version: September 2019
CY
Analytical factsheet for Cyprus:
Nine objectives for a future Common Agricultural Policy
This factsheet provides an overview of the agricultural sector and rural development in Cyprus. The factsheet presents facts and figures for each of the 9 specific objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy after 2020, as proposed by the Commission on 1 June 2018 (COM(2018)392 final). The information reflects all common context indicators and impact indicators in relation to agriculture and rural development for which data is available to date. This factsheet is based on available information received from Member States by the Commission up to August 2019. It is made available without prejudice to any finding in respect of Member State compliance with the regulatory framework and does not prejudge on Member States' future CAP Strategic Plans.
1 Table of contents impact in Indicator Source Current CMEF indicator PMEF Support viable farm income and resilience across the Union to enhance food security Agricultural income versus general economy EUROSTAT yes Impact indicator I.01 Evolution of agricultural income EUROSTAT yes Impact indicators I.01 & I.02 Evolution of agricultural income by sector DG AGRI - FADN yes Evolution of agricultural income by farm size DG AGRI - FADN Evolution of agricultural income in ANC areas DG AGRI - FADN yes Enhance market orientation and increase competitiveness Total factor productivity EUROSTAT yes Impact indicator I.03 Gross fixed capital formation in agriculture EUROSTAT Context indicator C.28 Cost and revenue structure of income EUROSTAT Agri-food trade imports and exports COMEXT yes Impact indicator I.06 Ratio EU prices versus world market DG AGRI, FAOSTAT Impact indicator I.04 Number of farms, hectares and Livestock units EUROSTAT Context C.17, C.18, C.21, C.33 Improve the farmers' position in the value chain Value added for primary producers in food chain EUROSTAT yes Result indicator Pillar I Agricultural output per sector EUROSTAT
Contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as sustainable energy GHG emissions from agriculture EEA yes Impact indicator I.07 Mean organic carbon content JRC yes Impact indicator I.12 Production of renewable energy from agriculture EURObserv'ER, … yes Context indicator C.43 Physical area under AECM AIR Foster sustainable development and efficient management of natural resources such as water, soil and air % of agricultural area at risk of soil erosion JRC yes Impact indicator I.13 Ammonia emissions from agriculture EEA yes Impact indicator I.07 Gross nutrient balance in agricultural land EEA yes Impact indicator I.11 Nitrates in groundwater EEA yes Impact indicator I.11 Water abstraction in agriculture EUROSTAT Impact indicator I.10, C.20 Contribution to the protection of biodiversity, enhance ecosystem services and preserve habitats and landscapes Farmland Bird Index EBCC-PECBMS yes Impact indicator I.08 Conservation status of agricultural habitats EEA-DG ENV Context indicator C.36 Average number of linear elements JRC Area under NATURA 2000 NATURA 2000 Barometer Context indicator C.34
Attract young farmers and facilitate business development in rural areas Age structure of farm managers by gender EUROSTAT Context indicator C.23 Agricultural training of farm managers <35 years EUROSTAT Context indicator C.24 Economic farm size by age class EUROSTAT Promote employment, growth, social inclusion and local development in rural areas, including bio- economy and sustainable forestry Employment rate in predominantly rural areas EUROSTAT yes Impact indicator I.14 GDP per head in predominantly rural areas EUROSTAT yes Impact indicator I.16 Distribution of direct aids DG AGRI (CATS) yes Poverty index in rural areas EUROSTAT yes Impact indicator I.15 Tourism infrastructure EUROSTAT Context indicator C.30 Improve the response of EU agriculture to societal demands on food and health, including safe, nutritious and sustainable food, as well as animal welfare Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents ESVAC yes Sales of plant protection products EUROSTAT Farming intensity DG AGRI - FADN Context indicator C.33 Area under organic farming EUROSTAT Context indicator C.19
Fostering knowledge, innovation and digitalisation in agriculture % RD budget to knowledge and innovation DG AGRI (SFC) yes Number of EIP operational groups DG AGRI Agricultural training of farm managers EUROSTAT Context indicator C.24
2 SUPPORT VIABLE FARM INCOME AND RESILIENCE ACROSS THE UNION TO ENHANCE FOOD SECURITY More information on this objective in the brief on ensuring viable farm income
Reducing income disparities Evolution of agricultural income compared to general economy Methodology (I.1)
In Cyprus, the agricultural income per worker is on average about 61% of the average wage in the whole economy between 2005 and 2018. This share ranges from 52% in 2006 to 78% in 2018, and is above the EU-average. At EU level, the gap between the agricultural income per worker and the average wage in the economy seems to be closing over time. The same trend is visible in Cyprus. The convergence is due to an increase in the agricultural income is Cyprus (see graph below). Agricultural entrepreneurial income per worker compared to average wages in whole economy (based on EUR/hour worked) 100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Agricultural entrepreneurial income+wages per worker EU-28 average Source: DG AGRI - EUROSTAT Find here a comparison per MS based on 2011-2013 data
Reducing farm income variability Evolution of agricultural income Methodology (I.01 & I.02)
The average agricultural factor income per worker fluctuates around EUR 13 600 between 2005 and 2018, with an upward trend as of 2014. Direct payments form 14% of the agricultural factor income in Cyprus in 2017. Also, payments under Pillar II are on average 15% of the income.
