelei Chen* Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210 Marc Kamionkowski† California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 130-33, Pasadena, California 91225 Xinmin Zhang‡ Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 918-4, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China ͑Received 27 March 2001; published 25 June 2001͒ After neutralinos cease annihilating in the early Universe, they may still scatter elastically from other particles in the primordial plasma. At some point in time, however, they will eventually stop scattering. We calculate the cross sections for neutralino elastic scattering from standard-model particles to determine the time at which this kinetic decoupling occurs. We show that kinetic decoupling occurs above a temperature T ϳMeV. Thereafter, neutralinos act as collisionless cold dark matter. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.021302 PACS number͑s͒: 98.80.Cq, 13.15.ϩg, 12.60.Jv, 95.35.ϩd I. INTRODUCTION matter candidates, Gunn et al. ͓6͔ showed that they would fall out of kinetic equilibrium shortly after their annihilation Neutralinos provide perhaps the most promising candidate freezes out. Later, Schmid et al. ͓7͔ estimated the decoupling for the mysterious dark matter in galactic halos ͑see, e.g., temperature of neutralino-neutrino interaction. In this paper Refs. ͓1,2͔ for reviews͒. Such particles would have existed in we consider the process of kinetic decoupling of neutralinos thermal equilibrium in the early Universe when the tempera- in more detail. We calculate the cross sections for elastic ture exceeded the mass of the particle. -
Recent Astronomical Discoveries
From the Atom to the Universe: Recent Astronomical Discoveries Jeremiah P. Ostriker Astronomy starts at the point to which chemistry has brought us: atoms. The basic stuff of which the planets and stars are made is the same as the terres- trial material discussed and analyzed in the ½rst set of essays in this volume. These are the chemical ele - ments, from hydrogen to uranium. Hydrogen, found with oxygen in our plentiful oceanic water, is by far the most abundant element in the universe; iron is the most common of the heavier elements. All the combinations of atoms in the complex chem ical com - pounds studied by chemists on Earth are also pos- sible components of the objects that we see in the cos mos. Although almost all of the regions that we astronomers study are so hot that the more com pli - JEREMIAH P. OSTRIKER, a Fellow cated compounds would be torn apart by the heat, of the American Academy since some surprisingly unstable organic molecules, such as 1975, is the Charles A. Young Pro - cyanopolyynes, have been detected in cold re gions of fes sor Emeritus of Astrophysics at space with very low density of matter. Nev ertheless, Prince ton University and Professor the astronomical world is simpler than the chemical of As tronomy at Columbia Univer - world of the laboratory or the real bio log ical world. sity. His research interests concern dark matter and dark energy, gal - But the enormous spatial and temporal extent of axy formation, and quasars. His the cosmos allows us–and in fact forces us–to ask publications include Heart of Dark - questions that would seem offbeat to a chemist. -
Joel R. Primack, Distinguished Professor of Physics Emeritus, UCSC
Joel R. Primack, Distinguished Professor of Physics Emeritus, UCSC Research accomplishments: I think of myself as a theoretical physicist with broad interests. My Princeton senior thesis under Gerald E. Brown's supervision was the first modern theory of nuclear fission (Primack, PRL 1966). Although it overturned the liquid drop model of Niels Bohr and John Wheeler (1939), Wheeler gave it highest marks and I graduated as the valedictorian of my class. As an undergraduate I also published papers on plasma fluid dynamics, based on research as a summer employee at Jet Propulsion Lab. I worked on theoretical particle physics as Sid Drell’s grad student at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) 1966-70, as a Junior Fellow of the Harvard Society of Fellows 1970-73, and in my first decade at UCSC (1973-1983). Drell suggested that I figure out what was wrong with the apparent failure of the Drell-Hearn sum rule applied to nuclei, so Stan Brodsky I wrote fundamental papers (1968-69) on how to treat the electromagnetic interactions of composite systems such as nuclei. Tom Appelquist and I studied form factors in field theory (1970-72). Appelquist, Helen Quinn, and I wrote some of the first papers on the SU(2)xU(1) electroweak theory (1972-73). With Ben Lee and Sam Trieman I did the first calculation of the mass of the charmed quark (1973), and Abraham Pais and I (1973) showed that CP violation arises in the cross term between first and second order perturbation theory. Sam Berman and I (1974) showed that polarized electron scattering allows a high-precision test of SU(2)xU(1), which resulted in the SLAC experiment whose success helped justify the Nobel Prize for Glashow, Salam, and Weinberg. -
