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Kapageorgiadou Msc.Pdf Canterbury Christ Church University’s repository of research outputs http://create.canterbury.ac.uk Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. Kapageorgiadou, V. (2016) Communication and cultural difficulties between Greek / Greek-Cypriot migrants and the police in England. M.Sc. thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University. Contact: [email protected] Communication and cultural difficulties between Greek / Greek-Cypriot migrants and the police in England by Violeta Kapageorgiadou Canterbury Christ Church University Thesis submitted for the degree of MSc by Research in Social and Applied sciences/Criminology 2016 Communication and cultural difficulties between Greek / Greek-Cypriot migrants and the police in England ii Acknowledgement I would first like to express my very profound gratitude to my thesis advisor Dr. Sofia Graca of the School of Law, Criminal Justice and Computing at Canterbury Christ Church University. I thank her for her guidance, encouragement and support during the development of this thesis. This accomplishment would not have been possible without her. I am also grateful to Prof. Robin Bryant and Dr. Steve Tong for providing their insight and valuable suggestions on this thesis at the supervisory panel meetings. Finally, I would like to thank my parents for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout my years of study and through the process of researching and writing this thesis. Thank you. iii Contents Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................................................... iii Contents ...................................................................................................................................................... iv Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ v 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 6 2 Communication ........................................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 Greek and Greek Cypriot cultures ...................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Culture and Communication ............................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Intercultural communication ............................................................................................................. 11 2.4 Greek culture abroad .......................................................................................................................... 15 2.5 Language and communication ........................................................................................................... 17 2.6 Language and thought ........................................................................................................................ 18 2.7 Language and identity ........................................................................................................................ 19 2.8 Migrants and language ....................................................................................................................... 20 3 Migrants and the police ......................................................................................................................... 24 3.1 Police culture in England .................................................................................................................... 26 3.1.1 Institutional racism .......................................................................................................................... 28 3.1.2 Police training on diversity .............................................................................................................. 30 3.2 Police models in England .................................................................................................................... 32 3.3 Greek and Cypriot police ................................................................................................................... 36 3.4 Comparison of the Greek, Greek-Cypriot and English police forces. ............................................ 40 4 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 43 4.1 Recruitment ......................................................................................................................................... 46 4.2 Ethical issues ........................................................................................................................................ 48 4.3 Limitations ........................................................................................................................................... 49 5 Results ..................................................................................................................................................... 51 ηέ1 εigrants’ views on the police ............................................................................................................. 51 5.2 Communication and cultural barriers .............................................................................................. 54 6 Discussion................................................................................................................................................ 58 7 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 64 References .................................................................................................................................................. 67 Appendix A ................................................................................................................................................ 79 Appendix B ................................................................................................................................................ 83 Appendix C ................................................................................................................................................ 84 Appendix D ................................................................................................................................................ 89 iv Abstract This research explores, whether culture influences the communication between Greek / Greek-Cypriot migrants and the police in England; and also whether the potential cultural diversity between the Greek/Greek-Cypriot migrants and the police in England will influence the migrants trust towards the police. Sixteen migrants, twelve Greek and four Greek-Cypriot, located in the South East of England were interviewed. The participants were mainly asked about their views on the police and their experiences during previous encounters with the police in the host country. The questions tried to explore potential communication difficulties that the migrants might have faced due to their lack of linguistic skills and their different culture. Also, participants were asked about their views on the police in the country of origin, in order to explore whether migrants’ views on the police in the host country are influenced by the experiences they had in the country of origin. Both migrants who had previous encounters with the police and migrants who had not any encounters with the police in the host country were included. Semi-structured interviews were used for the data collection and the results obtained were analysed using content analysis. According to the results, the Greek and Greek-Cypriot migrants do not seem to face major difficulties when they interact with the police in England. The majority of the participants did not face any language difficulties and none of the participants faced any cultural difficulties. According to the participants, the police in England seem to understand and respect diversity. The participants were also satisfied with the police performance in England and their views on the police in the country of origin is not transferred to the host country after their migration. v 1 Introduction This dissertation is focused on the communication and cultural difficulties that the Greek/Greek-Cypriot migrants might face during an encounter with the police in England. As a result, the cultural diversity of the Greek/Greek-Cypriot migrants and the police in England will be analysed in order to understand the potential communication barriers that might rise during an encounter. There are about two-hundred million people all over the world today that have left their countries
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