€20 000
€15 000
€10 000
€5 000
€0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Agricultural entrepreneurial income + wages /per AWU Agricultural factor income per AWU in real terms Agricultural entrepreneurial income + wages /per AWU - EU-28 Agricultural factor income per AWU in real terms - EU-28
Source: DG AGRI - EUROSTAT Supporting viable farm income Evolution of agricultural income level by sector
The income per worker is above average for granivores (not reported as there are too few farms in FADN, however, there are only 50 specialist pig farms in Cyprus, producing 16% of the total SO in Cyprus (EUROSTAT, 2013)). Income is around average for mixed crops, other field crops and sheep and goat farms. Income per worker is on average lower for farmers with permanent crops (olives, orchards, combined). About 60% of all farms in Cyprus produce olives, (citrus) fruits or has permanent crops combined. Cyprus uses 8% of their direct payment envelope to provide coupled support to sheep and goat (meat and milk) and citrus plantations in buffer zones. Income per worker increases with farm size in Cyprus. Also the share of direct payments in income increases with farm size up to 30 hectares. 85% of farmers in Cyprus farms less than 5 hectares.
Note: The four graphs below are based on FADN data. Please note that FADN data is based on a sample survey, with the sample partly different each year. FADN is based on a sample of farms throughout Europe representing only the so-called professional farms, i.e. farms above a certain threshold of economic size. This explains the differences in income level between FADN and EUROSTAT data.
3 Farm net value added per AWU by sector €25 000 sheep and goat
€20 000 mixed crops and livestock
€15 000 apiculture €10 000 olives €5 000 wine €0 Permanent crops combined (€5 000) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 €25 000 COP crops €20 000
€15 000 other fieldcrops
€10 000 mixed crops €5 000 horticulture €0
(€5 000) orchards-fruits 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Source: DG AGRI - FADN Evolution of agricultural income level by (physical) farm size
Find more information on CAP income support in the dashboard - Farming Income support
Contributing to territorial balance Evolution of agricultural income in areas with natural constraints
In Cyprus the agricultural factor income per worker (FNVA/AWU in FADN) is on average lower in ANC mountain areas (52% of income 'not in ANC') but higher in ANC 'other than mountain' (114%) between 2004 and 2017. 15% of the RD envelope is programmed for ANC payments (total public expenditure). Data for Cyprus is based on the LFA designation, as the new ANC designation is technically agreed in 2018. 60.2% of the UAA in Cyprus is designated as ANC area (12.6% is ANC mountain).
Agricultural factor income per worker in areas with natural constraints € 20 000
€ 15 000
€ 10 000
€ 5 000
€ - 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
FNVA/AWU in ANC/LFA areas other than mountain FNVA/AWU in mountain ANC/LFA areas FNVA/AWU not in ANC/LFA areas
Source: DG AGRI - FADN
4 ENHANCE MARKET ORIENTATION AND INCREASE COMPETITIVENESS
Increase farm productivity Total factor productivity Methodology (I.03) Methodology (C.22) The total factor productivity (TFP) increased in Cyprus between 2005 and 2016. The land, labour and capital productivity decrease between 2005 and 2014, whereas the productivity of intermediate consumption (not present in the graph) strongly increased. The capital productivity presents the returns on investments. Land productivity reflect the developments in yields and rents. The increase in labour productivity between 2014 and 2015 is mainly caused by a decrease in the agricultural labour force (-23% between 2005 and 2017). Total factor productivity in agriculture (TFP Index 2005 EU = 100) 120
100
80
60
40 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total factor productivity (TFP) labour productivity capital productivity land productivity Source: EUROSTAT for TFP and DG AGRI for partial productivity
Gross fixed capital formation in agriculture in EUR million (current prices) Methodology (C.28)
The indicator measures producers’ investments, deducting disposals, in fixed assets plus certain additions to the value of non-produced assets (e.g. land) realized by the productive activity of producer or institutional units. Data between 2000 and 2002 is missing.
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 - 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Source: EUROSTAT
Cost and revenue structure of agricultural income (real prices) in million EUR
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
200
400
600 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Crop output Animal output Product subsidies Other subsidies Agricultural services output Non-agricultural secondary Seeds Energy Fertilisers Plant/animal protection Feedingstuffs Labour Rents Interest Taxes Other costs Entrepreneurial income Source: EUROSTAT
5 Harness Agri-food trade Agri-food trade imports and exports Methodology (I.06)
The agri-food trade balance in Cyprus is negative between 2008 and 2017. It's main export products are cheese (47.7% of trade value in 2018), vegetables (14.1%) and fruit juices (10.3%). Cereals and oilcakes are the main products imported by Cyprus from non-EU countries. Cyprus main imports from EU member states are beverages like spirits, liqueur, water and soft drinks.