FARSIDE Probe Study Final Report
Study Participants List, Disclaimers, and Acknowledgements Study Participants List Principal Authors Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder Gregg Hallinan, California Institute of Technology Co-Authors Jim Lux, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Andres Romero-Wolf, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Technology Institute of Technology Lawrence Teitelbaum, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Tzu-Ching Chang, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Institute of Technology Jonathon Kocz, California Institute of Technology Judd Bowman, Arizona State University Robert MacDowall, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Justin Kasper, University of Michigan Richard Bradley, National Radio Astronomy Observatory Marin Anderson, California Institute of Technology David Rapetti, University of Colorado Boulder Zhongwen Zhen, California Institute of Technology Wenbo Wu, California Institute of Technology Jonathan Pober, Brown University Steven Furlanetto, UCLA Jordan Mirocha, McGill University Alex Austin, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Disclaimers/Acknowledgements Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The cost information contained in this document is of a budgetary and planning nature and is intended for informational purposes only. It does not constitute a commitment on the part of JPL and/or Caltech © 2019. -
Table of Contents (Print)
PHYSICAL REVIEW D PERIODICALS For editorial and subscription correspondence, Postmaster send address changes to: please see inside front cover (ISSN: 1550-7998) APS Subscription Services P.O. Box 41 Annapolis Junction, MD 20701 THIRD SERIES, VOLUME 97, NUMBER 12 CONTENTS D15 JUNE 2018 The Table of Contents is a total listing of Parts A and B. Part A consists of articles 121301–124019, and Part B articles 124020–129903(E) PART A RAPID COMMUNICATIONS Emergent dark energy from dark matter (6 pages) ................................................................................... 121301(R) Takeshi Kobayashi and Pedro G. Ferreira ARTICLES Search for gamma-ray emission from the nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxies with 9 years of Fermi-LAT data (7 pages) 122001 Shang Li, Kai-Kai Duan, Yun-Feng Liang, Zi-Qing Xia, Zhao-Qiang Shen, Xiang Li, Neng-Hui Liao, Lei Feng, Qiang Yuan, Yi-Zhong Fan, and Jin Chang Calibrating the system dynamics of LISA Pathfinder (14 pages) .................................................................. 122002 M. Armano et al. Particle swarm optimization of the sensitivity of a cryogenic gravitational wave detector (12 pages) ...................... 122003 Yuta Michimura, Kentaro Komori, Atsushi Nishizawa, Hiroki Takeda, Koji Nagano, Yutaro Enomoto, Kazuhiro Hayama, Kentaro Somiya, and Masaki Ando Reconstruction of cosmic ray air showers with Tunka-Rex data using template fitting of radio pulses (10 pages) ....... 122004 P. A. Bezyazeekov, N. M. Budnev, D. Chernykh, O. Fedorov, O. A. Gress, A. Haungs, R. Hiller, T. Huege, Y. Kazarina, M. Kleifges, D. Kostunin, E. E. Korosteleva, L. A. Kuzmichev, V. Lenok, N. Lubsandorzhiev, T. Marshalkina, R. R. Mirgazov, R. Monkhoev, E. Osipova, A. Pakhorukov, L. Pankov, V. V. Prosin, F. -
New Views of Cosmology and the Microworld
XXX SLAC Summer Institute (SSI2002), Stanford, CA, 5-16 August, 2002 NEW VIEWS OF COSMOLOGY AND THE MICROWORLD Marc Kamionkowski∗ California Institute of Technology Mail Code 130-33 Pasadena, CA 91125 ABSTRACT The past few years have seen several breakthroughs in particle astrophysics and cosmology. In several cases, new observations can only be explained with the introduction of new fundamental physics. In this talk I summarize some of these recent advances and describe several areas where progress may well be made in the future. More specifically, I focus on supersymmet- ric and axion dark matter, self-interacting dark matter, cosmic-microwave- background and large-scale-structure tests of inflation, and the dark-energy problem. ∗Supported by NASA NAG5-9821 and DoE DE-FG03-92-ER40701. c 2002 by Marc Kamionkowski. TF04 713 XXX SLAC Summer Institute (SSI2002), Stanford, CA, 5-16 August, 2002 1 Introduction The aim of particle