Structure of Agri-food trade with all countries in millions of EUR 600 EXPORT 400 200 0 200 400 600 800 1 000 1 200 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Commodities Other primary Processed Food preparations IMPORT Beverages Non-edible Balance
Structure of Agri-food trade with non-EU countries in millions of EUR 150 EXPORT 100 50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Commodities Other primary Processed Food preparations IMPORT Beverages Non-edible Balance
Structure of Agri-food trade with EU countries in millions of EUR 400 EXPORT
200
0
200
400
600
800
1 000 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Commodities Other primary Processed Food preparations IMPORT Beverages Non-edible Balance Source: COMEXT Find more information about the competitiveness of the EU on the dashboard - Market Orientation
6 Ratio between EU and world market prices for the main agricultural products
Data are at EU level. The shift away from market management increased trade opportunities and reduced the price gap between EU and world market prices over time.
3.25 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Soft wheat Beef Pigmeat Poultry Butter Cheese (cheddar) SMP sugar
Source: AGRIVIEW, FAOSTAT and other data See the EU Market Observatories for prices at MS level
Number of farms, number of hectares and number of livestock units Methodology (C.17, C.18, C.21, C.33)
The total number of farms declined between 2005 and 2016 in Cyprus from about 45 200 to 34 900 farms. The average farm size remained between 3 and 4 hectares in the same time period. The agricultural area declined in the same time period from 166 000 hectares in 2005 to 112 000 hectares in 2016. Arable land declined by 32% between 2005 and 2016, permanent crops declined by 37%. The number of livestock units decreased from 243 900 in 2005 to 172 000 in 2016 in Cyprus. The livestock density (calculated as total number of livestock units/total utilised agricultural area) increased from 1.47 in 2005 to 1.53 in 2016. Extensive grazing (area under grazing livestock production below 1 LU/ha of forage area) is not present in Cyprus.
number of farms number of hectares (x1000) number of livestock units 300 000 2.00 50 000 5 200
40 000 4 1.50 150 200 000 30 000 3 1.00 100 20 000 2 100 000 0.50 10 000 1 50 - - - 0 - 2005 2007 2010 2013 2016 2005 2007 2010 2013 2016 2005 2007 2010 2013 2016 LU farms average farm size PG AL PC LU/ha Areas of extensive grazing Source: EUROSTAT
7 IMPROVE THE FARMERS' POSITION IN THE VALUE CHAIN
For more information, see also the brief on the farmers' position in the value chain Improving the farmers' position in the value chain Value added for primary producers in the food chain
The share of the value added in the food chain for primary producers increased in Cyprus from 19.3% in 2008 to 21.8% in 2013, before it declined to 19.8% in 2016. The share to primary producers in Cyprus is below the EU- average. Despite the downward trend in the total value added in the food chain in Cyprus as of 2012, the total value added for food and beverage distribution increased a little over time. The share and total value added for food and beverage manufacturing decreased between 2009 and 2016.
Value added for primary producers in the food chain in million EUR 2 000 100.0%
80.0% 1 500
60.0% 1 000 40.0%
500 20.0%
- 0.0% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 primary producers food and beverage manufacturing food and beverage distribution food and beverage consumer services % for primary producers (right axis) EU-28
Source: EUROSTAT
Agricultural output per sector
The circle diagram gives an overview of the importance of different sectors based on the output at production value. Dairy (26%), pigs (12%) and vegetables and horticultural products (11%) are the main products produced in Cyprus, followed by poultry (9.4%) and fruits (8.8%). EUROSTAT data for 2013 shows that about 50 specialist pig farms (0.14% of all Cypriot farms) produce 16% of the total Standard Output. About 180 specialist dairying farms (0.5%) produce also 16% of the total Standard Output.
AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT PER SECTOR PRODUCTS % in MS % of EU-28 PRODUCTION VALUE AT BASIC PRICES IN 2017 Crop output, of which: 39.2% 0.1% Cereals (including seeds) 1.0% 0.0% Industrial crops 0.1% 0.0% Forage plants 4.8% 0.1% Vegetables & horticulture 11.3% 0.1% Potatoes (including seeds) 5.4% 0.3% Fruits 8.8% 0.2% Wine 3.2% 0.1% Olive oil 0.9% 0.1% Animal output, of which: 60.8% 0.2% Cattle 2.7% 0.1% Pigs 12.2% 0.2% Sheep and goats 4.7% 0.6% Poultry 9.4% 0.3% Milk 25.9% 0.3% Eggs 2.3% 0.2% Source: EUROSTAT
8 CONTRIBUTE TO CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION, AS WELL AS SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
For more information on this objective, see also the CAP brief on agriculture and climate mitigation Contribute to climate change mitigation Reducing GHG emissions from agriculture Methodology (I.07)
The total emissions of greenhouse gasses from agriculture (including cropland and grassland) decreased between 1995 and 2016 by 33% (-12% in EU-28). Also the share of agriculture in the total net emissions decreased from 5% in 1995 to 2% in 2016, linked to an increase in the emissions from energy between 1995 and 2008. The emission of CH4 and N2O per hectare of UAA in Cyprus in 2015 is almost twice the EU-average.
GHG emissions from agriculture (including cropland and grassland) (1 000t of CO2 equivalent) 400 14%
350 12% 300 10% 250 8% 200 6% 150 4% 100 50 2% - 0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 GHG emissions from agriculture (including cropland and grassland) share of agriculture (including soils) in total net emissions share of agriculture (incl. soils) in total net emmissions - EU-28
Source: EEA Click here for an overview of the GHG emission from agriculture per hectare by MS
Enhancing carbon sequestration Increase the soil organic carbon Methodology (I.12)
This indicator estimates the total organic carbon content in arable soils. Soil organic carbon, the major component of soil organic matter, is extremely important in all soil processes. It is also important for the earth's ability to bind water and thus cope with large fluctuations in precipitation, which is important in terms of climate adaptation. The annual rate of loss of organic matter can vary greatly, depending on cultivation practices, the type of plant/crop cover, drainage status of the soil and weather conditions. The mean Soil Organic Carbon concentration per Member State is solely for orientation purposes since it has very limited scientific meaning given the high variability of Soil Organic Carbon concentration in different areas. No data is available for Cyprus.
Mean organic carbon content in g/kg 90.00 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 - AT BE BG CY CZ DE DK EE EL ES FI FR HR HU IE IT LT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK UK
2009 2015
Source: JRC Click here to see a map at regional level (De Brogniez et al., 2014)
More information about soils in the brief on efficient soil management Click here to see the dashboard on climate change and air quality
9 Increase sustainable energy in agriculture Production of renewable energy from agriculture and forestry Methodology (C.43)
The following graph shows the production of renewable energy (RE) from agriculture (biodiesel, biogas and bioethanol) and forestry in tonnes of oil equivalent per 1000 hectares of land. Data for the production of RE from agriculture for 2014 and 2016 are not available for the EU, and not for Cyprus in general. The graph also shows the importance of agriculture and forestry for the production of renewable energy. Finally the graph shows the use of renewable energy in agriculture and forestry as a share of the direct use of energy in the agriculture and forestry (it does not include food processing).
The production of RE from forestry per hectare, in Cyprus is below the EU-average and fluctuates between 39 toe/1000 ha in 2005 and 85 Toe/1000 ha in 2008. No data is available for agriculture. The share of production of RE from forestry is below the EU average. The share of RE production from forestry decreased from 27% in 1995 to 6% in 2015 due to an increase in RE production from solar energy. The use of RE in agriculture and forestry in Cyprus in 2015 is 9%.
Production of renewable energy from agriculture and forestry in toe/1000 hectares and consumption of renewable energy by agriculture/forestry 800 80%
600 60%
400 40%
200 20%
- 0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 production of renewable energy from agriculture in toe/1000 hectares - EU-28 production of renewable energy from forestry in toe/1000 hectares - EU-28 production of renewable energy from agriculture in toe/1000 hectares production of renewable energy from forestry in toe/1000 hectares Production of renewable energy from forestry as % of total renewable energy production Production of renewable energy from agriculture and forestry as % of total renewable energy production - EU-28 Renewable energy consumption in agriculture/forestry as % of direct use of energy in agriculture/forestry Source: EUROSTAT and DG AGRI estimates based on EurObserv'ER, EBB and Tallage's report Stratégie grains
Physical area under Agri-Environment-Climate Measures (AECM)
10% of physical area is under Agri-environment and climate measures in Cyprus in 2017. The physical area measures the total number of hectares with at least one AECM commitment.
N.B.: The percentage of physical area under AECM builds up over time, therefore the physical area is compared to the target set by each MS (compared to the UAA in 2017). Specific support for organic farming - covered by a different rural development measure - is not included.
physical area under AECM as % of UAA in 2017 100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
physical area under AECM as % of UAA target
Source: Annual implementation reports
Click here to see the summary dashboard on environment and climate action
10 FOSTER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SUCH AS WATER, SOIL AND AIR
Reducing soil erosion Share of land in moderate and severe soil erosion on agricultural land Methodology (I.13) click here to see a map at regional level (JRC) Agricultural area is at risk of soil erosion if the rate of soil erosion is more than 11 tonnes per hectare per year. The rate at Member State level represents national average values, therefore, it may mask higher erosion rates in many areas even though a country has a low mean. As it is now, the indicator can only give an indication of the erosion of soil in particular contexts. The estimated erosion rates are linked to agricultural practices and therefore the indicator reflects and captures the effects of policy measures to prevent erosion by agriculture. Moreover, the indicator gives only estimations and it is not directly measurable since it is based on modelling and estimations from different sources and parameters. At the national average, the area at risk of soil erosion in 2012 in Cyprus is with 7.2% equal to the EU-average. At regional level, the soil loss rate can be different. In 2016, 9% of agricultural land in Cyprus is under contracts to improve soil management.
Source: JRC - ISPRA Click here to find information on the % of land under contracts to improve soil
Improve air quality Reduce ammonia emissions from agriculture Methodology (I.07)
The ammonia emission in Cyprus is relatively stable between 1995 and 2010, around 6 000 tonnes, after which it steadily decreased to 5 080 tonnes in 2015. There is a downward trend in the total ammonia emission from agriculture in the EU, but it is slightly increasing as of 2013. Cyprus is on track to achieve the NH3 emission targets for 2020 (-10% compared to 2005) and 2030 (-20%) as established by the NEC Directive. N.B. Note the scaling of the axis. The emissions of ammonia per hectare in Cyprus are around the EU-average.