physics is to understand the fundamental laws of nature. The primary tools in this endeavor have been and continue to be accelerator experiments which provide controlled environments for precise experiments. However, this avenue may have limitations, especially considering that many of the most promising ideas for new physics beyond the standard model—e.g., grand unification and quantum gravity—can be tested only at energies many orders of magnitude greater than those accessible by current and planned accelerators. We have recently seen an increased effort to develop cosmological and astrophysical tools to search for and/or constrain new physics beyond the standard model. These efforts do have precedents: Newton’s law of universal gravitation was motivated by planetary orbits. -
Dark Matter Astrophysics 3 2.1 Galactic Rotation Curves
Dark Matter Astrophysics Guido D’Amico, Marc Kamionkowski and Kris Sigurdson Abstract These lectures are intended to provide a brief pedagogical review of dark matter for the newcomer to the subject. We begin with a discussion of the astro- physical evidence for dark matter. The standard weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP) scenario—the motivation, particle models, and detection techniques—is then reviewed. We provide a brief sampling of some recent variations to the stan- dard WIMP scenario as well as some alternatives (axions and sterile neutrinos). Exercises are provided for the reader.1 1 Introduction Dark matter is an essential ingredient in a good fraction of the literature on extra- galactic astronomy and cosmology. Since dark matter cannot be made of any of the usual standard-model particles (as we will discuss below), dark matter is also a cen- tral focus of elementary-particle physics. The purpose of this review is to provide a pedagogical introduction to the principle astrophysical evidence for dark matter and to some of the particle candidates. Rather than present a comprehensive survey of the vast and increasingly precise measurements of the amount and distribution of dark matter, we will present very Guido D’Amico SISSA, via Beirut 2-4, 34014 Trieste, Italy; e-mail: [email protected] Marc Kamionkowski arXiv:0907.1912v1 [astro-ph.CO] 10 Jul 2009 California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 350-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; e-mail: [email protected] Kris Sigurdson Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; e-mail: [email protected] 1 Based on lectures given by MK at the Villa Olmo School on “The Dark Side of the Universe,” 14–18 May 2007 and by KS at the XIX Heidelberg Physics Graduate Days, 8-12 October 2007. -
Patrick C. Breysse's CV
Patrick C. Breysse Postdoctoral Fellow, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics 60 St. George Street, Rm 1302, Toronto, ON Canada M5S 3H8 [email protected] • +1 (647) 534-0268 PROFESSIONAL Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, Toronto, ON, Canada HISTORY Postdoctoral Fellow Sep 2017- Present EDUCATION Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Physics and Astronomy Jun 2012 – May 2017 • Adviser: Professor Marc Kamionkowski • Research areas: Theoretical cosmology, large scale structure, intensity mapping • Thesis: High-Redshift Astrophysics and Cosmology with Intensity Mapping Master of Arts (M.A.) in Physics and Astronomy Jun 2012 – May 2015 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Physics Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Astronomy and Astrophysics Aug 2008 – May 2012 • Graduated with Distinction and with Honors in Physics. COLLABORATION Carbon Monoxide Mapping Array Pathfinder (COMAP) MEMBERSHIPS Lead, Science & Modeling Working Group 2018 – Present Cerro Chajnantor Atacama Telescope – PRIME (CCATp) Member, Science Working Group 2018 – Present EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM) Member, Science Working Group 2019 – Present SELECTED Participant, 66th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting, Jun 2016 AWARDS Max Bodmer Graduate Research Fellowship, Sep 2012 Penn State Astronomy and Astrophysics Student Marshall, May 2012 Astronaut Scholarship, 2011 STUDENTS Anubhav Mathur MENTORED former Univ. of Toronto undergraduate (now grad student at JHU) Henry Liu UBC undergraduate TEACHING Summer Astro 101 Course Summer 2018, 2019 Lecturer CITA cosmology blackboard talks 2017–Present Speaker, 6× CITA pedagogical blackboard talks 2017–present Speaker, 4× General Physics I, JHU Spring 2014 Teaching Assistant Special Relativity and Waves, JHU Fall 2013 Teaching Assistant Page 1 of 4 PROFESSIONAL CITA Cosmology Discussion Group SERVICE Lead Organizer 2019–Present Univ.