Total ammonia emissions from agriculture (in 1 000 t of NH3) 8 4 200 7 4 000 6
5 3 800 4 3 3 600 2 3 400 1 - 3 200 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total ammonia emissions from agriculture (in 1 000 t of NH3) EU-28 average
Source: EEA Click for more information on NH3 emission targets (p.23) and emission per ha by MS (p.27)
11 Improve water quality Gross nutrient balance on agricultural land Methodology (I.11)
The two water quality indicators below show the potential impact of agriculture on water quality due to pollution by nitrates and phosphates. Where N and P are applied in excess, they can cause surface and groundwater pollution and eutrophication. The gross nutrient balance provides an estimate of the potential water pollution. The actual concentration is shown in the second graph. The nitrogen surplus in Cyprus fluctuates between 216 kg/N/ha/year in 1997 and 152 kg/N/ha/year in 2005. It is 4 times larger than the EU-average in 2015. The phosphorus surplus fluctuates between 35 kg/P/ha/year and 28 kg/P/ha/year. 68% of the ground water stations in Cyprus in 2012 where of high quality. Under rural development, 5% of agricultural land in Cyprus is under contracts to improve water management in 2016.
kg N/ha/year Potential surplus of N and P on agricultural land kg P/ha/year 250.0 40.0
200.0 30.0 150.0 20.0 100.0 10.0 50.0
0.0 0.0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 potential surplus of nitrogen on agricultural land (in kg N/ha/year) N surplus - EU-28 potential surplus of phosphorus on agricultural land (in kg P/ha/yr) (right axis) Source: EEA Click here to view a comparison of the GNB by country Reducing nutrient leakage Nitrate in groundwater - percentage of groundwater stations with N concentration over 50 mg/l as per Nitrate directive. Groundwater stations exceeding 50 mg/l are in breach of the Nitrate Directive.
Water quality (in NO3 in mg/l) in groundwater stations in 2012 100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
high quality moderate quality (>= 25mg/l and <50 mg/l) poor quality (>= 50 mg/l)
Source: EEA Reducing pressure on water resource
The new impact indicator 'Water Exploitation Index Plus (WEI+)', aims to illustrate the percentage used of the total renewable freshwater resources available in a defined territory (basin, sub-basin etc.) for a given time step (e.g., seasonal, annual). As this indicator is up to now only available per river (sub-)basin, this factsheet presents data on water abstraction. Water abstraction from agriculture Methodology (I.10) Methodology (C.20) This indicator refers to the volume of water which is applied to soils for irrigation purposes. Data concern water abstraction from total surface and groundwater and are provided voluntarily by MS. Data for water use in agriculture are very difficult to get since many farmers use water from streams, wells and ponds. The water abstraction in Cyprus is on average 150 million m3 per year. 21% of the total UAA is irrigated in 2016.
Total water abstraction in agriculture (1 000 m3) 250 000
200 000
150 000
100 000
50 000
- 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Source: EUROSTAT Find here the data for the Water Exploitation Index Plus per river basin Find more information about water quality and quantity in the related dashboard
12 CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROTECTION OF BIODIVERSITY, ENHANCE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND PRESERVE HABITATS AND LANDSCAPES
Increasing farmland bird population Farmland Bird Index Methodology (I.08)
The farmland bird indicator is intended as a barometer of change for the biodiversity of agricultural landscapes in Europe. The indicator is a composite index that measures the rate of change in the relative abundance of common bird species at selected sites. The "EU list of species" currently covers 39 species which are dependent on farmland for feeding and nesting and are not able to thrive in other habitats. The population counts are carried out by a network of volunteer ornithologists coordinated by national schemes. No data is available for Cyprus.
120
100
80
60
40
20
- 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Farmland birds index (FBI) (Index 2000 = 100) EU-28
Source: EBCC/RSPB/BirdLife/Statistics Netherlands: the European Bird Census Council (EBCC) and its Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (PECBMS) Enhanced biodiversity protection Percentage of species and habitats of Community interest related to agriculture with stable or increasing trends This indicator is under development. The new impact indicator will be based on the indicator below.
Conservation status of grassland habitats Methodology (C.36)
The context indicator covers a set of habitat types (listed in Annex I of the Habitats Directive) which are considered to be of European interest that are linked to agro- and grassland ecosystems. Trends in this indicator should primarily be influenced by the implementation of measures under the Habitats Directive, such as the establishment of the Natura 2000 Network and habitats and species protection measures. In Cyprus, all agricultural habitats that are grassland are classified as being in a favourable status in 2012.
Conservation status of grassland habitats (% of assessment of habitats) in 2012 100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0% AT BE BG CY CZ DE DK EE EL ES FI FR HR HU IE IT LT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK UK
favourable unfavourable-inadequate unfavourable-bad unknown
Source: EEA - DG ENV Click here for more information at regional level (p.44) see also the dashboard on biodiversity on the Europa website
13 Enhanced provision of ecosystem Share of Utilised Agricultural Area covered with landscape features This indicator is under development. The following map gives an idea of landscape elements on agricultural area.
Average number of linear elements per transect with agriculture as main land cover, 2015
The map shows the density of linear features in agricultural land per NUTS3 region (average number of linear elements per point) based on the LUCAS survey 2015. The map shows in yellow and orange the regions with a low density of linear elements. In some cases this is related to the presence of large Alpine pastures. Landscape features are supplying many benefits to agro-ecosystems and the wider environment. No information is available for Cyprus.
Source: JRC 2017 More information on p.48 in the following document
Area under NATURA 2000 Methodology (C.34) The Natura 2000 network is an EU-wide network of nature protection areas established under the 1992 Habitats Directive. The aim of the network is to assure the long-term survival of Europe's most valuable and threatened species and habitats. Forest and agricultural area protected under NATURA 2000 in 2016 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
share of forest area (including transitional woodland-shrub) share of agricultural area (including natural grassland)
Source: NATURA 2000 Barometer Statistics Reports, NATURA 2000 data and CORINE Land Cover (CLC)
14 ATTRACT YOUNG FARMERS AND FACILITATE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS
Attracting young farmers The new impact indicator 'evolution of number of new farmers' is under development. Age structure of farm managers by gender Methodology (C.23)
Even though the CAP considers someone a young farmer when the person is below 40 years, EUROSTAT, up to 2013, split up the age class at 35 years. Cyprus has the lowest share of young farmers in the total number of farm managers in the EU in 2016 (1.3%). Similar to the EU, the share of young farmers decreased between 2010 and 2016 in Cyprus. Also the ratio of young managers to elderly decreased in Cyprus between 2005 and 2016 and is the lowest in the EU in 2016.
Furthermore, out of the total number of farm managers below 35 years in 2016, 11% is female. This ranks Cyprus in the bottom 6 in the EU. Share of farm managers <35 years by gender 8.0% 0.08
6.0% 0.06
4.0% 0.04
2.0% 0.02
0.0% 0.00 2005 2007 2010 2013 2016 Share of male farm managers below 35 years share of female farm managers <35 years Share of farm managers below 35 years - EU-28 ratio < 35 y.o./>= 55 y.o. (right axis)
Source: EUROSTAT
Agricultural training of farm managers Methodology (C.24)
The share of farm managers below 35 years of age with at least a basic level of agricultural training (24%) is slightly lower than the share of total farm managers in Cyprus (28%) in 2016. The share of 'young' farm managers with at least a basic agricultural training in Cyprus is above the EU average. Agricultural training of farm managers below 35 years 100% 100% Managers < 35 years with full 80% 80% agricultural training Managers < 35 years with basic 60% 60% agricultural training 40% 40% Managers < 35 years with full agricultural training - EU-28 20% 20% Managers < 35 years with basic 0% 0% agricultural training - EU-28 2005 2010 2013 2016 Source: DG AGRI - EUROSTAT
Economic farm size by age class The average economic farm size in Cyprus is the highest in the age classes from 25 to 44 years old. They also report the largest growth in standard output over time. Average economic farm size in Standard output in EUR 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 - < 25 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years >= 65 years 2007 2010 2013 2016 Source: DG AGRI - EUROSTAT
15 PROMOTE EMPLOYMENT, GROWTH, SOCIAL INCLUSION AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS, INCLUDING BIO- ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY More information on this specific objective is available in the brief on jobs and growth in rural areas Contributing to jobs in rural areas Evolution of the employment rate in predominantly rural areas Methodology (I.14)
The employment rate in rural areas in Cyprus decreased between 2008 and 2016 from 75.1% to almost 70.1% in 2017. The employment rate in predominantly rural areas is lower than the average employment rate in Cyprus as of 2004. The employment rate in rural areas in Cyprus is below the EU-average rural employment rate (72.7% in 2016) as of 2013.
N.B.: the employment rate for women is for the total population of women.
80.0%
75.0%
70.0%
65.0%
60.0%
55.0% 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Employment rate for the age group 20-64 in rural areas Employment rate for the age group 20-64 females Employment rate for the age group 20-64 total Employment rate for the age group 20-64 in rural areas - EU-28
Source: EUROSTAT
Contributing to growth in rural areas Evolution of GDP per head in predominantly rural areas Methodology (I.16)
Under the objective of balanced territorial development, the CAP aims to reduce the gap in standard of living between rural and other areas in the EU. GDP per capita, corrected for purchasing power, can be used to compare the aggregate standard of living between different geographical entities. There are no rural areas defined in Cyprus for this indicator, hence no data is shown for the GDP per capita in rural regions. The following graph shows that the total GDP per capita in Cyprus is above the EU-average between 2005 and 2010, and is below the EU-average in the years after. The GDP per capita in Cyprus declined between 2009 and 2014 compared to the EU-average.
GDP per capita (index PPS [EU-28 = 100]) 120.00
100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
- 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
GDP per capita in rural regions Total GDP per capita GDP per capita in rural regions - EU-28
Source: EUROSTAT View here the related dashboard on jobs and growth in rural areas
16 A fairer CAP The impact indicator 'Improve the distribution of CAP support' is currently under development.
In 2015, 20% of the beneficiaries received 77% of direct payments in Cyprus. This is below the EU-average. Payments are as concentrated as land in Cyprus. distribution of direct aid by aid amount in EUR 60.00% beneficiaries expenditure 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00%
Source: CATS data FY2017 See page 9 for a comparison by MS
Promoting rural inclusion Evolution of poverty index in rural areas Methodology (I.15)
The rural poverty rate in Cyprus fluctuates between 26% and 33% and is above the EU-average rural poverty rate as of 2012. After a decrease between 2005 and 2011, the poverty rate in rural areas increased up to 2015 in Cyprus. The rural poverty rate follows the same trend as the total poverty rate in Cyprus. 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Poverty rate in rural areas (% of total population) Total poverty rate (% of total population) Poverty rate in rural areas (% of total population) - EU-28 Total poverty rate (% of total population) - EU-28
Source: EUROSTAT Click here for a comparison across MS
Tourism infrastructure Methodology (C.30)
The total number of bed places in Cyprus decreased between 2012 and 2017 by 0.8%. The majority of bed places are located in intermediate and rural areas.
total number of bed places by type of regions 100 000
80 000
60 000
40 000
20 000
- 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 rural areas intermediate areas urban areas
Source: EUROSTAT
17 IMPROVE THE RESPONSE OF EU AGRICULTURE TO SOCIETAL DEMANDS ON FOOD AND HEALTH, INCLUDING SAFE, NUTRITIOUS AND SUSTAINABLE FOOD, AS WELL AS ANIMAL WELFARE Find here the brief for CAP Specific Objective 9 about health, food and antimicrobial resistance
Limiting antibiotic use in agriculture Sales/use in food producing animals
The sales in veterinary antimicrobial agents in mg per population correction unit (PCU) fluctuates between 453 and 391 mg/PCU in Cyprus. The sales in Cyprus are significantly above the EU-average (which is weighted for those MS that provide data on a yearly basis), and the highest in the EU.
Sales, in mg/PCU of active ingredient, of veterinary antimicrobial agents marketed mainly for food-producing animals CY EU-28 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Source: European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC)
Sustainable use of pesticides Reduce risks and impacts of pesticides
The new indicator will provide information that is weighted based on the actual risk of the active ingredient to provide information about the risks to humans and the environment. The following graph provides only information about the sales of plant protection products (PPP). For some MS and for some years there is no data for some of the different PPPs. Therefore, the graph cannot provide the trend in sales at EU-level.
Sales of plant protection products in kilogrammes
Cyprus provided data for all different categories of pesticides in 2014, 2016 and 2017. Pesticides sales in Cyprus in 2016 decreased as compared to 2014. Especially the sales in fungicides and bactericides decreased compared to 2014. However, pesticide sales in 2017 are above 2014 level.
Sales of plant protection products in kilogrammes 1 200 000 Other plant protection products 1 000 000 Plant growth regulators 800 000 Molluscicides 600 000 Insecticides and acaricides 400 000 Herbicides. haulm destructors and moss 200 000 killers Fungicides and bactericides 0 2014 2016 2017
Source: EUROSTAT
18 Farming intensity Methodology (C.33)
Farming intensity in the graph below is defined as the level of inputs used by the farm per hectare of land. The inputs considered are fertilizers, pesticides, other crop protection products and purchased feed. The thresholds have been set in such a way that the UAA in the EU is equally divided into the three categories for the first year of the analysis (2004 for the EU-25) - > EUR 342 constant per ha for the highest category, < EUR 150 constant per ha for the lowest category. These levels do not pretend to represent any real borders of extensive and intensive farming. They are set in a pragmatic way to study developments in farming intensity over time.
In Cyprus, the area with low input intensity per hectare remained stable between 2004 and 2016 around 45%, despite a decrease to 32% in 2010. The area with high input intensity remained stable around 40%, between 2004 and 2016.
UAA managed by farms according to input intensity per hectare 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 low input intensity per hectare medium input intensity per hectare high input intensity per hectare
Source: DG AGRI - FADN and EUROSTAT
Responding to consumer demand for quality food Currently, no data is available for the indicator 'Value of production under EU quality schemes (incl. organics)'. Area under organic farming Methodology (C.19)
The total area under organic farming increased in Cyprus between 2014 and 2016, covering about 5 600 hectares in 2017. With 4.8% of the total utilized agricultural area under organic farming in 2017, the share of agricultural land under organic farming in Cyprus is below the EU-average (7%).
Total area under organic farming 6 000 8.0% 7.0% 5 000 6.0% 4 000 5.0% 3 000 4.0% 3.0% 2 000 2.0% 1 000 1.0% - 0.0% 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total agricultural area under organic farming (under conversion) Total agricultural area under organic farming (certified area) Share of area under organic farming out of total UAA (certified plus under conversion) EU-28 Share of area under organic farming out of total UAA (certified plus under conversion)
Source: EUROSTAT
Find more information about organic production and a comparison between MS in the related dashboard
19 FOSTERING KNOWLEDGE, INNOVATION AND DIGITALISATION IN AGRICULTURE
Sharing knowledge and innovation Share of CAP budget for knowledge sharing and innovation
Under the programming period 2014-2020, Cyprus programmed 2% of their total rural development envelope (EAFRD + national contribution) under M01: knowledge transfer and information actions, M02: advisory services, farm management and farm relief services and M16: Co-operation-EIP. This is below the EU-28 average of 3.6%.
% RD budget programmed for cooperation-EIP, knowledge transfer and advisory services, period 2014-2020 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3.63% 3% 2% 1% 0% BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK % of RD envelope programmed for M01+M02+M16 EU-28 average
Source: MS notification in SFC (based on adopted programmes up to July 2019)
Number of EIP operational groups per MS
The European Innovation Platform for agricultural productivity and sustainability (EIP-AGRI) contains EIP operational groups (OG) that are set-up by interested actors such as farmers, researchers, advisors and businesses involved in the agricultural and food sector. The OG come together to work on concrete, practical solutions to a problem or innovative opportunity and whose project is funded by the EAFRD. The figures in the graph are the number of OGs officially submitted by the management authority to the Commission. number of Operational Groups 200 176 153 143 150 134 115 100 74 39 50 30 23 14 13 10 10 9 8 6 5 0 IT ES DE NL PT FR UK SE IE LV AT BE PL SI FI CZ LT BG CY DK EE EL HR HU LU MT RO SK
Source: DG AGRI (updated till 07-2019) Find here an overview of the operational groups and geographical coverage
Agricultural training of farm managers Methodology (C.24)
In Cyprus, 28% of the total farm managers attained basic or full agricultural training in 2016. This share was 5.7% in 2010. Compared to the EU, the share of farmers that attained full agricultural training (meaning any training course continuing for the equivalent of at least two years full time training after the end of compulsory education and completed at an agricultural college, university or other institute of higher education in agriculture) is lower in Cyprus.
Agricultural training of farm managers 100% 100% Managers with full agricultural training 75% 75% Managers with basic agricultural training 50% 50% Managers with full agricultural 25% 25% training - EU-28 Managers with basic 0% 0% agricultural training - EU-28 2005 2010 2013 2016
Source: DG AGRI - EUROSTAT
20 Methodology
This factsheet provides an overview of the current state of the agricultural sector and rural development in the Member State based on a common set of indicators. The factsheet follows the order of the nine specific objectives and includes the impact indicators that are in Annex I of the CAP Strategic Plan proposal. It includes the context indicators in the new Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (PMEF) for which data is available to date.
The name of the impact indicators that are in the new PMEF, are in bold. The description of the impact indicator is given below the name.
For example: Sharing knowledge and innovation Share of CAP budget for knowledge sharing and innovation
Indicators that are not impact indicators in the new PMEF are used as a proxy in case the new impact indicator is still under development. Additional data is presented in graphs where this is relevant and available. These indicator names are shown in italics and surrounded by a light grey box.
For example: Agricultural training of farm managers
All impact indicators are also context indicators in the existing Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (CMEF) and the future PMEF. The table of contents provides a link to the methodological fiches of the impact and context indicators that already exist in the current CMEF. It is possible that some of these fiches will be updated for the PMEF. The table also indicates which indicators are already in the CMEF and which indicators are proposed as impact indicators in the new PMEF.
Complementary information
This factsheet is different from a number of other fiches and factsheets that are available on the EUROPA website. These factsheets provide an analysis per MS as regards the evolution of the different indicators over a long time period following the order of the specific objectives and, therefore, allowing a comparison with the trend in the EU.
The factsheets are complementary to the CAP dashboards that are grouped by theme and focus on the results that are achieved by the CAP in a dynamic IT tool. A number of graphs in these factsheets are similar to the ones in the CAP dashboards, but provide longer time series:
Here you can access the different CAP indicator dashboards
The statistical factsheets published on the EUROPA website present the main economic and agricultural data for each country and the European Union: key data, population and economy, CAP expenditure and distribution of direct aids, agricultural input, output and income, agricultural labour input, agricultural prices, agricultural trade and farm structure:
https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/statistics/factsheets_en
21 Abbreviations
AECM Agri-environment-climate measures AIR Annual implementation report AL Arable land ANC Areas with natural constraints AWU Annual working unit CAP Common Agricultural Policy CATS Clearance of accounts Audit Trailing System CMEF Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework COP Cereals, Oilseed and Protein crops DG AGRI Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development DG ENV Directorate-General for Environment EAFRD European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development EEA European Environment Agency EBB European Biodiesel Board EBCC European Bird Census Council EIP-AGRI European Innovation Platform for agricultural productivity and sustainability ESVAC European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption EU European Union FADN Farm Accountancy Data Network FNVA Farm Net Value Added FY Financial Year GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gasses GNB Gross Nutrient Balance JRC Joint Research Center LFA Less Favoured Areas LU Livestock Unit LUCAS Land use and land cover survey MS Member State NEC National Emission Ceilings NUTS Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics OG Operational Groups PC Permanent Crops PCU Population correction unit PECBMS Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme PG Permanent grassland PMEF Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Framework PPP Plant protection products PPS Purchasing Power Standard RD Rural Development RE renewable energy SFC System for Fund Management in the European Union TFP Total Factor Productivity toe tonnes of oil equivalent UAA Utilised Agricultural Area
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